1
|
Ahmed A, Saleem MA, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Imran A, Akram S, Hussain M, Khan A, Al Jbawi E. A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5004-5027. [PMID: 37701195 PMCID: PMC10494632 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population-level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Saleem
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and DieteticsMirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpurPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Khan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang P, Shan N, Ali A, Sun J, Luo S, Xiao Y, Wang S, Hu R, Huang Y, Zhou Q. Comprehensive evaluation of functional components, biological activities, and minerals of yam species (Dioscorea polystachya and D. alata) from China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
3
|
Firdous P, Nissar K, Bashir H, Hussain QA, Masoodi SR, Ganai BA. Environmental Factors as Diabetic Mediators: A Mechanistic Approach. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e301221199656. [PMID: 34967298 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211230104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial investment in research and treatment options, diabetes mellitus remains a pressing public health concern with potential epidemic proportions globally. There are reports that by the end of 2040, 642 million people will be suffering from diabetes. Also, according to an estimation, 1.6 million deaths were caused directly by diabetes in 2016. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose regulation in the body due to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells or insulin resistance. Genetic propensity, unhealthy and imbalanced diet, obesity and increasing urbanization are the common risk factors for diabetes. Besides this, it has been reported that environmental pollutants like organic pesticides, heavy metals, and air pollutants act as strong predisposing factors for diabetes owing to their highly bio-accumulative nature. These pollutants disturb glucose homeostasis either by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression of diabetic marker genes like insulin (INS) and glucokinase (GCK). Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism of the role of pollutants in causing diabetes is not very clear. This mechanistic review provides evidence of different environmental determinants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), air pollutants, toxic metals, etc., in inducing diabetes and proposes a framework for the possible mechanisms involved. It also illuminates the current status and future challenges, which will not only broaden our understanding but can also be a reasonable platform for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveena Firdous
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Kamran Nissar
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Humayra Bashir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Qazi A Hussain
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
| | | | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Sikaily A, Helal M. Environmental pollution and diabetes mellitus. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:234-256. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chromic metabolic disease that affects a large segment of the population worldwide. Physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and genetic predisposition are main risk factors for disease development. In the last decade, it was clear to the scientific community that DM development is linked to a novel disease inducer that was later defined as diabetogenic factors of pollution and endocrine disrupting agents. Environmental pollution is exponentially increasing in uncontrolled manner in several countries. Environmental pollutants are of diverse nature and toxicities, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals. In the current review, we shed light on the impact of each class of these pollutants and the underlined molecular mechanism of diabetes induction and biological toxicities. Finally, a brief overview about the connection between coronavirus disease 2019 and diabetes pandemics is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany El-Sikaily
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 21513, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 21513, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Soltani S, Clayton ZS, Salehi-Abargouei A. Sodium status is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3543-3565. [PMID: 34052916 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between sodium intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inconsistent. We, therefore, aimed to summarize the current evidence by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We retrieved studies which compared any marker of sodium status between individuals with T2DM and those without diabetes published in any language by searching online databases from inception up to June 2019. Summary effects were derived using random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 44 studies with 503,830 participants from 25 countries were included in this study. Sodium status was significantly different between individuals with and without T2DM (Hedges' g = 0.21; 95% CI 0.02, 0.40; P = 0.029). Individuals with T2DM had higher sodium intake compared to non-diabetic controls (WMD = 621.79 mg/day; 95% CI 321.53, 922.06; P < 0.001) and 24-h urinary excretion was associated with likelihood of developing T2DM (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15, 1.41; P < 0.001). Furthermore, salivary, hair, and platelet sodium were higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that sodium levels are higher in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic controls; however, given that these studies are observational, it is not possible to infer causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amin MN, Siddiqui SA, Uddin MG, Ibrahim M, Uddin SMN, Adnan MT, Rahaman MZ, Kar A, Islam MS. Increased Oxidative Stress, Altered Trace Elements, and Macro-Minerals Are Associated with Female Obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:384-393. [PMID: 31902098 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Generally female individuals are more prone to obesity due to their lifestyle and physiology. However, female individuals have got little attention in this aspect. This pioneering study designed to find the level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C), other trace elements (zinc and iron), and macro-minerals (sodium, potassium, and calcium) for female obesity determining its role and action in disease diagnosis along with propagation. For this prospective case-control study, 70 female obese and 70 healthy individuals were evaluated. Serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured to determine the level of lipid peroxidation. UV spectrophotometric method was implemented for vitamin C concentration to measure serum ascorbic acid. