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Tian X, He X, Xu J, Yang Z, Fang W, Yin Y. Mechanism of calcium in melatonin enhancement of functional substance-phenolic acid in germinated hulless barley. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29214-29222. [PMID: 36320768 PMCID: PMC9557744 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acid is a physiologically active substance that has a variety of effects on humans. Barley sprouts are often used as food ingredients to enrich phenolic acids and to further produce functional foods rich in phenolic acids. In this study, the mechanism of Ca2+ involvement in regulating phenolic acid biosynthesis and plant growth in barley by melatonin (MT) under NaCl stress was investigated. According to the studies, MT (25 μM) increased total calcium content, induced Ca2+ burst, and up-regulated the gene expression of calcium-regulated protein-dependent protein kinase and calcium-binding protein transcription-activating protease in NaCl-stressed (60 mM) barley. Exogenous MT and its combined CaCl2 (0.4 mM) significantly promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis by increasing the activity of C4H and PAL, and induced gene expression of PAL and F5H. The addition of exogenous CaCl2 and MT caused systemic tolerance in NaCl-stressed barley, as determined by a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radical anions as well as an enhancement in the antioxidant enzyme, thus significantly increasing sprout length and fresh weight. In addition, combined use of MT with Ca2+ antagonists (lanthanum chloride or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), impaired all impacts as mentioned above. These findings imply that Ca2+ participated in MT-induced phenolic acid biosynthesis and growth improvement in NaCl-stressed barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009People's Republic of China+86-514-89786551+86-514-89786551
| | - Xudong He
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug ControlYangzhouJiangsu 225009People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009People's Republic of China+86-514-89786551+86-514-89786551
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009People's Republic of China+86-514-89786551+86-514-89786551
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009People's Republic of China+86-514-89786551+86-514-89786551
| | - Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009People's Republic of China+86-514-89786551+86-514-89786551
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Yin Y, Tian X, Yang J, Yang Z, Tao J, Fang W. Melatonin mediates isoflavone accumulation in germinated soybeans (Glycine max L.) under ultraviolet-B stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 175:23-32. [PMID: 35168107 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soybean germination under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation stress is a common and effective way to enrich the isoflavone content of sprouts. However, the growth and biomass of germinated soybeans are significantly suppressed using this method. Melatonin (MT), a novel plant biostimulant, not only plays a vital protective role in responses to various abiotic stresses but also regulates the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In the present study, the effects of exogenous MT on the growth and isoflavone metabolism of germinating soybeans exposed to UV-B stress were investigated. Compared to UV-B stress, the application of exogenous MT (25 μM) significantly increased sprout length, fresh weight, Ca2+ influx, and peroxidase activity; markedly decreased the content of malondialdehyde and H2O2 and the fluorescence intensity of H2O2 and O2•-; but had no noticeable effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase during germination. Moreover, the content of total flavonoids and isoflavone monomers (including daidzein, genistein, daidzin, glycitin and genistin) in 4-day-old germinated soybeans was significantly enhanced by MT application under UV-B stress and was not only companied by dramatically increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, but also by markedly increased relative expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase1, chalcone synthase, isoflavone reductase and flavanone 3-hydroxylase that are involved in the isoflavone biosynthesis pathway. The inhibitory effects of UV-B stress on the growth and biomass of germinated soybeans were alleviated with exogenous MT. MT enhanced the content of total flavonoids and isoflavone monomers under UV-B stress by increasing the activity and relative gene expression level of critical isoflavone biosynthesis-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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Lin KH, Lin TY, Wu CW, Chang YS. Protective Effects of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Sage Plants ( Salvia officinalis L. and Salviaelegans Vahl) under High-Temperature Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102110. [PMID: 34685919 PMCID: PMC8540575 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is a major risk to fresh-market Salvia production, and heat intolerance is a major constraint in sage cultivation, particularly during the hot summer season. Previously, we investigated heat tolerance in five common-market cultivars of sage plants using leaf relative injury (RI) values and found that S. elegans Vahl (SE) and S. officinalis L. (SO) were the most and least heat-tolerant species, respectively. The exogenous applications of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to alleviate heat stress in various species have been extensively studied, but reports of the effects of SA and CaCl2 treatments on the heat tolerance of sage plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate how SA and CaCl2 affect the physiology and morphology of SE and SO plants under high-temperature conditions. Potted