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Wang X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Sun J, Li J, Zhao P, Cai L, Liu W, Yang Z, Wang Z, Lv H. Causal relationship between multiparameter brain MRI phenotypes and age: evidence from Mendelian randomization. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae077. [PMID: 38529357 PMCID: PMC10963122 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between age and brain health (cortical atrophy, white matter integrity, white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds in various brain regions) related multiparameter imaging features using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Age was determined as chronological age of the subject. Cortical volume, white matter micro-integrity, white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral microbleeds of each brain region were included as phenotypes for brain health. Age and imaging of brain health related genetic data were analysed to determine the causal relationship using inverse-variance weighted model, validated by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy variables. Age is causally related to increased volumes of white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.151). For white matter micro-integrity, fibres of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (axial diffusivity β = -0.128, orientation dispersion index β = 0.173), cerebral peduncle (axial diffusivity β = -0.136), superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (isotropic volume fraction β = 0.163) and fibres within the limbic system were causally deteriorated. We also detected decreased cortical thickness of multiple frontal and temporal regions (P < 0.05). Microbleeds were not related with aging (P > 0.05). Aging is a threat of brain health, leading to cortical atrophy mainly in the frontal lobes, as well as the white matter degeneration especially abnormal hyperintensity and deteriorated white matter integrity around the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linkun Cai
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100089, China
- Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Mallik SB, Mudgal J, Kinra M, Hall S, Grant GD, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Nampoothiri M, Zhang Y, Arora D. Involvement of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the neuroprotective mechanisms of ferulic acid against depressive-like behaviour. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2243-2254. [PMID: 37490224 PMCID: PMC10504153 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferulic acid (FA) is a common food ingredient that is abundantly present in various routinely consumed food and beverages. Like many cinnamic acid derivatives, FA produces wide-ranging effects in a dose-dependent manner and various studies link FA consumption with reduced risk of depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to exploit the neuroprotective mechanisms of FA including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and other pro-inflammatory cytokines by employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviour model. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 4 groups consisting of saline (SAL), LPS, FA and Imipramine (IMI). Animals were pretreated orally with FA (10 mg/kg) and IMI (10 mg/kg) for 21 days once daily and all groups except SAL were challenged with LPS (0.83 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 21. RESULTS LPS administration produced a biphasic change in the behaviour of the animals where the animals lost a significant weight and express high immobility time at 24 h. Proinflammatory cytokines including, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were significantly increased along with increased lipid peroxidation and reduced BDNF. Furthermore, the increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio was indicative of elevated IDO activity. CONCLUSION The results of this study emphasise that low dose of FA is effective in attenuating depressive-like behaviour by modulating IDO, BDNF and reducing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Basu Mallik
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manas Kinra
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Gary D Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Devinder Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Szota AM, Kowalewska B, Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska M, Dróżdż W. The Influence of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Plasma Level in Patients with Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5728. [PMID: 37685795 PMCID: PMC10488522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish whether there is a correlation between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment and the reduction in psychotic symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase was conducted up to March 2023. Inclusion criteria: studies in which adult patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication received ECT therapy and had the BDNF level measured before and after ECT treatment. Exclusion criteria: animal and in vitro studies or studies not involving complete information about the treatment and concentration of BDNF in plasma. The risk of bias was assessed using Egger's regression-based test for meta-analysis with continuous outcomes. Six studies comprising 248 individuals with schizophrenia were included. A statistically significant increase in BDNF levels after ECT treatment was observed only in two studies (p < 0.001 and p < 0.027, respectively), whereas in four other studies, an upward trend without statistical significance was noticed. The estimated overall size effect revealed that ECT therapy caused a slight change in the BDNF level but without statistical significance (ES = -0.328). Different numbers of ECT procedures (4-10), final measurement of the BDNF level made at a different time point, using bilateral or unilateral electrode positioning during ECT and treatment with different combinations of typical or atypical antipsychotic medications may be potential reasons for the lack of statistical significance in the changes in BDNF levels after treatment. Data regarding the measurement of BDNF levels pre and post ECT therapy in patients with schizophrenia are very limited without an extended follow-up period and evaluation of mental health change. Our meta-analysis showed that treatment with ECT therapy and antipsychotic medication increases serum BDNF levels in patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia compared to patients treated with medication only; however, this effect is not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jagiellońska Street 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Dróżdż
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
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Drljača J, Milošević N, Milanović M, Abenavoli L, Milić N. When the microbiome helps the brain-current evidence. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:43-58. [PMID: 36601680 PMCID: PMC10314113 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis has been recognized as a network of connections that provides communication between the gut microflora and both central and autonomic nervous system. The gut microbiota alteration has been targeted for therapy in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disbalances. Psychobiotics are probiotics that contribute beneficially to the brain function and the host mental health as a result of an interaction with the commensal gut bacteria, although their mechanism of action has not been completely revealed. In this state-of-art review, the findings about the potential therapeutic effects of the psychobiotics alone or in combination with conventional medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as in some psychiatric diseases like depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, have been summarized. The evidence of the psychobiotics therapeutic outcomes obtained in preclinical and clinical trials have been given respectively for the observed neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Drljača
