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Sun Z, Wu Z, Zhu L, Li X, Xu D, Tian X, Mao D. Research trends and hotspot evolution of exercise-regulated myokines: a bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1410068. [PMID: 39148743 PMCID: PMC11324543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1410068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of physical activity is a common issue in modern society and is considered a major risk factor for various chronic non-communicable diseases. Bioactive factors secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise play a crucial role in inter-organ interactions. Since the concept of "myokines" was proposed in 2004, hundreds of regulatory myokines have been identified. Visual analysis of research on exercise-regulated myokines is significant to explore research hotspots and frontiers in this field. Methods Research literature on exercise-regulated myokines from 2003 to 2023 in the "Web of Science" database was used as the data source. Knowledge maps were drawn using "VOS Viewer, CiteSpace, and R-bibliometrix" software. Results A total of 1,405 papers were included, showing a fluctuating yet slow growth in annual publications. The United States and China led in the number of publications and collaboration networks. Harvard University ranked first with 120 publications. CIBER (centrality 0.16) and the University of California System (centrality 0.16) were pivotal in advancing this field. PEDERSEN BK led author rankings with 41 publications and 1,952 citations. FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY ranked first among journals with 64 publications and the highest g-index (39), while PLoS One had the highest h-index (25) and most citations (2,599). Key co-cited reference clusters included #1 skeletal muscle dysfunction, #2 obesity, #6 ASCs, and #7 adaptive immunocytes. Pontus Boström's paper had a notable citation burst intensity of 77.37. High-frequency keywords were "exercise" (509), "skeletal muscle" (452), and "expression" (293), with long-term keywords such as #0 irisin, #2 insulin resistance, #3 transcription, and #6 physical activity. Recently, keywords like "physical exercise," "resistance exercise," "aerobic exercise," "insulin," and "oxidative stress" have emerged. Conclusion Research in the field of exercise-regulated myokines shows an overall upward trend. The focus areas include myokines mediated by different types of exercise, the interaction of irisin-mediated muscle with other organs, and the important role of myokine-mediated oxidative stress in exercise simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- College of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
- Institute of Sports Science, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zekai Wu
- Graduate Education College, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhe Li
- Graduate Education College, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Graduate Education College, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuewen Tian
- Institute of Sports Science, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Graduate Education College, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dewei Mao
- College of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
- Institute of Sports Science, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Deng AF, Wang FX, Wang SC, Zhang YZ, Bai L, Su JC. Bone-organ axes: bidirectional crosstalk. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:37. [PMID: 38867330 PMCID: PMC11167910 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its recognized role in providing structural support, bone plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality and balance of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (also known as osteokines). This reciprocal influence extends to these organs modulating bone homeostasis and development, although this aspect has yet to be systematically reviewed. This review aims to elucidate this bidirectional crosstalk, with a particular focus on the role of osteokines. Additionally, it presents a unique compilation of evidence highlighting the critical function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) within bone-organ axes for the first time. Moreover, it explores the implications of this crosstalk for designing and implementing bone-on-chips and assembloids, underscoring the importance of comprehending these interactions for advancing physiologically relevant in vitro models. Consequently, this review establishes a robust theoretical foundation for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases related to the bone-organ axis from the perspective of cytokines, EVs, hormones, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Fu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fu-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Si-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li X, Lindholm B. The role of irisin in kidney diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117756. [PMID: 38218331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone that is produced mainly by skeletal muscles in response to exercise. It has been found to have a close correlation with obesity and diabetes mellitus for its energy expenditure and metabolic properties. Recent research has revealed that irisin also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, which make it associated with major chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver diseases, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer s disease. The identification of irisin has not only opened up new possibilities for monitoring metabolic and non-metabolic diseases but also presents a promising therapeutic target due to its multiple biological functions. Studies have shown that circulating irisin levels are lower in CKD patients than in non-CKD patients and decrease with increasing CKD stage. Furthermore, irisin also plays a role in many CKD-related complications like protein energy wasting (PEW), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). In this review, we present the current knowledge on the role of irisin in kidney diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiejia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pahlavani HA, Laher I, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Physical exercise for a healthy pregnancy: the role of placentokines and exerkines. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:30. [PMID: 37964253 PMCID: PMC10718036 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Complications such as diabetes and preeclampsia can occur during pregnancy. Moderate-intensity exercise can prevent such complications by releasing placentokines and exerkines, such as apelin, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, and chemerin. Exercise and apelin increase thermogenesis and glucose uptake in pregnancy by activating AMPK, PI3K, PGC-1α, AKT1, UCP3, and sarcolipin. Exercise increases apelin levels to reduce preeclampsia symptoms by increasing eNOS, NO, placental growth factor (PlGF), and VEGF and decreasing levels of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), and oxidative stress. A negative relationship has been reported between plasma leptin and VO2peak/kg and VO2peak in women with gestational diabetes. In active women, decreases in leptin levels reduce the risk of preeclampsia by ~ 40%. Higher adiponectin levels are associated with greater physical activity and lead to increased insulin sensitivity. Increased adiponectin levels in preeclampsia and exercise counteract inflammatory and atherogenic activities while also having vascular protective effects. Exercise increases irisin levels that correlate negatively with fasting glucose, insulin concentration, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Irisin augments mRNA expression levels of UCP1 and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (cidea) to cause browning of adipose tissue, increased thermogenesis, and increased energy consumption. Irisin concentrations in mothers with preeclampsia in the third trimester negatively correlate with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Expression levels of chemerin, IL-6, and TNF-α are increased in gestational diabetes, and the increases in chemerin in late pregnancy positively correlate with the ratio of sFlt-1 to PlGF as a marker of preeclampsia. The effects of physical exercise on placentokines and exerkines in women at various stages of pregnancy remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S) UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Charles Tillon, France.
- Institut International Des Sciences Du Sport (2IS), Irodouer, France.
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Bonanni R, Cariati I, Marini M, Tarantino U, Tancredi V. Microgravity and Musculoskeletal Health: What Strategies Should Be Used for a Great Challenge? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1423. [PMID: 37511798 PMCID: PMC10381503 DOI: 10.3390/life13071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Space colonization represents the most insidious challenge for mankind, as numerous obstacles affect the success of space missions. Specifically, the absence of gravitational forces leads to systemic physiological alterations, with particular emphasis on the musculoskeletal system. Indeed, astronauts exposed to spaceflight are known to report a significant impairment of bone microarchitecture and muscle mass, conditions clinically defined as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In this context, space medicine assumes a crucial position, as the development of strategies to prevent and/or counteract weightlessness-induced alterations appears to be necessary. Furthermore, the opportunity to study the biological effects induced by weightlessness could provide valuable information regarding adaptations to spaceflight and suggest potential treatments that can preserve musculoskeletal health under microgravity conditions. Noteworthy, improving knowledge about the latest scientific findings in this field of research is crucial, as is thoroughly investigating the mechanisms underlying biological adaptations to microgravity and searching for innovative solutions to counter spaceflight-induced damage. Therefore, this narrative study review, performed using the MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, aims to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the effects of real and simulated microgravity on the musculoskeletal system and to discuss the effectiveness of the main defence strategies used in both real and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Roles of miR-196a and miR-196b in Zebrafish Motor Function. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030554. [PMID: 36979489 PMCID: PMC10046552 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The exertion of motor function depends on various tissues, such as bones and muscles. miR-196 has been widely studied in cancer and other fields, but its effect on bone and skeletal muscle is rarely reported. In order to explore the role of miR-196 family in bone and skeletal muscle, we used the previously successfully constructed miR-196a-1 and miR-196b gene knockout zebrafish animal models for research. Methods: The behavioral trajectories of zebrafish from 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 7 dpf were detected to analyze the effect of miR-196a-1 and miR-196b on motor ability. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect the dorsal muscle tissue of zebrafish. The bone tissue of zebrafish was detected by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of related genes, including vcp, dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, col1a1a, bmp8a, gdf6a, and fgfr3. Results: The behavioral test showed that the total behavioral trajectory, movement time, and movement speed of zebrafish larvae were decreased in the miR-196a-1 and miR-196b gene knockout lines. Muscle tissue analysis showed that the structure of muscle fibers in the zebrafish lacking miR-196a-1 and miR-196b was abnormal and was characterized by vacuolar degeneration of muscle fibers, intranuclear migration, melanin deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Bone CT examination revealed decreased bone mineral density and trabecular bone number. The real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of vcp, dpm1, gdf6a, fgfr3, and col1a1a were decreased in the miR-196b gene knockout group. The expression levels of dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, gdf6a, and col1a1a were decreased, and the expression level of fgfr3 was increased in the miR-196b gene knockout group compared with the wild-type group. Conclusions: miR-196a-1 and miR-196b play an important role in muscle fiber structure, bone mineral density, and bone trabecular quantity by affecting the expression of vcp, dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, gdf6a, fgfr3, and col1a1a and then affect the function of the motor system
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Huang H, Ma S, Xing X, Su X, Xu X, Tang Q, Gao X, Yang J, Li M, Liang C, Wu Y, Liao L, Tian W. Muscle-derived extracellular vesicles improve disuse-induced osteoporosis by rebalancing bone formation and bone resorption. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:609-624. [PMID: 36526242 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal bone disorder worldwide with characteristics of reduced bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. It has been predicted to become a global challenge with the aging of the world population. However, the current therapy based on antiresorptive drugs and anabolic drugs has unwanted side effects. Although cell-based treatments have shown therapeutic effects for osteoporosis, there are still some limitations inhibiting the process of clinical application. In the present study, we developed EVs derived from skeletal muscle tissues (Mu-EVs) as a cell-free therapy to treat disuse-induced osteoporosis. Our results showed that Mu-EVs could be prepared easily and abundantly from skeletal muscle tissues, and that these Mu-EVs had typical features of extracellular vesicles. In vitro studies demonstrated that Mu-EVs from normal skeletal muscles could be phagocytized by bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoclasts (OCs), and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibited OCs formation. Correspondingly, Mu-EVs from atrophic skeletal muscles attenuated the osteogenesis of BMSCs and strengthened the osteoclastogenesis of monocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that Mu-EVs could efficiently reverse disuse-induced osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and suppressing bone resorption. Collectively, our results suggest that Mu-EVs may be a potential cell-free therapy for osteoporosis treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal bone disorder worldwide and has become a global health concern with the aging of the world population. The current treatment for osteoporosis has unwanted side effects. Extracellular veiscles (EVs) from various cell sources are a promising candidate for osteoporosis treatment. In the present study, our team established protocols to isolate EVs from culture supernatant of skeletal muscles (Mu-EVs). Uptake of Mu-EVs by BMSCs and osteoclasts influences the balance of bone remodeling via promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibiting the osteoclasts formation of monocytes. In addition, exogenous Mu-EVs from normal skeletal muscles are proved to reverse the disuse-induced osteoporosis. We provide experimental evidence that Mu-EVs therapy is a potential cell-free platform for osteoporosis treatment towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shixing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China..
