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Lei Y, Wang X, Sun S, He B, Sun W, Wang K, Chen Z, Guo Z, Li Z. A review of lipid accumulation by oleaginous yeasts: Culture mode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170385. [PMID: 38364585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microbial lipids have attracted considerable interest owing to their favorable environmental sustainability benefits. In laboratory-scale studies, the factors impacting lipid production in oleaginous yeasts, including culture conditions, nutrients, and low-cost substrates, have been extensively studied. However, there were several different modes of microbial lipid cultivation (batch culture, fed-batch culture, continuous culture, and other novel culture modes), making it difficult to comprehensively analyze impacting factors under different cultivation modes on a laboratory scale. And only few cases of microbial lipid production have been conducted at the pilot scale, which requires more technological reliability assessments and environmental benefit evaluations. Thus, this study summarized the different culture modes and cases of scale-up processes, highlighting the role of the nutrient element ratio in regulating culture mode selection and lipid accumulation. The cost distribution and environmental benefits of microbial lipid production by oleaginous yeasts were also investigated. Our results suggested that the continuous culture mode was recommended for the scale-up process because of its stable lipid accumulation. More importantly, exploring the continuous culture mode integrated with other efficient culture modes remained to be further investigated. In research on scale-up processes, low-cost substrate (organic waste) application and optimization of reactor operational parameters were key to increasing environmental benefits and reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lei
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Shushuang Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Bingyang He
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wenjin Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhengxian Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Chen L, Peng Q, Chen Y, Wang C, Li K, Nian H. Enhancement production of lipid and unsaturation of fatty acids in Cryptococcus humicola via addition of calcium ion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:50. [PMID: 36542152 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids synthesized by oleaginous yeasts are considered to be the best candidates for biodiesel production. Cryptococcus humicola as an oleaginous yeast accumulated lipid in cells. In order to optimize the conditions for lipid production, different carbon and nitrogen sources were used and metals were added into the medium. Ca2+ addition increased the lipid production greatly. Xylose and peptone were optimal carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively for lipid accumulation. Response surface experiment results revealed that the accumulation of lipid could be maximized when the xylose, peptone and Ca2+ concentration was 61 g/L, 4.31 g/L, 0.67 mmol/L. C16 and C18 fatty acid account for about 91% of the total fatty acids. The most abundant fatty acid was oleic acid (42.68%), followed by palmitic acid (29.7%) and stearic acid (13.87%). The addition of Ca2+ increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids (such as C16:1 and C18:1) and improved the unsaturation of fatty acids. Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that expression of genes related to lipid biosynthesis showed up-regulated by Ca2+ treatment. This study provided a strategy for increase in lipid production and content of unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Qianyun Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Yuner Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Chengsong Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Kunzhi Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjuan Nian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China.
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Mota MN, Múgica P, Sá-Correia I. Exploring Yeast Diversity to Produce Lipid-Based Biofuels from Agro-Forestry and Industrial Organic Residues. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070687. [PMID: 35887443 PMCID: PMC9315891 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of yeast diversity for the sustainable production of biofuels, in particular biodiesel, is gaining momentum in recent years. However, sustainable, and economically viable bioprocesses require yeast strains exhibiting: (i) high tolerance to multiple bioprocess-related stresses, including the various chemical inhibitors present in hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass and residues; (ii) the ability to efficiently consume all the major carbon sources present; (iii) the capacity to produce lipids with adequate composition in high yields. More than 160 non-conventional (non-Saccharomyces) yeast species are described as oleaginous, but only a smaller group are relatively well characterised, including Lipomyces starkeyi, Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, Cutaneotrichosporonoleaginosus and Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum. This article provides an overview of lipid production by oleaginous yeasts focusing on yeast diversity, metabolism, and other microbiological issues related to the toxicity and tolerance to multiple challenging stresses limiting bioprocess performance. This is essential knowledge to better understand and guide the rational improvement of yeast performance either by genetic manipulation or by exploring yeast physiology and optimal process conditions. Examples gathered from the literature showing the potential of different oleaginous yeasts/process conditions to produce oils for biodiesel from agro-forestry and industrial organic residues are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N. Mota
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Múgica
- BIOREF—Collaborative Laboratory for Biorefineries, Rua da Amieira, Apartado 1089, São Mamede de Infesta, 4465-901 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Investigating the Bioconversion Potential of Volatile Fatty Acids: Use of Oleaginous Yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus towards the Sustainable Production of Biodiesel and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts have attracted increasing scientific interest as single cell oil (SCO) producers. SCO can be used as a fossil-free fuel substitute, but also as a source of rarely found odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs), such as C15, C17, and C25 fatty acids which have a wide range of nutritional and biological applications. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have gained interest as sustainable carbon source for yeasts. This study aims to improve current knowledge on yeast species that yield high amounts of SCO using VFAs as a carbon source. Specifically, the growth of the promising yeasts Cryptococcus curvatus and Rhodotorula toruloides was evaluated on individual VFAs, such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. C. curvatus proved to be more tolerant in higher concentrations of VFAs (up to 60 g/L), while butyric acid favored biomass and lipid conversion (0.65 and 0.23 g/gsubstrate, respectively). For R. toruloides, butyric acid favored biomass conversion (0.48 g/gsubstrate), but lipid conversion was favored using acetic acid, instead (0.14 g/gsubstrate). Propionic acid induced the formation of OCFAs, which yielded higher amounts for C. curvatus (up to 2.17 g/L). VFAs derived from the anaerobic digestion of brewer’s spent grain were tested as a cost-competitive carbon source and illustrated the significance of the combination of different VFAs in the quality of the produced SCO, by improving the biodiesel properties and OCFAs production.
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Bioconversion of the Brown Tunisian Seaweed Halopteris scoparia: Application to Energy. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The brown Tunisian seaweed Halopteris scoparia was used as a feedstock for producing renewable bioethanol, biogas, and biodiesel to demonstrate the proof of concept for the North African energy sector. A quantitative and qualitative quantification of H. scoparia composition using different colorimetric methods was completed to highlight its bioconversion potential. These substrate inputs were subjected to anaerobic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce bioethanol. The materials were also used to generate bio-hydrogen and volatile fatty acids during dark fermentation by a bacterial consortium and using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The lipids were extracted and trans-esterified to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs), and their profiles were then analyzed with gas chromatography (GC). A significant ratio of the bioethanol, e.g., 0.35 g ethanol/g DW substrate, was produced without pretreatment, consistent with the theoretical Gay-Lussac yield. The production of the biohydrogen and lipids were up to 1.3 mL H2/g DW substrate and 0.04 g/g DW substrate, respectively, from the raw biomass. These results were higher than those reported for other well-studied seaweeds such as L. japonica. Overall, this work contributes to the current investigations in Tunisia for producing alternative energies from algae and finding new solutions to the current energy situation and environmental challenges in Maghreb.