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Nataša Milošević
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Maja Milanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia Campus “Salvatore Venuta”CatanzaroItaly
| | - Nataša Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
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Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuation of neurogenesis disorder and neuronal apoptosis in the rat hippocampus after spinal cord injury may involve brain-derived neurotrophic factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Neuroreport 2023; 34:290-298. [PMID: 36881751 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated that spinal cord injury (SCI) induced hippocampus injury and depression in rodents. Ginsenoside Rg1 effectively prevents neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the hippocampus after SCI. METHODS We used a rat compression SCI model. Western blotting and morphologic assays were used to investigate the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in the hippocampus. RESULTS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (BDNF/ERK) signaling was altered in the hippocampus at 5 weeks after SCI. SCI attenuated neurogenesis and enhanced the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampus; however, ginsenoside Rg1 attenuated cleaved caspase-3 expression and improved neurogenesis and BDNF/ERK signaling in the rat hippocampus. The results suggest that SCI affects BDNF/ERK signaling, and ginsenoside Rg1 can attenuate hippocampal damage after SCI. CONCLUSION We speculate that the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in hippocampal pathophysiology after SCI may involve BDNF/ERK signaling. Ginsenoside Rg1 shows promise as a therapeutic pharmaceutical product when seeking to counter SCI-induced hippocampal damage.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and neuropsychological functioning after early childhood traumatic brain injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:246-256. [PMID: 35465864 PMCID: PMC9592678 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the differential effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on neuropsychological functioning in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to orthopedic injury (OI). METHODS Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children who sustained a TBI (n = 69) or OI (n = 72) between 3 and 7 years of age. Children completed a battery of neuropsychological measures targeting attention, memory, and executive functions at four timepoints spanning the immediate post-acute period to 18 months post-injury. Children also completed a comparable age-appropriate battery of measures approximately 7 years post-injury. Parents rated children's dysexecutive behaviors at all timepoints. RESULTS Longitudinal mixed models revealed a significant allele status × injury group interaction with a medium effect size for verbal fluency. Cross-sectional models at 7 years post-injury revealed non-significant but medium effect sizes for the allele status x injury group interaction for fluid reasoning and immediate and delayed verbal memory. Post hoc stratified analyses revealed a consistent pattern of poorer neuropsychological functioning in Met carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes in the TBI group, with small effect sizes; the opposite trend or no appreciable effect was observed in the OI group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a differential effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on verbal fluency, and possibly fluid reasoning and immediate and delayed verbal memory, in children with early TBI relative to OI. The Met allele-associated with reduced activity-dependent secretion of BDNF-may confer risk for poorer neuropsychological functioning in children with TBI.
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Díaz A, Flores I, Treviño S. Neurotrophic fragments as therapeutic alternatives to ameliorate brain aging. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:51-56. [PMID: 35799508 PMCID: PMC9241392 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.331867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a global phenomenon and a complex biological process of all living beings that introduces various changes. During this physiological process, the brain is the most affected organ due to changes in its structural and chemical functions, such as changes in plasticity and decrease in the number, diameter, length, and branching of dendrites and dendritic spines. Likewise, it presents a great reduction in volume resulting from the contraction of the gray matter. Consequently, aging can affect not only cognitive functions, including learning and memory, but also the quality of life of older people. As a result of the phenomena, various molecules with notable neuroprotective capacity have been proposed, which provide a therapeutic alternative for people under conditions of aging or some neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to indicate that in recent years the use of molecules with neurotrophic activity has shown interesting results when evaluated in in vivo models. This review aims to describe the neurotrophic potential of molecules such as resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and neurotrophic-type compounds such as the terminal carboxyl domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin, cerebrolysin, neuropeptide-12, and rapamycin. Most of these molecules have been evaluated by our research group. Studies suggest that these molecules exert an important therapeutic potential, restoring brain function in aging conditions or models of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, our interest is in describing the current scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of these molecules with active neurotrophic.
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Apam-Castillejos DJ, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Vázquez-Roque RA, Vázquez-Hernández AJ, Fuentes-Medel E, García-Dolores F, Díaz A, Flores G. Second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine attenuates behavioral and prefrontal cortex synaptic plasticity deficits in a neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-related rat model. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102166. [PMID: 36156295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics are the drugs of choice for the treatment of neurodevelopmental-related mental diseases such as schizophrenia. Despite the effectiveness of these drugs to ameliorate some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, specifically the positive ones, the mechanisms beyond their antipsychotic effect are still poorly understood. Specifically, second-generation antipsychotics are reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroplastic properties. Using the neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (nVHL) in the rat, an accepted schizophrenia-related model, we evaluated the effect of the second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) in the behavioral, neuroplastic, and neuroinflammatory alterations exhibited in the nVHL animals. OLZ corrected the hyperlocomotion and impaired working memory of the nVHL animals but failed to enhance social disturbances of these animals. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), OLZ restored the pyramidal cell structural plasticity in the nVHL rats, enhancing the dendritic arbor length, the spinogenesis and the proportion of mature spines. Moreover, OLZ attenuated astrogliosis as well as some pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related molecules in the PFC. These findings reinforce the evidence of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neurotrophic mechanisms of second-generation antipsychotics in the nVHL schizophrenia-related model, which allows for the possibility of developing more specific drugs for this disorder and thus avoiding the side effects of current schizophrenia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Estefania Fuentes-Medel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad de México (TSJCDMX), Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico.
