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Canlas J, Myers AL. Interactions of Betel Quid Constituents with Drug Disposition Pathways: An Overview. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:92-105. [PMID: 36852799 PMCID: PMC11271041 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230228142052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Global estimates indicate that over 600 million individuals worldwide consume the areca (betel) nut in some form. Nonetheless, its consumption is associated with a myriad of oral and systemic ailments, such as precancerous oral lesions, oropharyngeal cancers, liver toxicity and hepatic carcinoma, cardiovascular distress, and addiction. Users commonly chew slivers of areca nut in a complex consumable preparation called betel quid (BQ). Consequently, the user is exposed to a wide array of chemicals with diverse pharmacokinetic behavior in the body. However, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways significant to BQ chemicals is lacking. Henceforth, we performed a literature search to identify prominent BQ constituents and examine each chemical's interplay with drug disposition proteins. In total, we uncovered over 20 major chemicals (e.g., arecoline, nicotine, menthol, quercetin, tannic acid) present in the BQ mixture that were substrates, inhibitors, and/or inducers of various phase I (e.g., CYP, FMO, hydrolases) and phase II (e.g., GST, UGT, SULT) drug metabolizing enzymes, along with several transporters (e.g., P-gp, BCRP, MRP). Altogether, over 80 potential interactivities were found. Utilizing this new information, we generated theoretical predictions of drug interactions precipitated by BQ consumption. Data suggests that BQ consumers are at risk for drug interactions (and possible adverse effects) when co-ingesting other substances (multiple therapeutic classes) with overlapping elimination mechanisms. Until now, prediction about interactions is not widely known among BQ consumers and their clinicians. Further research is necessary based on our speculations to elucidate the biological ramifications of specific BQ-induced interactions and to take measures that improve the health of BQ consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Canlas
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Alan L. Myers
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
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Elhelaly AE, Elbadry S, Eltanani GSA, Saad MF, Darwish WS, Tahoun ABMB, Abd Ellatif SS. Residual contents of the toxic metals (lead and cadmium), and the trace elements (copper and zinc) in the bovine meat and dairy products: residues, dietary intakes, and their health risk assessment. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1968435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Seham Elbadry
- Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Farag Saad
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Meat Hygiene and Technology, Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa B. M. B. Tahoun
- Milk Hygiene and Technology, Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abd Ellatif
- Milk Hygiene and Technology, Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
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3
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Hufnagel M, Neuberger R, Wall J, Link M, Friesen A, Hartwig A. Impact of Differentiated Macrophage-Like Cells on the Transcriptional Toxicity Profile of CuO Nanoparticles in Co-Cultured Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095044. [PMID: 34068728 PMCID: PMC8126233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To mimic more realistic lung tissue conditions, co-cultures of epithelial and immune cells are one comparatively easy-to-use option. To reveal the impact of immune cells on the mode of action (MoA) of CuO nanoparticles (NP) on epithelial cells, A549 cells as a model for epithelial cells have been cultured with or without differentiated THP-1 cells, as a model for macrophages. After 24 h of submerged incubation, cytotoxicity and transcriptional toxicity profiles were obtained and compared between the cell culture systems. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was apparent starting from 8.0 µg/cm2 CuO NP. With regard to gene expression profiles, no differences between the cell models were observed concerning metal homeostasis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, confirming the known MoA of CuO NP, i.e., endocytotic particle uptake, intracellular particle dissolution within lysosomes with subsequent metal ion deliberation, increased oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. However, applying a co-culture of epithelial and macrophage-like cells, CuO NP additionally provoked a pro-inflammatory response involving NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory transcription factor activation. This study demonstrates that the application of this easy-to-use advanced in vitro model is able to extend the detection of cellular effects provoked by nanomaterials by an immunological response and emphasizes the use of such models to address a more comprehensive MoA.