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Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Halomonas bluephagenesis Enhances Acetate Tolerance and Utilization to Produce Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093022. [PMID: 35566371 PMCID: PMC9103988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate is a promising economical and sustainable carbon source for bioproduction, but it is also a known cell-growth inhibitor. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with acetate as selective pressure was applied to Halomonas bluephagenesis TD1.0, a fast-growing and contamination-resistant halophilic bacterium that naturally accumulates poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). After 71 transfers, the evolved strain, B71, was isolated, which not only showed better fitness (in terms of tolerance and utilization rate) to high concentrations of acetate but also produced a higher PHB titer compared with the parental strain TD1.0. Subsequently, overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) in B71 resulted in a further increase in acetate utilization but a decrease in PHB production. Through whole-genome resequencing, it was speculated that genetic mutations (single-nucleotide variation (SNV) in phaB, mdh, and the upstream of OmpA, and insertion of TolA) in B71 might contribute to its improved acetate adaptability and PHB production. Finally, in a 5 L bioreactor with intermittent feeding of acetic acid, B71 was able to produce 49.79 g/L PHB and 70.01 g/L dry cell mass, which were 147.2% and 82.32% higher than those of TD1.0, respectively. These results highlight that ALE provides a reliable method to harness H. bluephagenesis to metabolize acetate for the production of PHB or other high-value chemicals more efficiently.
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Gufrana T, Islam H, Khare S, Pandey A, P R. In-situ transesterification of single-cell oil for biodiesel production: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:120-135. [PMID: 35499507 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2065684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel synthesis and production demands have increased because of its high degradability, cleaner emissions, non-toxicity, and an alternative to petroleum diesel. In this context, Single Cell Oil (SCO) has been identified as an alternative feedstock, having the advantage of accumulating high intracellular lipid. SCO/microbial lipids are potential alternatives for sustainable biodiesel production. The traditional technique for biodiesel production from the oils obtained from microbes generally requires two steps: lipid extraction and transesterification. In-situ transesterification is an innovative and renewable process for biodiesel production. It rules out the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, as it directly uses biomass in a single step, i.e., the pretreated biomass will be subjected to in-situ transesterification in the presence of catalysts. Hence, the production cost can be reduced by eliminating the lipid extraction procedure. The current review focuses on the basic features and advantages of in-situ transesterification of SCO for biodiesel production with the aid of short-chain alcohols along with different acid, base, and enzyme catalysts. In addition, a comparative study was carried out to highlight the merits of in-situ transesterification over conventional transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gufrana
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hasibul Islam
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivani Khare
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radha P
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Microbial Lipid Production from High Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids via Trichosporon cutaneum for Biodiesel Preparation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2968-2979. [PMID: 35316474 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct bioconversion of high concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into microbial lipid is challenging due to the aggravated cytotoxicity of VFAs at high loadings. Herein, a robust oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was screened for lipogenesis from high concentration of VFAs using a regular batch culture. Biomass and lipid content of 8.9 g/L and 49.1%, respectively, were attained from 50 g/L acetic acid with 90.9% of which assimilated within 10 days. The blend of VFAs (50 g/L), with mass ratio of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids of 6:3:1, was found superior to acetic acid for lipogenesis. Biomass and lipid titer increased by 16.9% and 18.2%, respectively, with the three VFAs completely consumed within 8 days. Butyric acid was assimilated simultaneously with acetic acid at the beginning of the culture. Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) were produced when propionic acid co-existed with acetic and butyric acids. The estimation of biodiesel properties indicated that lipid prepared from VFA blend showed superiority to acetic acid for high-quality biodiesel production. This study strongly supported that T. cutaneum permitted high concentration of VFA mixture for lipid production.
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Burgstaller L, Löffler S, De Marcellis L, Ghassemi K, Neureiter M. The influence of different carbon sources on growth and single cell oil production in oleaginous yeasts Apiotrichum brassicae and Pichia kudriavzevii. N Biotechnol 2022; 69:1-7. [PMID: 35182781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts offer an interesting possibility for renewable lipid production, since the single cell oil accumulated can be based on a wide range of cheap, waste-derived carbon sources. Here, several short chain carboxylic acids and sugars commonly found in these substrates were assessed as carbon sources for Apiotrichum brassicae and Pichia kudriavzevii. While both strains were able to utilize all carbon sources employed, high volumetric lipid productivities (0.4g/Lh) and lipid contents (68%) could be reached particularly with acetic acid as carbon source. Odd-numbered volatile fatty acids led to lower productivities and lipid contents, but the lipids contained unusually high proportions of odd-numbered fatty acids (up to 80% of total fatty acids). These fatty acids are rather uncommon in nature and might offer the possibility for various high value applications. In conclusion both strains are able to utilize a wide range of substrates potentially present in waste-derived substrates. Lipid content and volumetric lipid productivity strongly depend on the carbon source, with even-numbered volatile fatty acids resulting in the highest values. For volatile fatty acids in particular, the carbon source also strongly influences the composition of the lipids produced by the yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Burgstaller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Löffler
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca De Marcellis
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Khatereh Ghassemi
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Neureiter
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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Su K, Song M, Yu Z, Wang C, Sun J, Li X, Liu N, Mou Y, Lu T. The effect of volatile fatty acids on the growth and lipid properties of two microalgae strains during batch heterotrophic cultivation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131204. [PMID: 34467947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the bottlenecks of waste resource utilization and energy shortage that restrict the commercial production of microalgae biodiesel, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from activated sludge were used as the sole carbon source to culture oleaginous microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-1216 and Scenedesmus quadricauda FACHB-1297 under the mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation. Four VFAs ratios (acetic acids (AA): propionic acids (PA): butyric acids (BA)) were tested to determine the effects and mechanisms of the VFAs on the two microalgae. The highest lipid content (29.54%) and lipid production (71.10 mg L-1) were achieved by S. quadricauda at the VFAs ratio of 6: 1: 3 under heterotrophic condition, with 46.27% and 67.52% removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. The assimilation efficiency of AA was the highest at 73.37%, followed by that of PA and BA. For C. pyrenoidosa, VFAs promoted the rapid reproduction within 2 days under the heterotrophic condition at different initial inoculation densities. At the optimal VFA ratio, algae achieved the highest biomass concentration (0.14 ± 0.02 g L-1), with a specific growth rate of 0.91 d-1 and biomass productivity of 125.17 mg L-1 d-1. The removal rates of total nitrogen and phosphorus were 47.03% and 74.40%, respectively, and the assimilation efficiency of AA was the best (61.06%). High AA assimilation efficiency under the heterotrophic condition was beneficial for the algal growth and lipid accumulation. These results simultaneously produced microalgae-based bioenergy and recycled VFAs in anaerobically digested effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyang Su
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China.
| | - Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Yiwen Mou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Tianxiang Lu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
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Chalima A, de Castro LF, Burgstaller L, Sampaio P, Carolas AL, Gildemyn S, Velghe F, Ferreira BS, Pais C, Neureiter M, Dietrich T, Topakas E. Waste-derived volatile fatty acids as carbon source for added-value fermentation approaches. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6283741. [PMID: 34036336 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a sustainable circular bioeconomy requires the effective material recycling from biomass and biowaste beyond composting/fertilizer or anaerobic digestion/bioenergy. Recently, volatile fatty acids attracted much attention due to their potential application as carbon source for the microbial production of high added-value products. Their low-cost production from different types of wastes through dark fermentation is a key aspect, which will potentially lead to the sustainable production of fuels, materials or chemicals, while diminishing the waste volume. This article reviews the utilization of a volatile fatty acid platform for the microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, single cell oil and omega-3 fatty acids, giving emphasis on the fermentation challenges for the efficient implementation of the bioprocess and how they were addressed. These challenges were addressed through a research project funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme entitled 'VOLATILE-Biowaste derived volatile fatty acid platform for biopolymers, bioactive compounds and chemical building blocks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Chalima
- Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Laura Fernandez de Castro
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci 1, 01510 Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Lukas Burgstaller
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Paula Sampaio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Carolas
- Biotrend SA - Biocant Park, Núcleo 04, Lote 2, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Celia Pais
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Markus Neureiter
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci 1, 01510 Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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Chattopadhyay A, Maiti MK. Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:1-98. [PMID: 34353502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production has been studied extensively for years; however, lipid metabolic engineering in many of the extraordinarily high lipid-accumulating yeasts was impeded by inadequate understanding of the metabolic pathways including regulatory mechanisms defining their oleaginicity and the limited genetic tools available. The aim of this review is to highlight the prominent oleaginous yeast genera, emphasizing their oleaginous characteristics, in conjunction with diverse other features such as cheap carbon source utilization, withstanding the effect of inhibitory compounds, commercially favorable fatty acid composition-all supporting their future development as economically viable lipid feedstock. The unique aspects of metabolism attributing to their oleaginicity are accentuated in the pretext of outlining the various strategies successfully implemented to improve the production of lipid and lipid-derived metabolites. A large number of in silico data generated on the lipid accumulation in certain oleaginous yeasts have been carefully curated, as suggestive evidences in line with the exceptional oleaginicity of these organisms. The different genetic elements developed in these yeasts to execute such strategies have been scrupulously inspected, underlining the major types of newly-found and synthetically constructed promoters, transcription terminators, and selection markers. Additionally, there is a plethora of advanced genetic toolboxes and techniques described, which have been successfully used in oleaginous yeasts in the recent years, promoting homologous recombination, genome editing, DNA assembly, and transformation at remarkable efficiencies. They can accelerate and effectively guide the rational designing of system-wide metabolic engineering approaches pinpointing the key targets for developing industrially suitable yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Factors affecting microbial lipids production by Yarrowia lipolytica strains from volatile fatty acids: Effect of co-substrates, operation mode and oxygen. J Biotechnol 2021; 331:37-47. [PMID: 33652072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which can be generated by acidogenesis of organic wastes, are important building blocks for chemicals production, and are intermediates in many bioprocesses such as microbial lipids production. Important factors affecting the bioconversion of VFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) by Yarrowia lipolytica W29 and NCYC 2904 for growth and lipids accumulation were studied. Yarrowia lipolytica grew efficiently in VFAs-based media, but lipids production was enhanced by the addition of co-substrates (glucose or glycerol) in batch cultures. A two-stage batch culture - growth phase on glucose, followed by VFAs addition, improved lipids accumulation. Lipids concentrations of 2.3 g·L-1 and 3.5 g·L-1 were obtained with this mode of operation, with addition of 18 g·L-1 VFAs, for Y. lipolytica W29 and NCYC 2904, respectively. For the first time, it was demonstrated that oxygen mass transfer is a crucial factor for lipids production by Y. lipolytica from VFAs. Intracellular lipids produced by Y. lipolytica strains were mainly composed by oleic and linoleic acids, similar to common vegetable oils, making these lipids suitable for biodiesel production. Moreover, margaric acid, which may improve biodiesel properties, was only detected in propionate medium. The strategies studied herein will contribute to the feasibility of using VFAs as low-cost feedstock for microbial lipids production by Y. lipolytica strains.
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Patel A, Sarkar O, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Valorization of volatile fatty acids derived from low-cost organic waste for lipogenesis in oleaginous microorganisms-A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124457. [PMID: 33316701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To meet environmental sustainability goals, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. At present, microbial fermentation for oil production relies on pure sugar-based feedstocks. However, these feedstocks are expensive and are in limited supply. Volatile fatty acids, which are generated as intermediates during anaerobic digestion of organic waste have emerged as a renewable feedstock that has the potential to replace conventional sugar sources for microbial oil production. They comprise short-chain (C2 to C6) organic acids and are employed as building blocks in the chemical industry. The present review discusses the use of oleaginous microorganisms for the production of biofuels and added-value products starting from volatile fatty acids as feedstocks. The review describes the metabolic pathways enabling lipogenesis from volatile fatty acids, and focuses on strategies to enhance lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms by tuning the ratios of volatile fatty acids generated via anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Omprakash Sarkar
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Seong W, Han GH, Lim HS, Baek JI, Kim SJ, Kim D, Kim SK, Lee H, Kim H, Lee SG, Lee DH. Adaptive laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli lacking cellular byproduct formation for enhanced acetate utilization through compensatory ATP consumption. Metab Eng 2020; 62:249-259. [PMID: 32931907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetate has attracted great attention as a carbon source to develop economically feasible bioprocesses for sustainable bioproducts. Acetate is a less-preferred carbon source and a well-known growth inhibitor of Escherichia coli. In this study, we carried out adaptive laboratory evolution of an E. coli strain lacking four genes (adhE, pta, ldhA, and frdA) involved in acetyl-CoA consumption, allowing the efficient utilization of acetate as its sole carbon and energy source. Four genomic mutations were found in the evolved strain through whole-genome sequencing, and two major mutations (in cspC and patZ) mainly contributed to efficient utilization of acetate and tolerance to acetate. Transcriptomic reprogramming was examined by analyzing the genome-wide transcriptome with different carbon sources. The evolved strain showed high levels of intracellular ATP by upregulation of genes involved in NADH and ATP biosynthesis, which facilitated the production of enhanced green fluorescent protein, mevalonate, and n-butanol using acetate alone. This new strain, given its high acetate tolerance and high ATP levels, has potential as a starting host for cell factories targeting the production of acetyl-CoA-derived products from acetate or of products requiring high ATP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Seong
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Hwan Han
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganism (CIALM), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Lim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Baek
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haseong Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Akkermans V, Verstraete R, Braem C, D'aes J, Dries J. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Production from Oleaginous Yeast Cell Lysate byMoesziomyces aphidis. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Akkermans
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ruben Verstraete
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braem
- Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Karel de Grote University College, Hoboken, Belgium
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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18
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Martins LC, Monteiro CC, Semedo PM, Sá-Correia I. Valorisation of pectin-rich agro-industrial residues by yeasts: potential and challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6527-6547. [PMID: 32474799 PMCID: PMC7347521 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pectin-rich agro-industrial residues are feedstocks with potential for sustainable biorefineries. They are generated in high amounts worldwide from the industrial processing of fruits and vegetables. The challenges posed to the industrial implementation of efficient bioprocesses are however manyfold and thoroughly discussed in this review paper, mainly at the biological level. The most important yeast cell factory platform for advanced biorefineries is currently Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but this yeast species cannot naturally catabolise the main sugars present in pectin-rich agro-industrial residues hydrolysates, in particular D-galacturonic acid and L-arabinose. However, there are non-Saccharomyces species (non-conventional yeasts) considered advantageous alternatives whenever they can express highly interesting metabolic pathways, natively assimilate a wider range of carbon sources or exhibit higher tolerance to relevant bioprocess-related stresses. For this reason, the interest in non-conventional yeasts for biomass-based biorefineries is gaining momentum. This review paper focuses on the valorisation of pectin-rich residues by exploring the potential of yeasts that exhibit vast metabolic versatility for the efficient use of the carbon substrates present in their hydrolysates and high robustness to cope with the multiple stresses encountered. The major challenges and the progresses made related with the isolation, selection, sugar catabolism, metabolic engineering and use of non-conventional yeasts and S. cerevisiae-derived strains for the bioconversion of pectin-rich residue hydrolysates are discussed. The reported examples of value-added products synthesised by different yeasts using pectin-rich residues are reviewed. Key Points • Review of the challenges and progresses made on the bioconversion of pectin-rich residues by yeasts. • Catabolic pathways for the main carbon sources present in pectin-rich residues hydrolysates. • Multiple stresses with potential to affect bioconversion productivity. • Yeast metabolic engineering to improve pectin-rich residues bioconversion. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C Martins
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina C Monteiro
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula M Semedo
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Chan LG, Dias FFG, Saarni A, Cohen J, Block D, Taha AY, Moura Bell JMLN. Scaling up the Bioconversion of Cheese Whey Permeate into Fungal Oil by
Mucor circinelloides. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn G. Chan
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Fernanda F. G. Dias
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Andrew Saarni
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - David Block
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Juliana M. L. N. Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringUniversity of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
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Cell Factories for Industrial Production Processes: Current Issues and Emerging Solutions. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all the progresses made by metabolic engineering, still only a few biotechnological processes are running at an industrial level. In order to boost the biotechnological sector, integration strategies as well as long-term views are needed. The aim of the present review is to identify the main drawbacks in biotechnological processes, and to propose possible solutions to overcome the issues in question. Novel cell factories and bioreactor design are discussed as possible solutions. In particular, the following microorganisms: Yarrowia lipolytica, Trichosporon oleaginosus, Ustilago cynodontis, Debaryomyces hansenii along with sequential bioreactor configurations are presented as possible cell factories and bioreactor design solutions, respectively.