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Tang
- West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, No.21, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China..
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Zhou BN, Zhang Q, Lin XY, Hu J, Zhao DC, Jiang Y, Xing XP, Li M. The roles of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1049. [PMID: 36456918 PMCID: PMC9716692 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduction in androgen level gives rise to a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle strength, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the roles of novel cytokines of sclerostin and irisin on bone and muscle of orchiectomized rats. METHODS Twenty 3-month-old male rats were randomized to receive sham or orchiectomy (ORX) operation. Rats were euthanized after 8 weeks of surgery, and serum levels of sclerostin and irisin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and execution. Grip strength was measured by a grip strength tester at baseline and before execution. BMD and bone microarchitecture were measured by microcomputed tomography. The samples of bone and muscle were harvested at execution. Bone biomechanics were measured by three-point bending tests and vertebral body indentation tests. Bone and muscle histological features were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin stain, Von Kossa's stain and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase stain. Simple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationships between serum levels of sclerostin, irisin and grip strength and BMD of ORX rats. RESULTS Serum sclerostin level increased from 279 ± 44 pg/mL to 586 ± 57 pg/mL since baseline to 8 weeks after ORX (P = 0.002), which was significantly higher than that in sham rats (406 ± 20 pg/mL at execution) (P = 0.012). Serum irisin level decreased from 4.12 ± 0.20 ng/mL to 3.55 ± 0.29 ng/mL since baseline to 8 weeks of ORX (P = 0.048), which was significantly lower than sham rats (4.84 ± 0.37 pg/mL at execution) (P = 0.013). Trabecular BMD, parameters of bone microarchitecture, bone strength, grip strength and the myofibers size of soleus muscles were significantly lower in ORX rats than in sham group. Grip strength was positively correlated with femoral trabecular BMD (r = 0.713, P < 0.001) and bone volume/total volume (r = 0.712, P < 0.001) in all rats. The serum sclerostin level was negatively correlated to femoral trabecular BMD (r = -0.508, P = 0.022) and grip strength (r = -0.492, P = 0.028). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with femoral trabecular BMD (r = 0.597, P = 0.005), but no obvious correlation was found between irisin level and muscle strength in all rats. CONCLUSIONS Reduced BMD, impaired bone microarchitecture, weak strength of bone and muscle, and thin myofibers were induced by androgen deficiency of ORX rats. Serum sclerostin and irisin levels were significantly changed after ORX, which might be closely correlated with the occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in ORX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-na Zhou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiao-yun Lin
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jing Hu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Di-chen Zhao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yan Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiao-ping Xing
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Mei Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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Irisin and Bone in Sickness and in Health: A Narrative Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226863. [PMID: 36431340 PMCID: PMC9699623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone-like myokine produced by the skeletal muscle in response to exercise. Upon its release into the circulation, it is involved in the browning process and thermogenesis, but recent evidence indicates that this myokine could also regulate the functions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Most human studies have reported that serum irisin levels decrease with age and in conditions involving bone diseases, including both primary and secondary osteoporosis. However, it should be emphasized that recent findings have called into question the importance of circulating irisin, as well as the validity and reproducibility of current methods of irisin measurement. In this review, we summarize data pertaining to the role of irisin in the bone homeostasis of healthy children and adults, as well as in the context of primary and secondary osteoporosis. Additional research is required to address methodological issues, and functional studies are required to clarify whether muscle and bone damage per se affect circulating levels of irisin or whether the modulation of this myokine is caused by the inherent mechanisms of underlying diseases, such as genetic or inflammatory causes. These investigations would shed further light on the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis and bone disease.
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Liu S, Cui F, Ning K, Wang Z, Fu P, Wang D, Xu H. Role of irisin in physiology and pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962968. [PMID: 36225200 PMCID: PMC9549367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, out-membrane part of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 protein (FNDC5), was activated by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) during physical exercise in skeletal muscle tissues. Most studies have reported that the concentration of irisin is highly associated with health status. For instance, the level of irisin is significantly lower in patients with obesity, osteoporosis/fractures, muscle atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but higher in patients with cancer. Irisin can bind to its receptor integrin αV/β5 to induce browning of white fat, maintain glucose stability, keep bone homeostasis, and alleviate cardiac injury. However, it is unclear whether it works by directly binding to its receptors to regulate muscle regeneration, promote neurogenesis, keep liver glucose homeostasis, and inhibit cancer development. Supplementation of recombinant irisin or exercise-activated irisin might be a successful strategy to fight obesity, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, liver injury, and CVDs in one go. Here, we summarize the publications of FNDC5/irisin from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2022, and we review the role of FNDC5/irisin in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengqi Cui
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kaiting Ning
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengyu Fu
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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Kou G, Li P, Shi Y, Traore SS, Shi X, Amoah AN, Cui Z, Lyu Q. Sesamin Activates Skeletal Muscle FNDC5 Expression and Increases Irisin Secretion via the SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7704-7715. [PMID: 35708276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignin mainly found in sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil and sesame seeds, has been demonstrated to possess lipoclasis-promoting, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects. Irisin is a newly discovered myokine that has attracted great interest as a key target to prevent/treat obesity and its related metabolic diseases. However, the effect and potential mechanism of sesamin on FNDC5/irisin are still vacant. In this study, we showed that sesamin treatment increased FNDC5/irisin activation and regulated SIRT1, PGC-1α, and p-SMAD3/SMAD3 expression in C2C12 cells. By using specific inhibitors and lentivirus in C2C12 cells, we found that the SIRT1/SMAD3 axis plays an important role in sesamin regulated FNDC5/irisin activation. We also found that sesamin treatment activated FNDC5 expression and regulated the SIRT1/SMAD3 signaling axis in mice's skeletal muscle. What is more, by the high-fat diet induced obese model, we further showed that sesamin improved the high-fat diet induced decrease in irisin production and secretion, which results in an improvement of body weight gain and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Our results suggested that sesamin could activate FNDC5 expression and stimulate irisin secretion through the SIRT1 pathway both in vitro and in vivo, which may provide a new strategy for preventing and improving irisin deficiency related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Kou
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanfei Shi
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Stanislav Seydou Traore
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Adwoa Nyantakyiwaa Amoah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenwei Cui
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Berezin AA, Lichtenauer M, Boxhammer E, Fushtey IM, Berezin AE. Serum Levels of Irisin Predict Cumulative Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:922775. [PMID: 35651870 PMCID: PMC9149086 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.922775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum irisin level in predicting clinical outcome in heart failure (HF) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: 153 T2DM patients with HF aged 41–62 years were prospectively recruited for the study. Serum levels of irisin and NT-proBNP were measured by ELISA. Laboratory tests including HbA1c, fasting glucose, blood creatinine, insulin, lipids and creatinine with estimation of GFR were performed along with echocardiography at baseline. The observation period was 56 weeks.Results: We identified 76 composite cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, which included CV death and death from all causes, resuscitated cardiac death, non-fatal/fatal acute myocardial infarction or stroke, and HF hospitalization. Therefore, the entire patient cohort was divided into 2 groups with (n = 76) and without (n = 77) composite CV outcomes. We found that the concentrations of NT-proBNP were higher in HF patients with T2DM who had a CV composite outcome than in patients without CV composite outcome (p = 0.001). In contrast, the relationship was exactly reversed for irisin, as HF and T2DM patients with CV composite outcome had significantly lower irisin levels (p = 0.001). Unadjusted multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that LVEF < 40%, LAVI > 39 ml/m2, NT-proBNP > 2,250 pmol/ml, and irisin < 6.50 ng/ml were the strongest predictors of CV outcomes in HF patients with T2DM. After adjustment for LVEF, serum levels of NT-proBNP and irisin remained independent predictors of end points. Furthermore, divergence of Kaplan-Meier curves pointed out that patients with NT-proBNP > 2,250 pmol/ml and irisin < 6.50 ng/ml had worse prognosis than those with any other compartment of the bomarkers’ levels.Conclusion: Adding irisin to NT-proBNP significantly improved discriminative value of the whole model. HF patients with T2DM had significantly worse clinical outcomes when showing the constellation NT-proBNP > 2,250 pmol/ml and irisin < 6.50 ng/ml, respectively, in comparison to patients with opposite trends for both biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IIDivision of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ivan M. Fushtey
- Department of Therapy and Endocrinology, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University of Zaporozhye, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Alexander E. Berezin,
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:811751. [PMID: 35250869 PMCID: PMC8892203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.811751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.
