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Fu Q, Ma X, Li S, Shi M, Song T, Cui J. New insights into the interactions between the gut microbiota and the inflammatory response to ulcerative colitis in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate and possible mechanisms of action for treatment with PE&AFWE. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:83-97. [PMID: 38664929 PMCID: PMC11079155 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation. Intestinal innate immunity, including innate immune cells, defends against pathogens and excessive entry of gut microbiota, while preserving immune tolerance to resident intestinal microbiota, and may be characterized by its capacity to produce a rapid and nonspecific reaction. The association between microbiota dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of IBD is complex and dynamic. When the intestinal ecosystem is in dysbiosis, the reduced abundance and diversity of intestinal gut microbiota make the host more vulnerable to the attack of exogenous and endogenous pathogenic gut microbiota. The aim of our study was to comprehensively assess the relationship between microbial populations within UC, the signaling pathways of pathogenic gut microbe therein and the inflammatory response, as well as to understand the effects of using PE&AFWE (poppy extract [Papaver nudicaule L.] and Artemisia frigida Willd. extract) on UC modulation. METHODS A UC mouse model was established by inducing SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice using dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS). Based on metagenomic sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome, the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and gut microbiota was further studied using random forest and Bayesian network analysis methods, as well as histopathological analysis. RESULTS (1) We found that the 5 gut microbiota with the highest relative abundance of inflammatory bowel disease UC model gut microbiota were consistent with the top 5 ranked natural bacteria. There were three types of abundance changes in the model groups: increases (Chlamydiae/Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres), decreases (Firmicutes), and no significant changes (Bacteroidetes). The UC model group was significantly different from the control group, with 1308 differentially expressed species with abundance changes greater than or equal to 2-fold. (2) The proportion of the fecal flora in the UC group decreased by 37.5% in the Firmicutes and increased by 14.29% in the proportion of Proteobacteria compared to the control group before treatment. (3) The significantly enriched and increased signaling pathways screened were the 'arachidonic acid metabolic pathway' and the 'phagosomal pathway', which both showed a decreasing trend after drug administration. (4) Based on the causal relationship between different OTUs and the UC model/PE&AFWE administration, screening for directly relevant OTU networks, the UC group was found to directly affect OTU69, followed by a cascade of effects on OTU12, OTU121, OTU93, and OTU7, which may be the pathway of action that initiated the pathological changes in normal mice. (5) We identified a causal relationship between common differentially expressed OTUs and PE&AFWE and UC in the pre- and post-PE&AFWE-treated groups. Thereby, we learned that PE&AFWE can directly affect OTU90, after which it inhibits UC, inhibiting the activity of arachidonic acid metabolic pathway by affecting OTU118, which in turn inhibits the colonization of gut microbiota by OTU93 and OTU7. (6) Histopathological observation and scoring (HS) of the colon showed that there was a significant difference between the model group and the control group (p < 0.001), and that there was a significant recovery in both the sulfasalazine (SASP)and the PE&AFWE groups after the administration of the drug (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated causal effects and inflammatory metabolic pathways in gut microbiota dysbiosis and IBD, with five opportunistic pathogens directly contributing to IBD. PE&AFWE reduced the abundance of proteobacteria in the gut microbiota, and histopathology showed significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Shuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Mengni Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Tianyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
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John Kenneth M, Tsai HC, Fang CY, Hussain B, Chiu YC, Hsu BM. Diet-mediated gut microbial community modulation and signature metabolites as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer. J Adv Res 2023; 52:45-57. [PMID: 36596411 PMCID: PMC10555786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, studies have shown an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Researchers have demonstrated that dietary behavior, especially among young adults, influences alterations in the gut microbial community, leading to an increased accumulation of pathogenic gut microbiota and a decrease in beneficial ones. Unfortunately, CRC is likely to be diagnosed at a late stage, increasing CRC-related mortality. However, this alteration in the gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) can be harnessed as a biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC in an effort to prevent late diagnosis and poor prognosis associated with CRC. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses identification of potential biomarkers by targeting diet-mediated gut dysbiosis for the stage-specific diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of CRC. Our findings provide a comprehensive insight into the potential of protumorigenic bacteria (e.g.pathogenic Escherichia coli,enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) and their metabolites (e.g., colibactin and B. fragilis toxin) from gut dysbiosis as biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Collectively, a detailed understanding of the available data from current studies suggests that, further research on quantification of metabolites and stage-specific pathogenic microbial abundance is required for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC based on microbial dysbiosis. Specifically, future studies on faecal samples, from patient with CRC, should be conducted for F. nucleatum among different opportunistic bacteria, given its repeated occurrence in faecal samples and CRC biopsies in numerous studies. Finally, we discuss the potential of faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) as an intervention to restore damaged gut microbiota during CRC treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutebi John Kenneth
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yin Fang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Chiu
- General Surgery, Surgical Department, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Goncuoglu C, Guven GS, Sener B, Demirkan K. Effect of gastric acid suppression on Clostridioides difficile-induced diarrhea and appropriateness of gastric acid suppressors in hospitalized patients: A matched case-control study. Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22:292-296. [PMID: 34531136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The effects of gastric acid suppressors (GASs) on Clostridioides difficile infection remain controversial. Moreover, studies have shown that GASs are overused. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of GAS use on the risk of C. difficile-induced diarrhea (CDID) development and to investigate the appropriate use of GASs. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this observational case-control study, patients hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2016 who had diarrhea after 3 days of hospitalization were included. The study (n = 122) and control (n = 122) groups were matched according to the patients' hospitalization dates and departments. RESULTS No significant difference in CDID development was observed between the study and control groups. However, GAS use was excessive in the study and control groups (usage rates were 90.2% and 91.8%, respectively) (p > 0.05). Most proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists were used without an appropriate indication. Surprisingly, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 7 days and longer showed a significant difference between the study and control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant differences in enteral feeding, oral nutritional support products, carbapenem, penicillin, glycopeptide antibiotics, antifungals, hypoalbuminemia, and increased leukocyte levels were observed between the study and control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A significant difference in CDID development was not detected. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 7 days and longer was a risk factor for CDID development. Additionally, an excessive inappropriate use of GASs was observed. Clinicians should be cautious of all these factors, which may increase the risk of CDID development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Goncuoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, P.O. Box 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulay Sain Guven
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcin Sener
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kutay Demirkan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, P.O. Box 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Animals live in symbiosis with numerous microbe species. While some can protect hosts from infection and benefit host health, components of the microbiota or changes to the microbial landscape have the potential to facilitate infections and worsen disease severity. Pathogens and pathobionts can exploit microbiota metabolites, or can take advantage of a depletion in host defences and changing conditions within a host, to cause opportunistic infection. The microbiota might also favour a more virulent evolutionary trajectory for invading pathogens. In this review, we consider the ways in which a host microbiota contributes to infectious disease throughout the host's life and potentially across evolutionary time. We further discuss the implications of these negative outcomes for microbiota manipulation and engineering in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Stevens
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran A. Bates
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kayla C. King
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030547. [PMID: 33800833 PMCID: PMC8001938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.