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Lipid Production from Sugarcane Top Hydrolysate and Crude Glycerol with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis using a Two-Stage Batch-Cultivation Strategy with Separate Optimization of Each Stage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030453. [PMID: 32210119 PMCID: PMC7143989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms, including oleaginous yeasts, are recognized as feedstock for biodiesel production. A production process development of these organisms is necessary to bring lipid feedstock production up to the industrial scale. This study aimed to enhance lipid production of low-cost substrates, namely sugarcane top and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, by using a two-stage cultivation process with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-SP314. In the first stage, sugarcane top hydrolysate was used for cell propagation, and in the second stage, cells were suspended in a crude glycerol solution for lipid production. Optimization for high cell mass production in the first stage, and for high lipid production in the second stage, were performed separately using a one-factor-at-a-time methodology together with response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions in the first stage (sugarcane top hydrolysate broth containing; 43.18 g/L total reducing sugars, 2.58 g/L soy bean powder, 0.94 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.39 g/L KH2PO4 and 2.5 g/L MgSO4 7H2O, pH 6, 200 rpm, 28 °C and 48 h) and second stage (81.54 g/L crude glycerol, pH 5, 180 rpm, 27 °C and 196 h), a high lipid concentration of 15.85 g/L, a high cell mass of 21.07 g/L and a high lipid content of 73.04% dry cell mass were obtained.
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Fungi (Mold)-Based Lipid Production. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31148121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of alternative energy sources with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and striving toward a sustainable economy. Bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the primary choices of alternative transportation fuels. At present, biodiesel is not competitive with conventional fuel due to its high price, and the only way to compete with conventional fuel is to improve the quality, reduce the costs, and coproduce value-added products. With the high demand for lipids in the energy sector and other industrial applications, microbial lipids accumulated from microorganisms, especially oleaginous fungi and yeasts have been the important topic of many recent research studies. This chapter summarizes the current status of knowledge and technology about lipid production by oleaginous fungi and yeasts for biofuel applications and other value-added products. The chapter focuses on several aspects such as the most promising oleaginous strains, strain development, improvement of lipid production, methods and protocols to cultivate oleaginous fungi, substrate utilization, fermentation process design, and downstream processing. The feasibility and challenges during the large-scale commercial production of microbial lipids as fuel sources are also discussed. It provides an overview of microbial lipid production biorefinery and also future development directions.
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Gao R, Li Z, Zhou X, Bao W, Cheng S, Zheng L. Enhanced lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica cultured with synthetic and waste-derived high-content volatile fatty acids under alkaline conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:3. [PMID: 31911818 PMCID: PMC6945533 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) can be effective and promising alternate carbon sources for microbial lipid production by a few oleaginous yeasts. However, the severe inhibitory effect of high-content (> 10 g/L) VFAs on these yeasts has impeded the production of high lipid yields and their large-scale application. Slightly acidic conditions have been commonly adopted because they have been considered favorable to oleaginous yeast cultivation. However, the acidic pH environment further aggravates this inhibition because VFAs appear largely in an undissociated form under this condition. Alkaline conditions likely alleviate the severe inhibition of high-content VFAs by significantly increasing the dissociation degree of VFAs. This hypothesis should be verified through a systematic research. RESULTS The combined effects of high acetic acid concentrations and alkaline conditions on VFA utilization, cell growth, and lipid accumulation of Yarrowia lipolytica were systematically investigated through batch cultures of Y. lipolytica by using high concentrations (30-110 g/L) of acetic acid as a carbon source at an initial pH ranging from 6 to 10. An initial pH of 8 was determined as optimal. The highest biomass and lipid production (37.14 and 10.11 g/L) were obtained with 70 g/L acetic acid, whereas cultures with > 70 g/L acetic acid had decreased biomass and lipid yield due to excessive anion accumulation. Feasibilities on high-content propionic acid, butyric acid, and mixed VFAs were compared and evaluated. Results indicated that Y X/S and Y L/S of cultures on butyric acid (0.570, 0.144) were comparable with those on acetic acid (0.578, 0.160) under alkaline conditions. The performance on propionic acid was much inferior to that on other acids. Mixed VFAs were more beneficial to fast adaptation and lipid production than single types of VFA. Furthermore, cultures on food waste (FW) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) fermentate were carried out and lipid production was effectively improved under this alkaline condition. The highest biomass and lipid production on FW fermentate reached 14.65 g/L (Y X/S: 0.414) and 3.20 g/L (Y L/S: 0.091) with a lipid content of 21.86%, respectively. By comparison, the highest biomass and lipid production on FVW fermentate were 11.84 g/L (Y X/S: 0.534) and 3.08 g/L (Y L/S: 0.139), respectively, with a lipid content of 26.02%. CONCLUSIONS This study assumed and verified that alkaline conditions (optimal pH 8) could effectively alleviate the lethal effect of high-content VFA on Y. lipolytica and significantly improve biomass and lipid production. These results could provide a new cultivation strategy to achieve simple utilizations of high-content VFAs and increase lipid production. Feasibilities on FW and FVW-derived VFAs were evaluated, and meaningful information was provided for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Bao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shikun Cheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
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Navarrete C, L. Martínez J. Non-conventional yeasts as superior production platforms for sustainable fermentation based bio-manufacturing processes. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Llamas M, Magdalena JA, González-Fernández C, Tomás-Pejó E. Volatile fatty acids as novel building blocks for oil-based chemistry via oleaginous yeast fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:238-250. [PMID: 31544974 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial oils are proposed as a suitable alternative to petroleum-based chemistry in terms of environmental preservation. These oils have traditionally been studied using sugar-based feedstock, which implies high costs, substrate limitation, and high contamination risks. In this sense, low-cost carbon sources such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are envisaged as promising building blocks for lipid biosynthesis to produce oil-based bioproducts. VFAs can be generated from a wide variety of organic wastes through anaerobic digestion and further converted into lipids by oleaginous yeasts (OYs) in a fermentation process. These microorganisms can accumulate in the form of lipid bodies, lipids of up to 60% wt/wt of their biomass. In this context, OY is a promising biotechnological tool for biofuel and bioproduct generation using low-cost VFA media as substrates. This review covers recent advances in microbial oil production from VFAs. Production of VFAs via anaerobic digestion processes and the involved metabolic pathways are reviewed. The main challenges as well as recent approaches for lipid overproduction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Llamas
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | | | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles, Spain