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Kawao N, Kawaguchi M, Ohira T, Ehara H, Mizukami Y, Takafuji Y, Kaji H. Renal failure suppresses muscle irisin expression, and irisin blunts cortical bone loss in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:758-771. [PMID: 34997830 PMCID: PMC8818650 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure induces bone mineral disorders and sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle affects other tissues, including bone, by releasing myokines. However, the effects of chronic renal failure on the interactions between muscle and bone remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of renal failure on bone, muscle, and myokines linking muscle to bone using a mouse 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) model. Muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) were analysed by quantitative computed tomography 8 weeks after Nx. RESULTS Nephrectomy significantly reduced muscle mass in the whole body (12.1% reduction, P < 0.05), grip strength (10.1% reduction, P < 0.05), and cortical BMD at the femurs of mice (9.5% reduction, P < 0.01) 8 weeks after surgery, but did not affect trabecular BMD at the femurs. Among the myokines linking muscle to bone, Nx reduced the expression of irisin, a proteolytic product of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5), in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice (38% reduction, P < 0.01). Nx increased myostatin mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice (54% increase, P < 0.01). In simple regression analyses, cortical BMD, but not trabecular BMD, at the femurs was positively related to Fndc5 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice (r = 0.651, P < 0.05). The weekly administration of recombinant irisin to mice ameliorated the decrease in cortical BMD, but not muscle mass or grip strength, induced by Nx (6.2% reduction in mice with Nx vs. 3.3% reduction in mice with Nx and irisin treatment, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrated that renal failure decreases the expression of irisin in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Irisin may contribute to cortical bone loss induced by renal failure in mice as a myokine linking muscle to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ehara
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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15
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Zhao R. Irisin at the crossroads of inter-organ communications: Challenge and implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:989135. [PMID: 36267573 PMCID: PMC9578559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.989135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of organs are intercommunicated occurring through secreted molecules. That exercise can improve the physiological function of organs or tissues is believed by secreting myokines from muscle to target remote organs. However, the underlying mechanism how exercise regulates the inter-organ communications remains incompletely understood yet. A recently identified myokine-irisin, primarily found in muscle and adipose and subsequently extending to bone, heart, liver and brain, provides a new molecular evidence for the inter-organ communications. It is secreted under the regulation of exercise and mediates the intercommunications between exercise and organs. To best our understanding of the regulatory mechanism, this review discusses the recent evidence involving the potential molecular pathways of the inter-organ communications, and the interactions between signalings and irisin in regulating the impact of exercise on organ functions are also discussed.
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16
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Gries KJ, Zysik VS, Jobe TK, Griffin N, Leeds BP, Lowery JW. Muscle-derived factors influencing bone metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 123:57-63. [PMID: 34756782 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A significant amount of attention has been brought to the endocrine-like function of skeletal muscle on various tissues, particularly with bone. Several lines of investigation indicate that the physiology of both bone and muscle systems may be regulated by a given stimulus, such as exercise, aging, and inactivity. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that bone is heavily influenced by soluble factors derived from skeletal muscle (i.e., muscle-to-bone communication). The purpose of this review is to discuss the regulation of bone remodeling (formation and/or resorption) through skeletal muscle-derived cytokines (hereafter myokines) including the anti-inflammatory cytokine METRNL and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, FGF-2 and others). Our goal is to highlight possible therapeutic opportunities to improve muscle and bone health in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Gries
- Program in Exercise & Sports Science, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Bone & Muscle Research Group, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA.
| | - Victoria S Zysik
- Bone & Muscle Research Group, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Tyler K Jobe
- Program in Exercise & Sports Science, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Nicole Griffin
- Bone & Muscle Research Group, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Benjamin P Leeds
- Bone & Muscle Research Group, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Division of Clinical Affairs, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lowery
- Bone & Muscle Research Group, Marian University, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
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Gaudio A, Rapisarda R, Xourafa A, Zanoli L, Manfrè V, Catalano A, Signorelli SS, Castellino P. Effects of competitive physical activity on serum irisin levels and bone turnover markers. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2235-2241. [PMID: 33675533 PMCID: PMC8421288 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, a myokine, is a polypeptide derived from the cleavage of the extracellular domain of fibronectin domain-containing protein 5, a receptor that is present on different tissues (skeletal muscle, pericardium, myocardium, and brain), whose functions are not yet fully defined. PURPOSE The main aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of competitive physical activity on serum irisin levels and bone turnover markers. METHODS Fifteen male footballers and an equal number of subjects of the same age and gender, but with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, had their serum levels of irisin and bone turnover markers measured. Bone mineral status was evaluated in both groups by quantitative bone ultrasound of the calcaneus. In addition, only in footballers, biochemical analyses were repeated after 3 months. RESULTS We did not observe significant differences in the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone between the two groups. The footballers had significantly higher quantitative bone ultrasound, 25-OH vitamin D, and creatinine values than the controls. There were also no significant differences in the bone alkaline phosphatase, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteoprotegerin, sclerostin or Dkk-1 values, while the irisin levels (+ 89%, p < 0.001) and RANKL were significantly higher in the footballers compared to those in the controls. CONCLUSION Our study shows that footballers have significantly higher serum irisin values than the general population. Irisin could be the "trait d'union" between bone health and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - R Rapisarda
- AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - A Xourafa
- AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - L Zanoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - V Manfrè
- Clinica del Mediterraneo, Ragusa, Italy
| | - A Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - P Castellino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Liu K, Jing P, Liu Z, Wang Y, Han Z, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Wu Y, Wang T, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang L. Serum levels of irisin in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic hip fractures. Cytokine 2021; 148:155708. [PMID: 34560610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of circulating serum levels of irisin in predicting hip fracture occurrence in a cohort of Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a cross-section and case-control study. Four hundred and thirty postmenopausal women aged 50-90 years were included (215 with hip fractures and 215 age-matched cases without fracture). Clinical features, bone mineral density (BMD) and serum biomarkers levels including irisin were measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between irisin and fracture risk. RESULTS The mean age of those participants was 68.7 (S.D. 11.7) and 53.0% were order than 65. The irisin serum levels were positively related to total body BMD and total hip BMD. Women with hip fractures showed lower mean serum levels of irisin compared normal control women (457.6 ± 172.6 ng/ml vs. 602.2 ng/ml; P < 0.001). The irisin levels in third and fourth quartiles were associated with the risk of hip fracture (the lowest quartile of irisin levels as the reference), and risk of fracture reduced by 67% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.33; 95 %CI: 0.18-0.54; P < 0.001) and 84% (HR = 0.16; 95 %CI: 0.09-0.29; P < 0.001). The irisin levels in third and fourth quartiles were also associated with the risk of osteoporosis, and risk of fracture reduced by 55% (HR = 0.45; 95 %CI: 0.21-0.63; P = 0.003) and 73% (HR = 0.27; 95 %CI: 0.15-0.47; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Decreased serum levels of circulating irisin are associated with high risk of osteoporosis-related hip fractures and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengwei Jing
- Articulation Surgery and Sport Medicine Ward, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, China
| | - Zehan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, China