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Han S, Zhang Q, Ding Y, Chu P, Zhang J, Shi J, Jia S, Yang C, Lu J, Wang Y. One-Week Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota of Late Neonates With Pneumonia or Meningitis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:723617. [PMID: 34676186 PMCID: PMC8525495 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.723617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neonatal period is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbial community. Antibiotics can change the composition of gut microbiota. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 14 patients with pneumonia and 14 patients with meningitis before and after antibiotic treatment, and fecal samples from five healthy neonates at the 14th and 21st days after birth were collected as well. DNA of fecal samples was extracted, and PCR amplification was performed targeting the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rDNA. After detection by high-throughput sequencing, OTU (operational taxonomic unit) clustering, species annotation, and α diversity analysis were calculated and analyzed statistically. Results: In the healthy control group, the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly from 16.75 to 40.42%, becoming the most dominant bacteria. The results of α diversity analysis suggested that the Sobs indexes of the gut microbiota in the pneumonia and meningitis groups were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (p < 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that the gut microbiota of pneumonia and meningitis groups clustered distinctly with the control group (Adonis p = 0.001, R 2 = 0.565), and there was no significant change in the diversity of gut microbiota before and after the use of antibiotics. Conclusions: The gut microbiota of neonates with infectious diseases were mainly related to the disease conditions. The initial state of neonatal gut microbiome determines its state after 1-week antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic application with 7 days had little effect on the community richness and some effect on the composition of gut microbiota of neonates with pneumonia or meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoru Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Díaz Ramírez J, Álvarez-Herms J, Castañeda-Babarro A, Larruskain J, Ramírez de la Piscina X, Borisov OV, Semenova EA, Kostryukova ES, Kulemin NA, Andryushchenko ON, Larin AK, Andryushchenko LB, Generozov EV, Ahmetov II, Odriozola A. The GALNTL6 Gene rs558129 Polymorphism Is Associated With Power Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3031-3036. [PMID: 33105351 PMCID: PMC7580859 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Díaz, J, Álvarez Herms, J, Castañeda, A, Larruskain, J, Ramírez de la Piscina, X, Borisov, OV, Semenova, EA, Kostryukova, ES, Kulemin, NA, Andryushchenko, ON, Larin, AK, Andryushchenko, LB, Generozov, EV, Ahmetov, II, and Odriozola, A. The GALNTL6 gene rs558129 polymorphism is associated with power performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3031-3036, 2020-The largest genome-wide association study to date in sports genomics showed that endurance athletes were 1.23 times more likely to possess the C allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs558129 of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like 6 gene (GALNTL6), compared with controls. Nevertheless, no further study has investigated GALNTL6 gene in relation to physical performance. Considering that previous research has shown that the same polymorphism can be associated with both endurance and power phenotypes (ACTN3, ACE, and PPARA), we investigated the association between GALNTL6 rs558129 polymorphism and power performance. According to this objective we conducted 2 global studies regarding 2 different communities of athletes in Spain and Russia. The first study involved 85 Caucasian physically active men from the north of Spain to perform a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). In the second study we compared allelic frequencies between 173 Russian power athletes (49 strength and 124 speed-strength athletes), 169 endurance athletes, and 201 controls. We found that physically active men with the T allele of GALNTL6 rs558129 had 5.03-6.97% higher power values compared with those with the CC genotype (p < 0.05). Consistent with these findings, we have shown that the T allele was over-represented in power athletes (37.0%) compared with endurance athletes (29.3%; OR = 1.4, p = 0.032) and controls (28.6%; OR = 1.5, p = 0.015). Furthermore, the highest frequency of the T allele was observed in strength athletes (43.9%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, p = 0.0067 compared with endurance athletes; OR = 2.0, p = 0.0036 compared with controls). In conclusion, our data suggest that the GALNTL6 rs558129 T allele can be favorable for anaerobic performance and strength athletes. In addition, we propose a new possible functional role of GALNTL6 rs558129, gut microbiome regarding short-chain fatty acid regulation and their anti-inflammatory and resynthesis functions. Nevertheless, further studies are required to understand the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Díaz Ramírez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- KDNA Genomics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
- Health, Physical Activity and Sports Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity and Sports, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Larruskain
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Medical Services, Athletic Club, Lezama, Spain
| | - Xabier Ramírez de la Piscina
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekaterina A. Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Kostryukova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kulemin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Andryushchenko
- Department of Physical Education, Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey K. Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Edward V. Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia; and
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- KDNA Genomics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Huang ST, Lai HC, Lin YC, Huang WT, Hung HH, Ou SC, Lin HJ, Hung MC. Principles and treatment strategies for the use of Chinese herbal medicine in patients at different stages of coronavirus infection. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2010-2031. [PMID: 32774998 PMCID: PMC7407358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel, human-infecting β-coronavirus enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infection that emerged in November 2002. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the epidemic disease concepts of "febrile epidemics" (wenyi) or "warm diseases" (wenbing) are based on geographic and cultural aspects, and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) played an important role in the treatment of epidemic diseases. CHM was widely used to treat patients suffered with SARS almost two decades ago during outbreak of SARS, with proven safety and potential benefits. TCM has also been widely used to treat cancer patients for a long history and much of them associate with immunomodulatory activity and are used to treat coronavirus-related diseases. We propose the use of CHM treatment principles for clinical practice, based on four main stages of COVID-19 infection: early, intermediate, severe, and convalescence. We suggest corresponding decoctions that exhibit antiviral activity and anti-inflammatory effects in the early stage of infection; preventing the disease from progressing from an intermediate to severe stage of infection; restoring normal lung function and improving consciousness in the severe stage; and ameliorating pulmonary and vascular injury in the convalescent stage. We summarize the pharmaceutical mechanisms of CHM for treating coronavirus via antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Teng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
- Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiu Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chen Ou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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Dornelles LV, Procianoy RS, Roesch LFW, Corso AL, Dobbler PT, Mai V, Silveira RC. Meconium microbiota predicts clinical early-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1935-1943. [PMID: 32508165 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1774870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality related to premature birth, and its diagnosis remains difficult. Our goal was to evaluate the intestinal microbiota of the first meconium of preterm newborns and ascertain whether it is associated with clinical EONS.Methods: In a controlled, prospective cohort study, samples of the first meconium of premature infants with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks was obtained at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and DNA was isolated from the samples. 16S rDNA based microbiota composition of preterm infants with a clinical diagnosis of EONS was compared to that of a control group.Results: 40 (48%) premature infants with clinical diagnosis of EONS and 44 (52%) without EONS were included in the analysis. The most abundant phylum detected in both groups, Proteobacteria, was more prevalent in the sepsis group (p = .034). 14% of variance among bacterial communities (p = .001) correlated with EONS. The genera most strongly associated with EONS were Paenibacillus, Caulobacter, Dialister, Akkermansia, Phenylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Ruminococcus, Bradyrhizobium, and Alloprevotella. A single genus, Flavobacterium, was most strongly associated with the control group.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the first-meconium microbiota is different in preterm neonates with and without clinical EONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Dornelles
- Serviço de Neonatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato S Procianoy
- Serviço de Neonatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz F W Roesch
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIP-Biotec, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Andréa L Corso
- Serviço de Neonatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIP-Biotec, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Priscila Thiago Dobbler
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIP-Biotec, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rita C Silveira