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was implemented to determine serum macro-minerals (Na, K, and Ca), and trace elements (Zn and Fe) were estimated. For statistical analysis, student's t-test and Pearson's correlation test were executed. A significantly higher concentration of serum MDA (p < 0.001) and low concentration of antioxidants (vitamin C) (p < 0.001) are observed in patient than control group. We found a lower concentration of trace elements (zinc, iron) and macro-minerals (sodium, potassium, and calcium) in patients compared to control except sodium. The mean concentrations for serum Zn, Fe, Na, K, and Ca were 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01, 3828.91 ± 205.09, 90.42 ± 6.45, and 43.04 ± 2.38 mg/L and 0.78 ± 0.08, 0.84 ± 0.08, 2600.97 ± 99.79, 223.79 ± 14.64, and 86.43 ± 2.78 mg/L, respectively, for female obese patients and control subjects (p < 0.001). We can suggest from our study that there is a strong association of female obesity with increased serum concentrations of MDA and reduced non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin C and different serum trace metals and macro-minerals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giash Uddin
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - S M Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tarek Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahedur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Auditi Kar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmed N, Liaqat U, Rafique M, Baig MA, Tawfik W. Detection of toxicity in some oral antidiabetic drugs using LIBS and LA-TOF-MS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Adnan MT, Amin MN, Uddin MG, Hussain MS, Sarwar MS, Hossain MK, Uddin SMN, Islam MS. Increased concentration of serum MDA, decreased antioxidants and altered trace elements and macro-minerals are linked to obesity among Bangladeshi population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:933-938. [PMID: 31336547 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is an emerging public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to find the levels of the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, C and E), trace elements (zinc and iron) and macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) in obesity and its action in disease advancement. METHODS Level of lipid peroxidation was estimated by measurement of the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA). Vitamin A and E concentration was found by RP-HPLC method and vitamin C was assessed for serum ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometric method. Serum trace elements (Zn and Fe) and macro-minerals (Na, K and Ca) were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). RESULTS Our study observed significantly elevated concentrations of MDA (p < 0.001) and depleted concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) (p < 0.05) in the patient than control group. Analysis of serum trace elements (Zn and Fe) and macro-minerals (Na, K and Ca) and found that the mean values of Zn, Fe, Na, K and Ca were 0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.03, 3284.81 ± 34.51, 162.18 ± 3.72, 44.62 ± 2.13 mg/L for the patient and 0.91 ± 0.13, 0.88 ± 0.06, 2562.74 ± 95.92, 243.58 ± 8.97, 87.66 ± 2.10 mg/L for the controls, consequently. There was a substantial difference in trace elements and macro-minerals between the patients and controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study proposes that increased serum concentrations of MDA and decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant and altered trace elements and macro-minerals are powerfully related with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tarek Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - S M Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hotta Y, Fujino R, Kimura O, Endo T. Essential and Non-essential Elements in Scalp Hair of Diabetics: Correlations with Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1034-1039. [PMID: 29962400 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Essential elements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn and V) and non-essential elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were measured in scalp hair samples of 45 diabetic subjects and 59 control subjects in Japan using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All diabetic subjects took insulin and/or antidiabetic agents, with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ranging between 6.2 and 14.4%. The levels of Zn, Cu and Cr in the diabetic subjects (HbA1c>7) were significantly lower than those in the control subjects (p<0.05), and these concentrations decreased significantly with increases in HbA1c (p<0.01). The levels of Fe and Mg in the diabetic subjects were insignificantly lower, and the concentration of Fe decreased significantly with increases in HbA1c (p<0.05) and the concentration of Mn tended to decrease (p<0.10). In contrast, the concentration of As tended to increase with increases in HbA1c (p<0.10). The concentrations of other elements, such as Ca, Mn, V, Pb, Cd and Hg, in the diabetic subjects were similar to those of control subjects, and did not correlate with HbA1c. The average of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the diabetic subjects was 77.7±29.