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Li J, Miao X, Hao Y, Xie Z, Zou S, Zhou C. Health Risk Assessment of Metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Se) in Angling Fish with Different Lengths Collected from Liuzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072192. [PMID: 32218283 PMCID: PMC7177457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wild fish caught by anglers (WFAs) were confirmed to be usually contaminated with metals, and the contamination status is radically affected by the growth and length of the fish. To determine the contamination levels of metals and health risks in WFAs with different length ranges of fish, this study ascertained the concentration of eight metals, including Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg and Se, in 171 wild fishes collected from the watershed of Liujiang River. The assessment of metal pollution and health risks from the consumption of these fishes with seven length ranges were accomplished. The obtained results implied a relatively high concentration of Zn, Cr, and Cd up to 109.294 mg/kg, 4.226 mg/kg, and 0.196 mg/kg (wet weight), respectively, which exceed the corresponding Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The negative correlation between Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd was observed to be significant with fish length, signifying a possible occurrence of biological dilution on these metals. The WFAs were mostly contaminated with Cr and Cd irrespective of the length ranges of fish, which were denoted by the average pollution index (Pi) of Cr and Cd and were commonly found to be beyond 0.2. Based on the results of health risk assessment analysis, most of the target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Cr were below 1, implying that the consumption of wild fish for adults has insignificant health risk. For children, the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) values of beyond 1 were found in fishes with the length range of <25 cm, particularly a TTHQ value 1.627 in the range of 10–15 cm, indicating that children are being prone to serious health risks owing to the consumption of WFAs. The weekly recommended consumption of WFAs with the length range of 10–15 cm for adults and children was 0.298 kg/week and 0.149 kg/week, respectively. These are substantially lower than the current rate of fish consumption (0.42 kg/week), and therefore, the wild fish with the length range of 10–15 cm should be avoided for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; (J.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Xiongyi Miao
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; (J.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yupei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; (J.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Shengzheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; (J.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; (J.L.); (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Darwish WS, Chen Z, Li Y, Wu Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Identification of cadmium-produced lipid hydroperoxides, transcriptomic changes in antioxidant enzymes, xenobiotic transporters, and pro-inflammatory markers in human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and protection with fat-soluble vitamins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1978-1990. [PMID: 31768957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that is regarded as a metallohormone with estrogen-like properties. The present study aimed at identification of lipid hydroperoxides produced in human breast cancer (MCF7) exposed to cadmium (Cd) at environmentally relevant levels. Cd induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and produced a series of 26 lipid hydroperoxide species including 14 phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PC-OOH), 9 triacylglycerol hydroperoxides (TG-OOH), and 3 cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH). Among these hydroperoxides, PC34:2-OOH, PC34:3-OOH, TG60:14-OOH, TG48:5-OOH, TG60:15-OOH, and CE20:4-OOH were produced in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting these as possible biomarkers for Cd exposure in MCF7 cells. In addition, Cd led to significant decreases in the gene expressions of antioxidants, detoxification enzymes, and xenobiotic transporters. In a protection trial, co-exposure of MCF7 cells to fat-soluble vitamins including vitamin A, D, and E reduced Cd-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Fat-soluble vitamins upregulated antioxidant and detoxification enzymes, and xenobiotic transporters. Therefore, dietary supplementation of such micronutrients is recommended for people at risk for exposure to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Zhen Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yonghan Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi 4-2-1-15, Higashi Ku, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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6
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Darwish WS, Chiba H, Elhelaly AE, Hui SP. Estimation of cadmium content in Egyptian foodstuffs: health risk assessment, biological responses of human HepG2 cells to food-relevant concentrations of cadmium, and protection trials using rosmarinic and ascorbic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15443-15457. [PMID: 30941714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that can get entry into human body via ingestion of contaminated foods causing multiple organ damage. This study aimed at monitoring Cd residues in 20 foodstuffs of animal origin that are commonly consumed in Egypt. Health risk assessment was conducted via calculation of Cd dietary intakes and non-carcinogenic target hazard quotient. An in vitro approach was performed to investigate the constitutive effects of Cd on human hepatoma (HepG2) cells under food-relevant concentrations. Trials to reduce Cd-induced adverse effects on HepG2 cells were done using rosmarinic (RMA) and ascorbic acids (ASA). The achieved results indicated contamination of the tested foodstuffs with Cd at high levels with potential human health hazards. Cd at food-relevant concentrations caused significant cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. This may be attributed to induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, as indicated by the overexpression of stress and inflammatory markers. At the same time, Cd downregulated xenobiotic transporters and upregulated the proliferation factors. Co-exposure of HepG2 cells to Cd and micronutrients such as RMA and ASA led to recovery of cells from the oxidative damage, and subsequently cell viability was strongly improved. RMA and ASA ameliorated the biological responses of HepG2 cells to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi 4-2-1-15, Higashi Ku, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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7