- Serviço de Neonatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Liu H, Zhao X, Han X, Xu S, Zhao L, Hu L, Xu T, Zhao N, Zhang X, Chen D, He F, Chen X. Comparative study of gut microbiota in Tibetan wild asses ( Equus kiang) and domestic donkeys ( Equus asinus) on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9032. [PMID: 32547852 PMCID: PMC7276150 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan wild asses (Equus Kiang) are the only wild species of perissodactyls on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and appears on the International Union for Conversation of Nature (IUCN) 2012 Red List of threatened species. Therefore, understanding the gut microbiota composition and function of wild asses can provide a theoretical for the situ conservation of wild animals in the future.In this study, we measured the dry matter digestion by the 4 molar hydrochloric acid (4N HCL) acid-insoluble ash method and analyzed the intestinal microbiota of wild asses and domestic donkeys by high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rDNA genes in V3-V4 regions. The results showed that the dry matter digestion in wild asses was significantly higher than in domestic donkeys (P < 0.05). No significant difference in alpha diversity was detected between these two groups. Beta diversity showed that the bacterial community structure of wild asses was acutely different from domestic donkeys. At the phylum level, the two dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in wild asses were significantly higher than that in domestic donkeys. At the genus level, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214, Phascolarctobacterium, Coprostanoligenes_group, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group and Akkermansia in wild asses were significantly higher than in domestic donkeys. Moreover, statistical comparisons showed that 40 different metabolic pathways exhibited significant differences. Among them, 29 pathways had richer concentrations in wild asses than domestic donkeys, mainly included amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. Of note, network analysis showed that wild asses harbored a relatively more complex bacterial network than domestic donkeys, possibly reflecting the specific niche adaption of gut bacterial communities through species interactions. The overall results indicated that wild asses have advantages over domestic donkeys in dry matter digestion, gut microbial community composition and function, and wild asses have their unique intestinal flora to adapt high altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xueping Han
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Fuquan He
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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12
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Ercan N, Olgun E, Kisa Ü, Yalim M. Effect of synbiotics in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis: randomized controlled trial. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:210-219. [PMID: 32147827 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic tablets on the clinical and biochemical parameters of smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis. METHODS Eighty patients with gingivitis [40 smokers (+), 40 non-smokers (-)] were randomly assigned to test (T) or control (C) groups. Four groups were defined: T(+), T(-), C(+) and C(-). The subjects daily chewed a synbiotic or placebo tablet for 30 days. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined as the primary outcome variables. RESULTS The clinical and biochemical parameters for all groups significantly reduced compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences between the groups for gingival index, the plaque index was significantly higher in both smoker groups than that in the T(-) group during the second month (P < 0.05). IL-8 levels in C(-) and IL-6 levels in both control groups were significantly higher than those in the T(+) group. The IL-10 levels in both control groups were significantly higher than those in the T(-) group during the second month (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive synbiotic tablets significantly reduce subclinical therapeutic outcomes for both smokers and non-smokers compared with placebo according to the biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ercan
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - E Olgun
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ü Kisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - M Yalim
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Wang R, Deng Y, Deng Q, Sun D, Fang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Gooneratne R. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Mice Reduces Protective Gut Microbiota, Augmenting Disease Pathways. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32082289 PMCID: PMC7002474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), a major food-borne pathogen, is responsible for severe infections such as gastroenteritis and septicemia, which may be accompanied by life-threatening complications. While studies have evaluated factors that affect the virulence of the pathogen, none have investigated the interaction of Vp with gut microbiota. To address this knowledge gap, we compared the effect of Vp on gut bacterial community structure, immunity, liver and kidney function, in pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice and normal (control) mice. Significant damage to the ileum was observed in normal mice compared with the PGF mice. The inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in normal mice were ∼2.5-fold higher than in the PGF mice, and liver (ALT, AST, ALP) and kidney (BUN) function indices were ∼1.6-fold higher. The Vp infection substantially reduced species composition and richness of the gut microbial communities. In particular, there was a shift in keystone taxa, from protective species of genera Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia in the gut of control mice to opportunistic pathogens Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus, Prevotella, and Sutterella in Vp-infected mice, thus affecting microbiota-related biological functions in the mice. Specifically, pathways involved in infectious diseases and ion channels were significantly augmented in infected mice, while the pathways involved in metabolism, digestion and cell growth declined. We propose that the normal mice are more prone to Vp infection because of the alteration in gut-microbe-mediated functions. All these effects reduce intestinal resistance, with marked damage to the gut lining and pathogen leakage into the blood culminating in liver and kidney damage. These findings greatly advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between Vp, the gut microbiota and the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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14
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Sun N, Wang L, Liu L, Tong L, Tran CD, Awais M, Zhou X, Zhou S. Effect of glucose oxidase and pentosanase on the prebiotic potentials of wheat arabinoxylans in anin vitrofermentation system. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18429-18438. [PMID: 35515221 PMCID: PMC9064794 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GOX and Pn + GOX modification increased the prebiotic potential of WEAX. Pn + GOX treated WEAXs had higher prebiotic potentials than WEAXs treated with GOX. The prebiotic potential of the weak gel was higher than that in the strong gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxia Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - Liya Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - Litao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - Cuong D. Tran
- Health and Biosecurity
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
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15
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Mukherjee S, Joardar N, Sengupta S, Sinha Babu SP. Gut microbes as future therapeutics in treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: Lessons from recent findings. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:111-128. [PMID: 30196243 PMCID: PMC7126101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been the interest of extensive research in recent years and our knowledge on using the potential capacity of these microbes are growing rapidly. Microorganisms colonized throughout the gastrointestinal tract of human are coevolved through symbiotic relationship and can influence physiology, metabolism, nutrition and immune functions of an individual. The gut microbes are directly involved in conferring protection against pathogen colonization by inducing direct killing, competing with nutrients and enhancing the response of the gut-associated immune repertoire. Damage in the microbiome (dysbiosis) is linked with several life-threatening outcomes viz. inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, allergy, and auto-immune disorders. Therefore, the manipulation of human gut microbiota came out as a potential choice for therapeutic intervention of the several human diseases. Herein, we review significant studies emphasizing the influence of the gut microbiota on the regulation of host responses in combating infectious and inflammatory diseases alongside describing the promises of gut microbes as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Nikhilesh Joardar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Subhasree Sengupta
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Santi P Sinha Babu
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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16
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Mendis M, Martens EC, Simsek S. How Fine Structural Differences of Xylooligosaccharides and Arabinoxylooligosaccharides Regulate Differential Growth of Bacteroides Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8398-8405. [PMID: 29863342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) could be used to selectively favor growth of certain gut bacterial groups. The objective of this research was to understand how the structural differences of XOS and AXOS influenced the growth of Bacteroides species commonly found in the intestine. We report that the specific structural details of XOS and AXOS dictate the differential growth of Bacteroides species in the intestine. We also investigated the expression of two polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in a strain of Bacteroides ovatus upon growth on AXOS using three different susC transcripts as sentinel reporter genes. 23-α-l-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A4) was shown to upregulate small xylan PUL gene expression, while 23,33-di-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A6) decreased expression of this PUL. These results reveal new details about the potentially very specific structure-function relationship of XOS and AXOS that could be used in targeted alteration of the microbial population in the gut through dietary interventions to maintain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Mendis
- Department of Plant Sciences , North Dakota State University , Post Office Box 5050, Department 7670, Fargo , North Dakota 58108-6050 , United States
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences , North Dakota State University , Post Office Box 5050, Department 7670, Fargo , North Dakota 58108-6050 , United States
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Parija
- Vice-Chancellor, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India. E-mail:
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18