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 with large variation (12.7-148 mL/min/1.73 m2), and previous study reported the increase of urinary excretion of Zn, Cr, Mn and Mg in diabetic subjects. The decreases of Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mg concentrations in hair may reflect increased urinary excretion of these elements due to diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Nieto B, Gismera MJ, Sevilla MT, Satrústegui J, Procopio JR. Micro-sampling method based on high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for calcium determination in blood and mitochondrial suspensions. Talanta 2017; 170:15-21. [PMID: 28501151 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A micro-sampling and straightforward method based on high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) was developed to determine extracellular and intracellular Ca in samples of interest in clinical and biomedical analysis. Solid sampling platforms were used to introduce the micro-samples into the graphite furnace atomizer. The secondary absorption line for Ca, located at 239.856nm, was selected to carry out the measurements. Experimental parameters such as pyrolysis and atomization temperatures and the amount of sample introduced for the measurements were optimized. Calibration was performed using aqueous standards and the approach to measure at the wings of the absorption lines was employed for the expansion of the linear response range. The limit of detection was of 0.02mgL-1 Ca (0.39ng Ca) and the upper limit of linear range was increased up to 8.0mgL-1 Ca (160ng Ca). The proposed method was used to determine Ca in mitochondrial suspensions and whole blood samples with successful results. Adequate recoveries (within 91-107%) were obtained in the tests performed for validation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gómez-Nieto
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Jesús Gismera
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mª Teresa Sevilla
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús R Procopio
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simić A, Hansen AF, Åsvold BO, Romundstad PR, Midthjell K, Syversen T, Flaten TP. Trace element status in patients with type 2 diabetes in Norway: The HUNT3 Survey. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:91-98. [PMID: 28347468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have indicated that a number of trace elements may play a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between prevalent T2D and the concentrations of 25 trace elements in whole blood, and the relationships between T2D duration and blood levels of the trace elements that we found to be related to T2D prevalence. In this population based case-control study, 267 patients with self-reported T2D and 609 controls (frequency matched), were selected from the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey. Trace element blood levels were determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were used to estimate associations. The prevalence of T2D was positively associated with boron, calcium and silver, and inversely associated with indium, lead and magnesium (Ptrend<0.05). We found no statistical evidence for associations between blood levels of arsenic, bromine, cadmium, cesium, chromium, copper, gallium, gold, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, rubidium, selenium, strontium, tantalum, thallium, tin and zinc and T2D prevalence. After corrections for multiple testing, associations remained significant for calcium and lead (Qtrend<0.05), and borderline significant for magnesium, silver and boron. With increasing disease duration, higher calcium levels were observed (P<0.05). This study suggests an association between prevalent T2D and blood levels of boron, calcium, indium, lead, magnesium and silver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anica Simić
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ailin Falkmo Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Richard Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Syversen
- Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Yan C, Yang Z, Zhang W, Niu Y, Li X, Qin L, Su Q. Alterations of serum trace elements in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 40:91-96. [PMID: 28159227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of trace elements and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN AND METHODS The 1837 participants (637 men and 1200 women) aged 40-70 were from a cross-sectional community-based study performed in downtown Shanghai. All the participants without diabetes mellitus history underwent a 75-g OGTT. The participants with diabetes mellitus took 100g steamed bread as the substitute. The fasting and OGTT 2h or postprandial 2h venous blood samples were collected. Blood glucose levels, fasting serum insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, HbA1C and 19 trace elements including magnesium, copper, zinc and selenium and so on were assayed. RESULTS Of all the 1837 studied subjects, 510 subjects had diabetes mellitus (191 male, 319 female). Serum magnesium levels were decreased statistically (p<0.05), but serum copper, zinc and selenium levels were significantly increased in subjects with diabetes mellitus compared to non-diabetic subjects (p<0.01 for copper, p<0.001 for zinc and selenium). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum magnesium was negatively associated with diabetes (p<0.05) and serum copper, zinc, and selenium were all positively associated with diabetes (p<0.05 for copper, p<0.001 for both zinc and selenium). Correlation analysis showed a remarkable correlation between blood glucose, HbA1C and serum magnesium, copper, zinc, and selenium (p<0.01 for zinc, p<0.001 for copper, zinc and selenium). CONCLUSIONS Serum magnesium levels are decreased and serum copper, zinc and selenium levels are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Glasdam SM, Glasdam S, Peters GH. The Importance of Magnesium in the Human Body: A Systematic Literature Review. Adv Clin Chem 2016; 73:169-93. [PMID: 26975973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium, the second and fourth most abundant cation in the intracellular compartment and whole body, respectively, is of great physiologic importance. Magnesium exists as bound and free ionized forms depending on temperature, pH, ionic strength, and competing ions. Free magnesium participates in many biochemical processes and is most commonly measured by ion-selective electrode. This analytical approach is problematic because complete selectivity is not possible due to competition with other ions, i.e., calcium, and pH interference. Unfortunately, many studies have focused on measurement of total magnesium rather than its free bioactive form making it difficult to correlate to disease states. This systematic literature review presents current analytical challenges in obtaining accurate and reproducible test results for magnesium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel-Marie Glasdam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Stinne Glasdam