| | - Zhu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhirui Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Articulation Surgery and Sport Medicine Ward, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Articulation Surgery and Sport Medicine Ward, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang Forestry General Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Lichun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Kajiki Y, Tsuji H, Misawa H, Nakahara R, Tetsunaga T, Yamane K, Oda Y, Takao S, Ozaki T. Psoas muscle index predicts osteoporosis and fracture risk in individuals with degenerative spinal disease. Nutrition 2021; 93:111428. [PMID: 34474186 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscle loss and osteoporosis are major medical and socioeconomic concerns as the global population ages. Studies have reported that skeletal muscle mass correlates to bone mineral density (BMD). The psoas muscle index (PMI), measured as the L3 cross-sectional areas of the right and left psoas divided by the square of height, has a positive correlation with the total volume of skeletal muscle in the body. This study aimed to evaluate relationships between PMI and BMD and fracture risk estimated by the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). METHODS Preoperatively acquired, plain computed tomography images at the L3 level were used to measure PMI in 87 people with degenerative spinal diseases. We evaluated the correlation between PMI and BMD and fracture risk estimated by FRAX. RESULTS PMI was significantly correlated with BMD in the entire lumbar spine and femoral neck (r = 0.413 and 0.525, both P < 0.001). People with osteoporosis showed significantly lower PMI than those without (P < 0.05). PMI was also significantly correlated with FRAX score (r = -0.545, P < 0.001). Furthermore, based on the recommendation of osteoporosis treatment, participants were divided into two groups: FRAX ≥15% (R group) and FRAX <15% (C group). The R group showed significantly lower PMI than the C group (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that PMI has moderate accuracy in diagnosing osteoporosis and FRAX ≥15%. CONCLUSIONS PMI was significantly associated with BMD and fracture risk. PMI measurement is straightforward and may increase the diagnosis rate of osteoporosis and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kajiki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hironori Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Haruo Misawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tetsunaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Yang F, Wang Z, Li B, He Y, Du F, Tian S, Zhang Y, Yang Y. Irisin Enhances Angiogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Cardiac Function in Myocardial Infarction via PI3k/Akt Activation. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:455-464. [PMID: 34456190 PMCID: PMC8611314 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives With the growing incidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI), angiogenesis is vital for cardiac function post-MI. The role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in angiogenesis has been previously confirmed. Irisin is considered a potential vector for angiogenesis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential role of irisin in the angiogenesis of BMSCs. Methods and Results In vivo, irisin-treated BMSCs (BMSCs+irisin) were transplanted into an MI mouse model. On day 28 post-MI, blood vessel markers were detected, and cardiac function and infarct areas of mice were evaluated. In vitro, paracrine effects were assessed by examining tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with the BMSCs+irisin supernatant. The scratch wound-healing assay was performed to evaluate HUVEC migration. Western blotting was performed to determine PI3k/Akt pathway activation in the BMSCs+irisin group. Transplantation of BMSCs+irisin promoted greater angiogenesis, resulting in better cardiac function in the MI mouse model than in controls. In the BMSC+irisin group, HUVECs demonstrated enhanced tube formation and migration. Activation of the PI3k/Akt pathway was found to be involved in mediating the role of irisin in the angiogenesis of BMSCs. Conclusions In cardiovascular diseases such as MI, irisin administration can enhance angiogenesis of BMSCs and promote cardiac function via the PI3k/Akt pathway, optimizing the therapeutic effect based on BMSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Youfu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Fawang Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shui Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xixiu District People's Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Yongyao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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21
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Cheng ZB, Huang L, Xiao X, Sun JX, Zou ZK, Jiang JF, Lu C, Zhang HY, Zhang C. Irisin in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:158-166. [PMID: 34425103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, has been shown to play important roles in increasing white adipose tissue browning, regulating energy metabolism and improving insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests a direct role for irisin in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) by inhibiting oxidative stress, improving dyslipidemia, facilitating anti-inflammation, reducing cellular damage and recovering endothelial function. In addition, some studies have noted that serum irisin levels play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk prediction, highlighting that irisin has the potential to be a useful predictive marker and therapeutic target of AS, especially in monitoring therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the understanding of irisin-mediated regulation in essential biological pathways and functions in atherosclerosis and prompts further exploitation of the biological properties of irisin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Kai Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Cariati I, Bonanni R, Onorato F, Mastrogregori A, Rossi D, Iundusi R, Gasbarra E, Tancredi V, Tarantino U. Role of Physical Activity in Bone-Muscle Crosstalk: Biological Aspects and Clinical Implications. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:55. [PMID: 34205747 PMCID: PMC8293201 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle tissues influence each other through the integration of mechanical and biochemical signals, giving rise to bone-muscle crosstalk. They are also known to secrete osteokines, myokines, and cytokines into the circulation, influencing the biological and pathological activities in local and distant organs and cells. In this regard, even osteoporosis and sarcopenia, which were initially thought to be two independent diseases, have recently been defined under the term "osteosarcopenia", to indicate a synergistic condition of low bone mass with muscle atrophy and hypofunction. Undoubtedly, osteosarcopenia is a major public health concern, being associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The best current defence against osteosarcopenia is prevention based on a healthy lifestyle and regular exercise. The most appropriate type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise to positively influence osteosarcopenia are not yet known. However, combined programmes of progressive resistance exercises, weight-bearing impact exercises, and challenging balance/mobility activities currently appear to be the most effective in optimising musculoskeletal health and function. Based on this evidence, the aim of our review was to summarize the current knowledge about the role of exercise in bone-muscle crosstalk, highlighting how it may represent an effective alternative strategy to prevent and/or counteract the onset of osteosarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- PhD in Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Federica Onorato
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (A.M.); (D.R.); (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Ambra Mastrogregori
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (A.M.); (D.R.); (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Danilo Rossi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (A.M.); (D.R.); (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Riccardo Iundusi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (A.M.); (D.R.); (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Gasbarra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (A.M.); (D.R.); (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.T.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (A.M.); (D.R.); (R.I.); (E.G.)
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23
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Li Z, Tian Y, Zhang L, Zhang T, Wang P, Wang J. Type II collagen from squid cartilage mediated myogenic IGF-I and irisin to activate the Ihh/PThrp and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote fracture healing in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:6502-6512. [PMID: 34080588 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fractures are the most common large-organ, traumatic injury in humans. The fracture healing stage includes the inflammatory stage (0-5d), cartilage callus stage (5-14d) and hard callus stage (14-21d). All mice underwent open tibial fracture surgery and were treated with saline, Glu or SCII for 21d. Calluses were harvested 5d, 10d and 21d after fracture. Compared with the model group, SCII significantly decreased TNF-α and increased aggrecan serum levels by 5d. H&E results showed that fibrous calluses were already formed in the SCII group and that chondrocytes had begun to proliferate. By 10d, the chondrocytes in the SCII group became hypertrophic and mineralized, and the serum TGF-β and Col-Iα levels were significantly increased, which indicated that the mice with SCII treatment rapidly passed the cartilage repair period and new bone formation was accelerated. Skeletal muscle repaired bones through muscle paracrine factors. IGF-1 and irisin are the two major secretory cytokines. The results showed that the content of muscle homogenate IGF-1 in the SCII group reached the peak at 10d, followed by the up-regulation of Ihh, Patched, Gli1 and Col10α in the callus through the bone surface receptor IGF-1R. Besides, SCII also significantly elevated the muscle irisin level (10 and 21d), and then increased Wnt10b, LRP5, β-catenin and Runx2 expression in the callus by receptor αVβ5. These results suggest that SCII can accelerate the process of endochondral osteogenesis and promote fracture healing through activating the Ihh/PThrp and Wnt/β-catenin pathways by regulating muscle paracrine factors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of marine-derived collagen on fracture healing. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the high-value application of the laryngeal cartilage of squid in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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24
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Leal DV, Ferreira A, Watson EL, Wilund KR, Viana JL. Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Potential Modulatory Effects of Exercise. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:461-475. [PMID: 33388899 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent worldwide public burden that increasingly compromises overall health as the disease progresses. Two of the most negatively affected tissues are bone and skeletal muscle, with CKD negatively impacting their structure, function and activity, impairing the quality of life of these patients and contributing to morbidity and mortality. Whereas skeletal health in this population has conventionally been associated with bone and mineral disorders, sarcopenia has been observed to impact skeletal muscle health in CKD. Indeed, bone and muscle tissues are linked anatomically and physiologically, and together regulate functional and metabolic mechanisms. With the initial crosstalk between the skeleton and muscle proposed to explain bone formation through muscle contraction, it is now understood that this communication occurs through the interaction of myokines and osteokines, with the skeletal muscle secretome playing a pivotal role in the regulation of bone activity. Regular exercise has been reported to be beneficial to overall health. Also, the positive regulatory effect that exercise has been proposed to have on bone and muscle anatomical, functional, and metabolic activity has led to the proposal of regular physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy for muscle and bone-related disorders. The detection of bone- and muscle-derived cytokine secretion following physical exercise has strengthened the idea of a cross communication between these organs. Hence, this review presents an overview of the impact of CKD in bone and skeletal muscle, and narrates how these tissues intrinsically communicate with each other, with focus on the potential effect of exercise in the modulation of this intercommunication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo V Leal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Aníbal Ferreira
- Department of Nephrology, Curry Cabral Hospital, Hospital Centre of Central Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emma L Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kenneth R Wilund
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - João L Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal.