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Wright ML, Fournier C, Houser MC, Tansey M, Glass J, Hertzberg VS. Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome in ALS: A Systematic Review. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:513-521. [PMID: 29925252 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418784202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) etiology and pathophysiology are not well understood. Recent data suggest that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may contribute to ALS etiology and progression. This review aims to explore evidence of associations between gut microbiota and ALS etiology and pathophysiology. Databases were searched for publications relevant to the gut microbiome in ALS. Three publications provided primary evidence of changes in microbiome profiles in ALS. An ALS mouse model revealed damaged tight junction structure and increased permeability in the intestine versus controls along with a shifted microbiome profile, including decreased levels of butyrate-producing bacteria. In a subsequent publication, again using an ALS mouse model, researchers showed that dietary supplementation with butyrate relieved symptoms and lengthened both time to onset of weight loss and survival time. In a small study of ALS patients and healthy controls, investigators also found decreased levels of butyrate-producing bacteria. Essential for maintaining gut barrier integrity, butyrate is the preferred energy source of intestinal epithelial cells. Ten other articles were reviews and commentaries providing indirect support for a role of gut microbiota in ALS pathophysiology. Thus, these studies provide a modicum of evidence implicating gut microbiota in ALS disease, although more research is needed to confirm the connection and determine pathophysiologic mechanisms. Nurses caring for these patients need to understand the gut microbiome and its potential role in ALS in order to effectively counsel patients and their families about emerging therapies (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbial transplant) and their off-label uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Wright
- 1 Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Malú Tansey
- 3 Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Glass
- 2 Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Foley MH, Martens EC, Koropatkin NM. SusE facilitates starch uptake independent of starch binding in B. thetaiotaomicron. Mol Microbiol 2018; 108:551-566. [PMID: 29528148 PMCID: PMC5980745 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron starch utilization system (Sus) is a model system for nutrient acquisition by gut Bacteroidetes, a dominant phylum of gut bacteria. The Sus includes SusCDEFG, which assemble on the cell surface to capture, degrade and import starch. While SusD is an essential starch-binding protein, the precise role(s) of the partially homologous starch-binding proteins SusE and SusF has remained elusive. We previously reported that a non-binding version of SusD (SusD*) supports growth on starch when other members of the multi-protein complex are present. Here we demonstrate that SusE supports SusD* growth on maltooligosaccharides, and determine the domains of SusE essential for this function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SusE does not need to bind starch to support growth in the presence of SusD*, suggesting that the assembly of SusCDE is most important for maltooligosaccharide uptake in this context. However, starch binding by proteins SusDEF directs the uptake of maltooligosaccharides of specific lengths, suggesting that these proteins equip the cell to scavenge a range of starch fragments. These data demonstrate that the assembly of core Sus proteins SusCDE is secondary to their glycan binding roles, but glycan binding by Sus proteins may fine tune the selection of glycans from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric C. Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicole M. Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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20
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Chen ZM, Chang WH, Zheng AJ, Zhang S, Cai HY, Liu GH. Comparison of Gut Microbial Diversity in Beijing Oil and Arbor Acres Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZM Chen
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | | | | | - S Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | - HY Cai
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | - GH Liu
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
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21
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The biological basis and prevention of preterm birth. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 52:13-22. [PMID: 29703554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The time of birth is a critical determinant of perinatal and long-term outcomes. Preterm birth is still the first cause of infant mortality and morbidity; unfortunately, rates of preterm birth remain high in both high- and low-resource countries, ranging from 5% to 18%. Preterm parturition is a syndrome, which can be induced by various factors such as infection, cervical pathology, uterine overdistension, progesterone deficiency, vascular alterations (utero-placental ischemia, decidual hemorrhage), maternal and fetal stress, allograft reaction, allergic phenomena, and probably other several unknown factors. These various etiologies can lead to the pathological activation of a common pathway of decidua/fetal membranes, which causes uterine contractility, cervical ripening, and rupture of membranes. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for these processes have been identified, which involve receptors, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines. It is very important to understand the cellular and biochemical pathways responsible for preterm labor to identify, treat, and prevent negative outcome in a timely manner. Clinicians and researchers play a key role in improving biochemical knowledge on preterm delivery, identifying risk factors, and shaping interventions that can address this complex syndrome.
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22
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Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:558-572. [PMID: 29462379 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a fundamental role in the energy homeostasis of the host and is essential for proper "education" of the immune system. Intestinal microbial communities are able to ferment dietary fiber releasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs, particularly butyrate (BT), regulate innate and adaptive immune cell generation, trafficing, and function. For example, BT has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the recruitment and proinflammatory activity of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and effector T cells and by increasing the number and activity of regulatory T cells. Gut microbial dysbiosis, ie, a microbial community imbalance, has been suggested to play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relationship between dysbiosis and IBD has been difficult to prove, especially in humans, and is probably complex and dynamic, rather than one of a simple cause and effect relationship. However, IBD patients have dysbiosis with reduced numbers of SCFAs-producing bacteria and reduced BT concentration that is linked to a marked increase in the number of proinflammatory immune cells in the gut mucosa of these patients. Thus, microbial dysbiosis and reduced BT concentration may be a factor in the emergence and severity of IBD. Understanding the relationship between microbial dysbiosis and reduced BT concentration to IBD may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
| | - João Ricardo Araújo
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1202, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
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23
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Role of HIV exposure and infection in relation to neonatal GBS disease and rectovaginal GBS carriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13820. [PMID: 29062060 PMCID: PMC5653843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is the leading cause worldwide of neonatal sepsis. We sought to assess to which extent HIV exposure of neonates is associated with GBS neonatal disease. Furthermore, we assessed to which extent HIV infection in women is associated with maternal rectovaginal GBS carriage, the single most important risk factor for GBS neonatal disease. We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies assessing the association between neonatal GBS disease and HIV-status of the mother and studies that assessed the association between rectovaginal GBS colonization and HIV status in women. HIV-exposed uninfected neonates were more than twice as likely to have neonatal GBS disease compared to unexposed neonates. HIV-exposed neonates were not at increased risk for early-onset neonatal disease, but were 4.43 times more likely to have late-onset neonatal GBS disease. There was no significant association between HIV infection status and rectovaginal GBS carriage. Public health interventions preventing neonatal GBS disease are urgently needed for the increasing group of HIV-exposed neonates. A framework integrating and explaining our findings highlights opportunities for the clinical practice and global health policy to prevent disease. Well-designed studies should clarify the relation between HIV-status and GBS carriage.
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Abstract
Environmental enteropathy is a chronic condition of the small intestine associated with increased intestinal permeability, mucosal inflammation, malabsorption, and systemic inflammation. It is commonly accompanied by enteric infections and is misleadingly considered a subclinical disease. Potential effects of enteric infections and enteropathy on vaccine responses, child growth, cognitive development, and even later life obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are increasingly being recognized. Herein, we review the evolving challenges to defining environmental enteropathy and enteric infections, current evidence for the magnitude and determinants of its burden, new assessment tools, and relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Rogawski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Carter Harrison Research Building MR-6, 345 Crispell Drive, Room 2520, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Carter Harrison Research Building MR-6, 345 Crispell Drive, Room 2520, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, USA.
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Carter Harrison Research Building MR-6, 345 Crispell Drive, Room 2520, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, USA
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Microbiota promotes systemic T-cell survival through suppression of an apoptotic factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5497-5502. [PMID: 28487480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619336114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic microbes impact the severity of a variety of diseases through regulation of T-cell development. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms by which this is accomplished. Here we report that a secreted factor, Erdr1, is regulated by the microbiota to control T-cell apoptosis. Erdr1 expression was identified by transcriptome analysis to be elevated in splenic T cells from germfree and antibiotic-treated mice. Suppression of Erdr1 depends on detection of circulating microbial products by Toll-like receptors on T cells, and this regulation is conserved in human T cells. Erdr1 was found to function as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis through caspase 3. Consistent with elevated levels of Erdr1, germfree mice have increased splenic T-cell apoptosis. RNA sequencing of Erdr1-overexpressing cells identified the up-regulation of genes involved in Fas-mediated cell death, and Erdr1 fails to induce apoptosis in Fas-deficient cells. Importantly, forced changes in Erdr1 expression levels dictate the survival of auto-reactive T cells and the clinical outcome of neuro-inflammatory autoimmune disease. Cellular survival is a fundamental feature regulating appropriate immune responses. We have identified a mechanism whereby the host integrates signals from the microbiota to control T-cell apoptosis, making regulation of Erdr1 a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune disease.