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Nursing, Department of Health Sciences, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Günther H Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khan FA, Al Jameil N, Arjumand S, Khan MF, Tabassum H, Alenzi N, Hijazy S, Alenzi S, Subaie S, Fatima S. Comparative Study of Serum Copper, Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc in Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Proteinuria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:321-9. [PMID: 26024734 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace element (TE) disturbances are well noted in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications. In present study, the effect of proteinuria on serum copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) in T2DM patients with and without proteinuria was seen. Total subjects were aged between 30 and 90 years; 73 had proteinuria, 76 had T2DM with proteinuria, 76 had T2DM, and 75 were controls. Serum Cu(II), Fe(III), Mg(II), and Zn(II) were assayed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Urinary albumin estimation was performed by turbidimetric method. Other biochemical parameters were analyzed by ROCHE Module COBAS 6000 analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P<0.0001 followed by t test. Pearson correlation was applied to estimate the effect of proteinuria on TE. Serum Cu(II) level was increased in T2DM patients with proteinuria while Fe(III) was found elevated in T2DM (P<0.0001) compared to control groups. Zn(II) and Mg(II) were significantly low in proteinuria, T2DM with proteinuria, and T2DM (P<0.0001) compare to controls. Serum Cu(II) showed strong positive association with albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in T2DM with proteinuria group and T2DM group (P<0.01). Fe(III) was positively and Zn(II) was negatively associated with ACR at P<0.10, in T2DM with proteinuria group. Mg(II) was negatively linked with ACR P<0.01 in proteinuria, T2DM with proteinuria, and T2DM group. TE were observed more disturbed in T2DM with proteinuria group, thus considered to be the part of T2DM routine checkup and restricts the disease towards its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Aziz Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Al Jameil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sadia Arjumand
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Fareed Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajera Tabassum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alenzi
- Department of Research and Seized, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Element Analysis Unit, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sereen Hijazy
- Department of Research and Seized, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Element Analysis Unit, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samyah Alenzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Subaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mikulewicz M, Kachniarz K, Chojnacka K. Exposure of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients to Toxic Elements Released during Orthodontic Treatment in the Study of Non-Invasive Matrices. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140211. [PMID: 26544176 PMCID: PMC4636263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was evaluation of metal ions (nickel and chromium) released from orthodontic appliances in cleft lip and palate patients and the usefulness of non-invasive matrices (saliva and hair). MATERIALS AND METHODS The material studied consisted of 100 individuals, including 59 females and 41 males of 5 to 16 years of age, which were divided into 3 groups: experimental-patients with cleft lip and palate (36 individuals, the average treatment time 5.74 years); control group-patients without cleft lip and palate, during orthodontic treatment (32 individuals, the average treatment time 1.78 years) and the control group patients without cleft lip and palate, without any orthodontic appliances (32 individuals). Samples (saliva, hair) were collected and subjects underwent a survey by questionnaire. Multi-elemental analyses of the composition of non-invasive matrices was conducted in an accredited laboratory by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry technique ICP-OES. The results were reported as mean contents of particular elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si) in hair and in saliva. RESULTS The concentration of Cr, Ni, Fe and Cu ions in saliva of cleft lip and palate patients were several times higher as compared with not treated orthodontically control groups and higher than in the group with orthodontic appliances. Among the assessed matrices, hair of cleft lip and palate patients seem to be not a meaningful biomarker. CONCLUSION It was found that orthodontic appliances used in long-term treatment of cleft lip and palate patients do not release toxic levels of Cr and Ni ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Mikulewicz
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Krzysztof Kachniarz
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mooren FC. Magnesium and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:813-23. [PMID: 25974209 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is actively involved in a number of metabolic reactions as an important co-factor, with special emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism. After a brief overview of the regulation of intra- and extracellular magnesium, the present review first describes the regulatory role of magnesium in important metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism and glycaemic control. Next the clinical significance of hypomagnesaemic conditions with regard to the management of glucose in prediabetic stages, such as insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance and in type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies suggest that a reduced dietary magnesium intake serves as a risk factor for the incidence of both impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms that might be responsible for diabetes-associated hypomagnesaemia are discussed. Furthermore, the role of hypomagnesaemia in the development