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25
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Xu X, Xu N, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen L, Zhang S, Chen J, Deng H, Luan X, Shen J. The longitudinal associations between bone mineral density and appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chinese community-dwelling middle aged and elderly men. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10753. [PMID: 33552737 PMCID: PMC7821753 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations between bone mineral densities (BMDs) and appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass in different regions of the body using three different indicators, in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly men. Methods A total of 1,343 men aged ≥ 40 years from a Chinese community were assessed at baseline (2014-2016), one-year follow-up (2016-2017; n = 648), two-year follow-up (2017-2018; n = 407), and three-year follow up (2018-2019; n = 208). At all the four time-points, measurements included ASM mass and BMDs for all regions of the body using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A questionnaire was completed by patients and biochemical markers were assessed. We applied three different indicators to define ASM mass or lean mass respectively, including the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASM adjusted by height, ASMI, according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia), skeletal muscle index (ASM adjusted by weight, SMI, according to the International Working Group on Sarcopenia), and the appendicular skeletal muscle/body mass index (ratio of ASM and Body mass index (BMI), ASM/BMI, according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health). After adjusting for potential confounders, the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to analyze the trend in ASM mass over time, and to test the association between ASM mass and regional and whole-body BMDs. Results The incidence of low lean mass was 8.2% defined by ASMI, 16.3% defined by SMI, and 8.3% defined by ASM/BMI. There was a linear relationship between BMDs and ASM mass, and ASMI, ASM/BMI, and SMI gradually decreased with time. After adjusting for covariances, GAMM analysis determined longitudinal associations between BMDs and ASM mass by three indicators respectively: the skull BMD was negatively associated with ASM mass. For each unit increase in skull BMD, ASMI decreased by 0.28 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.39 to -0.16]), ASM/BMI decreased by 0.02 m2 (95% CI [-0.03 to -0.00]), and SMI decreased by 0.01% (95% CI[-0.01 to -0.00]). The remaining parameters (including whole-body mean BMD, thoracic spinal BMD, lumbar spinal BMD, hip BMD, femoral neck BMD, pelvic BMD, left arm BMD, right arm BMD, left leg BMD, right leg BMD) were positively correlated with ASM mass. The ASMI increased by 3.07 kg/m2for each unit increase in the femoral neck BMD (95% CI [2.31-3.84]). The ASM/BMI increased by 0.22 m2for each unit increase in the left arm BMD (95% CI [0.12-0.33]), and the SMI increased by 0.05% per unit increase in the left arm BMD (95% CI [0.02-0.08]). Conclusions Compared to ASMI and ASM/BMI, SMI was more sensitive to screen for the low lean mass. Skull BMD was negatively associated with ASM mass, while BMDs throughout the rest of the body were positively correlated with ASM mass among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lushi Chen
- Department of Health Care, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengjian Zhang
- Department of Health Care, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Xiaojun Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Śliwicka E, Cisoń T, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Ł, Ziemba A, Straburzyńska-Lupa A. Effects of marathon race on selected myokines and sclerostin in middle-aged male amateur runners. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2813. [PMID: 33531538 PMCID: PMC7854637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the homeostatic response to extreme exercises, especially in the integrated function of muscle and bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a marathon race on selected myokines and sclerostin in 10 male recreational runners (mean age 41 ± 7.7 years). Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and the serum concentration of myostatin, irisin, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), high-sensitivity interleukin-6 (hsIL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and myoglobin, were determined 24 h before and 24 h and 72 h after a marathon race. Post-marathon increases were observed in the levels of myostatin (1.2-fold), OPG (1.5-fold), and PTH (1.3-fold), hsIL-6 (1.9-fold), myoglobin (4.1-fold), hsCRP (fivefold), TNFα (2.6-fold), after 24 h; and in myostatin (1.2-fold), irisin (1.1-fold), sclerostin (1.3-fold), OPG (1.3-fold), and PTH (1.4-fold), hsIL-6 (1.4-fold), TNFα (1.9-fold), after 72 h compared to the baseline level. The results show that in response to the marathon run, a complex network of endocrine interactions is initiated. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term impact of prolonged high intensity exercise on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Śliwicka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Str. 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Cisoń
- Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Applied Science in Nowy Sącz, Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Sport, The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ziemba
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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27
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Zhou SJ, Wang XX, Tang W, Han QF, He L, Zhang AH. Lower Serum Irisin Levels Are Associated with Increased Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:219-226. [PMID: 34179117 DOI: 10.1159/000512514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vascular calcification (VC), with the mechanisms remaining unclear, is closely related with dialysis patients' cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Irisin is a newly identified myokine. This study aims to evaluate the serum irisin levels of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and their relationship with VC. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled stable PD patients in Peking University Third Hospital who were followed for >6 months. We used plain X-ray films of abdomen to quantitatively evaluate VC of abdominal aorta. VC was evaluated by abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) scores, and PD patients were divided into the high AAC score group (AAC score ≥4) and the low AAC score group (AAC score <4). Demographic data and laboratory indexes were collected. Serum irisin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 102 PD patients were enrolled in this study, and 52 patients (51.0%) were found to have a high AAC score of ≥4. Age, diabetic mellitus proportion, pulse pressure, hypercalcemia (corrected calcium >2.54 mmol/L) rate, serum ultrasensitive C reactive protein, and AAC scores were significantly higher in the high AAC score group than those of the low AAC score group (p < 0.05). The high AAC score group had lower diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin, and serum carbon dioxide combining power compared with the low AAC score group (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels of PD patients with a high AAC score were significantly lower than those of PD patients with a low AAC score (109.7 ± 13.1 ng/mL vs. 115.9 ± 10.1 ng/mL, p = 0.010). The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that serum irisin, diabetic mellitus, serum ultrasensitive C reactive protein, and age were independent factors influencing the occurrence of VC in PD patients. Conclusion Our results are the first to provide a clinical evidence of the association between serum irisin and abdominal aortic calcification in PD patients. Lower irisin levels, diabetic mellitus, higher serum ultrasensitive C reactive protein, and older age could be potential predictive factors for VC in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Feng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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28
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The effect of Irisin on bone cells in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:477-484. [PMID: 33449117 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The myokine Irisin, produced during physical exercise, has an anabolic effect on bone, both in vitro and in vivo. Very recently, using a controlled in vitro 3D cell model to mimic the bone microenvironment aboard the International Space Station, it has been shown that Irisin treatment in microgravity prevents the down-regulation of the transcription factors Atf4, Runx2 and Osterix, as well as Collagen I and Osteoprotegerin proteins, crucial for osteoblast differentiation in physiologic conditions. Irisin action has also been investigated in human subjects, in which it correlates with bone health status, supporting its physiological importance also in human bone, both in healthy subjects and in patients suffering from diseases related to bone metabolism, such as hyperparathyroidism and type 1 diabetes. Low levels of circulating Irisin have been found in post-menopausal women affected by hyperparathyroidism. Furthermore, Irisin is positively correlated with bone strength in athletes and bone mineral density in football players. Moreover, in healthy children, Irisin is positively associated with bone mineral status and in children with type 1 diabetes, Irisin is positively correlated with improved glycemic control and skeletal health. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about Irisin action on microgravity induced bone loss and on osteocyte activity and survival through its αV/β5 integrin receptor.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia describes low muscle mass and strength associated with ageing, whilst reduced physical performance indicates the severity of the condition. It can happen independently of other medical conditions and can be a key feature of the frailty phenotype. Frailty is a syndrome of increased vulnerability to incomplete resolution of homeostasis, following a stressor event. Researchers have described the implications of hypothalamic pituitary dysregulation in the pathogenesis of both entities. This review summarizes the recent evidence in this area as well as other endocrine factors such as insulin resistance and vitamin D status and outlines current research priorities. We conducted searches to PubMed and Embase databases for articles, reviews and studies reporting new data on the interaction between hormones of the endocrine system and frailty and/ or sarcopenia in the last 5 years. Interventional studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and animal studies were included. Clinical trials register was also searched to identify ongoing relevant studies. Studies have given us insights into the complex relationships between factors such as anabolic hormones, glucocorticoids and vitamin D on muscle strength and performance and their involvement in ageing phenotypes. However, robust randomized controlled trials are needed to consolidate existing evidence in humans and inform clinical practice. Current evidence supports hormone replacement in patients with confirmed deficiencies, to optimize health and prevent complications. Hormone replacement has limited use for age-related conditions. Current interest is focused on muscle/bone/fat interactions and health outcomes in "sarcopenic obesity." A life-course approach to improving 'health-span' is advocated. Lifestyle factors such as nutrition and physical activity have important interactions with body composition, physical function and metabolic outcomes. Large-scale clinical trials will determine the efficacy and long-term safety of hormone supplementation in the management of sarcopenia and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Kamwa
- Musculoskeletal Endocrinology Research Group, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK - .,Academic Metabolic Bone Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK - .,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK -
| | - Carly Welch
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zaki K Hassan-Smith
- Musculoskeletal Endocrinology Research Group, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Metabolic Bone Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ghayomzadeh M, Earnest CP, Hackett D, SeyedAlinaghi S, Navalta JW, Gholami M, Hosseini Rouzbahani N, Mohraz M, Voltarelli FA. Combination of resistance and aerobic exercise for six months improves bone mass and physical function in HIV infected individuals: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:720-732. [PMID: 33185897 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of combined resistance and aerobic training (RT+AT) on regional bone mineral density (BMD) and physical performance in people living with HIV (PLWH). Forty PLWH (20 men and 20 women) were randomized into RT+AT group (n = 20; age = 38.3 ± 4.9) or non-exercise control group (n = 20; age = 37.9 ± 5.1). The RT+AT group was required to perform a nonlinear periodized resistance training program targeting large muscle groups followed by 20 min aerobic exercise at 65-80% of maximal heart rate. Participants in RT+AT performed three supervised sessions per week for 6-months, whereas participants in the control group were instructed to continue with their current lifestyle habits. The primary outcome was bone mineral density (lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, and distal 1/3 radius). Secondary outcomes included physical function, anthropometry, inflammatory markers, and growth factors. The RT+AT group demonstrated a significant increase in BMD at follow-up for the Lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, and 1/3 radius (all, P < .05), and There were no gender differences in the training response between men and women for any of the BMD regions. Similar findings were also observed for lean body mass, IGF1and Adiponectin (P < .001). We observed a decrease in percent body fat, fat mass, IL-6, TNF-α, and myostatin in the RT+AT group (P < .001). Finally, there was a significant increase in handgrip strength and gait speed for both women and men in the RT+AT group (P < .001). A combination of resistance and aerobic training appears to be a feasible and effective means for counteracting bone loss and improving various inflammatory markers, physical function, and growth hormones in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ghayomzadeh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia.,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - James Wilfred Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Mohammad Gholami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Hosseini Rouzbahani