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Schönlau C, Larsson M, Lam MM, Engwall M, Giesy JP, Rochman C, Kärrman A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated potencies in field-deployed plastics vary by type of polymer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9079-9088. [PMID: 30715715 PMCID: PMC6469617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is able to sorb environmental pollutants from ambient water and might act as a vector for these pollutants to marine organisms. The potential toxicological effects of plastic-sorbed pollutants in marine organisms have not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, organic extracts from four types of plastic deployed for 9 or 12 months in San Diego Bay, California, were examined for their potential to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway by use of the H4IIE-luc assay. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including the 16 priority PAHs, were quantified. The AhR-mediated potency in the deployed plastic samples, calculated as bio-TEQ values, ranged from 2.7 pg/g in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to 277 pg/g in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Concentrations of the sum of 24 PAHs in the deployed samples ranged from 4.6 to 1068 ng/g. By use of relative potency factors (REP), a potency balance between the biological effect (bio-TEQs) and the targeted PAHs (chem-TEQs) was calculated to 24-170%. The study reports, for the first time, in vitro AhR-mediated potencies for different deployed plastics, of which LDPE elicited the greatest concentration of bio-TEQs followed by polypropylene (PP), PET, and polyvinylchloride (PVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schönlau
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Maria Larsson
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Monika M Lam
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chelsea Rochman
- University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Kärrman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Morshdy AEMA, Darwish WS, Daoud JRM, Sebak MAM. Estimation of metal residues in Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus intended for human consumption in Egypt: a health risk assessment study with some reduction trials. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-018-1198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Darwish WS, Atia AS, Khedr MHE, Eldin WFS. Metal contamination in quail meat: residues, sources, molecular biomarkers, and human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20106-20115. [PMID: 29748799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quail meat is an emerging source of high-quality animal protein. Quails are exposed to a wide range of xenobiotics such as heavy metals. In this study, residual concentrations of four toxic metals, of significant public health importance, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni), were determined in edible tissues of quails. In addition, metal loads were measured in water, feed, and litter samples collected from same quail farms as possible sources for quail exposure to heavy metals. The possible use of metallothionein (MT) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as molecular biomarkers of exposure to heavy metals was further investigated. Furthermore, the dietary intake and the potential risk assessment of the examined heavy metals among children and adults were calculated. The edible tissues of quails contained high concentrations of four heavy metals (contents (ppm/ww) ranging from 0.02 to 0.32 in Cd, 0.05 to 1.96 in Pb, 0.002 to 0.32 in As, and 1.17 to 3.94 in Ni), which corresponded to the high contents of these metals in the feeds, water, and litter. MT and Hsp70 mRNA expressions showed positive correlations with the concentrations of heavy metals in tissues indicating the possibility to use these proteins as biomarkers for quail's exposure to toxic metals. Dietary intake of quail meat and risk assessment revealed potential risks especially for children after prolonged exposure to the examined metals. Thus, legislations should be established and continuous screening of metal residues should be adopted in order to reduce the toxic metal concentrations in feeds and drinking water for quails. Reduction of exposure to heavy metals subsequently would lead to minimization of exposure of such toxicants through consumption of quail meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Amira Samir Atia
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mariam H E Khedr
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin
- Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama S, Mizukawa H, Thompson LA, Ishizuka M. β-carotene and retinol reduce benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenicity and oxidative stress via transcriptional modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in human HepG2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6320-6328. [PMID: 29247416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which is formed due to smoking of foods, incomplete combustion of woods, vehicle exhausts, and cigarettes smokes. B[a]P gets entry into human and animal bodies mainly through their diets. Metabolic activation of B[a]P is required to induce mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in animal and human studies. Carotenoids and retinoids are phytochemicals that if ingested have multiple physiological interferences in the human and animal bodies. In this study, we firstly investigated the protective effects of β-carotene, β-apo-8-carotenal, retinol, and retinoic acid against B[a]P-induced mutagenicity and oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells. Secondly, we tested the hypothesis of modulating xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) by carotenoids and retinoids as a possible mechanism of protection by these micronutrients against B[a]P adverse effects. The obtained results declared that β-carotene and retinol significantly reduced B[a]P-induced mutagenicity and oxidative stress. Tested carotenoids and retinoids reduced B[a]P-induced phase I XMEs and induced B[a]P reduced phase II and III XMEs. Thus, the protective effects of these micronutrients are probably due to their ability of induction of phase II and III enzymes and interference with the induction of phase I enzymes by the promutagen, B[a]P. It is highly recommended to consume foods rich in these micronutrients in the areas of high PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44510, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Lesa A Thompson