and progression of chronic diabetic complications are addressed. Finally, the available literature on the effects of magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control parameters during prediabetic conditions (preventive approach) as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (therapeutic approach) are reviewed systematically. There is considerable evidence that chronic magnesium supplementation may delay the progression from impaired glucose regulation to type 2 diabetes; however, the effects of oral magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes are quite heterogeneous with respect to the various measures of glycaemic control. The results of this review suggest a requirement for critical consideration of the pros and cons of magnesium replacement therapy, based on variables such as magnesium status, stage of disease and glycaemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Mooren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Harrington JM, Young DJ, Essader AS, Sumner SJ, Levine KE. Analysis of human serum and whole blood for mineral content by ICP-MS and ICP-OES: development of a mineralomics method. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:132-42. [PMID: 24917052 PMCID: PMC4091818 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are inorganic compounds that are essential to the support of a variety of biological functions. Understanding the range and variability of the content of these minerals in biological samples can provide insight into the relationships between mineral content and the health of individuals. In particular, abnormal mineral content may serve as an indicator of illness. The development of robust, reliable analytical methods for the determination of the mineral content of biological samples is essential to developing biological models for understanding the relationship between minerals and illnesses. This paper describes a method for the analysis of the mineral content of small volumes of serum and whole blood samples from healthy individuals. Interday and intraday precision for the mineral content of the blood (250 μL) and serum (250 μL) samples was measured for eight essential minerals--sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se)--by plasma spectrometric methods and ranged from 0.635 to 10.1% relative standard deviation (RSD) for serum and 0.348-5.98% for whole blood. A comparison of the determined ranges for ten serum samples and six whole blood samples provided good agreement with literature reference ranges. The results demonstrate that the digestion and analysis methods can be used to reliably measure the content of these minerals and potentially of other minerals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Harrington
- Trace Inorganics Department, Technologies for Industry and the Environment, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Choi WS, Kim SH, Chung JH. Relationships of hair mineral concentrations with insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:323-9. [PMID: 24671621 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mineral deficiencies can cause impaired insulin release and insulin resistance. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between hair mineral concentrations and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 456 subjects (161 patients with MS and 295 subjects without MS) were reviewed, and fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, homeostasis assessment model-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hair mineral concentrations were analyzed. While hair sodium and potassium concentrations were significantly higher, the hair calcium, magnesium, and zinc concentrations were lower in the MS group than in the control group. Regarding toxic element measurements, the hair arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentrations were higher in the MS group than in the control group. The results of multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for age, showed significant relationships between the Na/Mg and Ca/P ratios and HOMA-IR (R (2) = 0.109, p < 0.05). The Ca, Na, K, and B concentrations were also associated with HOMA-IR (R (2) = 0.116, p < 0.05). The hair Na concentration was significantly associated with MS, even after adjusting for age, visceral adipose tissue, and HOMA-IR (OR 1.020; 95 % CI 1.001-1.040; p = 0.036). Our findings suggest that hair mineral concentrations, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, and potassium concentrations, may play a role in the development of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whan-Seok Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan AR, Awan FR. Metals in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:16. [PMID: 24401367 PMCID: PMC3916582 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are one of the components of food, though they are not synthesized in the body but they are essential for optimal health. Several essential metals are required for the proper functioning of many enzymes, transcriptional factors and proteins important in various biochemical pathways. For example Zn, Mg and Mn are cofactors of hundreds of enzymes, and Zn is involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells. Similarly, Cr enhances the insulin receptor activity on target tissues, especially in muscle cells. Insulin is the key hormone required to maintain the blood glucose level in normal range. In case of insulin deficiency or resistance, blood glucose concentration exceeds the upper limit of the normal range of 126 mg/dl. Persistent increase of blood serum glucose level leads to overt chronic hyperglycemia, which is a major clinical symptom of diabetes mellitus. Poor glycemic control and diabetes alters the levels of essential trace elements such as Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, Fe etc. by increasing urinary excretion and their concomitant decrease in the blood. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to discuss the important roles of essential trace elements in normal homeostasis and physiological functioning. Moreover, perturbation of essential trace elements is also discussed in perspective of type 2 diabetes pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorder (D&C-MD) Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, P,O, Box,577, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang S, Hou X, Liu Y, Lu H, Wei L, Bao Y, Jia W. Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:146. [PMID: 24112518 PMCID: PMC3852555 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of diabetes in China is increasing rapidly. However, scarce data are available on serum electrolyte levels in Chinese adults with diabetes, especially in those with cardiovascular complications. This study measured serum electrolyte levels and examined their relationship with macrovascular complications in Chinese adults with diabetes. Methods The three gender- and age-matched groups were enrolled into this analysis, which were 1,170 subjects with normal glucose regulation (NGR), 389 with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 343 with diabetes. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour post-load plasma glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum electrolyte levels were measured. Data collection included ankle brachial index results. Results Serum sodium and magnesium levels in the diabetes group were significantly decreased compared to the NGR group (sodium: 141.0 ± 2.4 vs. 142.1 ± 2.0 mmol/l; magnesium: 0.88 ± 0.08 vs. 0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/l, all P < 0.01), while the serum calcium level was significantly increased (2.36 ± 0.11 vs. 2.33 ± 0.09 mmol/l, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that serum sodium and magnesium levels in the diabetes group were negatively correlated with FPG, 2hPG and HbA1c (sodium: Std β = −0.35, -0.19, -0.25; magnesium: Std β = −0.29, -0.17, -0.34, all P < 0.01), while the serum calcium level was positively correlated with HbA1c (Std β = 0.17, P < 0.05). In diabetic subjects, serum sodium, magnesium and potassium levels were decreased in the subjects with the elevation of estimated glomerular filtration rates (P < 0.05). ANCOVA analysis suggested that serum magnesium level in subjects with diabetic macrovascular complications was significantly decreased compared with diabetic subjects without macrovascular complications after the effect of some possible confounding being removed (P < 0.05). Conclusions Serum sodium and magnesium levels were decreased in Chinese subjects with diabetes, while the observed increase in calcium level correlated with increasing glucose level. Diabetic patients with macrovascular complications had lower serum magnesium level than those with no macrovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Greń A, Formicki G. Effects of iscador and vincristine and 5-fluorouracil on brain, liver, and kidney element levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:219-24. [PMID: 23334865 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to substance toxicity is especially dangerous for diabetics because it accelerates and intensifies diabetic complication. Homeostasis of trace elements can be disrupted by diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, disturbance in trace element status in diabetes mellitus may contribute to insulin resistance and development of diabetic complications. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentration of elements in the brain, liver, and kidneys of animals with induced diabetes after the administration of plant preparations (iscador and vincristine) and 5-fluorouracil. The experiments were carried out on male mice. The animals were divided into five groups of ten mice each: one control and four experimental groups. The first experimental group was administered alloxan at 75 mg/kg b.w. for 4 days, the second group was administered both alloxan at 75 mg/kg b.w. and vincristine 1 mg/kg b.w. for 4 days, and the third group was administered both alloxan at 75 mg/kg b.w. and 5-fluorouracil 75 mg/kg b.w. for 4 days. The animals of the fourth group were administered both alloxan at 75 mg/kg b.w. and iscador Qu at 5 mg/kg b.w. for 4 days. Calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, sodium, and potassium levels in the tissues were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. We observed that zinc, copper, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were lower in the brain as compared to the control animals. The copper levels in the liver were also lower in diabetic groups than in control groups. However, the iscador and vincristine and 5-fluorouracil did not induce significant differences in the five groups. In conclusion, results of the current study indicated that changes of the investigated essential elements may contribute to explaining the role of impaired element metabolism of some elements in the progression of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Greń
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vanaelst B, Huybrechts I, Michels N, Flórez MR, Aramendía M, Balcaen L, Resano M, Vanhaecke F, Bammann K, Bel-Serrat S, De Henauw S. Hair minerals and metabolic health in Belgian elementary school girls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:335-43. [PMID: 23254772 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Literature has repeatedly shown a relationship between hair minerals and metabolic health, although studies in children are currently lacking. This study aims to investigate hair levels of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) and their association with (1) overweight/obesity and (2) metabolic health in Flemish elementary school girls between 5 and 10 years old. Two hundred eighteen girls participated in this study as part of the baseline ChiBS project. Children were subjected to physical examinations, blood and hair sampling. Hair minerals were quantitatively determined via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were studied as anthropometric parameters, and a metabolic score (including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol as parameters) was calculated, with higher scores indicating a more unhealthy metabolic profile. Hair Ca, Ca/Mg, and Ca/P positively correlated with the anthropometric parameters. An inverse correlation was observed between Ca, Mg, and Ca/P in hair and the metabolic score. Inverse correlations were also observed for individual metabolic parameters (i.e., diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, non-HDL cholesterol). In particular, girls with a total number of three or more metabolic parameters above the age-specific 75th percentile showed significantly reduced hair Ca, Mg, and Ca/P concentrations. This study showed reduced hair mineral concentrations in young girls with a more unhealthy metabolic profile. Positive associations were observed between some minerals and BMI and BF%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vanaelst