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiab'a, Brazil
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Chen W, Wang L, You W, Shan T. Myokines mediate the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2393-2412. [PMID: 32885426 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myokines are muscle-derived cytokines and chemokines that act extensively on organs and exert beneficial metabolic functions in the whole-body through specific signal networks. Myokines as mediators provide the conceptual basis for a whole new paradigm useful for understanding how skeletal muscle communicates with other organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss classes of myokines and their physiological functions in mediating the regulatory roles of skeletal muscle on other organs and the regulation of the whole-body energy metabolism. We review the mechanisms involved in the interaction between skeletal muscle and nonmuscle organs through myokines. Moreover, we clarify the connection between exercise, myokines and disease development, which may contribute to the understanding of a potential mechanism by which physical inactivity affects the process of metabolic diseases via myokines. Based on the current findings, myokines are important factors that mediate the effect of skeletal muscle on other organ functions and whole-body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Luo Y, Jiang K, He M. Association between grip strength and bone mineral density in general US population of NHANES 2013-2014. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:47. [PMID: 32173776 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Association between strength of nonadjacent muscles and bone mineral density is unclear. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to convince the effect of grip strength on femoral neck and lumbar spine mineral density in the general US population. This research can broaden the area of muscle-bone interaction. INTRODUCTION Grip test measures the maximum isotonic strength of hand and forearm and is often used as an indicator of general muscle strength. Muscle has been shown to exert positive effects on bone health, and studies are needed to test whether grip strength can be associated with bone mineral density of nonadjacent bones. The aim of this study is to assess whether grip strength is an independent predictor for bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and total lumbar spine in the general US population. METHODS We used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014, and 1850 participants aged from 40 to 80 years old were included in the analysis. Grip strength was recorded as the largest reading of three efforts of one's dominant hand using a handgrip dynamometer. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs were measured through Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were done to examine the association between grip strength and BMDs. RESULTS After adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), use of female hormones, smoking habit, drinking habit, family history of osteoporosis, use of calcium and vitamin D supplements, physical activity, serum calcium, and phosphorus levels, grip strength is associated with increased femoral neck and total lumbar spine BMDs in men (P < 0.001, P = 0.005), premenopausal women (P = 0.040, P = 0.014), and postmenopausal women (P = 0.016, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (1) grip strength can be associated with BMD of nonadjacent bones, and (2) grip strength of dominant hand can be an indicator of BMD in the general US population across genders and menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510000
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, 430022
| | - Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510000. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, 430022.
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Iemura S, Kawao N, Okumoto K, Akagi M, Kaji H. Role of irisin in androgen-deficient muscle wasting and osteopenia in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:161-171. [PMID: 31494773 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deficiency plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of male osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Myokines have recently been identified as humoral factors that are involved in the interactions between muscle and bone; however, the influence of androgen deficiency on these interactions remains unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the roles of humoral factors linking muscle to bone using orchidectomized mice with sarcopenia and osteopenia. Orchidectomy (ORX) significantly reduced muscle mass, grip strength, and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) in mice. Among the myokines examined, ORX only significantly reduced fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5) mRNA levels in both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice. In simple regression analyses, Fndc5 mRNA levels in the soleus muscle positively correlated with trabecular BMD, but not cortical BMD. The administration of irisin, a product of Fndc5, significantly protected against the decrease induced in trabecular BMD, but not muscle mass, by androgen deficiency in mice. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that androgen deficiency decreases the expression of irisin in the skeletal muscle of mice. Irisin may be involved in muscle/bone relationships negatively affected by androgen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunki Iemura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to highlight the deficits in muscle and bone in children with cerebral palsy (CP), discuss the muscle-bone relationship in the CP population, and identify muscle-based intervention strategies that may stimulate an improvement in their bone development. RECENT FINDINGS The latest research suggests that muscle and bone are both severely underdeveloped and weak in children with CP, even in ambulatory children with mild forms of the disorder. The small and low-performing muscles and limited participation in physical activity are likely the major contributors to the poor bone development in children with CP. However, the muscle-bone relationship may be complicated by other factors, such as a high degree of fat and collagen infiltration of muscle, atypical muscle activation, and muscle spasticity. Muscle-based interventions, such as resistance training, vibration, and nutritional supplementation, have the potential to improve bone development in children with CP, especially if they are initiated before puberty. Studies are needed to identify the muscle-related factors with the greatest influence on bone development in children with CP. Identifying treatment strategies that capitalize on the relationship between muscle and bone, while also improving balance, coordination, and physical activity participation, is an important step toward increasing bone strength and minimizing fractures in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Modlesky
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Room 353, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Room 353, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Murao M, Imano T, Akiyama J, Kawakami T, Nakajima M. Effect of single bout downhill running on the serum irisin concentrations in rats. Growth Factors 2019; 37:257-262. [PMID: 32200682 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1742118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effect of different running modes on serum irisin concentrations in rats. A total of 18, 10-week-old rats were divided into three groups; control group, 16° uphill running group (concentric exercise; CON) and, -16° downhill running group (eccentric exercise; ECC). The running group's rats ran on the inclined treadmill at 16 m/min, for a total of 90 min. Blood was drawn from the rats, 48 h after running, after which the rats were anesthetized. The serum concentrations of irisin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Vastus intermedius was collected for immunohistochemical analysis. After multiple comparisons, the ECC showed a significantly high serum irisin concentration (ECC: 28.42 ± 6.31 ng/ml, CON: 21.27 ± 3.03 ng/ml) and a larger irisin antibody reactive cross-sectional area in vastus intermedius compared to the CON (p < 0.05). This is the first study to reveal that single bout downhill running increases serum irisin concentrations in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Murao
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Imano
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukuyama Medical College, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kawakami
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
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Kang YS, Noh EB, Kim SH. Effects of ursolic acid on muscle mass and bone microstructure in rats with casting-induced muscle atrophy. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:45-49. [PMID: 31743975 PMCID: PMC6823650 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Physical Activity and Sports-Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050127. [PMID: 31126126 PMCID: PMC6572041 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less alcohol consumption. Negative effects, such as the risk of failure, injuries, eating disorders, and burnout, are also apparent. Because physical activity is increasingly conducted in an organized manner, sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health. In this paper, we intend to describe sport’s physiological and psychosocial health benefits, stemming both from physical activity and from sport participation per se. This narrative review summarizes research and presents health-related data from Swedish authorities. It is discussed that our daily lives are becoming less physically active, while organized exercise and training increases. Average energy intake is increasing, creating an energy surplus, and thus, we are seeing an increasing number of people who are overweight, which is a strong contributor to health problems. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety- or stress-related disease. In conclusion, sports can be evolving, if personal capacities, social situation, and biological and psychological maturation are taken into account. Evidence suggests a dose–response relationship such that being active, even to a modest level, is superior to being inactive or sedentary. Recommendations for healthy sports are summarized.
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Bonewald L. Use it or lose it to age: A review of bone and muscle communication. Bone 2019; 120:212-218. [PMID: 30408611 PMCID: PMC6360108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, it was assumed that the only interaction between muscle and bone is mechanical, that the muscle acts as a pulley and the bone as a lever to move the organism. A relatively new concept is that muscle, especially contracted muscle, acts as a secretory organ, regulating metabolism. An even newer concept is that bone, especially the osteocytes in bone, act as endocrine cells targeting other organs such as kidney and more recently, muscle. These two new concepts logically led to the third concept: that muscle and bone communicate via soluble factors. Crosstalk occurs through muscle factors such as myostatin, irisin, and a muscle metabolite, β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA, and through bone factors such as osteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta, TGFβ, Prostaglandin E2, PGE2 and Wnts. Some of these factors have positive and some negative effects on the opposing tissue. One feature both bone and muscle have in common is that their tissues are mechanically loaded and many of their secreted factors are regulated by load. This mechanical loading, also known as exercise, has beneficial effects on many systems leading to the hypothesis that muscle and bone factors can be responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise. Many of the characteristics of aging and diseases associated with aging such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis and neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia, are delayed by exercise. This beneficial effect has been ascribed to increased blood flow increasing oxygen and nutrients, but could also be due to the secretome of the musculoskeletal system as outlined in this review.