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Xu Q, Bai C, Liu Y, Song L, Tian L, Yan Y, Zhou J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Cai M. Modulation of acetate utilization in Komagataella phaffii by metabolic engineering of tolerance and metabolism. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:61. [PMID: 30936941 PMCID: PMC6427870 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetate, an economical industrial chemical, which is also the precursor of acetyl-CoA, could serve as an alternative substrate for biomanufacturing. This nontraditional substrate can be widely produced from syngas via hydrolysis or pyrolysis of the cellulosic biomass, chemical or microbial catalysis, anaerobic fermentation in treated wastewater, etc. However, the toxicity of acetate to microorganisms has held back its utilization, especially for the eukaryotes that are good hosts for production of complicated pharmaceuticals or chemicals. This study seeks to improve acetate utilization in a widely used yeast host, Komagataella phaffii (previously Pichia pastoris), by metabolic engineering of acetate tolerance, transport, and metabolism. RESULTS A kinase-deficient library of K. phaffii was firstly used to screen acetate-resistant kinases. The HRK1 knockout strain was sensitive to acetate and overexpression of this gene improved acetate tolerance and cell growth of the strain. Also, overexpression of HRK1 caused a 55% productivity improvement of acetyl-CoA-dependent 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MSA). However, activation of Hrk1 on membrane H(+)-ATPase Pma1 seemed not to work in the engineered strain. Acetate transporter gene ScFPS1* was further overexpressed, despite of not improving 6-MSA biosynthesis. To enhance acetate metabolism, acetyl-CoA synthesizing related genes, yeast PpACS1, ScACS1*, and E. coli ackA/pta were overexpressed separately. Introduction of PpACS1 and ScACS1* each increased biosynthesis of 6-MSA by approximately 20% on 20 mM acetate. Finally, co-overexpression of HRK1 and ScACS1* improved 6-MSA productivity by 51% on 20 mM acetate, despite that a low expression level of HRK1 happened when genes were expressed under the same promoter. CONCLUSIONS HRK1 screened by K. phaffii kinase-deficient library played an important role in acetate tolerance and was proved to profit the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals. It could be a potential target for metabolic engineering of acetate utilization in other eukaryotic hosts as well. A combined strategy of introducing genes for acetate tolerance and metabolism further improved biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA derived reporter compound in K. phaffii. This makes it a good choice for acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals with acetate as substrate or precursor in K. phaffii, which would also extend the use of this chassis host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Chenxiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Lin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
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Huang XF, Wang YH, Shen Y, Peng KM, Lu LJ, Liu J. Using non-ionic surfactant as an accelerator to increase extracellular lipid production by oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:272-280. [PMID: 30529332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of non-ionic surfactant on the accumulation of total microbial lipids and extracellular lipid by Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819 with acetic acid as carbon source. Compared with Brij 58 and Triton X-100, Brij 58 most increased the total lipids, with a yield up to 2.84 g/L (extracellular lipid up to 47%). Brij 58 also increased the metabolic flow of acetic acid to lipid accumulation (maximum conversion of 0.54 g/g at 1.0 g/L Brij 58) and limited its conversion to non-lipid biomass (minimum conversion 0.12 g/g at 0.5 g/L Brij 58). The improvement in the proportion of extracellular lipid by tea saponin and Brij 58 was due to changes in cell membrane permeability and improvement of cell membrane fluidity. Triton X-100, having weaker surface activity, promoted release of extracellular lipid and also increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (C22:6, docosahexaenoic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Feng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai-Ming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Jun Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Zhou W, Tang M, Zou T, Peng N, Zhao M, Gong Z. Phosphate removal combined with acetate supplementation enhances lipid production from water hyacinth by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:148. [PMID: 31223338 PMCID: PMC6570911 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipids derived from various lignocellulosic feedstocks have emerged as a promising candidate for the biodiesel industry and a potential substitute for high value-added fats. However, lignocellulosic biomass, especially herbaceous biomass, such as water hyacinth, contains high concentrations of nitrogenous components. These compounds impede microbial lipid production, as lipid biosynthesis is commonly induced by imposing a nutrient deficiency, especially nitrogen starvation. Novel strategies and bioprocesses are pivotal for promoting lipid production from nitrogen-rich biomass. RESULTS Here a combined strategy of phosphate removal and acetate supplementation was described for enhanced microbial lipid production on water hyacinth hydrolysates by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum (formerly Cryptococcus curvatus). Lipid production was significantly improved, when the phosphorus limitation and sugars/acetate co-utilization strategies were used separately. In this case, acetate and glucose were consumed simultaneously. Lipid production was observed by the combination of phosphate removal with acetate supplementation. Lipid titer, content, and yield were determined to be 7.3 g/L, 59.7% and 10.1 g/100 g raw water hyacinth, respectively. These data were increased by 4.2, 4.6, and 4.3 times, respectively, compared to those from the unprocessed hydrolysates. The fatty acid compositions of the resulting lipids bear a marked resemblance to those of rapeseed oil, indicating their applicability to the biodiesel industry. CONCLUSIONS The combination of phosphate removal and acetate supplementation was successful in significantly enhancing microbial lipid production. This strategy offers a valuable solution for nitrogen-rich lignocellulosic feedstocks utilization, which should foster more economical nitrogen-rich biomass-to-lipid bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
- HuBei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mou Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhao
- China Carbon Balance Energy and Tech LTD, 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing, 100004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
- HuBei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
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Chen J, Li W, Zhang ZZ, Tan TW, Li ZJ. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates using acetate as a main carbon source. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:102. [PMID: 29970091 PMCID: PMC6029019 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High production cost of bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a major obstacle to replace traditional petro-based plastics. To address the challenges, strategies towards upstream metabolic engineering and downstream fermentation optimizations have been continuously pursued. Given that the feedstocks especially carbon sources account up to a large portion of the production cost, it is of great importance to explore low cost substrates to manufacture PHA economically. RESULTS Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to synthesize poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) using acetate as a main carbon source. Overexpression of phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase pathway was shown to be an effective strategy for improving acetate assimilation and biopolymer production. The recombinant strain overexpressing phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase and P3HB synthesis operon produced 1.27 g/L P3HB when grown on minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L yeast extract and 5 g/L acetate in shake flask cultures. Further introduction succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and CoA transferase lead to the accumulation of P3HB4HB, reaching a titer of 1.71 g/L with a 4-hydroxybutyrate monomer content of 5.79 mol%. When 1 g/L of α-ketoglutarate or citrate was added to the medium, P3HB4HB titer increased to 1.99 and 2.15 g/L, respectively. To achieve PHBV synthesis, acetate and propionate were simultaneously supplied and propionyl-CoA transferase was overexpressed to provide 3-hydroxyvalerate precursor. The resulting strain produced 0.33 g/L PHBV with a 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer content of 6.58 mol%. Further overexpression of propionate permease improved PHBV titer and 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer content to 1.09 g/L and 10.37 mol%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The application of acetate as carbon source for microbial fermentation could reduce the consumption of food and agro-based renewable bioresources for biorefineries. Our proposed metabolic engineering strategies illustrate the feasibility for producing polyhydroxyalkanoates using acetate as a main carbon source. Overall, as an abundant and renewable resource, acetate would be developed into a cost-effective feedstock to achieve low cost production of chemicals, materials, and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mailbox 53, No. 15 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mailbox 53, No. 15 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zhao-Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tian-Wei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zheng-Jun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mailbox 53, No. 15 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