plants were pretreated with SA (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) and CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM), alone and combined, exposed to 55 °C and 80% humidity for 30 min, then placed in an environment-controlled chamber at 30 °C for three days and evaluated for changes in phenotypic appearance, RI, spectral reflectance, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices at different time intervals. Plants watered without chemical solutions were used as controls. Our results show that the growth of SO plants pretreated with SA and CaCl2 was more robust, compared with control plants, which were considerably affected by heat stress, resulting in brown, withered leaves and defoliation. The effects of the combined applications of SA (100 μM) and CaCl2 (5 mM) to SO plants were superior to control plants in increasing values of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystemII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while reducing RI%. Furthermore, SO plants exhibited higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values and lower RI% than SE plants in combined treatments at all time intervals after heat stress, implying that different genotypes displayed variations in their SPAD, Fv/Fm, and RI%. Thus, a combined treatment of 100 μM of SA and 5 mM of CaCl2 is effective and beneficial to plant appearance and ability to ameliorate heat stress. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and applied on a commercial scale for informing the development of rapid and precise management practices on bedded sage plants grown in plant factories to achieve maximum market benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Tse-Yen Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei 23630, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
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Singhal RK, Saha D, Skalicky M, Mishra UN, Chauhan J, Behera LP, Lenka D, Chand S, Kumar V, Dey P, Indu, Pandey S, Vachova P, Gupta A, Brestic M, El Sabagh A. Crucial Cell Signaling Compounds Crosstalk and Integrative Multi-Omics Techniques for Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670369. [PMID: 34484254 PMCID: PMC8414894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the era of rapid climate change, abiotic stresses are the primary cause for yield gap in major agricultural crops. Among them, salinity is considered a calamitous stress due to its global distribution and consequences. Salinity affects plant processes and growth by imposing osmotic stress and destroys ionic and redox signaling. It also affects phytohormone homeostasis, which leads to oxidative stress and eventually imbalances metabolic activity. In this situation, signaling compound crosstalk such as gasotransmitters [nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and plant growth regulators (auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid) have a decisive role in regulating plant stress signaling and administer unfavorable circumstances including salinity stress. Moreover, recent significant progress in omics techniques (transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have helped to reinforce the deep understanding of molecular insight in multiple stress tolerance. Currently, there is very little information on gasotransmitters and plant growth regulator crosstalk and inadequacy of information regarding the integration of multi-omics technology during salinity stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the crucial cell signaling crosstalk mechanisms and integrative multi-omics techniques to provide a more direct approach for salinity stress tolerance. To address the above-mentioned words, this review covers the common mechanisms of signaling compounds and role of different signaling crosstalk under salinity stress tolerance. Thereafter, we mention the integration of different omics technology and compile recent information with respect to salinity stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debanjana Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Udit N. Mishra
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, India
| | - Laxmi P. Behera
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Devidutta Lenka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prajjal Dey
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India
| | - Indu
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pavla Vachova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aayushi Gupta
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Xu W, Jin X, Yang M, Xue S, Luo L, Cao X, Zhang C, Qiao S, Zhang C, Li J, Wu J, Lv L, Zhao F, Wang N, Tan S, Lyu-Bu AG, Wang C, Wang X. Primary and secondary metabolites produced in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by an endophytic fungal elicitor from Mucor fragilis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:404-412. [PMID: 33571807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most commonly used medicinal materials in China. In recent years, the quality of S. miltiorrhiza has attracted much attention. Biotic and abiotic elicitors are widely used in cultivation to improve the quality of medicinal plants. We isolated an endophytic fungus, Mucor fragilis, from S. miltiorrhiza. We compared the effects of endophytic fungal elicitors with those of yeast extract together with silver ion, widely used together as effective elicitors, on S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Seventeen primary metabolites (amino acids and fatty acids) and five secondary metabolites (diterpenoids and phenolic acids) were analyzed after elicitor treatment. The mycelium extract promoted the accumulation of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Additionally, qPCR revealed that elicitors affect the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites by regulating the expression of key genes (SmAACT, SmGGPPS, and SmPAL). This is the first detection of both the primary and secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots, and the results of this work should help guide the quality control of S. miltiorrhiza. In addition, the findings confirm that Mucor fragilis functions as an effective endophytic fungal elicitor with excellent application prospect for cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Song Xue