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Schürhoff F, Corfdir C, Pignon B, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Marcos E, Leboyer M, Adnot S, Jamain S, Szöke A. Shortening telomere is associated with psychotic dimensions in the general population. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:470-471. [PMID: 35246364 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Corfdir
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Andreï Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
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Changes in serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with electroconvulsive therapy and pharmacotherapy and its clinical correlates in male schizophrenia patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:99-105. [PMID: 34924073 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2021.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been postulated that neurotrophin dysregulation leads to disorganisation in neuronal networks, which results in schizophrenia. The current study sets out to evaluate if the finding of lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in schizophrenia patients could be confirmed in an independent cohort and to investigate if the BDNF levels can be altered with different treatment modalities such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and/or antipsychotic pharmacotherapy (PT). METHODS A total of 54 male patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Schizophrenia patients were subdivided into two groups as the ones who underwent ECT + PT and only PT. Clinical and sociodemographic data questionnaire, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and blood sample collection for BDNF assessment were applied to all patients (on first and last days of admissions) and healthy participants (on the day of the interview). Then, clinical parameters and blood sample outcomes were statistically analysed. RESULTS Mean BDNF levels of healthy individuals were significantly higher than mean pre- and post-treatment BDNF levels in both PT only and ECT + PT groups. While serum BDNF levels did not increase after ECT + PT, there was a trend level increase in the PT only group. There was no significant correlation between the changes in serum BDNF levels with total PANSS scores in either group after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We could confirm previously suggested data of lower serum BDNF levels in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy population but we could not find significant increase in serum BDNF levels with ECT + PT or only PT as some previous studies suggested.
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Tomoda T, Sumitomo A, Shukla R, Hirota-Tsuyada Y, Miyachi H, Oh H, French L, Sibille E. BDNF controls GABA AR trafficking and related cognitive processes via autophagic regulation of p62. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:553-563. [PMID: 34341497 PMCID: PMC8674239 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission co-occur in brain conditions (depression, schizophrenia and age-related disorders) and are associated with symptomatology. Rodent studies show they are causally linked, suggesting the presence of biological pathways mediating this link. Here we first show that reduced BDNF and GABA also co-occur with attenuated autophagy in human depression. Using mice, we then show that reducing Bdnf levels (Bdnf+/-) leads to upregulated sequestosome-1/p62, a key autophagy-associated adaptor protein, whose levels are inversely correlated with autophagic activity. Reduced Bdnf levels also caused reduced surface presentation of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptor (α5-GABAAR) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons. Reducing p62 gene dosage restored α5-GABAAR surface expression and rescued PFC-relevant behavioral deficits of Bdnf+/- mice, including cognitive inflexibility and reduced sensorimotor gating. Increasing p62 levels was sufficient to recreate the molecular and behavioral profiles of Bdnf+/- mice. Collectively, the data reveal a novel mechanism by which deficient BDNF leads to targeted reduced GABAergic signaling through autophagic dysregulation of p62, potentially underlying cognitive impairment across brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tomoda
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sumitomo
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XDepartment of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
| | - Yuki Hirota-Tsuyada
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Leon French
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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13
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Treble-Barna A, Wade SL, Pilipenko V, Martin LJ, Yeates KO, Taylor HG, Kurowski BG. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met and Behavioral Adjustment after Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:114-121. [PMID: 33605167 PMCID: PMC8785712 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the differential effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on behavioral adjustment in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to children with orthopedic injury (OI). Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children who sustained a TBI (n = 69) or OI (n = 72) between 3 and 7 years of age. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at the immediate post-acute period, 6, 12, and 18 months after injury, and an average of 3.5 and 7 years after injury. Longitudinal mixed models examined the BDNF Val66Met allele status (Met carriers vs. Val/Val homozygotes) × injury group (TBI vs. OI) interaction in association with behavioral adjustment. After adjusting for continental ancestry, socioeconomic status, time post-injury, and pre-injury functioning, the allele status × injury group interaction was statistically significant for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Behavior problems. Post hoc within-group analysis suggested a consistent trend of poorer behavioral adjustment in Met carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes in the TBI group; in contrast, the opposite trend was observed in the OI group. These within-group differences, however, did not reach statistical significance. The results support a differential effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on behavioral adjustment in children with early TBI relative to OI, and suggest that the Met allele associated with reduced activity-dependent secretion of BDNF may impart risk for poorer long-term behavioral adjustment in children with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amery Treble-Barna
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shari L. Wade
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Valentina Pilipenko
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H. Gerry Taylor
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brad G. Kurowski
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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14
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Liu L, Liu J, Yang L, Wen B, Zhang X, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Accelerated Brain Aging in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:852479. [PMID: 35599767 PMCID: PMC9120421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.852479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be accompanied by an accelerated structural decline of the brain with age compared to healthy controls (HCs); however, this has yet to be proven. To answer this question, we built a brain age prediction model using mean gray matter volumes of each brain region as features, which were obtained by voxel-based morphometry derived from T1-weighted MRI scans. The prediction model was built using two Chinese Han datasets (dataset 1, N = 106 for HCs and N = 90 for patients with OCD; dataset 2, N = 270 for HCs) to evaluate its performance. Then, a new prediction model was trained using data for HCs in dataset 1 and applied to patients with OCD to investigate the brain aging trajectory. The brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) scores, defined as the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age, were calculated for all participants and compared between patients with matched HCs in dataset 1. It was demonstrated that the prediction model performs consistently across different datasets. Patients with OCD presented higher brain-PAD scores than matched HCs, suggesting that patients with OCD presented accelerated brain aging. In addition, brain-PAD scores