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Ma S, Sun Y, Wang F, Mi R, Wen Z, Li X, Meng N, Li Y, Du X, Li S. Effects of tussah immunoreactive substances on growth, immunity, disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus and gut microbiota profile of Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:471-479. [PMID: 28254498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tussah immunoreactive substance (TIS) comprises a number of active chemicals with various bioactivities. The current study investigated the effects of these substances on the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The specific growth rate (SGR) of TIS-fed sea cucumbers was significantly enhanced, whereas no significant difference in SGR was observed between those soaked in antibiotics and those fed with basal diet only. TIS also improved the immune response of the animals when given at a dose of 1.0% or 2.0%, as shown by increased phagocytic, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and catalase activities following injection with live Vibrio splendidus. At a dose of 1.0% or 2.0%, TIS significantly enhanced the immune ability (P < 0.05) of the sea cucumbers, but except for lysozyme activity, other immune indices were reduced one day after the animals were injected with Vibrio splendidus. However, the values of these immune indexes were still significantly higher compared to those of the control groups (P < 0.05). Intestinal micro flora counts and high-throughput sequencing showed that dietary TIS could improve the amount of probiotic bacteria, yielding a 6-fold increase in Bacillus and 10-fold increase in Lactobacillus for sea cucumbers fed with 2.0% TIS diet compared to the control. Furthermore, TIS-containing diet also greatly reduced the number of harmful bacteria, with the number of Vibrio in sea cucumbers fed with 1%TIS diet decreased by 67% compared to the control. The results thus indicated that TIS increased the growth of sea cucumbers and enhanced their resistance to V. splendidus infection by improving the immunity of the animals. TIS also improved the gut microbiota profiles of the animals by increasing the probiotics and reducing the harmful bacteria within their guts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Ma
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Rui Mi
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Zhixin Wen
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Nan Meng
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yajie Li
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xingfan Du
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Almand EA, Moore MD, Jaykus LA. Virus-Bacteria Interactions: An Emerging Topic in Human Infection. Viruses 2017; 9:v9030058. [PMID: 28335562 PMCID: PMC5371813 DOI: 10.3390/v9030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and viruses often occupy the same niches, however, interest in their potential collaboration in promoting wellness or disease states has only recently gained traction. While the interaction of some bacteria and viruses is well characterized (e.g., influenza virus), researchers are typically more interested in the location of the infection than the manner of cooperation. There are two overarching types of bacterial-virus disease causing interactions: direct interactions that in some way aid the viruses, and indirect interactions aiding bacteria. The virus-promoting direct interactions occur when the virus exploits a bacterial component to facilitate penetration into the host cell. Conversely, indirect interactions result in increased bacterial pathogenesis as a consequence of viral infection. Enteric viruses mainly utilize the direct pathway, while respiratory viruses largely affect bacteria in an indirect fashion. This review focuses on some key examples of how virus-bacteria interactions impact the infection process across the two organ systems, and provides evidence supporting this as an emerging theme in infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Almand
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Matthew D Moore
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Current address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA..
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Maidji E, Somsouk M, Rivera JM, Hunt PW, Stoddart CA. Replication of CMV in the gut of HIV-infected individuals and epithelial barrier dysfunction. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006202. [PMID: 28241080 PMCID: PMC5328284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although invasive cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is uncommon in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), asymptomatic CMV coinfection is nearly ubiquitous in HIV infected individuals. While microbial translocation and gut epithelial barrier dysfunction may promote persistent immune activation in treated HIV infection, potentially contributing to morbidity and mortality, it has been unclear whether CMV replication in individuals with no symptoms of CMV disease might play a role in this process. We hypothesized that persistent CMV replication in the intestinal epithelium of HIV/CMV-coinfected individuals impairs gut epithelial barrier function. Using a combination of state-of-the-art in situ hybridization technology (RNAscope) and immunohistochemistry, we detected CMV DNA and proteins and evidence of intestinal damage in rectosigmoid samples from CMV-positive individuals with both untreated and ART-suppressed HIV infection. Two different model systems, primary human intestinal cells differentiated in vitro to form polarized monolayers and a humanized mouse model of human gut, together demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cells are fully permissive to CMV replication. Independent of HIV, CMV disrupted tight junctions of polarized intestinal cells, significantly reducing transepithelial electrical resistance, a measure of monolayer integrity, and enhancing transepithelial permeability. The effect of CMV infection on the intestinal epithelium is mediated, at least in part, by the CMV-induced proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Furthermore, letermovir, a novel anti-CMV drug, dampened the effects of CMV on the epithelium. Together, our data strongly suggest that CMV can disrupt epithelial junctions, leading to bacterial translocation and chronic inflammation in the gut and that CMV could serve as a target for therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat gut epithelial barrier dysfunction during HIV infection. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is a well-known consequence of HIV infection that persists in spite of ART. The underlying mechanisms by which HIV perturbs intestinal epithelial junctions remain unclear, and the impact of opportunistic viral pathogens in the gut has not been fully appreciated. HIV-infected individuals are almost universally coinfected with CMV. While ART has resulted in a dramatic decline in the occurrence of end-organ CMV diseases, CMV remains an independent contributor to systemic inflammation in HIV-infected people. In our analysis of rectosigmoid biopsies from CMV/HIV-coinfected individuals, we found active CMV replication associated with intestinal damage in the gut of ART-suppressed HIV-infected individuals with no symptoms of CMV disease. We demonstrated that CMV productively infects intestinal epithelial cells and, independent of HIV, disrupts their tight junctions and compromises epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, the CMV-induced proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is a key factor in this process, and attenuation of CMV replication by letermovir, a new anti-CMV agent currently in clinical development, was sufficient to prevent CMV-induced loss of epithelial integrity. Our data highlight the role of CMV as a cofactor in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in asymptomatic HIV infection and suggest a novel treatment strategy to prevent intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Maidji
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jose M. Rivera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Stoddart
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen X, Liu S, Tan Q, Shoenfeld Y, Zeng Y. Microbiome, autoimmunity, allergy, and helminth infection: The importance of the pregnancy period. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28224678 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a special physical period in reproductive age women, which has a beneficial influence on the course of certain autoimmune diseases. It has been recently suggested that the microbiome undergoes profound changes during pregnancy that are associated with host physiological and immunological adaptations. The maternal microbiome remodeling during pregnancy is an active response of the mother, possibly to alter immune system status and to facilitate metabolic and immunological adaptations, which are needed for a successful pregnancy. In this review, we attempt to discuss (i) the role of maternal microbiome in pregnancy outcomes known to adversely influence neonatal and infant health, including preterm birth, cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy, and gestational weight gain; (ii) the association of microbiome with autoimmunity, allergy diseases, and asthma during pregnancy; and (iii) the impact of helminth infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Foley MH, Cockburn DW, Koropatkin NM. The Sus operon: a model system for starch uptake by the human gut Bacteroidetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2603-17. [PMID: 27137179 PMCID: PMC4924478 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resident bacteria in the densely populated human intestinal tract must efficiently compete for carbohydrate nutrition. The Bacteroidetes, a dominant bacterial phylum in the mammalian gut, encode a plethora of discrete polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that are selectively activated to facilitate glycan capture at the cell surface. The most well-studied PUL-encoded glycan-uptake system is the starch utilization system (Sus) of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The Sus includes the requisite proteins for binding and degrading starch at the surface of the cell preceding oligosaccharide transport across the outer membrane for further depolymerization to glucose in the periplasm. All mammalian gut Bacteroidetes possess analogous Sus-like systems that target numerous diverse glycans. In this review, we discuss what is known about the eight Sus proteins of B. thetaiotaomicron that define the Sus-like paradigm of nutrient acquisition that is exclusive to the Gram-negative Bacteroidetes. We emphasize the well-characterized outer membrane proteins SusDEF and the α-amylase SusG, each of which have unique structural features that allow them to interact with starch on the cell surface. Despite the apparent redundancy in starch-binding sites among these proteins, each has a distinct role during starch catabolism. Additionally, we consider what is known about how these proteins dynamically interact and cooperate in the membrane and propose a model for the formation of the Sus outer membrane complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Darrell W Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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31
