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Khoshakhlagh AH, Mohammadzadeh M, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Oikonomou E. Burden of cardiovascular disease attributed to air pollution: a systematic review. Global Health 2024; 20:37. [PMID: 38702798 PMCID: PMC11069222 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are estimated to be the leading cause of global death. Air pollution is the biggest environmental threat to public health worldwide. It is considered a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for CVDs because it can be prevented by adopting the right national and international policies. The present study was conducted to synthesize the results of existing studies on the burden of CVDs attributed to air pollution, namely prevalence, hospitalization, disability, mortality, and cost characteristics. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify studies, without time limitations, up to June 13, 2023. Exclusion criteria included prenatal exposure, exposure to indoor air pollution, review studies, conferences, books, letters to editors, and animal and laboratory studies. The quality of the articles was evaluated based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Assessment Form, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and Drummond Criteria using a self-established scale. The articles that achieved categories A and B were included in the study. RESULTS Of the 566 studies obtained, based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 92 studies were defined as eligible in the present systematic review. The results of these investigations supported that chronic exposure to various concentrations of air pollutants, increased the prevalence, hospitalization, disability, mortality, and costs of CVDs attributed to air pollution, even at relatively low levels. According to the results, the main pollutant investigated closely associated with hypertension was PM2.5. Furthermore, the global DALY related to stroke during 2016-2019 has increased by 1.8 times and hospitalization related to CVDs in 2023 has increased by 8.5 times compared to 2014. CONCLUSION Ambient air pollution is an underestimated but significant and modifiable contributor to CVDs burden and public health costs. This should not only be considered an environmental problem but also as an important risk factor for a significant increase in CVD cases and mortality. The findings of the systematic review highlighted the opportunity to apply more preventive measures in the public health sector to reduce the footprint of CVDs in human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Climate Change and Health Research Center (CCHRC), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Chang C, Gupta R, Sedighian F, Louie A, Gonzalez DM, Le C, Cho JM, Park SK, Castellanos J, Ting TW, Dong TS, Arias-Jayo N, Lagishetty V, Navab M, Reddy S, Sioutas C, Hsiai T, Jacobs JP, Araujo JA. Subchronic inhalation exposure to ultrafine particulate matter alters the intestinal microbiome in various mouse models. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118242. [PMID: 38242419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) has been associated with multiple adverse health effects. Inhaled UFPs could reach the gastrointestinal tract and influence the composition of the gut microbiome. We have previously shown that oral ingestion of UFPs alters the gut microbiome and promotes intestinal inflammation in hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- mice. Particulate matter (PM)2.5 inhalation studies have also demonstrated microbiome shifts in normolipidemic C57BL/6 mice. However, it is not known whether changes in microbiome precede or follow inflammatory effects in the intestinal mucosa. We hypothesized that inhaled UFPs modulate the gut microbiome prior to the development of intestinal inflammation. We studied the effects of UFP inhalation on the gut microbiome and intestinal mucosa in two hyperlipidemic mouse models (ApoE-/- mice and Ldlr-/- mice) and normolipidemic C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed to PM in the ultrafine-size range by inhalation for 6 h a day, 3 times a week for 10 weeks at a concentration of 300-350 μg/m3.16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize sequential changes in the fecal microbiome during exposures, and changes in the intestinal microbiome at the end. PM exposure led to progressive differentiation of the microbiota over time, associated with increased fecal microbial richness and evenness, altered microbial composition, and differentially abundant microbes by week 10 depending on the mouse model. Cross-sectional analysis of the small intestinal microbiome at week 10 showed significant changes in α-diversity, β-diversity, and abundances of individual microbial taxa in the two hyperlipidemic models. These alterations of the intestinal microbiome were not accompanied, and therefore could not be caused, by increased intestinal inflammation as determined by histological analysis of small and large intestine, cytokine gene expression, and levels of fecal lipocalin. In conclusion, 10-week inhalation exposures to UFPs induced taxonomic changes in the microbiome of various animal models in the absence of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sedighian
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David M Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Collin Le
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Castellanos
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - To-Wei Ting
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nerea Arias-Jayo