- School of bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Sanyang Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junling Li
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liqiao Lv
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuting Tan
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - A Ga Lyu-Bu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Ali B. Salicylic acid: An efficient elicitor of secondary metabolite production in plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zhang B, Li X, Li X, Lu Z, Cai X, Ou Yang Q, Ma P, Dong J. Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Tanshinone Biosynthesis via a Ca 2+-Dependent Manner in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249576. [PMID: 33339149 PMCID: PMC7765610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones, the major bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), are synthesized via the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway or the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and the downstream biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized as a novel elicitor to induce the wild type hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. HPLC analysis revealed that LPS treatment resulted in a significant accumulation of cryptotanshinone (CT) and dihydrotanshinone I (DTI). qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that biosynthesis genes such as SmAACT and SmHMGS from the MVA pathway, SmDXS and SmHDR from the MEP pathway, and SmCPS, SmKSL and SmCYP76AH1 from the downstream pathway were markedly upregulated by LPS in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, transcription factors SmWRKY1 and SmWRKY2, which can activate the expression of SmDXR, SmDXS and SmCPS, were also increased by LPS. Since Ca2+ signaling is essential for the LPS-triggered immune response, Ca2+ channel blocker LaCl3 and CaM antagonist W-7 were used to investigate the role of Ca2+ signaling in tanshinone biosynthesis. HPLC analysis demonstrated that both LaCl3 and W-7 diminished LPS-induced tanshinone accumulation. The downstream biosynthesis genes including SmCPS and SmCYP76AH1 were especially regulated by Ca2+ signaling. To summarize, LPS enhances tanshinone biosynthesis through SmWRKY1- and SmWRKY2-regulated pathways relying on Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ signal transduction plays a key role in regulating tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Xiuhong Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Zhigang Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Xiaona Cai
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Qing Ou Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (B.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.O.Y.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-8709-2262
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Vafadar F, Amooaghaie R, Ehsanzadeh P, Ghanadian M, Talebi M, Ghanati F. Melatonin and calcium modulate the production of rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin in Dracocephalum kotschyi under salinity stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112422. [PMID: 32593901 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) and calcium (Ca2+) have a regulatory role in the induction of specialized metabolites production and defensive responses against stresses. Therefore, in this study, the effects of Mel and Ca2+ and the possible relationship between them in the increase of the production of phenolic compounds in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. under both control and salinity stress conditions were investigated. The results showed that 75 mM NaCl reduced shoot dry biomass but elevated H2O2 content, electrolyte leakage (EL) level, total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), and DPPH scavenging capacity. Salinity stress also upregulated gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS), as well as the activities of PAL and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) enzymes. Pre-treatment of the plants with CaCl2 and Mel affected these attributes in a dose-dependent manner. Application of 5 mM Ca2+ and 100 μM Mel improved shoot dry biomass and reduced the level of EL and H2O2 content but enhanced TPC and TFC, DPPH scavenging capacity, PAL and TAL activities, PAL and RAS transcripts, and content of rosmarinic acid (RA), luteolin flavone (LF) and apigenin flavone (AF) under salinity stress. Pre-treatment of D. kotschyi with lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) as a plasma membrane channel blocker, ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) as a Ca2+ chelator and trifluoperazine (TFP) as a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, impaired Mel effects on the above attributes under salinity stress. In contrast, pre-treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), as an inhibitor of Mel biosynthesis, did not impair the impacts of Ca2+ on the production of phenolic compounds in salt-exposed plants. These results suggested that the effect of Mel on the induction of phenolic compounds production requires the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the cells and is dependent on Ca2+/CaM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Vafadar
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Parviz Ehsanzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Talebi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB141115-154, Tehran, Iran.