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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11
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Mandil R, Rahal A, Prakash A, Garg SK, Gangwar NK, Swain DK. Ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol against flubendiamide and copper-induced testicular-insult in Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:91-101. [PMID: 27823922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Study was undertaken to evaluate ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol against copper sulphate and flubendiamide alone and in combination-induced toxicity in rats following 90 days exposure. Absolute and relative organ weights did not differ between treatments groups. Increase of LPO in copper and flubendiamide intoxicated rats but modest increase in copper + flubendiamide group. GSH and activities of SOD, GPx and GST showed moderate decrease in intoxicated groups. Reduced CAT activity in alone exposed groups was observed. ACP, ALP and SDH remain unaltered. Increase in LDH, γ-GT, abnormal sperm and reduced 17β-HSD, percent live and HOST +ve sperms and testosterone level was observed in all three exposed groups. Xenobiotics alone and in combination exhibited degenerative germinal epithelium, necrotic germ cells, loss of spermatozoa and spermatids. Treatment with α-tocopherol, reparative potential was observed as values of most of the parameters including testicular histoarchitecture were restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
| | - Anu Rahal
- Central Institute for Research on Goat (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281122, India
| | - Atul Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Neeraj K Gangwar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Dilip K Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
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12
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Nishiyama Y, Nakayama SMM, Watanabe KP, Kawai YK, Ohno M, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Strain differences in cytochrome P450 mRNA and protein expression, and enzymatic activity among Sprague Dawley, Wistar, Brown Norway and Dark Agouti rats. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:675-80. [PMID: 26806536 PMCID: PMC4873860 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) exhibits inter-strain differences, but their analysis has been
scattered across studies under different conditions. To identify these strain differences
in CYP more comprehensively, mRNA expression, protein expression and metabolic activity
among Wistar (WI), Sprague Dawley (SD), Dark Agouti (DA) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were
compared. The mRNA level and enzymatic activity of CYP1A1 were highest in SD rats. The
rank order of Cyp3a2 mRNA expression mirrored its protein expression,
i.e., DA>BN>SD>WI, and was similar to the CYP3A2-dependent warfarin metabolic
activity, i.e., DA>SD>BN>WI. These results suggest that the strain differences in
CYP3A2 enzymatic activity are caused by differences in mRNA expression.
Cyp2b1 mRNA levels, which were higher in DA rats, did not correlate
with its protein expression or enzymatic activity. This suggests that the strain
differences in enzymatic activity are not related to Cyp2b1 mRNA
expression. In conclusion, WI rats tended to have the lowest CYP1A1, 2B1 and 3A2 mRNA
expression, protein expression and enzymatic activity among the strains. In addition, SD
rats had the highest CYP1A1 mRNA expression and activity, while DA rats had higher CYP2B1
and CYP3A2 mRNA and protein expression. These inter-strain differences in CYP could
influence pharmacokinetic considerations in preclinical toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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13
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Klaren WD, Flor S, Gibson-Corley KN, Ludewig G, Robertson LW. Metallothionein's role in PCB126 induced hepatotoxicity and hepatic micronutrient disruption. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:21-28. [PMID: 26770886 PMCID: PMC4710377 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial chemicals and persistent environmental pollutants, are found in rural and urban settings. Rodent studies have shown that exposure to PCB126, a dioxin-like PCB, causes a significant disruption of hepatic micronutrient homeostasis and an increase in metallothionein (MT), an antioxidant protein and metal carrier. A MT knockout mouse strain was used to assess metallothionein’s role in micronutrient disruption and overall hepatotoxicity. Twenty four 129S male mice (12 wild type (WT) and 12 MT knockout (MTKO)) were placed on a purified diet (AIN-93G) for 3 weeks to achieve hepatic metal equilibrium. Mice were then given a single IP injection of either vehicle or 150 μmol/kg PCB126 in vehicle. The animals were sacrificed 2 weeks later and organs processed for analysis. Liver histology, hepatic lipids, gene expression, micronutrient and ROS status were investigated. Liver weights, liver lipids, ROS, and hepatocyte vacuolation were increased with PCB126 exposure along with AhR responsive genes. The MTKO animals had more severe histological changes in the liver and elevated liver lipids than their wild type counterparts. Hepatic and renal metals levels (Cu, Zn, Se and Mn) were mostly reduced by PCB126 treatment. Renal micronutrients were more affected by PCB126 treatment in the MTKO animals. This research suggests that MT may not be the sole/primary cause of the metal disruption caused by PCB126 exposure in mice, but may provide protection against overall hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Klaren
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - S Flor
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - G Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - L W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Constitutive Effects of Lead on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Gene Battery and Protection by β-carotene and Ascorbic Acid in Human HepG2 Cells. J Food Sci 2015; 81:T275-81. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wageh S. Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Food Control Dept, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig Univ; Zagazig 44510 Egypt
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