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital, Block A, 2nd floor, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wołowiec P, Michalak I, Chojnacka K, Mikulewicz M. Hair analysis in health assessment. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 419:139-71. [PMID: 23415695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair analysis is used for estimation of the nutritional status of individuals. In the present work, a systematic review on the relation between the mineral composition of hair and the physical or mental disorders is discussed. Detailed information of examined populations, methods of sample preparations and analytical techniques are presented. METHODS A systematic literature search in four electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline (from 1997 to 2012/01/31) for English language articles was performed. In addition, a reference list and manual search was undertaken. RESULTS The following number of studies was included: 66. Most of the authors reported that there exists a correlation between deficiency or excess of some elements in hair and occurrence of some diseases, such as: autism, cancer, hypertension, myocardial infarction, kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. However, not all results were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Most of the authors concluded that the profile of hair mineral imbalance might be useful as a diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of many diseases. However, it seems that there is a need to standardize sample preparation procedures, in particular washing and mineralization methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wołowiec
- Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rasheed H, Elahi S, Ajaz H. Serum magnesium and atherogenic lipid fractions in type II diabetic patients of Lahore, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:165-9. [PMID: 22351157 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and its effect on the lipid profile of local type II diabetic patients. For this purpose, 219 diabetic patients and 100 age-matched control subjects were enrolled. Blood samples of the subjects were analyzed for fasting glucose, Mg, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Results showed that mean serum values of these parameters were differing in diabetic patients as compared to control subjects. The reference range of serum magnesium in healthy controls was 1.2-4.4 mg/dl. Mean serum magnesium in diabetic patients was significantly lower as compared to healthy subjects (1.6 ± 0.23 mg/dl vs. 2.8 ± 0.8 mg/dl). Among diabetic patients, 143 (65.3%) had serum magnesium level below 1.7 mg/dl (hypomagnesemia). The corresponding figure for control subjects was 11 (11%). The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Diabetes mellitus patients with current hyperglycemic status had significantly lower serum Mg as compared to euglycemic patients (p = 0.05). Serum Mg in diabetic patients was correlated with all lipid parameters. Among them, HDL-cholesterol was significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated (r = 0.34), while total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was negatively correlated, albeit non-significantly, with serum Mg. These results demonstrate that hypomagnesemia is accompanied by atherogenic alterations in the lipid profiles of type II diabetic patients of Lahore, Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Olsén L, Lind PM, Lind L. Gender differences for associations between circulating levels of metals and coronary risk in the elderly. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 215:411-7. [PMID: 22169700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have pointed out associations between various metals and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease prevalence is different between males and females, we investigated whether circulating levels of metals related differently to coronary risk in men and women. In the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study, coronary risk was assessed by the Framingham Risk Score together with circulating blood levels of 11 different trace and heavy metals in 1016 subjects aged 70 years. Circulating levels of cadmium, copper and manganese were significantly higher in women than in men, while mercury, zinc and lead were significantly lower following adjustment for kidney function (measured by glomerular filtration rate, GFR). No significant differences between women and men were seen regarding levels of aluminium, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and nickel. When all 11 metals were entered as independent variables together with GFR in multiple models in the Framingham Risk Score as the dependent variable, cadmium was the major determinant of the Framingham Risk Score in women (p<0.0001, followed by zinc p=0.03), while copper was the major determinant of the Framingham Risk Score in men (p<0.0001, followed by inverse relations vs. aluminium p=0.01 and nickel p=0.01). There are gender differences in levels of metals and also regarding the association between metals and coronary risk, with cadmium levels being most important for women and copper levels for men in this elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Olsén
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schulter G, Goessler W, Papousek I. Prenatal programming of adult mineral metabolism: Relevance to blood pressure, dietary prevention strategies, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 24:74-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
27
|
Dysregulation of renal transient receptor potential melastatin 6/7 but not paracellin-1 in aldosterone-induced hypertension and kidney damage in a model of hereditary hypomagnesemia. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1400-10. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834786d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
28
|