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Ma Y, Wang P, Zhou T, Chen Z, Gu Z, Yang R. Role of Ca 2+ in phenolic compound metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts under NaCl stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5176-5186. [PMID: 31021402 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature on the role of calcium ion (Ca2+ ) in relation to phenolic compounds metabolism and related enzymes activities remains controversial. It is still unclear whether Ca2+ affects phenolic compounds content of barley sprouts. This study investigated the role and function of Ca2+ in phenolic compound metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts under sodium chloride (NaCl) stress. RESULTS Calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) significantly improved total calcium and calmodulin (CaM) contents as well as Ca2+ concentration, and enhanced phenolic compound accumulation by regulating the gene, protein expression and the activities of enzymes related to phenolics biosynthesis. Specifically, CaCl2 significantly increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase (F5H) by up-regulating the corresponding protein expression. The activity of p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase (C3H) decreased during germination while caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) increased initially and then decreased, which was consistent with the changes in gene and protein expression under CaCl2 treatment. Conversely, lanthanum(III) chloride (LaCl3 ), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) induced opposite effects. Decreased calcium and CaM contents and Ca2+ concentration were observed, and fluctuation change of relevant gene and protein expressions and PAL, C4H, 4CL, C3H, COMT and F5H activitives were also detected. CONCLUSION Calcium ion played an important role for mediating NaCl stress-induced phenolics accumulation in barley sprouts. It required both Ca2+ influx and release from apoplast and intracellular stores, respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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You H, Yang S, Zhang L, Hu X, Li O. Promotion of phenolic compounds production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by six strains of rhizosphere bacteria. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:160-168. [PMID: 32624895 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an important herb for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases with bioactive compounds (phenolic acids and tanshinones). Abundant studies showed that tanshinones could be stimulated by biotic and abiotic stresses, but limited information is available on biosynthesis of phenolic acids promoted by biotic stresses. The aim of the present work was to isolate and identify rhizosphere bacteria which stimulated phenolic compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots and investigated the internal mechanism, providing a potential means to enhance content of pharmaceuticals in S. miltiorrhiza. The results showed that six bacteria, namely, HYR1, HYR26, SCR22, 14DSR23, DS6, and LNHR13, belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and Pantoea, significantly promoted the growth and content of major phenolic acids, RA and SAB. Bacteria LNHR13 was the most effective one, with the contents of RA and SAB reaching ∼2.5-fold (30.1 mg/g DW) and ∼2.3-fold (48.3 mg/g DW) as those of the control, respectively. Phytohormones and polysaccharides produced by bacteria showed potential responsibility for the growth and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza. Meanwhile, we found that the more abundant the types and contents of phytohormones, the stronger their stimulating effect on the content of salvianolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Suijuan Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ou Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou P. R. China
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Wang F, Zhi J, Zhang Z, Wang L, Suo Y, Xie C, Li M, Zhang B, Du J, Gu L, Sun H. Transcriptome Analysis of Salicylic Acid Treatment in Rehmannia glutinosa Hairy Roots Using RNA-seq Technique for Identification of Genes Involved in Acteoside Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:787. [PMID: 28567046 PMCID: PMC5434160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa is a common bulk medicinal material that has been widely used in China due to its active ingredients. Acteoside, one of the ingredients, has antioxidant, antinephritic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects, is usually selected as a quality-control component for R. glutinosa herb in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. The acteoside biosynthesis pathway in R. glutinosa has not yet been clearly established. Herein, we describe the establishment of a genetic transformation system for R. glutinosa mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. We screened the optimal elicitors that markedly increased acteoside accumulation in R. glutinosa hairy roots. We found that acteoside accumulation dramatically increased with the addition of salicylic acid (SA); the optimal SA dose was 25 μmol/L for hairy roots. RNA-seq was applied to analyze the transcriptomic changes in hairy roots treated with SA for 24 h in comparison with an untreated control. A total of 3,716, 4,018, and 2,715 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in 0 h-vs.-12 h, 0 h-vs.-24 h, and 12 h-vs.-24 h libraries, respectively. KEGG pathway-based analysis revealed that 127 DETs were enriched in "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis." Of 219 putative unigenes involved in acteoside biosynthesis, 54 were found to be up-regulated at at least one of the time points after SA treatment. Selected candidate genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in hairy roots with SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), AgNO3 (Ag+), and putrescine (Put) treatment. All genes investigated were up-regulated by SA treatment, and most candidate genes were weakly increased by MeJA to some degree. Furthermore, transcription abundance of eight candidate genes in tuberous roots of the high-acteoside-content (HA) cultivar QH were higher than those of the low-acteoside-content (LA) cultivar Wen 85-5. These results will pave the way for understanding the molecular basis of acteoside biosynthesis in R. glutinosa, and can serve as a basis for future validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengqing Wang