were negatively correlated with the duration of illness, suggesting that brain-PAD scores might capture progressive structural brain changes. These results identified accelerated brain aging in patients with OCD for the first time and deepened our understanding of the pathogenesis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaopan Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Song J, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Li H, Li W, Chen K, Yu J, Fu W, Chen D. Leptin Methylation and mRNA Expression Associated With Psychopathology in Schizophrenia Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:793910. [PMID: 35197874 PMCID: PMC8858839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin involved in the regulation of dopaminergic neurons of the central nervous system may confirm the hypothesis of neurodevelopment in schizophrenic patients. However, specific genetic mechanisms are undefined. Therefore, we aimed to explore the regulation of DNA methylation of leptin promoters and mRNA expression in patients with schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study enrolled 40 patients and 40 healthy controls from the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital in China. The leptin methylation levels and mRNA expression were examined by highly sensitive mass spectrometry based on the MassARRAY System and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was applied to estimate the clinical symptoms of patients. The LEP-CpG7 and CpG15 methylation in patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). The LEP-CpG11, CpG33.34.35, CpG36 methylation, and mRNA expression decreased significantly in patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). After controlling gender, age, BMI, dose of antipsychotic and duration of illness, LEP-CpG7 methylation was negatively associated with PANSS positive symptoms subscore (r = -0.485, P = 0.005). In addition, LEP-mRNA expression was negatively correlated with PANSS total score (r = -0.385, P = 0.03) and positive subscale (r = -0.392, P = 0.026). Nevertheless, only the LEP-CpG7 methylation level remained negatively correlated to the PANSS positive subscore following multiple stepwise regression (β = -17.071, P = 0.037). These results suggest that leptin methylation and mRNA expression might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. LEP-CpG7 methylation may be negatively associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjin Yu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Fu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Treble-Barna A, Heinsberg LW, Puccio AM, Shaffer JR, Okonkwo DO, Beers SR, Weeks DE, Conley YP. Acute Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor DNA Methylation Trajectories in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Associations With Outcomes Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:790-800. [PMID: 34167372 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211028245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background. Epigenetic biomarkers have the potential to explain outcome heterogeneity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) but are largely unexplored. Objective. This exploratory pilot study characterized brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) DNA methylation trajectories following severe TBI. Methods. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor DNA methylation trajectories in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over the first 5 days following severe TBI in 112 adults were examined in association with 3- and 12-month outcomes. Results. Group-based trajectory analysis revealed low and high DNA methylation groups at two BDNF cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) targets that showed suggestive associations (P < .05) with outcomes. Membership in the high DNA methylation groups was associated with better outcomes after controlling for age, sex, and injury severity. Associations of age × trajectory group interactions with outcomes at a third CpG site revealed a pattern of the same or better outcomes with higher ages in the high DNA methylation group and worse outcomes with higher ages in the low DNA methylation group. Conclusions. Although no observed associations met the empirical significance threshold after correcting for multiple comparisons, suggestive associations of the main effect models were consistent in their direction of effect and were observed across two CpG sites and two outcome time points. Results suggest that higher acute CSF BDNF DNA methylation may promote recovery following severe TBI in adults, and this effect may be more robust with higher age. While the results require replication in larger and racially diverse independent samples, BDNF DNA methylation may serve as an early postinjury biomarker helping to explain outcome heterogeneity following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amery Treble-Barna
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 12317University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lacey W Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, 51303University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Internal Medicine, 12317University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ava M Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 12317University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, 51303University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 12317University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sue R Beers
- Department of Psychiatry, 12317University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, 51303University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, 12317University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Department of Human Genetics, 51303University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Guo L, Xiao P, Zhang X, Yang Y, Yang M, Wang T, Lu H, Tian H, Wang H, Liu J. Inulin ameliorates schizophrenia via modulation of the gut microbiota and anti-inflammation in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1156-1175. [PMID: 33432310 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis, which regulates neurological and cognitive functions, plays an essential role in schizophrenia (SCZ) progression. Dietary inulin could be a novel strategy for the treatment of SCZ due to its modulating effects on the gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of inulin on mice with SCZ were studied. As indicated by the behavioural tests, expression of neurotransmitters, inflammatory indicators, and brain morphology, inulin administration ameliorated aberrant behaviours (locomotor hypoactivity, anxiety disorders and depressive behaviours, and impaired learning and spatial recognition memory) and effectively reduced neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In addition, inulin improved intestinal integrity and permeability, as indicated by the elevated expression of tight junction proteins (p < 0.05). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis showed that inulin increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which were negatively correlated with 5-hydroxytryptamine and inflammatory cytokines and positively correlated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Inulin caused a reduction in Akkermansia that was positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with BDNF. These results suggested that dietary inulin modulated the gut microbiota and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in mice though the MGB axis, which further ameliorated SCZ. Therefore, the results of this study provide a potential explanation for inulin intervention in the treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Haixia Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hongyan Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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18