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Martínez Muñoz IY, Camarillo Romero EDS, Correa Padilla T, Santillán Benítez JG, Camarillo Romero MDS, Montenegro Morales LP, Bravo GGH, Garduño García JDJ. Association of Irisin Serum Concentration and Muscle Strength in Normal-Weight and Overweight Young Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:621. [PMID: 31572302 PMCID: PMC6753374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Irisin is a muscle-contraction-induced myokine. In previous studies, it has been related to exercise type, fitness and physical activity; however, evidence is not consistent. Thus, the aim of this study was to research the association between health-related fitness and irisin in young women. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional one. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women were enlisted. The sample comprised 40 overweight (OW) and 40 normal-weight (NW) individuals. The average age was 18.63 ± 0.63 and 18.78 ± 0.73 years, respectively. Components of health-related fitness, metabolic parameters, serum irisin and body composition were analyzed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in physical tests between NW and OW groups for one-leg standing, hand grip strength, vertical jump, modified push-up, fitness index and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX). There were no differences in concentrations of serum irisin between the groups. We found a positive correlation between irisin and hand grip strength (r = 0.374, p = 0.023). In a multivariate analysis adjusted by body fat, a significant association between irisin and hand grip strength was observed in OW group (β = 0.380, p = 0.026); as well, a positive association between irisin and one-leg standing test in NW group (β = 0.311, p = 0.044) was found. Conclusions: According to our findings, hand grip strength could be linked to irisin concentration in overweight young women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eneida del Socorro Camarillo Romero
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca, Mexico
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José de Jesús Garduño García
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca, Mexico
- Regional General Hospital No. 251, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Toluca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José de Jesús Garduño García
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40
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Saadeldin MK, Elshaer SS, Emara IA, Maged M, Abdel-Aziz AK. Serum sclerostin and irisin as predictive markers for atherosclerosis in Egyptian type II diabetic female patients: A case control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206761. [PMID: 30403705 PMCID: PMC6221312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents a major independent risk factor for developing fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) presumably through accelerating atherosclerosis; the underlying cause of most CVDs. Notably, this relative risk is reported to be higher in women than men. Endeavors directed towards identifying novel reliable predictive biomarkers are immensely thereby urged to improve the long-term outcome in these diabetic female patients. Sclerostin (SOST) is a Wnt signaling antagonist whereas irisin is a muscle-derived factor released after exercising which enhances browning of white adipose tissue. Emerging lines of evidence hint at potential crosstalk between them and CVDs. The present study aimed to assess the serum levels of SOST and irisin in Egyptian type 2 diabetic (T2DM) female patients with and without atherosclerosis and explore the possible relationship between both markers and other studied parameters among the studied cohorts. In this case-control study, 69 female subjects were enrolled; 39 type 2 diabetes patients with atherosclerosis (T2DM+ATHR), 22 type 2 diabetes patients without atherosclerosis (T2DM-ATHR) and 8 healthy controls. Their serum levels of SOST and irisin were assessed using ELISA. Significant increase in SOST levels were found in T2DM+ATHR compared to T2DM-ATHR and control (259.9 ±17.98 vs. 165.8±13.12 and 142.0±13.31 pg/mL respectively, P<0.001). Conversely, irisin levels were significantly lower in T2DM+ATHR (P<0.001) and T2DM-ATHR (P<0.01) compared to the control group (32.91±2.545 and 58.55±13.19 vs. 473.6±112.7 pg/mL). Interestingly, significant correlations between the levels of SOST and both irisin and fasting blood glucose were noticed in T2DM+ATHR group (r = 0.3754 and 0.3381 respectively, P<0.05). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the correlation between SOST and irisin levels in atherosclerotic T2DM female patients implying their potential implication in diabetic cardiovascular pathophysiology and supporting their use as reliable diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for monitoring and preventing CVDs progression of T2DM female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kamal Saadeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 October City, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail: (MKS); (SSE)
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail: (MKS); (SSE)
| | - Ibrahim Ali Emara
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Maged
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu LF, Zhu DC, Tang CH, Ge B, Shi J, Wang BH, Lu YH, He P, Wang WY, Lu SQ, Zhong J, Zhou X, Zhu K, Ji W, Gao HQ, Gu HB, Mo XB, Lu X, Zhang L, Zhang YH, Deng FY, Lei SF. Association of Plasma Irisin with Bone Mineral Density in a Large Chinese Population Using an Extreme Sampling Design. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:246-251. [PMID: 29582132 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine produced by skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise, promotes trans-differentiation of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. Recent evidences suggested that irisin also plays an important role in the control of bone metabolism. This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between plasma irisin and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese population by adoption of an extreme sampling method. Based on a large and screened Chinese elderly population (N = 6308), two subgroups with extremely high and low hip BMD were selected for discovery (N = 80, high vs. low BMD = 44:36) and validation (N = 60, high vs. low BMD = 30:30), respectively. Plasma irisin, P1NP, and β-CTx were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Other metabolic parameters (e.g., blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides) were collected. Student's t test and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted in SPSS. Significant difference was discovered for plasma irisin between females and age-matched males (N = 80, male vs. female = 42:38, P = 0.002). The plasma irisin levels were significantly higher in high BMD subjects than in low BMD subjects, which was observed in both discovery (P = 0.012) and validation samples (P = 0.022). However, such observation was limited to males only. Further correlation analyses in males showed that plasma irisin was correlated with BMD (r = 0.362, P = 0.025) and triglyceride (r = - 0.354, P = 0.032). Plasma irisin levels were associated with hip BMD in Chinese elderly men. This study represented the first effort of investigating the relationship of plasma irisin and BMD in elderly population. The positive correlation between plasma irisin and BMD hints intrinsic communication between muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong People's Hospital, Suqian, 223900, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hua Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong People's Hospital, Suqian, 223900, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong People's Hospital, Suqian, 223900, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong People's Hospital, Suqian, 223900, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Hua Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hua Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei He
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhong
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Zhu
- Loujiang Community Health Service Center, Suzhou Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ji
- Disease Prevention and Control Center of Suzhou high Tech Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qin Gao
- Shishan Community Health Service Center, Suzhou High Tech Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Gu
- Shishan Community Health Service Center, Suzhou High Tech Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Bo Mo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ma Y, Qiao X, Zeng R, Cheng R, Zhang J, Luo Y, Nie Y, Hu Y, Yang Z, Zhang J, Liu L, Xu W, Xu CC, Xu L. Irisin promotes proliferation but inhibits differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201700983RR. [PMID: 29771602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700983rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation has a critical role in the process of bone metabolism. Overactivation of osteoclastogenesis may result in a series of diseases. Irisin, a novel myokine, which was first reported in 2012, has been proposed to mediate the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. Studies have demonstrated that irisin targets osteoblasts by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation; however, the underlying mechanism regarding the effect of irisin on osteoclasts remains elusive. Using 2 types of osteoclast precursor cells, RAW264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow monocytes, we showed that irisin promoted osteoclast precursor cell proliferation but inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Irisin down-regulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, including receptor activators of NF-κB, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1, cathepsin K, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), as well as decreasing the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and hydroxyapatite resorption pits. Furthermore, we showed that irisin suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway, but activated the p38 and JNK signaling pathways. In the presence of an inhibitor of p38 and JNK, irisin-induced promotion of RAW264.7 cell proliferation was attenuated. However, irisin-induced inhibition of osteoclast differentiation was not affected by either the p38 or JNK signaling pathway. Our study suggested the direct effect of irisin on osteoclastogenesis and revealed the mechanism responsible for the therapeutic potential of irisin in bone metabolism disease.-Ma, Y., Qiao, X., Zeng, R., Cheng, R., Zhang, J., Luo, Y., Nie, Y., Hu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, L., Xu, W., Xu, C. C., Xu, L. Irisin promotes proliferation but inhibits differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Rujun Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Yunyao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Zhilan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Wenming Xu
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Charles C Xu
- College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; and
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Zhang ZP, Zhang XF, Li H, Liu TJ, Zhao QP, Huang LH, Cao ZJ, He LM, Hao DJ. Serum irisin associates with breast cancer to spinal metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0524. [PMID: 29703023 PMCID: PMC5944558 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the serum level of irisin can be a candidate to predict the spinal metastasis in patients with breast cancer.In a cross-sectional study, 148 patients were recruited. Of those, 53 (35.8%) had spinal metastasis. The baseline characteristics were compared by status of spinal metastasis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether the serum irisin can be a candidate for predicting breast cancer to spinal metastasis. The correlation coefficient analysis was used to confirm the correlation between the serum irisin and lipid metabolic parameters and body mass index (BMI), respectively.The serum irisin was higher in patients without spinal metastasis (7.60 ± 3.80). Multivariable analysis showed that the serum irisin was protective to the presence of spinal metastasis in patients with breast cancer after adjustments of age and BMI (odds ratio, 0.873; 95% confidence interval, 0.764-0.999). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the serum irisin and BMI (r = 0.263). The patients with metabolisc syndrome (MetS) had a higher level in serum irisin. In addition, the higher numbers of MetS components were associated with higher serum irisin.Higher serum irisin can be a protective factor of spinal metastasis in patients with breast cancer. The BMI is positively associated with the serum level of irisin. Furthermore, patients with MetS tended to have a higher level of serum irisin.