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Liu L, Zhang Q, Lin J, Ma L, Zhou Z, He X, Jia Y, Chen F. Investigating Oral Microbiome Profiles in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate for Prognosis of Alveolar Bone Grafting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155683. [PMID: 27191390 PMCID: PMC4871547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to investigate the oral microbiota structure of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and explore the pre-operative oral bacterial composition related to the prognosis of alveolar bone grafting. In total, 28 patients (19 boys, 9 girls) with CLP who were scheduled to undergo alveolar bone grafting for the first time were recruited. According to the clinical examination of operative sites at the third month after the operation, the individuals were divided into a non-inflammation group (n = 15) and an inflammation group (n = 13). In all, 56 unstimulated saliva samples were collected before and after the operation. The v3-v4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Based on the beta diversity of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the inflammation and non-inflammation samples, the microbial variation in the oral cavity differed significantly between the two groups before and after the operation (P < 0.05). Analysis of the relative abundances of pre-operative OTUs revealed 26 OTUs with a relative abundance higher than 0.01%, reflecting a significant difference of the relative abundance between groups (P < 0.05). According to a principal component analysis of the pre-operative samples, the inflammation-related OTUs included Tannerella sp., Porphyromonas sp., Gemella sp., Moraxella sp., Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella intermedia, most of which were enriched in the inflammation group and showed a significant positive correlation. A cross-validated random forest model based on the 26 different OTUs before the operation was able to fit the post-operative status of grafted sites and yielded a good classification result. The sensitivity and specificity of this classified model were 76.9% and 86.7%, respectively. These findings show that the oral microbiota profile before alveolar bone grafting may be related to the risk of post-operative inflammation at grafted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiuxiang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong He
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Yilin Jia
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (FC)
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (FC)
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32
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Babot JD, Argañaraz-Martínez E, Lorenzo-Pisarello MJ, Apella MC, Perez Chaia A. Cytotoxic damage of soybean agglutinin on intestinal epithelial cells of broiler chicks:in vitroprotection byBifidobacterium infantisCRL1395. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw114. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Graziani F, Pujol A, Nicoletti C, Dou S, Maresca M, Giardina T, Fons M, Perrier J. Ruminococcus gnavus E1 modulates mucin expression and intestinal glycosylation. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1403-17. [PMID: 26868655 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The molecular cross-talk between commensal bacteria and the gut play an important role in the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis and general health. Here, we studied the impact of a major Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium of the human gut microbiota, that is, Ruminococcus gnavus on the glycosylation pattern and the production of intestinal mucus by the goblet cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results showed that R. gnavus E1 specifically increases the expression and the glycosylation level of the intestinal glyco-conjugates by goblet cells in the colonic mucosa of mono-associated mice with R. gnavus E1 as well as in human HT29-MTX cells. Such an effect was mediated through induction of the level of mRNA encoding for the major intestinal gel-forming mucin such as MUC2 and various glycosyltransferase enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that R. gnavus E1 possess the ability to modulate the glycosylation profile of the glyco-conjugate molecules and mucus in goblet cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Furthermore, we demonstrated that R. gnavus E1 modified specifically the glycosylation pattern and MUC2 expression by means of a small soluble factor of peptidic nature (<3 kDa) and heat stable in the HT29-MTX cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Graziani
- iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - A Pujol
- iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - C Nicoletti
- iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - S Dou
- UP 2012.10.120.EGEAL, Institut Polytechnique, La Salle Beauvais, France
| | - M Maresca
- iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - T Giardina
- iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - M Fons
- IMM UMR 7283, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - J Perrier
- iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Abstract
The food we consume feeds not only us, but also a vast and diverse community of microbiota within our gastrointestinal tract. In a process of symbiotic co-evolution, the gut microbiota became essential for the maintenance of the health and integrity of our colon. The advent of next-generation DNA sequencing technology and metabolic profiling have, in the recent years, revealed the remarkable complexity of microbial diversity and function, and that the microbiota produce a wide variety of bioactive products that are not only active at the mucosal surface, but also absorbed and circulated throughout the body, influencing distant organ health and function. As a result, several microbiota compositional patterns and their associations with both health and disease states have been identified. Importantly, a disturbed microbiota-host relationship, termed dysbiosis, is now recognized to be the root cause for a growing list of diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). There is mounting in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest that diet selects for the microbiota composition and several health promoting and deleterious effects of diet are, in fact, mediated by the microbiota. Recent findings of the feasibility of dietary fiber to boost the colonic microbial synthesis of anti-proliferative and counter carcinogenic metabolites, particularly butyrate, underscores the prerequisite of dietary modification as a key measure to curb the pandemic of CRC in westernized countries. Better understanding of the diet-microbiota interplay and large-scale studies to evaluate the efficacy of dietary modification and gut microbiota modulation in reversing dysbiosis and restoring health could offer novel preventative and/or therapeutic strategies against westernized diseases, which are now considered the chief threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Vipperla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, 933W MUH, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Stephen J O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, PUH, Mezzanine Level - C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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O'Donoghue C, Solomon K, Fenelon L, Fitzpatrick F, Kyne L. Effect of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics on the gut microbiome of hospitalised older persons. J Infect 2016; 72:498-500. [PMID: 26855324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caoilfhionn O'Donoghue
- Department of Medicine for the Older Person, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Katie Solomon
- University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Science, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX44QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Lynda Fenelon
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Fidelma Fitzpatrick
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25-27 Middle Gardiner Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Kyne
- Department of Medicine for the Older Person, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
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Herrero-Fresno A, Zachariasen C, Hansen MH, Nielsen A, Hendriksen RS, Nielsen SS, Olsen JE. Apramycin treatment affects selection and spread of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain able to colonize the human gut in the intestinal microbiota of pigs. Vet Res 2016; 47:12. [PMID: 26739225 PMCID: PMC4704421 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of apramycin treatment on transfer and selection of an Escherichia coli strain (E. coli 912) in the intestine of pigs was analyzed through an in vivo experiment. The strain was sequenced and assigned to the sequence type ST101 and serotype O11. It carried resistance genes to apramycin/gentamicin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, hygromycin B, β-lactams and streptomycin [aac(3)-IV, sul2, tet(X), aph(4), blaTEM-1 and strA/B], with all but tet(X) located on the same conjugative plasmid. Nineteen pigs were randomly allocated into two inoculation groups, one treated with apramycin (pen 2) and one non-treated (pen 3), along with a non-inoculated control group (pen 1). Two pigs of pen 2 and 3 were inoculated intragastrically with a rifampicin resistant variant of the strain. Apramycin treatment in pen 2 was initiated immediately after inoculation. Strain colonization was assessed in the feces from all pigs. E. coli 912 was shown to spread to non-inoculated pigs in both groups. The selective effect did not persist beyond 3 days post-treatment, and the strain was not detected from this time point in pen 2. We demonstrated that E. coli 912 was able to spread between pigs in the same pen irrespective of treatment, and apramycin treatment resulted in significantly higher counts compared to the non-treated group. This represents the first demonstration of how antimicrobial treatment affects spread of resistant bacteria in pig production. The use of apramycin may lead to enhanced spread of gentamicin-resistant E. coli. Since gentamicin is a first-choice drug for human bacteremia, this is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Zachariasen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Monica Hegstad Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-borne Pathogens and EU Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Li S, Dunlop AL, Jones DP, Corwin EJ. High-Resolution Metabolomics: Review of the Field and Implications for Nursing Science and the Study of Preterm Birth. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:12-22. [PMID: 26183181 PMCID: PMC4684995 DOI: 10.1177/1099800415595463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most complex health conditions do not have a single etiology but rather develop from exposure to multiple risk factors that interact to influence individual susceptibility. In this review, we discuss the emerging field of metabolomics as a means by which metabolic pathways underlying a disease etiology can be exposed and specific metabolites can be identified and linked, ultimately providing biomarkers for early detection of disease onset and new strategies for intervention. We present the theoretical foundation of metabolomics research, the current methods employed in its conduct, and the overlap of metabolomics research with other "omic" approaches. As an exemplar, we discuss the potential of metabolomics research in the context of deciphering the complex interactions of the maternal-fetal exposures that underlie the risk of preterm birth, a condition that accounts for substantial portions of infant morbidity and mortality and whose etiology and pathophysiology remain incompletely defined. We conclude by providing strategies for including metabolomics research in future nursing studies for the advancement of nursing science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Edmond MB. THE POWER OF POOP: FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION FOR CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2016; 127:71-80. [PMID: 28066039 PMCID: PMC5216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is colonized with 200 to 1,000 bacterial species. Administration of antibiotics reduces the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduces colonization resistance, and can lead to infection with Clostridium difficile. These infections have become more prevalent and increasingly patients are experiencing multiple recurrences that are incurable with standard treatment. Although fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used for centuries in human and veterinary medicine, only recently has it be shown to be highly effective for recurrent C. difficile infection. The goal of FMT is to re-introduce a complete, stable community of gut microorganisms to repair or replace the disrupted native microbiota. FMT can be delivered via nasoenteric tube, colonoscopy, or enema. Despite a cure rate approximating 90%, many barriers to FMT have limited its availability to patients. The recent development of a not-for-profit stool bank has helped to make this therapy more accessible. Additional indications for FMT are currently under investigation.