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Huo L, Zheng Z, Lu X, Wu F, Ning Y, Zhang XY. Decreased Peripheral BDNF Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641278. [PMID: 34239458 PMCID: PMC8257950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There are relatively few studies on mechanisms of cognitive deficits in late-life schizophrenia (LLS). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as an important neuroplastic molecule, has been reported to be involved in neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine whether peripheral BDNF levels were associated with cognitive deficits in LLS, which has not been explored yet. Methods: Forty-eight LLS patients and 45 age-matched elderly controls were recruited. We measured all participants on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) for cognition and serum BDNF levels. Psychopathological symptoms in patients were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The levels of BDNF in LLS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (8.80 ± 2.30 vs. 12.63 ± 5.08 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The cognitive performance of LLS patients was worse than that of the controls on RBANS total score and scores of immediate memory, attention, language, and delayed memory (all p ≤ 0.005). BDNF was positively associated with attention in LLS patients (r = 0.338, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that older patients with schizophrenia exhibit lower BDNF levels and more cognitive deficits than older controls, supporting the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia. Moreover, decreased BDNF is related to attention deficits, indicating that BDNF might be a candidate biomarker of cognitive impairments in LLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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van Gastel J, Leysen H, Boddaert J, Vangenechten L, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107793. [PMID: 33316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a highly complex molecular process, affecting nearly all tissue systems in humans and is the highest risk factor in developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The intense complexity of the aging process creates an incentive to develop more specific drugs that attenuate or even reverse some of the features of premature aging. As our current pharmacopeia is dominated by therapeutics that target members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily it may be prudent to search for effective anti-aging therapeutics in this fertile domain. Since the first demonstration of GPCR-based β-arrestin signaling, it has become clear that an enhanced appreciation of GPCR signaling diversity may facilitate the creation of therapeutics with selective signaling activities. Such 'biased' ligand signaling profiles can be effectively investigated using both standard molecular biological techniques as well as high-dimensionality data analyses. Through a more nuanced appreciation of the quantitative nature across the multiple dimensions of signaling bias that drugs possess, researchers may be able to further refine the efficacy of GPCR modulators to impact the complex aberrations that constitute the aging process. Identifying novel effector profiles could expand the effective pharmacopeia and assist in the design of precision medicines. This review discusses potential non-G protein effectors, and specifically their potential therapeutic suitability in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangenechten
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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20
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Srivastava P, Bungau S. Unfolding the Role of BDNF as a Biomarker for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:2008-2021. [PMID: 33230708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known disabling mental illness characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, and decreased energy. The symptoms of depression are usually recurrent in vulnerable individuals, and persistence of symptoms significantly impairs individuals' quality of life. The exact pathophysiology of depression remains ambiguous, though many hypotheses have been proposed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been reported to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF is an important neurotrophic factor found in the human brain and is involved in neuronal growth and proliferation, synaptic neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. The neurotrophic theory of depression proposes that depression results from reduced BDNF levels in the brain, which can be treated with antidepressants to alleviate depressive behavior and increase BDNF levels. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and in antidepressant therapy. The studies mentioned in this review article greatly support the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and treatment of this disorder with antidepressants. Since abnormalities in BDNF levels lead to the production of diverse insults that amplify the development or progression of depression, it is important to study and explore BDNF impairment in relation to depression, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis, and increasing BDNF levels through antidepressant therapy, showing positive response in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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21
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Vazquez-Roque R, Pacheco-Flores M, Penagos-Corzo JC, Flores G, Aguilera J, Treviño S, Guevara J, Diaz A, Venegas B. The C-terminal fragment of the heavy chain of the tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) improves motor activity and neuronal morphology in the limbic system of aged mice. Synapse 2020; 75:e22193. [PMID: 33141999 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the aging process, the brain presents biochemical and morphological alterations. The neurons of the limbic system show reduced size dendrites, in addition to the loss of dendritic spines. These disturbances trigger a decrease in motor and cognitive function. Likewise, it is reported that during aging, in the brain, there is a significant decrease in neurotrophic factors, which are essential in promoting the survival and plasticity of neurons. The carboxyl-terminal fragment of the heavy chain of the tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) acts similarly to neurotrophic factors, inducing neuroprotection in different models of neuronal damage. The aim here, was to evaluate the effect of Hc-TeTx on the motor processes of elderly mice (18 months old), and its impact on the dendritic morphology and density of dendritic spines of neurons in the limbic system. The morphological analysis in the dendrites was evaluated employing Golgi-Cox staining. Hc-TeTx was administered (0.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for three days in 18-month-old mice. Locomotor activity was evaluated in a novel environment 30 days after the last administration of Hc-TeTx. Mice treated with Hc-TeTx showed significant changes in their motor behavior, and an increased dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in layers 3 and 5 of the prefrontal cortex in the hippocampus, and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). In conclusion, the Hc-TeTx improves the plasticity of the brain regions of the limbic system of aged mice. Therefore, it is proposed as a pharmacological alternative to prevent or delay brain damage during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vazquez-Roque
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - José Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Berenice Venegas
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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22
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Stone WS, Cai B, Liu X, Grivel MMR, Yu G, Xu Y, Ouyang X, Chen H, Deng F, Xue F, Li H, Lieberman JA, Keshavan MS, Susser ES, Yang LH, Phillips MR. Association Between the Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Selective Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Individuals With Chronic Untreated Schizophrenia in Rural China. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:1116-1126. [PMID: 32639517 PMCID: PMC7344798 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cognitive deficits constitute core features of schizophrenia, but the trajectories of cognitive difficulties in chronic untreated schizophrenia remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of neuropsychological deficits with duration of untreated psychosis in individuals with chronic untreated schizophrenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling individuals with chronic untreated schizophrenia (untreated patient group) and individuals without mental illness (control group) were recruited from predominantly rural communities in Ningxia, China between June 20, 2016, and August 6, 2019, and administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Mini-Mental State Examination, an 8-test version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognition Battery adapted for use in individuals with low levels of education, and a measure of social cognition. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Comparison of cognitive test scores between the two groups and association of cognitive test scores with duration of untreated schizophrenia. RESULTS The patient group included 197 individuals with chronic untreated schizophrenia (101 men [51.3%]; mean [SD] age, 52.1 [11.8] years; median [interquartile range] years of schooling, 3 [0-6] years; median [interquartile range] years of untreated psychosis, 22.9 [14.9-32.8] years). The control group included 220 individuals (118 men [53.6%]; mean [SD] age, 52.1 [11.2] years; median [interquartile range] years of schooling, 4 [0-6] years). The untreated patient group performed significantly worse than the control group on all cognitive measures (adjusted partial Spearman correlation coefficient [Spearman ρ] ranged from -0.35 for the revised Chinese version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to -0.60 for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; P < .001 for all comparisons). Longer durations of untreated psychosis were associated with lower performance in 3 MATRICS Consensus Cognition Battery measures assessing different aspects of executive functioning (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised [ρ = -0.20; P = .04]; Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Symbol Coding subtest [ρ = -0.35; P < .001]; and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, Mazes subtest [ρ = -0.24; P = .01]). The median duration of untreated psychosis (22.9 years) was associated with estimated score reductions in the 3 measures of 34% (95% CI, 10%-52%), 43% (95% CI, 28%-55%), and 57% (95% CI, 31%-73%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study suggest that long-term untreated schizophrenia was associated with decreases in selective cognitive abilities; both neurodegenerative pathology and neurodevelopmental dysfunction may be factors in cognition in persistent psychosis. Expanding research to include cohorts of patients from underserved rural communities in low- and middle-income countries may provide new insights about the etiological factors, disease course, and management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bing Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Margaux M.-R. Grivel
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Gary Yu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Yangmu Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinyi Ouyang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanhui Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xue
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Psychology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee
| | - Jeffrey A. Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ezra S. Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence H. Yang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, New York,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Michael R. Phillips
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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23
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Higgins-Chen AT, Boks MP, Vinkers CH, Kahn RS, Levine ME. Schizophrenia and Epigenetic Aging Biomarkers: Increased Mortality, Reduced Cancer Risk, and Unique Clozapine Effects. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:224-235. [PMID: 32199607 PMCID: PMC7368835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with increased all-cause mortality, smoking, and age-associated proteins, yet multiple previous studies found no association between SZ and biological age using Horvath's epigenetic clock, a well-established aging biomarker based on DNA methylation. However, numerous epigenetic clocks that may capture distinct aspects of aging have been developed. This study tested the hypothesis that altered aging in SZ manifests in these other clocks. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of 14 epigenetic clocks categorized according to what they were trained to predict: chronological age, mortality, mitotic divisions, or telomere length. To understand the etiology of biological age differences, we also examined DNA methylation predictors of smoking, alcohol, body mass index, serum proteins, and cell proportions. We independently analyzed 3 publicly available multiethnic DNA methylation data sets from whole blood, a total of 567 SZ cases and 594 nonpsychiatric controls. RESULTS All data sets showed accelerations in SZ for the 3 mortality clocks up to 5 years, driven by smoking and elevated levels of 6 age-associated proteins. The 2 mitotic clocks were decelerated in SZ related to antitumor natural killer and CD8T cells, which may help explain conflicting reports about low cancer rates in epidemiological studies of SZ. One cohort with available medication data showed that clozapine is associated with male-specific decelerations up to 7 years in multiple chronological age clocks. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the utility of studying the various epigenetic clocks in tandem and highlights potential mechanisms by which mental illness influences long-term outcomes, including cancer and early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Higgins-Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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24
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Szeligowski T, Yun AL, Lennox BR, Burnet PWJ. The Gut Microbiome and Schizophrenia: The Current State of the Field and Clinical Applications. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32226399 PMCID: PMC7080964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, leading to both physical and social morbidity. Despite its importance, the etiology of schizophrenia remains poorly understood. Furthermore, its mainstream treatments fail to address all aspects of the disorder and are associated with significant side-effects. Recently, there has been growing interest in the relationship between the gut microbiome and mental health, including in schizophrenia. In this article, we review the existing evidence implicating dysbiosis in schizophrenia and discuss how the presumed dysbiosis could fit within known hypotheses of its pathogenesis, focusing on inflammation, tryptophan metabolites, and BDNF levels. We also evaluate the clinical potential of manipulating the gut microbiome with probiotics and prebiotics as adjunctive treatments in schizophrenia, based on existing clinical and pre-clinical studies. Overall, the current data showing microbiome alterations in schizophrenia are highly discrepant and insufficient to conclude whether microbiome changes are associated with increased risk of the disorder, or are simply the result of external factors or treatment. Despite some encouraging results of pro/prebiotic supplementation, there is also inconclusive evidence for their efficacy in schizophrenia. Thus, further research and more clinical trials are needed to test the validity of manipulating the gut microbiome to improve the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Lim Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda R Lennox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip W J Burnet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Hashimoto K. Recent Advances in the Early Intervention in Schizophrenia: Future Direction from Preclinical Findings. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:75. [PMID: 31278495 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the potential benefit of early intervention in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia show cognitive impairment for several years preceding the onset of psychosis. The author discusses the recent topics on prevention of schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical findings suggest that maternal immune activation (MIA) produces cognitive deficits as a prodromal symptom in juvenile offspring in rodents. Treatment with anti-inflammatory compounds, such as D-serine, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (a TrkB agonist), sulforaphane (or its precursor glucoraphanin), and TPPU (1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea: a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor), during adolescence might prevent the onset of behavioral abnormalities and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult offspring after MIA. Based on the role of inflammation and cognitive impairment in the prodromal state, early intervention using anti-inflammatory compounds (i.e., D-serine, sodium benzoate, TrkB agonist, Nrf2 agonist, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor) may reduce the risk of subsequent transition to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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26