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30
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Tang M, Zhou W, Liu Y, Yan J, Gong Z. A two-stage process facilitating microbial lipid production from N-acetylglucosamine by Cryptococcus curvatus cultured under non-sterile conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:255-262. [PMID: 29533885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), the monomeric constituent of chitin, is rarely studied for lipid production by oleaginous species. This study demonstrated that Cryptococcus curvatus had a great capacity to convert GlcNAc into lipid with high yield using a two-stage production process. Optimal inoculum age and inoculation size strongly improved the two-stage lipid production efficiency. More interestingly, this process rendered superior lipid production under non-sterile condition. The acetate liberated from GlcNAc was consumed timely, while the NH4+ released was rarely assimilated. Lipid titre, lipid content and lipid yield reached 9.9 g/L, 56.9% and 0.23 g/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those from the conventional process where cell growth and lipid accumulation were coupled. The resulting lipid samples had similar fatty acid compositional profiles to those of vegetable oil, suggesting their potential for biodiesel production. These findings strongly supported the two-stage process as an attractive strategy for better techno-economics of the chitin-to-biodiesel routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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31
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Huang XF, Shen Y, Luo HJ, Liu JN, Liu J. Enhancement of extracellular lipid production by oleaginous yeast through preculture and sequencing batch culture strategy with acetic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:395-401. [PMID: 28961445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819, an acid-tolerant lipid producer, was tested to spill lipids extracellularly using different concentrations of acetic acid as carbon source. Extracellular lipids were released when the yeast was cultured with acetic acid exceeding 20g/L. The highest production of lipid (5.01g/L) was obtained when the yeast was cultured with 40g/L acetic acid. When the yeast was cultivated with moderate concentration (20g/L) of acetic acid, lipid production was further increased by 49.6% through preculture with 40g/L acetic acid as stimulant. When applying high concentration (40g/L) of acetic acid as carbon source in sequencing batch cultivation, extracellular lipids accounted up to 50.5% in the last cycle and the extracellular lipids reached 5.43g/L through the whole process. This study provides an effective strategy to enhance extracellular lipid production and facilitate the recovery of microbial lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Feng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui-Juan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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32
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Qin L, Liu L, Zeng AP, Wei D. From low-cost substrates to Single Cell Oils synthesized by oleaginous yeasts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1507-1519. [PMID: 28642053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As new feedstock for biofuels, microbial oils have received worldwide attentions due to their environmentally-friendly characters. Microbial oil production based on low-cost raw materials is significantly attractive to the current biodiesel refinery industry. In terms of SCOs production, oleaginous yeast has numerous advantages over bacteria, molds and microalgae based on their high growth rate and lipid yield. Numerous efforts have been made on the competitive lipid production combining the use of cheap raw materials as substrates by yeasts. In this paper, we provided an overview of lipid metabolism in yeast cells. New advances using oleaginous yeast as a cell factory for high-value lipid production from various low-cost substrates are also reviewed, and the enhanced strategies based on synergistic effects of oleaginous yeast and microalgae in co-culture are discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd. 381, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
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Lee JE, Vadlani PV, Faubion J. Corn bran bioprocessing: Development of an integrated process for microbial lipids production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:196-203. [PMID: 28666148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of corn bran as a feedstock for microbial lipid production using oleaginous yeast, Trichosporon oleaginosus ATCC20509. Different conditions (solid loading of biomass, acid loading, and pretreatment duration) were applied to optimize pretreatment processes using the Box-Behnken design. The highest sugar yield of 0.53g/g was obtained from corn bran hydrolysates at a pretreatment condition of 5% solid loading and 1% acid loading for 30min. Compared with synthetic media, up to 50% higher lipid accumulations in T. oleaginosus were achieved using corn bran hydrolysates during fermentation. Also, the direct effect of pretreatment condition on the lipid accumulation of T. oleaginosus was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Solid loading of biomass during the pretreatment process significantly affected the fermentation process for lipid accumulation of T. oleaginosus. The RSM model can provide useful information to design an integrated bioconversion platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Praveen V Vadlani
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jon Faubion
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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34
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Bracharz F, Beukhout T, Mehlmer N, Brück T. Opportunities and challenges in the development of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a new cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 29070039 PMCID: PMC5657120 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509, previously known as Trichosporon oleaginosus, Cryptococcus curvatus, Apiotrichum curvatum or Candida curvata D is an oleaginous yeast with several favorable qualities: it is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipid and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis byproducts and genetic accessibility make it a promising cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. However, literature about this organism is of varying degree of quality. Moreover, due to numerous changes of the species name, reports are highly scattered and poorly cited. This led to a poor integration of the findings into a unified body of knowledge. Particularly, errors in strain name usage and consequently citation are found even in most recent literature. To simplify future work, this review provides an overview of published studies and main findings regarding the metabolic capacities of C. oleaginosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Teun Beukhout
- Westerdijk Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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35
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Using Odd-Alkanes as a Carbon Source to Increase the Content of Nutritionally Important Fatty Acids in Candida krusei, Trichosporon cutaneum, and Yarrowia lipolytica. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:8195329. [PMID: 29129976 PMCID: PMC5654280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8195329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the possibility of utilizing unusual carbon sources by three yeast strains: Candida krusei DBM 2136, Trichosporon cutaneum CCY 30-5-10, and Yarrowia lipolytica CCY 30-26-36. These strains are characterized by high biomass yield, ability to accumulate high amounts of lipids, and their potential as producers of dietetically important fatty acids. The aim of this work was the production of nutritionally important fatty acids by utilization of n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms, alone and in combination with glucose and subsequent analysis of microbial lipids accumulation and fatty acid profile. All three yeast strains were able to grow and produce high amounts of the fatty acids of interest. Yarrowia lipolytica was found as the most suitable strain for the growth on n-alkanes (n-pentadecane and n-heptadecane) as the only source of carbon. The addition of biosurfactants rhamnolipids into the cultivation increased the ratio of heptadecenoic acid (up to 17.9% of total FAs in Y. lipolytica CCY 30-26-36, 14.9% in T. cutaneum CCY 30-5-10, and 17.5% in C. krusei DBM 2136) and the total biomass yield. The results show that, by manipulation of the initial cultivation conditions, the ratio of important fatty acids may be increased.