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Øyri SF, Műzes G, Sipos F. Dysbiotic gut microbiome: A key element of Crohn's disease. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 43:36-49. [PMID: 26616659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first publication on "regional ileitis", the relevance of this chronic inflammatory disease condition termed finally as Crohn's disease is continuously increasing. Although we are beginning to comprehend certain aspects of its pathogenesis, many facets remain unexplored. Host's gut microbiota is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including immune system development, and pathogen regulation. Further, the microbiome is thought to play a key role in Crohn's disease. The presence of Crohn's-associated variants of NOD2 and ATG16L genes appears to be associated not only with alterations of mucosal barrier functions, and bacterial killing, but the gut microbiota, as well, reflecting a potential relationship between the host's genotype and intestinal dysbiosis, involved in disease etiology. This review aims to characterize some exciting new aspect of Crohn's disease pathology, focusing mainly on the role of intestinal microbes, and their interplay with the immune system of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styrk Furnes Øyri
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
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40
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Dunlop AL, Mulle JG, Ferranti EP, Edwards S, Dunn AB, Corwin EJ. Maternal Microbiome and Pregnancy Outcomes That Impact Infant Health: A Review. Adv Neonatal Care 2015; 15:377-85. [PMID: 26317856 PMCID: PMC4658310 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is recognized as a key determinant of a range of important maternal and child health outcomes, and together with perinatal factors influences the infant microbiome. This article provides a summary review of research investigating (1) the role of the maternal microbiome in pregnancy outcomes known to adversely influence neonatal and infant health, including preterm birth, cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and excessive gestational weight gain; (2) factors with an established link to adverse pregnancy outcomes that are known to influence the composition of the maternal microbiome; and (3) strategies for promoting a healthy maternal microbiome, recognizing that much more research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Dunlop
- Emory University School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, 404-712-8520 (phone); 404-727-6945 (fax)
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- Rollins School of Public Health & School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erin P. Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara Edwards
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Alexis B. Dunn
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,Atlanta, GA 30322
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Mendis M, Leclerc E, Simsek S. Arabinoxylans, gut microbiota and immunity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 139:159-66. [PMID: 26794959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX) is a non-starch polysaccharide found in many cereal grains and is considered as a dietary fiber. Despite their general structure, there is structural heterogeneity among AX originating from different botanical sources. Furthermore, the extraction procedure and hydrolysis by xylolytic enzymes can further render differences to theses AX. The aim of this review was to address the effects of AX on the gut bacteria and their immunomodulatory properties. Given the complex structure of AX, we also aimed to discuss how the structural heterogeneity of AX affects its role in bacterial growth and immunomodulation. The existing literature indicates the role of fine structural details of AX on its potential as polysaccharides that can impact the gut associated microbial growth and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Mendis
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate Program, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Estelle Leclerc
- North Dakota State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate Program, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Antibiotic Selection Pressure Determination through Sequence-Based Metagenomics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7335-45. [PMID: 26369961 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01504-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut forms a dynamic reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Treatment with antimicrobial agents has a significant impact on the intestinal resistome and leads to enhanced horizontal transfer and selection of resistance. We have monitored the development of intestinal ARGs over a 6-day course of ciprofloxacin (Cp) treatment in two healthy individuals by using sequenced-based metagenomics and different ARG quantification methods. Fixed- and random-effect models were applied to determine the change in ARG abundance per defined daily dose of Cp as an expression of the respective selection pressure. Among various shifts in the composition of the intestinal resistome, we found in one individual a strong positive selection for class D beta-lactamases which were partly located on a mobile genetic element. Furthermore, a trend to a negative selection has been observed with class A beta-lactamases (-2.66 hits per million sample reads/defined daily dose; P = 0.06). By 4 weeks after the end of treatment, the composition of ARGs returned toward their initial state but to a different degree in both subjects. We present here a novel analysis algorithm for the determination of antibiotic selection pressure which can be applied in clinical settings to compare therapeutic regimens regarding their effect on the intestinal resistome. This information is of critical importance for clinicians to choose antimicrobial agents with a low selective force on their patients' intestinal ARGs, likely resulting in a diminished spread of resistance and a reduced burden of hospital-acquired infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Wang W, Chen SW, Zhu J, Zuo S, Ma YY, Chen ZY, Zhang JL, Chen GW, Liu YC, Wang PY. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibits the translocation of bacteria of gut-origin in mice with peritonitis: mechanism of action. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124835. [PMID: 25946026 PMCID: PMC4422672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), an enzyme produced endogenously at the brush edge of the intestinal mucosa, may mitigate the increase in aberrant intestinal permeability increased during sepsis. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the inhibitory effect of IAP on acute intestinal inflammation and to study the molecular mechanisms underlying IAP in ameliorating intestinal permeability. We used an in vivo imaging method to evaluate disease status and the curative effect of IAP. Two Escherichia coli (E.coli) B21 strains, carrying EGFP labeled enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and RFP labeled red fluorescent protein (RFP), were constructed as tracer bacteria and were administered orally to C57/B6N mice to generate an injection peritonitis (IP) model. The IP model was established by injecting inflammatory lavage fluid. C57/B6N mice bearing the tracer bacteria were subsequently treated with (IP+IAP group), or without IAP (IP group). IAP was administered to the mice via tail vein injections. The amount of tracer bacteria in the blood, liver, and lungs at 24 h post-injection was analyzed via flow cytometry (FCM), in vivo imaging, and Western blotting. Intestinal barrier function was measured using a flux assay with the macro-molecule fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, molecular weight 40kD, (FD40). To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of IAP, we examined the levels of ERK phosphorylation, and the expression levels of proteins in the ERK-SP1-VEGF and ERK-Cdx-2-Claudin-2 pathways. We observed that IAP inhibited the expression of Claudin-2, a type of cation channel-forming protein, and VEGF, a cytokine that may increase intestinal permeability by reducing the levels of dephosphorylated ERK. In conclusion, exogenous IAP shows a therapeutic effect in an injection peritonitis model. This including inhibition of bacterial translocation. Moreover, we have established an imaging methodology for live-animals can effectively evaluate intestinal permeability and aberrant bacterial translocation in IP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zuo
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Experimental Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Kumar PS, Mason MR. Mouthguards: does the indigenous microbiome play a role in maintaining oral health? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:35. [PMID: 26000251 PMCID: PMC4422079 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of symbiotic relationships between bacteria and their hosts in various ecosystems have long been known to science. The human body also hosts vast numbers of bacteria in several habitats. Emerging evidence from the gastro-intestinal tract, genito-urinary tract and respiratory indicates that there are several health benefits to hosting a complex and diverse microbial community. Bacteria colonize the oral cavity within a few minutes after birth and form stable communities. Our knowledge of the oral microbiome has expanded exponentially with development of novel exploratory methods that allow us to examine diversity, structure, function, and topography without the need to cultivate the individual components of the biofilm. The purpose of this perspective, therefore, is to examine the strength of current evidence supporting a role for the oral microbiome in maintaining oral health. While several lines of evidence are emerging to suggest that indigenous oral microbiota may have a role in immune education and preventing pathogen expansion, much more work is needed to definitively establish whether oral bacteria do indeed contribute to sustaining oral health, and if so, the mechanisms underlying this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima S. Kumar