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Jin Y, Sun LH, Yang W, Cui RJ, Xu SB. The Role of BDNF in the Neuroimmune Axis Regulation of Mood Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:515. [PMID: 31231295 PMCID: PMC6559010 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune system plays a crucial role in the regulation of mood disorders. Moreover, recent studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is a key regulator in the neuroimmune axis. However, the potential mechanism of BDNF action in the neuroimmune axis' regulation of mood disorders remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent progress of BDNF in influencing mood disorders, by participating in alterations of the neuroimmune axis. This may provide evidence for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Hua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Bai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Voss P, Thomas ME, Guercio GD, de Villers-Sidani E. Dysregulation of auditory neuroplasticity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 207:3-11. [PMID: 29703662 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex brain syndrome characterized by an array of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech), negative symptoms (alogia, apathy, avolition) and cognitive impairments (memory, executive functions). Although investigations of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have primarily concentrated on disturbances affecting higher-order cognitive processes, there is an increasing realization that schizophrenia also affects early sensory processing, which might, in fact, play a significant role in the development of higher-order cognitive impairments. Recent evidence suggests that many of these early sensory processing impairments possibly arise from a dysregulation of plasticity regulators in schizophrenia, resulting in either reduced plasticity or excessive unregulated plasticity. The purpose of the present manuscript is to provide a concise overview of how the dysregulation of cortical plasticity mechanisms contributes to schizophrenia symptoms with an emphasis on auditory dysplasticity and to discuss its relevance for treatment outcomes. The idea that plasticity mechanisms are not constrained only within sensitive periods suggests that many functional properties of sensory neurons can be altered throughout the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Voss
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Maryse E Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gerson D Guercio
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Etienne de Villers-Sidani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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28
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Structural Thalamofrontal Hypoconnectivity Is Related to Oculomotor Corollary Discharge Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2102-2113. [PMID: 30630882 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1473-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By predicting sensory consequences of actions, humans can distinguish self-generated sensory inputs from those that are elicited externally. This is one mechanism by which we achieve a subjective sense of agency over our actions. Corollary discharge (CD) signals-"copies" of motor signals sent to sensory areas-permit such predictions, and CD abnormalities are a hypothesized mechanism for the agency disruptions in schizophrenia that characterize a subset of symptoms. Indeed, behavioral evidence of altered CD, including in the oculomotor system, has been observed in schizophrenia patients. A pathway projecting from the superior colliculus to the frontal eye fields (FEFs) via the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) conveys oculomotor CD associated with saccadic eye movements in nonhuman primates. This animal work provides a promising translational framework in which to investigate CD abnormalities in clinical populations. In the current study, we examined whether structural connectivity of this MD-FEF pathway relates to oculomotor CD functioning in schizophrenia. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy control participants of both sexes underwent diffusion tensor imaging, and a large subset performed a trans-saccadic perceptual task that yields measures of CD. Using probabilistic tractography, we identified anatomical connections between FEF and MD and extracted indices of microstructural integrity. Patients exhibited compromised microstructural integrity in the MD-FEF pathway, which was correlated with greater oculomotor CD abnormalities and more severe psychotic symptoms. These data reinforce the role of the MD-FEF pathway in transmitting oculomotor CD signals and suggest that disturbances in this pathway may relate to psychotic symptom manifestation in patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT People with schizophrenia sometimes experience abnormalities in a sense of agency, which may stem from abnormal sensory predictions about their own actions. Consistent with this notion, the current study found reduced structural connectivity in patients with schizophrenia in a specific brain pathway found to transmit such sensorimotor prediction signals in nonhuman primates. Reduced structural connectivity was correlated with behavioral evidence for impaired sensorimotor predictions and psychotic symptoms.
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29
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Russo P, Prinzi G, Proietti S, Lamonaca P, Frustaci A, Boccia S, Amore R, Lorenzi M, Onder G, Marzetti E, Valdiglesias V, Guadagni F, Valente MG, Cascio GL, Fraietta S, Ducci G, Bonassi S. Shorter telomere length in schizophrenia: Evidence from a real-world population and meta-analysis of most recent literature. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:37-45. [PMID: 30001973 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder. Schizophrenia is visualized as an accelerated cellular aging syndrome characterized by early onset of cardiovascular disease causing premature mortality. In human aging involves alterations in telomere length (TL). To investigate the presence of TL shortening in schizophrenia and psychiatric syndromes associated, this condition was studied in leukocytes (LTL) of a sample of patients suffering from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and compared with a group of non-psychiatric controls. We explored the relationship between LTL and age, gender, and smoking habit with the aim to control whether these potential confounding factors may influence the rate of telomeres shortening. We also performed a new comprehensive meta-analysis including studies on LTL in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy subjects published in the last two years and the results of the present study. Our results suggest that a diagnosis of schizophrenia, more than gender, age, cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking, is the most important condition responsible of the LTL shortening. A strong LTL shortening was observed in patients affected by schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, and Psychosis not otherwise specified when they were younger than 50 years, while in the group of older subjects no major differences were observed. Additional evidence supporting the causal link of schizophrenia with accelerated telomeres shortening came from the analysis of the updated meta-analysis. The availability of a personalized profile of mechanistic pathways, risk factors, and clinical features may pose the basis for a rehabilitative treatment addressing individual needs of the psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Specialist Services-Eating Disorders, Barnet and Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St. Ann's Hospitals, St. Ann's Road, N15 3TH, London, UK
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene-Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Rosarita Amore
- Section of Hygiene-Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenzi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Universidade de A Coruña, Campus Elviña, s/n -15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Valente
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Gerland Lo Cascio
- San Raffaele Montecompatri, Via San Silvestro 67, 00077 Montecompatri, RM, Italy
| | - Sara Fraietta
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, RM, 00135, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, RM, 00135, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy.