| | - Jingyu Zhi
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Suo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jiafang Du
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
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Lan T, You J, Kong L, Yu M, Liu M, Yang Z. The interaction of salicylic acid and Ca(2+) alleviates aluminum toxicity in soybean (Glycine max L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 98:146-54. [PMID: 26691059 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Both calcium ion (Ca(2+)) and salicylic acid (SA) influence various stress responses in plants. In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) toxicity adversely affects crop yield. In this study, we determined the influences of Ca(2+) and SA on root elongation, Al accumulation, and citrate secretion in soybean plant. We also investigated the activity of antioxidative enzymes in Al-exposed soybean roots. Root elongation was severally inhibited when the roots were exposed to 30 μM Al. The Al-induced inhibition of root elongation was ameliorated by Ca(2+) and SA but aggravated by Ca(2+) channel inhibitor (VP), CaM antagonists (TFP), Ca(2+) chelator (EGTA), and SA biosynthesis inhibitor (PAC). Furthermore, 1.0 mM CaCl2 and 10 μM SA reduced the accumulation of Al in roots, but their inhibitors stimulated the accumulation of Al in roots. Citrate secretion from these roots increased with the addition of either 1.0 mM CaCl2 or 10 μM SA but did not increase significantly when treated with higher Ca(2+) concentration. Enzymatic analysis showed that Ca(2+) and SA stimulated the activities of superoxidase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in Al-treated roots. In addition, SA restored the inhibition of Ca(2+) inhibitors on root elongation and Al content. Thus, both Ca(2+) and SA contribute to Al tolerance in soybean. Furthermore, Ca(2+) supplements rapidly increased Al-induced accumulation of free-SA or conjugated SA (SAG), while Ca(2+) inhibitors delayed the accumulation of SA for more than 8 h. Within 4 h of treatment, SA increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in Al-treated roots, and upregulated the expression of four genes that possibly encode calmodulin-like (CML) proteins. These findings indicate that SA is involved in Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction pathways in Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Lan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng You
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Lingnan Kong
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Minghui Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Zhenming Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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Xu Z, Luo H, Ji A, Zhang X, Song J, Chen S. Global Identification of the Full-Length Transcripts and Alternative Splicing Related to Phenolic Acid Biosynthetic Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:100. [PMID: 26904067 PMCID: PMC4742575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids are among the main bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and their biosynthesis has attracted widespread interest. However, previous studies on the biosynthesis of phenolic acids using next-generation sequencing platforms are limited with regard to the assembly of full-length transcripts. Based on hybrid-seq (next-generation and single molecular real-time sequencing) of the S. miltiorrhiza root transcriptome, we experimentally identified 15 full-length transcripts and four alternative splicing events of enzyme-coding genes involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid. Moreover, we herein demonstrate that lithospermic acid B accumulates in the phloem and xylem of roots, in agreement with the expression patterns of the identified key genes related to rosmarinic acid biosynthesis. According to co-expression patterns, we predicted that six candidate cytochrome P450s and five candidate laccases participate in the salvianolic acid pathway. Our results provide a valuable resource for further investigation into the synthetic biology of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyuan Song, ; Shilin Chen,
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica – Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyuan Song, ; Shilin Chen,
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Endogenous and Exogenous Calcium Involved in the Betulin Production from Submerged Culture of Phellinus linteus Induced by Hydrogen Sulfide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:594-603. [PMID: 26472674 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, Ca(2+) involved in the betulin production in mycelia of Phellinus linteus induced by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were investigated. The results showed that 2 mM H2S donor NaHS or 10 mM CaCl2 was found to enhance the betulin content in the mycelia of Phellinus to the maximum, which were 112.43 and 93.24% higher than that in the control, respectively. Further, NaHS and CaCl2 co-treatment also showed positive outcome, which were 128.95 or 24.52% higher than that in the control or NaHS treatment. At the same time, NaHS also enhanced the content of Ca(2+) and CaM. But, the above positive inductive effects for Ca(2+), CaM, and betulin production can be blocked with either Ca(2+) channel blocker (LaCl3, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate) or Ca(2+) chelator (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)). Among of them, betulin content was reduced 35.06% by NaHS and EGTA to the minimum, and this reduction could be reversed by the application of CaCl2 (NaHS + EGTA + CaCl2). From above results, it can be concluded that endogenous and exogenous calcium involved in the betulin production from submerged culture of P. linteus induced by hydrogen sulfide.
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