Kempson IM, Lombi E. Hair analysis as a biomonitor for toxicology, disease and health status. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3915-40. [PMID: 21468435 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair analysis receives a large amount of academic and commercial interest for wide-ranging applications. However, in many instances, especially for elemental or 'mineral' analysis, the degree of success of analytical interpretation has been quite minimal with respect to the extent of such endeavors. In this critical review we address the questions surrounding hair analysis with specific intent of discovering what hair concentrations can actually relate to in a biogenic sense. This is done from a chemistry perspective to explain why and how elements are incorporated into hair and their meaning. This includes an overview of variables attributed to altering hair concentrations, such as age, gender, melanin content, and other less reported factors. Hair elemental concentrations are reviewed with regard to morbidity, with specific examples of disease related effects summarized. The application of hair analysis for epidemiology and etiology studies is enforced. A section is dedicated specifically to the area of population studies with regards to mercury, which highlights how endogenous and exogenous incorporation relies on species dependant metabolism and metabolic products. Many of the considerations are relevant to other areas of interest in hair analysis, such as for drug and isotopic analysis. Inclusion of a table of elemental concentrations in hair should act as a valuable reference (298 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Kempson
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Suliburska J, Bogdański P, Pupek-Musialik D, Krejpcio Z. Dietary intake and serum and hair concentrations of minerals and their relationship with serum lipids and glucose levels in hypertensive and obese patients with insulin resistance. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 139:137-50. [PMID: 20195917 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate minerals intake, as well as disruption of some metabolic processes in which microelements are cofactors, are suggested to lead to the development of hypertension. The role of minerals in the pathogenesis of hypertension still remains to be explained. In the present study, we sought to determine associations between serum and hair mineral concentrations and serum lipids and glucose levels. Forty obese hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance and 40 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. Blood pressure, BMI, and insulin resistance were recorded in all subjects. Levels of lipids, glucose, sodium and potassium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium were assessed in serum. Iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium were assessed in hair. Dietary intake of the analyzed minerals was estimated. We found distinctly higher concentrations of serum iron and serum and hair calcium as well as markedly lower levels of hair zinc in the hypertensive subjects. The study group manifested also significantly lower daily intake of calcium, magnesium, and iron. We observed a relationship between the concentrations of iron, zinc, and copper in serum and hair and high and low range of cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose serum levels in the studied patients. Moreover, this study demonstrated significant correlation between serum and hair concentrations of selected minerals and their dietary intake and levels of serum lipids and glucose and blood pressure in the study and the control groups. The obtained results seem to indicate the association between lipid and glucose metabolism and iron, copper, zinc, and calcium concentrations in blood and hair of hypertensive and obese patients with insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Life Sciences University in Poznan, Wojska Polskiego 31, PL 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
González-Muñoz MJ, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Ródenas S, Sevillano MI, Larrea Marín MT, Bastida S. Differences in metal and metalloid content in the hair of normo- and hypertensive postmenopausal women. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:219-24. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi NG, Jamali MK, Arain MB, Sirajuddin, Kandhro GA, Shah AQ, Baig JA. Evaluation of arsenic, cobalt, copper and manganese in biological Samples of Steel mill workers by electrothermal atomic absorption Spectrometry. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25:59-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The determination of trace and toxic elements in biological samples (blood, urine and scalp hair samples) of human beings is an important clinical test. The aim of our present study was to determine the concentration of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), in biological samples of male production workers (PW) and quality control workers (QW) of steel mill, with aged 25–55 years, to assess the possible influence of environmental exposure. For comparison purpose, the same biological samples of unexposed healthy males of same age group were collected as control subjects. The determination of all elements in biological samples was carried out by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, prior to microwave assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the As, Cu, Co and Mn measurements was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) and for comparative purposes conventional wet acid digestion method was used on the same CRMs. No significant differences were observed between the analytical results and the certified values, using both methods (paired t-test at P > 0.05). The results indicate that concentrations of As, Cu, Co and Mn in all three biological samples of the exposed workers (QW and PW) were significantly higher than those of the controls. The possible correlation of these elements with the etiology of different physiological disorders is discussed. The results were also demonstrated the need of attention for improvements in workplace, ventilation and industrial hygiene practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HI Afridi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - TG Kazi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - NG Kazi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - MK Jamali
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - MB Arain
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sirajuddin
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - GA Kandhro
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - AQ Shah
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - JA Baig
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|