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44
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He L, He WY, A LT, Yang WL, Zhang AH. Lower Serum Irisin Levels Are Associated with Increased Vascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:287-295. [DOI: 10.1159/000487689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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45
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Muscle-Bone Crosstalk: Emerging Opportunities for Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Musculoskeletal Pathologies. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040062. [PMID: 29064421 PMCID: PMC5744086 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-related musculoskeletal pathologies that often develop in parallel. Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduced bone mass and an increased fracture risk. Sarcopenia describes muscle wasting with an increasing risk of injuries due to falls. The medical treatment of both diseases costs billions in health care per year. With the impact on public health and economy, and considering the increasing life expectancy of populations, more efficient treatment regimens are sought. The biomechanical interaction between both tissues with muscle acting on bone is well established. Recently, both tissues were also determined as secretory endocrine organs affecting the function of one another. New exciting discoveries on this front are made each year, with novel signaling molecules being discovered and potential controversies being described. While this review does not claim completeness, it will summarize the current knowledge on both the biomechanical and the biochemical link between muscle and bone. The review will highlight the known secreted molecules by both tissues affecting the other and finish with an outlook on novel therapeutics that could emerge from these discoveries.
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46
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Serbest S, Tiftikçi U, Tosun HB, Kısa Ü. The Irisin Hormone Profile and Expression in Human Bone Tissue in the Bone Healing Process in Patients. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4278-4283. [PMID: 28869754 PMCID: PMC5597035 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether or not there is a relationship between the newly-discovered irisin hormone and bone healing is not yet known. The aim of this study was to investigate what effect irisin hormone has on the bone healing process. Material/Methods The study included 21 adult patients with a diagnosed fracture of the lower extremity (femur or tibia). Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. A total of four venous blood samples were taken from the patients: before fracture stabilization, then postoperatively on days 1, 10, and 60. In patients with femoral neck fracture who had hip prosthesis applied, bone tissue samples were taken from the removed femur head and irisin was determined immunohistochemically in muscle biopsies taken from the same patients. Results In analysis, it was revealed that the mean value of irisin 60 days after operation is significantly higher than the values of irisin before operation, 1 day after operation, and 15 day after operation (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Intense staining was observed in compact bone tissue, muscle tissue, and in hypertrophic vascular endothelium within the Havers canal. Conclusions The level of irisin hormone increased in the bone union process and affects fracture healing due to irisin receptors in human bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sancar Serbest
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Uğur Tiftikçi
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Hacı Bayram Tosun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Üçler Kısa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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47
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Pasco JA, Mohebbi M, Holloway KL, Brennan-Olsen SL, Hyde NK, Kotowicz MA. Musculoskeletal decline and mortality: prospective data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:482-489. [PMID: 28025860 PMCID: PMC5476862 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the relationship between musculoskeletal deterioration and all-cause mortality in a cohort of women studied prospectively over a decade. METHODS A cohort of 750 women aged 50-94 years was followed for a decade after femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in conjunction with comorbidities, health behaviour data, and other clinical measures. The outcome was all-cause mortality identified from the Australian National Deaths Index. Using Cox proportional hazards models and age as the time variable, mortality risks were estimated according to BMD groups (ideal-BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) and ALM groups (T-scores > -1.0 high, -2.0 to -1.0 medium, <-2.0 low). RESULTS During 6712 person years of follow-up, there were 190 deaths, the proportions increasing with diminishing BMD: 10.7% (23/215) ideal-BMD, 23.5% (89/378) osteopenia, 49.7% (78/157) osteoporosis; and with diminishing ALM: 17.0% (59/345) high, 26.2% (79/301) medium, 50.0% (52/104) low. In multivariable models adjusted for smoking, polypharmacy, and mobility, compared with those with ideal BMD, mortality risk was greater for those with osteopenia [hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.81] and osteoporosis (HR 2.61, 95%CI 1.60-4.24). Similarly, compared with those with high ALM, adjusted mortality risk was greater for medium ALM (HR 1.36, 95%CI 0.97-1.91) and low ALM (HR 1.65, 95%CI 1.11-2.45). When BMD and ALM groups were tested together in the model, BMD remained a predictor of mortality (HR 1.74, 95%CI 1.09-2.78; HR 2.82, 95%CI 1.70-4.70; respectively), and low ALM had borderline significance (HR 1.52, 95%CI 1.00-2.31), which was further attenuated after adjusting for smoking, polypharmacy, and mobility. CONCLUSIONS Poor musculoskeletal health increased the risk for mortality independent of age. This appears to be driven mainly by a decline in bone mass. Low lean mass independently exacerbated mortality risk, and this appeared to operate through poor health exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Pasco
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mark A Kotowicz
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Australia
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Ortinau LC, Linden MA, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Exercise improves femoral whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in hyperphagic OLETF rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:884-892. [PMID: 28460190 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An often-overlooked comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increased fracture risk. Since traditional T2D therapies focus solely on glucose homeostasis, there is an increased need for effective treatment strategies that improve both metabolic and bone health. The current study evaluated if previously reported protective effects of exercise (EX) on cortical bone geometry and biomechanical properties are due to the prevention of obesity compared with obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats or the unique skeletal effects of exercise. Four-week-old male OLETF rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, each fed a standard rodent chow diet until 40 weeks of age: ad libitum-fed sedentary (O-SED), ad libitum-fed EX (O-EX), or a control group body-weight-matched to the O-EX group by caloric restriction (O-CR). Ad libitum-fed sedentary Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (L-SED) rats were used as a lean control. EX or CR prevented the excess body mass accumulation and elevated HbA1c observed in O-SED. Total-body bone mineral density was greater in O-EX than O-CR, but similar to L-SED and O-SED. O-EX and O-CR had lower osteocalcin and TRAP5b than O-SED and L-SED. EX or CR prevented the ∼3-fold increase in CTx in O-SED versus L-SED. EX increased femoral cortical mass accumulation and expansion at the mid-diaphysis compared with O-CR. EX or CR significantly increased tissue-level stiffness and strength compared with O-SED and L-SED, but O-EX had greater whole-bone stiffness than all other groups. In summary, EX has distinct advantages over CR for improving bone biomechanical properties in hyperphagic OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Ortinau
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Melissa A Linden
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,b Research Service-Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,b Research Service-Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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49
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Yan J, Liu HJ, Guo WC, Yang J. Low serum concentrations of Irisin are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in Chinese older women. Joint Bone Spine 2017; 85:353-358. [PMID: 28408276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin derived from muscle in response to exercise may be the molecular entity responsible for muscle wasting-osteoporosis connectivity in the elderly. The objective of the study was to determine whether serum Irisin (sIrisin) provides information on hip fracture prediction which were independent of bone mineral density (BMD) and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) algorithm. METHODS This study enrolled 160 older women (ages, 70-90y) with minimal trauma hip fractures (MTHFs) and 160 age-matched women without fracture serving as controls. Clinical features, BMD and bone turnover markers including sIrisin levels were measured after fracture within 2 days as baseline. RESULTS sIrisin levels were significantly lower (361.5±140.0ng/mL vs 478.5±159.6ng/mL, P<0.001) in cases than controls. After multivariate analysis, sIrisin remained as an independent variable of BMD, which explained 17.8% of femoral neck BMD and 22.5% of lumbar spine BMD, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of MTHFs comparing the lowest (<320.1ng/mL) to highest (>524.5ng/mL) quartiles was 1.95 (95% CI 1.23-3.79, P<0.05) for sIrisin. Adjustment for age, body mass index, time since menopause and exercise ≥30min/day yielded similar results, and BMD of femoral neck also did not change these associations. Taking FRAX score into account attenuated the association somewhat: OR of hip fracture was 1.81 (95% CI 1.26-3.49, P<0.05) in first versus fourth quartile of sIrisin. There was a negative gradient of risk by decreasing quartile in sIrisin. CONCLUSIONS Low concentrations of sIrisin in older women were independently associated with increased risk of hip fractures when adjusted for BMD or FRAX score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
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Poggiogalle E, Donini LM, Lenzi A, Chiesa C, Pacifico L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease connections with fat-free tissues: A focus on bone and skeletal muscle. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1747-1757. [PMID: 28348479 PMCID: PMC5352914 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i10.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The estimates of global incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are worrisome, due to the parallel burden of obesity and its metabolic complications. Indeed, excess adiposity and insulin resistance represent two of the major risk factors for NAFLD; interestingly, in the last years a growing body of evidence tended to support a novel mechanistic perspective, in which the liver is at the center of a complex interplay involving organs and systems, other than adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis. Bone and the skeletal muscle are fat- free tissues which appeared to be independently associated with NAFLD in several cross-sectional studies. The deterioration of bone mineral density and lean body mass, leading to osteoporosis and sarcopenia, respectively, are age-related processes. The prevalence of NAFLD also increases with age. Beyond physiological aging, the three conditions share some common underlying mechanisms, and their elucidations could be of paramount importance to design more effective treatment strategies for the management of NAFLD. In this review, we provide an overview on epidemiological data as well as on potential contributors to the connections of NAFLD with bone and skeletal muscle.
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