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R. Mason
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In newborns, interactions between the host and the microbiome operate synergistically, modulating host immune function and shaping the microbiome. Next generation molecular sequencing methodologies in tandem with modeling complex communities allow insights into the role of the microbiome in health and disease states. Infection-related disease states in which dysbiosis is integral include late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which still cause deaths and morbidity. Understanding microbiomic interactions may lead to alternative prevention, monitoring or treatment strategies, and modulation of long-term health outcomes especially in the preterm population. Recent studies have advanced understanding of the microbiome in NEC and LOS. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms of host-microbiome interaction have been demonstrated. Patterns of microbiomic change in association with NEC and LOS have been observed, with community changes dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes appearing to precede NEC, and very early microbiomic signatures influencing LOS. Data on viral and fungal elements are emerging. SUMMARY Greater understanding of the neonatal bowel microbiome may allow tailored clinical practice and therapeutic intervention. Data handling and interpretation is challenging. Mechanistic studies of clinical interventions that affect the gut microbiome are important next steps.
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Pereira RVV, Siler JD, Bicalho RC, Warnick LD. In vivo selection of resistant E. coli after ingestion of milk with added drug residues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115223. [PMID: 25506918 PMCID: PMC4266680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance represents a major global threat to modern medicine. In vitro studies have shown that very low concentrations of drugs, as frequently identified in the environment, and in foods and water for human and animal consumption, can select for resistant bacteria. However, limited information is currently available on the in vivo impact of ingested drug residues. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of feeding preweaned calves milk containing antimicrobial drug residues (below the minimum inhibitory concentration), similar to concentrations detected in milk commonly fed to dairy calves, on selection of resistant fecal E. coli in calves from birth to weaning. At birth, thirty calves were randomly assigned to a controlled feeding trial where: 15 calves were fed raw milk with no drug residues (NR), and 15 calves were fed raw milk with drug residues (DR) by adding ceftiofur, penicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline at final concentrations in the milk of 0.1, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.3 µg/ml, respectively. Fecal samples were rectally collected from each calf once a week starting at birth prior to the first feeding in the trial (pre-treatment) until 6 weeks of age. A significantly greater proportion of E. coli resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, streptomycin and tetracycline was observed in DR calves when compared to NR calves. Additionally, isolates from DR calves had a significant decrease in susceptibility to ceftriaxone and ceftiofur when compared to isolates from NR calves. A greater proportion of E. coli isolates from calves in the DR group were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobial drugs when compared to calves in the ND group. These findings highlight the role that low concentrations of antimicrobial drugs have on the evolution and selection of resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Van Vleck Pereira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Julie D Siler
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lorin D Warnick
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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Gale P, Hill A, Kelly L, Bassett J, McClure P, Le Marc Y, Soumpasis I. Applications of omics approaches to the development of microbiological risk assessment using RNA virus dose-response models as a case study. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1537-48. [PMID: 25269811 PMCID: PMC7166579 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T e in the amount of ‘omics’ data available and in our ability to interpret those data. The aim of this paper was to consider how omics techniques can be used to improve and refine microbiological risk assessment, using dose–response models for RNA viruses, with particular reference to norovirus through the oral route as the case study. The dose–response model for initial infection in the gastrointestinal tract is broken down into the component steps at the molecular level and the feasibility of assigning probabilities to each step assessed. The molecular mechanisms are not sufficiently well understood at present to enable quantitative estimation of probabilities on the basis of omics data. At present, the great strength of gene sequence data appears to be in giving information on the distribution and proportion of susceptible genotypes (for example due to the presence of the appropriate pathogen‐binding receptor) in the host population rather than in predicting specificities from the amino acid sequences concurrently obtained. The nature of the mutant spectrum in RNA viruses greatly complicates the application of omics approaches to the development of mechanistic dose–response models and prevents prediction of risks of disease progression (given infection has occurred) at the level of the individual host. However, molecular markers in the host and virus may enable more broad predictions to be made about the consequences of exposure in a population. In an alternative approach, comparing the results of deep sequencing of RNA viruses in the faeces/vomitus from donor humans with those from their infected recipients may enable direct estimates of the average probability of infection per virion to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gale
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
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Berrington JE, Cummings SP, Embleton ND. The nasopharyngeal microbiota: an important window of opportunity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:246-8. [PMID: 25084258 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1152ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Elizabeth Berrington
- 1 Newcastle Neonatal Service Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom and
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Joshi V, Matthews C, Aspiras M, de Jager M, Ward M, Kumar P. Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:1037-47. [PMID: 25139209 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dysbiotic microbial communities underlie the aetiology of several oral diseases, especially in smokers. The ability of an ecosystem to rebound from the dysbiotic state and re-establish a health-compatible community, a characteristic known as resilience, plays an important role in susceptibility to future disease. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of smoking on colonization dynamics and resilience in marginal and subgingival biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Marginal and subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 25 current and 25 never smokers with pre-existing gingivitis at baseline, following resolution, after 1, 2 4, 7, 14 and 21 days of undisturbed plaque formation and following resolution. 16S cloning and sequencing was used for bacterial identification and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of 27 immune mediators. RESULTS Smokers demonstrated an early pathogenic colonization that led to sustained pathogen enrichment with periodontal and respiratory pathogens, eliciting a florid immune response. Smokers also demonstrated greater abundance of pathogenic species, poor compositional correlation between marginal and subgingival ecosystems, and significantly greater pro-inflammatory responses following resolution of the second episode of disease. CONCLUSIONS The ability of the subgingival microbiome to "reset" itself following episodes of disease is decreased in smokers, thereby lowering the resilience of the ecosystem and decreasing its resistance to future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Joshi
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Ramírez P, Gordón M. Microbiota intestinal en el paciente crítico. Una aproximación positiva mediante el aporte de simbióticos. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 143:161-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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