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30
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Solana C, Pereira D, Tarazona R. Early Senescence and Leukocyte Telomere Shortening in SCHIZOPHRENIA: A Role for Cytomegalovirus Infection? Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8100188. [PMID: 30340343 PMCID: PMC6210638 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder characterized by delusions and hallucinations. Several evidences support the link of schizophrenia with accelerated telomeres shortening and accelerated aging. Thus, schizophrenia patients show higher mortality compared to age-matched healthy donors. The etiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Telomere erosion has been shown to be accelerated by different factors including environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption or by psychosocial stress such as childhood maltreatment. In humans, telomere studies have mainly relied on measurements of leukocyte telomere length and it is generally accepted that individuals with short leukocyte telomere length are considered biologically older than those with longer ones. A dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems has been described in schizophrenia patients and other mental diseases supporting the contribution of the immune system to disease symptoms. Thus, it has been suggested that abnormal immune activation with high pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to still undefined environmental agents such as herpesviruses infections can be involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It has been proposed that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the course of schizophrenia illness, early onset of cardiovascular disease, accelerated aging, and premature mortality in schizophrenia. Prenatal or neonatal exposures to neurotropic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus or Toxoplasma gondii have been proposed as environmental risk factors for schizophrenia in individuals with a risk genetic background. Thus, pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation, together with genetic vulnerability, are considered etiological factors for schizophrenia, and support that inflammation status is involved in the course of illness in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corona Solana
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, 1700-063 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diana Pereira
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, 1700-063 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
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31
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Kao ACC, Burnet PWJ, Lennox BR. Can prebiotics assist in the management of cognition and weight gain in schizophrenia? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 95:179-185. [PMID: 29883788 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is among the top half of the 25 leading causes of disabilities worldwide with a 10-20 year decrease in life expectancy. Ineffective pharmacotherapy in the management of cognitive deficits and weight gain are known to be significant contributors; therefore interventions that may mitigate one, or both, of these parameters would be highly beneficial. Manipulation of the gut microbiome using dietary supplements such as prebiotics may be one such intervention. Preclinical studies have shown that a 2-4 week dietary supplementation with a prebiotic has beneficial effects on learning and memory, and prevents pro-inflammatory signals that are detrimental to cognitive processes. Furthermore, prebiotics influence metabolism, and in obesity they increase the expression of anorexigenic gut hormones such as peptide tyrosine tyrosine, glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin, as well as decrease levels of orexigenic hormones such as ghrelin. Despite compelling evidence for the pro-cognitive and neuroprotective effects of prebiotics in rodents, their ability to alleviate cognitive deficits or enhance cognition needs to be evaluated in humans. Here we suggest that important symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as cognitive impairment and weight gain, may benefit from concurrent prebiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chia-Ching Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Philip W J Burnet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda R Lennox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
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32
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Hernández-Hernández EM, Caporal Hernandez K, Vázquez-Roque RA, Díaz A, de la Cruz F, Florán B, Flores G. The neuropeptide-12 improves recognition memory and neuronal plasticity of the limbic system in old rats. Synapse 2018; 72:e22036. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Caporal Hernandez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Rubén Antonio Vázquez-Roque
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; 14 Sur 6301, Puebla México
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, CDMEX; México
| | - Benjamin Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados IPN, DF; México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; 14 Sur 6301, Puebla México
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Marballi KK, Gallitano AL. Immediate Early Genes Anchor a Biological Pathway of Proteins Required for Memory Formation, Long-Term Depression and Risk for Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:23. [PMID: 29520222 PMCID: PMC5827560 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While the causes of myriad medical and infectious illnesses have been identified, the etiologies of neuropsychiatric illnesses remain elusive. This is due to two major obstacles. First, the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Second, numerous genes influence susceptibility for these illnesses. Genome-wide association studies have identified at least 108 genomic loci for schizophrenia, and more are expected to be published shortly. In addition, numerous biological processes contribute to the neuropathology underlying schizophrenia. These include immune dysfunction, synaptic and myelination deficits, vascular abnormalities, growth factor disruption, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction. However, the field of psychiatric genetics lacks a unifying model to explain how environment may interact with numerous genes to influence these various biological processes and cause schizophrenia. Here we describe a biological cascade of proteins that are activated in response to environmental stimuli such as stress, a schizophrenia risk factor. The central proteins in this pathway are critical mediators of memory formation and a particular form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, long-term depression (LTD). Each of these proteins is also implicated in schizophrenia risk. In fact, the pathway includes four genes that map to the 108 loci associated with schizophrenia: GRIN2A, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc3), early growth response 1 (EGR1) and NGFI-A Binding Protein 2 (NAB2); each of which contains the "Index single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)" (most SNP) at its respective locus. Environmental stimuli activate this biological pathway in neurons, resulting in induction of EGR immediate early genes: EGR1, EGR3 and NAB2. We hypothesize that dysfunction in any of the genes in this pathway disrupts the normal activation of Egrs in response to stress. This may result in insufficient electrophysiologic, immunologic, and neuroprotective, processes that these genes normally mediate. Continued adverse environmental experiences, over time, may thereby result in neuropathology that gives rise to the symptoms of schizophrenia. By combining multiple genes associated with schizophrenia susceptibility, in a functional cascade triggered by neuronal activity, the proposed biological pathway provides an explanation for both the polygenic and environmental influences that determine the complex etiology of this mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan K. Marballi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Amelia L. Gallitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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