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36
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Selvakumar P, Sivashanmugam P. Thermo-chemo-sonic pre-digestion of waste activated sludge for yeast cultivation to extract lipids for biodiesel production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:90-98. [PMID: 28453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The low cost biosynthesis of microbial lipids are an efficient feedstock to replace plant based oil for biodiesel production. The present study objective is to explore the effect of thermo-chemo-sonic pre-digestion of municipal Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) to cultivate oleaginous L. starkeyi MTCC-1400 as a model organism to produce high yield biomass and lipid. Higher Suspended Solids (SS) reduction (20 and 15.71%) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) solubilization (27.6 and 22.3%) were achieved at a Specific Energy (SE) input of 5569 kJ/kg for WAS digested with NaOH and KOH, respectively. The maximum biomass of 17.52 g L-1 and lipid 64.3% dwt were attained in NaOH pre-digested sample. The analyzed lipid profile exhibited high content of palmitic acid (45.6%) and oleic acid (38.7%) which are more suitable for biofuel production. Thus, these results strongly motivate the use of pre-digested WAS as an efficient and economical substrate for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Selvakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India.
| | - P Sivashanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India.
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Single Cell Oil Production from Hydrolysates of Inulin by a Newly Isolated Yeast Papiliotrema laurentii AM113 for Biodiesel Making. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:168-181. [PMID: 28656552 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial oils are among the most attractive alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. In this study, a newly isolated yeast strain, AM113 of Papiliotrema laurentii, was identified as a potential lipid producer, which could accumulate a large amount of intracellular lipids from hydrolysates of inulin. P. laurentii AM113 was able to produce 54.6% (w/w) of intracellular oil in its cells and 18.2 g/l of dry cell mass in a fed-batch fermentation. The yields of lipid and biomass were 0.14 and 0.25 g per gram of consumed sugar, respectively. The lipid productivity was 0.092 g of oil per hour. Compositions of the fatty acids produced were C14:0 (0.9%), C16:0 (10.8%), C16:1 (9.7%), C18:0 (6.5%), C18:1 (60.3%), and C18:2 (11.8%). Biodiesel obtained from the extracted lipids could be burnt well. This study not only provides a promising candidate for single cell oil production, but will also probably facilitate more efficient biodiesel production.
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Yaguchi A, Rives D, Blenner M. New kids on the block: emerging oleaginous yeast of biotechnological importance. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:227-247. [PMID: 31294158 PMCID: PMC6605006 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in using oleaginous yeast for the production of a variety of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived oleochemicals. This is motivated by natural propensity for high flux through lipid biosynthesis that has naturally evolved, making them a logical starting point for additional genetic engineering to improve titers and productivities. Much of the academic and industrial focus has centered on yeast that have significant genetic engineering tool capabilities, such as Yarrowia lipolytica, and those that have naturally high lipid accumulation, such as Rhodosporidium toruloides and Lipomyces starkeyi; however, there are oleaginous yeast with phenotypes better aligned with typically inhibitory process conditions, such as high salt concentrations and lignocellulosic derived inhibitors. This review addresses the foundational work in characterizing two emerging oleaginous yeast of interest: Debaryomyces hansenii and Trichosporon oleaginosus. We focus on the physiological and metabolic properties of these yeast that make each attractive for bioprocessing of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals, discuss their respective genetic engineering tools and highlight the critical barriers facing the broader implementation of these oleaginous yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Yaguchi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634, USA
| | - Dyllan Rives
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634, USA
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634, USA
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Xavier M, Coradini A, Deckmann A, Franco T. Lipid production from hemicellulose hydrolysate and acetic acid by Lipomyces starkeyi and the ability of yeast to metabolize inhibitors. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Gao R, Li Z, Zhou X, Cheng S, Zheng L. Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica culture with synthetic and food waste-derived volatile fatty acids for lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:247. [PMID: 29093751 PMCID: PMC5661923 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sustainability of microbial lipids production from traditional carbon sources, such as glucose or glycerol, is problematic given the high price of raw materials. Considerable efforts have been directed to minimize the cost and find new alternative carbon sources. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are especially attractive raw materials, because they can be produced from a variety of organic wastes fermentation. Therefore, the use of volatile fatty acids as carbon sources seems to be a feasible strategy for cost-effective microbial lipid production. RESULTS Lipid accumulation in Y. lipolytica using synthetic and food waste-derived VFAs as substrates was systematically compared and evaluated in batch cultures. The highest lipid content obtained with acetic, butyric, and propionic acids reached 31.62 ± 0.91, 28.36 ± 0.74, and 28.91 ± 0.66%, respectively. High concentrations of VFA inhibited cell growth in the following order: butyric acid > propionic acid > acetic acid. Within a 30-day experimental period, Y. lipolytica could adapt up to 20 g/L acetic acid, whereas the corresponding concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid were 10 and 5 g/L, respectively. Cultures on a VFA mixture showed that the utilization of different types of VFA by Y. lipolytica was not synchronized but rather performed in a step-wise manner. Although yeast fermentation is an exothermic process, and the addition of VFA will directly affect the pH of the system by increasing environmental acidity, cultures at a cultivation temperature of 38 °C and uncontrolled pH demonstrated that Y. lipolytica had high tolerance in the high temperature and acidic environment when a low concentration (2.5 g/L) of either synthetic or food waste-derived VFA was used. However, batch cultures fed with food fermentate yielded lower lipid content (18.23 ± 1.12%) and lipid productivity (0.12 ± 0.02 g/L/day). The lipid composition obtained with synthetic and food waste-derived VFA was similar to commercial biodiesel feedstock. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing synthetic and food waste-derived VFA for lipid production by Y. lipolytica. The good adaptability of Y. lipolytica to the high temperature and acidic environment further illustrated its considerable potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shikun Cheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
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Batbileg T, Xu X, Park JM. Retracted Article: Oleaginous yeast-based production of microbial oil from volatile fatty acids obtained by anaerobic digestion of red algae (Gelidium amansii). KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu J, Yuan M, Liu JN, Lu LJ, Peng KM, Huang XF. Microbial conversion of mixed volatile fatty acids into microbial lipids by sequencing batch culture strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:75-81. [PMID: 27710909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Four mixed volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were used as sole carbon source to culture oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus by sequencing batch culture strategy. The highest lipid content (42.7%) and concentration (1.77g/L) were achieved when the ratio of VFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) was 6:3:1. The oleaginous yeast favored to use VFAs for lipid biosynthesis rather than cell proliferation. With regard to the utilization ratio of VFAs, acetic acid reached over 99%, whereas propionic acid was barely 35%. The produced lipids contained nearly 45% of monounsaturated fatty acids, which can be the ideal raw materials for biodiesel production. Additionally, the produced odd-numbered fatty acid content reached 23.6% when the propionate acid content of VFAs was 50%. Further analysis showed that increasing the ratio of acetic acid was most beneficial to cell mass and lipid production, whereas propionic acid and butyric acid were more conducive to lipid and cell mass synthesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Jun Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai-Ming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Li Y, Huang B, Wu H, Li Z, Ye Q, Zhang YHP. Production of Succinate from Acetate by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1299-1307. [PMID: 27088218 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetate, a major component of industrial biological wastewater and of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate, could potentially be a less costly alternative carbon source. Here we engineered Escherichia coli MG1655 strain for succinate production from acetate as the sole carbon source. Strategies of metabolic engineering included the blockage of the TCA cycle, redirection of the gluconeogenesis pathway, and enhancement of the glyoxylate shunt. The engineered strain MG03 featuring the deletion of genes: succinate dehydrogenase (sdhAB), isocitrate lyase regulator (iclR), and malic enzymes (maeB) accumulated 6.86 mM of succinate in 72 h. MG03(pTrc99a-gltA) overexpressing citrate synthase (gltA) accumulated 16.45 mM of succinate and the yield reached 0.46 mol/mol, about 92% of the maximum theoretical yield. Resting-cell was adopted for the conversion of acetate to succinate, and the highest concentration of succinate achieved 61.7 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Bing Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qin Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological
Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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Liu J, Liu JN, Yuan M, Shen ZH, Peng KM, Lu LJ, Huang XF. Bioconversion of volatile fatty acids derived from waste activated sludge into lipids by Cryptococcus curvatus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:548-555. [PMID: 27038264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pure volatile fatty acid (VFA) solution derived from waste activated sludge (WAS) was used to produce microbial lipids as culture medium in this study, which aimed to realize the resource recovery of WAS and provide low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production simultaneously. Cryptococcus curvatus was selected among three oleaginous yeast to produce lipids with VFAs derived from WAS. In batch cultivation, lipid contents increased from 10.2% to 16.8% when carbon to nitrogen ratio increased from about 3.5 to 165 after removal of ammonia nitrogen by struvite precipitation. The lipid content further increased to 39.6% and the biomass increased from 1.56g/L to 4.53g/L after cultivation for five cycles using sequencing batch culture (SBC) strategy. The lipids produced from WAS-derived VFA solution contained nearly 50% of monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, ginkgolic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, which showed the adequacy of biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zi-Heng Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai-Ming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Jun Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Béligon V, Poughon L, Christophe G, Lebert A, Larroche C, Fontanille P. Validation of a predictive model for fed-batch and continuous lipids production processes from acetic acid using the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Yang J, Nie Q. Engineering Escherichia coli to convert acetic acid to β-caryophyllene. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:74. [PMID: 27149950 PMCID: PMC4857421 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Under aerobic conditions, acetic acid is the major byproduct produced by E. coli during the fermentation. And acetic acid is detrimental to cell growth as it destroys transmembrane pH gradients. Hence, how to reduce the production of acetic acid and how to utilize it as a feedstock are of intriguing interest. In this study, we provided an evidence to produce β-caryophyllene by the engineered E. coli using acetic acid as the only carbon source. Results Firstly, to construct the robust acetate-utilizing strain, acetyl-CoA synthases from three different sources were introduced and screened in the E. coli. Secondly, to establish the engineered strains converting acetic acid to β-caryophyllene, acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), β-caryophyllene synthase (QHS1) and geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS2) were co-expressed in the E. coli cells. Thirdly, to further enhance β-caryophyllene production from acetic acid, the heterologous MVA pathway was introduced into the cells. What’s more, acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (AACS) was also expressed in the cells to increase the precursor acetoacetyl-CoA and accordingly resulted in the increase of β-caryophyllene. The final genetically modified strain, YJM67, could accumulate the production of biomass and β-caryophyllene up to 12.6 and 1.05 g/L during 72 h, respectively, with a specific productivity of 1.15 mg h−1 g−1 dry cells, and the conversion efficiency of acetic acid to β-caryophyllene (gram to gram) reached 2.1 %. The yield of β-caryophyllene on acetic acid of this strain also reached approximately 5.6 % of the theoretical yield. Conclusions In the present study, a novel biosynthetic pathway for β-caryophyllene has been investigated by means of conversion of acetic acid to β-caryophyllene using an engineered Escherichia coli. This was the first successful attempt in β-caryophyllene production by E. coli using acetic acid as the only carbon source. Therefore, we have provided a new metabolic engineering tool for β-caryophyllene synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China. .,Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, No.700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Qingjuan Nie
- Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Gong Z, Zhou W, Shen H, Yang Z, Wang G, Zuo Z, Hou Y, Zhao ZK. Co-fermentation of acetate and sugars facilitating microbial lipid production on acetate-rich biomass hydrolysates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:102-8. [PMID: 26874438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The process of lignocellulosic biomass routinely produces a stream that contains sugars plus various amounts of acetic acid. As acetate is known to inhibit the culture of microorganisms including oleaginous yeasts, little attention has been paid to explore lipid production on mixtures of acetate and sugars. Here we demonstrated that the yeast Cryptococcus curvatus can effectively co-ferment acetate and sugars for lipid production. When mixtures of acetate and glucose were applied, C. curvatus consumed both substrates simultaneously. Similar phenomena were also observed for acetate and xylose mixtures, as well as acetate-rich corn stover hydrolysates. More interestingly, the replacement of sugar with equal amount of acetate as carbon source afforded higher lipid titre and lipid content. The lipid products had fatty acid compositional profiles similar to those of cocoa butter, suggesting their potential for high value-added fats and biodiesel production. This co-fermentation strategy should facilitate lipid production technology from lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Gong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
| | - Wenting Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Zuo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yali Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Shen D, Wang K, Yin J, Chen T, Yu X. Effect of phosphoric acid as a catalyst on the hydrothermal pretreatment and acidogenic fermentation of food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 51:65-71. [PMID: 26965213 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrothermal method was applied to food waste (FW) pretreatment with phosphoric acid as a catalyst. The content of soluble substances such as protein and carbohydrate in the FW increased after the hydrothermal pretreatment with phosphoric acid addition (⩽5%). The SCOD approached approximately 29.0g/L in 5% phosphoric acid group, which is almost 65% more than the original FW. The hydrothermal condition was 160°C for 10min, which means that at least 40% of energy and 60% of reaction time were saved to achieve the expected pretreatment effect. Subsequent fermentation tests showed that the optimal dosage of phosphoric acid was 3% with a VFA yield of 0.763g/gVSremoval, but the increase in salinity caused by phosphoric acid could adversely affect the acidogenesis. With an increase in the quantity of phosphoric acid, among the VFAs, the percentage of propionic acid decreased and that of butyric acid increased. The PCR-DGGE analysis indicated that the microbial diversity could decrease with excessive phosphoric acid, which resulted in a low VFA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; CCTEG Hangzhou Environmental Research Institute, Hangzhou 311200, PR China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
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Huang XF, Liu JN, Lu LJ, Peng KM, Yang GX, Liu J. Culture strategies for lipid production using acetic acid as sole carbon source by Rhodosporidium toruloides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:141-149. [PMID: 26851898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.1389 was tested using different concentrations of acetic acid as a low-cost carbon source for the production of microbial lipids, which are good raw materials for biodiesel production. It grew and had higher lipid contents in media containing 4-20 g/L acetic acid as the sole carbon source, compared with that in glucose-containing media under the same culture conditions. At acetic acid concentrations as high as 20 g/L and the optimal carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 200 in a batch culture, the highest biomass production was 4.35 g/L, with a lipid content of 48.2%. At acetic acid concentrations as low as 4 g/L, a sequencing batch culture (SBC) with a C/N of 100 increased biomass production to 4.21 g/L, with a lipid content of 38.6%. These results provide usable culture strategies for lipid production by R. toruloides AS 2.1389 when using diverse waste-derived volatile fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Feng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Jun Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai-Ming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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50
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Shen Y, Jarboe L, Brown R, Wen Z. A thermochemical–biochemical hybrid processing of lignocellulosic biomass for producing fuels and chemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1799-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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