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California (USC) Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Chemistry and lung toxicity of particulate matter emitted from firearms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20722. [PMID: 36456643 PMCID: PMC9715551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke emissions produced by firearms contain hazardous chemicals, but little is known if their properties change depending on firearm and ammunition type and whether such changes affect toxicity outcomes. Pulmonary toxicity was assessed in mice exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to six different types of smoke-related particulate matter (PM) samples; (1) handgun PM, (2) rifle PM, (3) copper (Cu) particles (a surrogate for Cu in the rifle PM) with and without the Cu chelator penicillamine, (4) water-soluble components of the rifle PM, (5) soluble components with removal of metal ions, and (6) insoluble components of the rifle PM. Gun firing smoke PM was in the respirable size range but the chemical composition varied with high levels of Pb in the handgun and Cu in the rifle smoke. The handgun PM did not induce appreciable lung toxicity at 4 and 24 h post-exposure while the rifle PM significantly increased lung inflammation and reduced lung function. The same levels of pure Cu particles alone and the soluble components from the rifle fire PM increased neutrophil numbers but did not cause appreciable cellular damage or lung function changes when compared to the negative (saline) control. Penicillamine treated rifle PM or Cu, slightly reduced lung inflammation and injury but did not improve the lung function decrements. Chelation of the soluble metal ions from the rifle fire PM neutralized the lung toxicity while the insoluble components induced the lung toxicity to the same degree as the rifle PM. The results show that different firearm types can generate contrasting chemical spectra in their emissions and that the rifle PM effects were mostly driven by water-insoluble components containing high levels of Cu. These findings provide better knowledge of hazardous substances in gun firing smoke and their potential toxicological profile.
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Sidwell A, Smith SC, Roper C. A comparison of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in vivo exposure studies incorporating chemical analysis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:422-444. [PMID: 36351256 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2142345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex, variable mixtures present in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been well established, and associations between chemical constituents and human health are expanding. In the past decade, there has been an increase in PM2.5 toxicology studies that include chemical analysis of samples. This investigation is a crucial component for identifying the causal constituents for observed adverse health effects following exposure to PM2.5. In this review, investigations of PM2.5 that used both in vivo models were explored and chemical analysis with a focus on respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, reproductive, and developmental toxicity was examined to determine if chemical constituents were considered in the interpretation of the toxicity findings. Comparisons between model systems, PM2.5 characteristics, endpoints, and results were made. A vast majority of studies observed adverse effects in vivo following exposure to PM2.5. While limited, investigations that explored connections between chemical components and measured endpoints noted significant associations between biological measurements and a variety of PM2.5 constituents including elements, ions, and organic/elemental carbon, indicating the need for such analysis. Current limitations in available data, including relatively scarce statistical comparisons between collected toxicity and chemical datasets, are provided. Future progress in this field in combination with epidemiologic research examining chemical composition may support regulatory standards of PM2.5 to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Sidwell
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Samuel Cole Smith
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Courtney Roper
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Carberry CK, Koval LE, Payton A, Hartwell H, Ho Kim Y, Smith GJ, Reif DM, Jaspers I, Ian Gilmour M, Rager JE. Wildfires and extracellular vesicles: Exosomal MicroRNAs as mediators of cross-tissue cardiopulmonary responses to biomass smoke. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107419. [PMID: 35863239 PMCID: PMC9389917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wildfires are a threat to public health world-wide that are growing in intensity and prevalence. The biological mechanisms that elicit wildfire-associated toxicity remain largely unknown. The potential involvement of cross-tissue communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a new mechanism that has yet to be evaluated. METHODS Female CD-1 mice were exposed to smoke condensate samples collected from the following biomass burn scenarios: flaming peat; smoldering peat; flaming red oak; and smoldering red oak, representing lab-based simulations of wildfire scenarios. Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, peripheral blood, and heart tissues were collected 4 and 24 h post-exposure. Exosome-enriched EVs were isolated from plasma, physically characterized, and profiled for microRNA (miRNA) expression. Pathway-level responses in the lung and heart were evaluated through RNA sequencing and pathway analyses. RESULTS Markers of cardiopulmonary tissue injury and inflammation from BALF samples were significantly altered in response to exposures, with the greatest changes occurring from flaming biomass conditions. Plasma EV miRNAs relevant to cardiovascular disease showed exposure-induced expression alterations, including miR-150, miR-183, miR-223-3p, miR-30b, and miR-378a. Lung and heart mRNAs were identified with differential expression enriched for hypoxia and cell stress-related pathways. Flaming red oak exposure induced the greatest transcriptional response in the heart, a large portion of which were predicted as regulated by plasma EV miRNAs, including miRNAs known to regulate hypoxia-induced cardiovascular injury. Many of these miRNAs had published evidence supporting their transfer across tissues. A follow-up analysis of miR-30b showed that it was increased in expression in the heart of exposed mice in the absence of changes to its precursor molecular, pri-miR-30b, suggesting potential transfer from external sources (e.g., plasma). DISCUSSION This study posits a potential mechanism through which wildfire exposures induce cardiopulmonary responses, highlighting the role of circulating plasma EVs in intercellular and systems-level communication between tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Koval
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hadley Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Jiang W, Chen H, Liao J, Yang X, Yang B, Zhang Y, Pan X, Lian L, Yang L. The short-term effects and burden of particle air pollution on hospitalization for coronary heart disease: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Sichuan, China. Environ Health 2022; 21:19. [PMID: 35045878 PMCID: PMC8767695 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of death globally, might be developed or exacerbated by air pollution, resulting high burden to patients. To date, limited studies have estimated the relations between short-term exposure to air pollution and CHD disease burden in China, with inconsistent results. Hence, we aimed to estimate the short-term impact and burden of ambient PM pollutants on hospitalizations of CHD and specific CHD. METHODS PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at 82 monitoring stations in 9 cities in Sichuan Province, China during 2017-2018. Based on the time-stratified case-crossover design, the effects of short-term exposure to particle matter (PM) pollution on coronary heart disease (CHD) hospital admissions were estimated. Meanwhile, the linked burden of CHD owing to ambient PM pollution were estimated. RESULTS A total of 104,779 CHD records were derived from 153 hospitals from these 9 cities. There were significant effects of PM pollution on hospital admissions (HAs) for CHD and specific CHD in Sichuan Province. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10 and PM2.5 was linked with a 0.46% (95% CI: 0.08, 0.84%), and 0.57% (95% CI: 0.05, 1.09%) increments in HAs for CHD at lag7, respectively. The health effects of air pollutants were comparable modified by age, season and gender, showing old (≥ 65 years) and in cold season being more vulnerable to the effects of ambient air pollution, while gender-specific effects is positive but not conclusive. Involving the WHO's air quality guidelines as the reference, 1784 and 2847 total cases of HAs for CHD could be attributable to PM10 and PM2.5, separately. The total medical cost that could be attributable to exceeding PM10 and PM2.5 were 42.04 and 67.25 million CNY from 2017 to 2018, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the short-term exposure to air pollutants were associated with increased HAs for CHD in Sichuan Province, which could be implications for local environment improvement and policy reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyanhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Lulu Lian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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Rager JE, Clark J, Eaves LA, Avula V, Niehoff NM, Kim YH, Jaspers I, Gilmour MI. Mixtures modeling identifies chemical inducers versus repressors of toxicity associated with wildfire smoke. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145759. [PMID: 33611182 PMCID: PMC8243846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to wildfire smoke continues to be a growing threat to public health, yet the chemical components in wildfire smoke that primarily drive toxicity and associated disease are largely unknown. This study utilized a suite of computational approaches to identify groups of chemicals induced by variable biomass burn conditions that were associated with biological responses in the mouse lung, including pulmonary immune response and injury markers. Smoke condensate samples were collected and characterized, resulting in chemical distribution information for 86 constituents across ten different exposures. Mixtures-relevant statistical methods included (i) a chemical clustering and data-reduction method, weighted chemical co-expression network analysis (WCCNA), (ii) a quantile g-computation approach to address the joint effect of multiple chemicals in different groupings, and (iii) a correlation analysis to compare mixtures modeling results against individual chemical relationships. Seven chemical groups were identified using WCCNA based on co-occurrence showing both positive and negative relationships with biological responses. A group containing methoxyphenols (e.g., coniferyl aldehyde, eugenol, guaiacol, and vanillin) displayed highly significant, negative relationships with several biological responses, including cytokines and lung injury markers. This group was further shown through quantile g-computation methods to associate with reduced biological responses. Specifically, mixtures modeling based on all chemicals excluding those in the methoxyphenol group demonstrated more significant, positive relationships with several biological responses; whereas mixtures modeling based on just those in the methoxyphenol group demonstrated significant negative relationships with several biological responses, suggesting potential protective effects. Mixtures-based analyses also identified other groups consisting of inorganic elements and ionic constituents showing positive relationships with several biological responses, including markers of inflammation. Many of the effects identified through mixtures modeling in this analysis were not captured through individual chemical analyses. Together, this study demonstrates the utility of mixtures-based approaches to identify potential drivers and inhibitors of toxicity relevant to wildfire exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jeliyah Clark
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vennela Avula
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicole M Niehoff
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Tong H, Snow SJ, Chen H, Schladweiler MC, Carswell G, Chorley B, Kodavanti UP. Fish oil and olive oil-enriched diets alleviate acute ozone-induced cardiovascular effects in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115296. [PMID: 33091443 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) and olive oil (OO) supplementations attenuate the cardiovascular responses to inhaled concentrated ambient particles in human volunteers. This study was designed to examine the cardiovascular effects of ozone (O3) exposure and the efficacy of FO and OO-enriched diets in attenuating the cardiovascular effects from O3 exposure in rats. Rats were fed either a normal diet (ND), a diet enriched with 6% FO or OO starting at 4 weeks of age. Eight weeks following the start of these diet, animals were exposed to filtered air (FA) or 0.8 ppm O3, 4 h/day for 2 consecutive days. Immediately after exposure, cardiac function was measured as the indices of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility (dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin) before ischemia. In addition, selective microRNAs (miRNAs) of inflammation, endothelial function, and cardiac function were assessed in cardiac tissues to examine the molecular alterations of diets and O3 exposure. Pre-ischemic LVDP and dP/dtmax were lower after O3 exposure in rats fed ND but not FO and OO. Cardiac miRNAs expressions were altered by both diet and O3 exposure. Specifically, O3-induced up-regulation of miR-150-5p and miR-208a-5p were attenuated by FO and/or OO. miR-21 was up-regulated by both FO and OO after O3 exposure. This study demonstrated that O3-induced cardiovascular responses appear to be blunted by FO and OO diets. O3-induced alterations in miRNAs linked to inflammation, cardiac function, and endothelial dysfunction support these pathways are involved, and dietary supplementation with FO or OO may alleviate these adverse cardiovascular effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Tong
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States.
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Gleta Carswell
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Brian Chorley
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
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9
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Qiu H, Wang L, Zhou L, Pan J. Coarse particles (PM 2.5-10) and cause-specific hospitalizations in southwestern China: Association, attributable risk and economic costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110004. [PMID: 32745536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-term morbidity effects of the coarse particle (diameter in 2.5-10 μm, PM2.5-10), as well as the corresponding morbidity burden and economic costs, remain understudied, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations in a multi-city setting in southwestern China and assess the attributable risk and economic costs. City-specific associations were firstly estimated using generalized additive models with quasi-poisson distribution to handle over-dispersion, and then combined to obtain the regional average association. City-specific and pooled concentration-response (C-R) associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations were also modeled. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, season and region. The health and economic burden of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes due to PM2.5-10 were further evaluated. A total of 4,407,601 non-accidental hospitalizations were collected from 678 hospitals. The estimates of percentage change in hospitalizations per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5-10 at lag01 was 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.03%) for non-accidental causes, 0.86% (95% CI: 0.36%-1.37%) for circulatory diseases, 1.52% (95% CI: 1.00%-2.05%) for respiratory diseases, 1.08% (95% CI: 0.47%-1.69%) for endocrine diseases, 0.66% (95% CI: 0.12%-1.21%) for nervous system diseases, and 0.84% (95% CI: 0.42%-1.25%) for genitourinary diseases, respectively. The C-R associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations suggested some evidence of nonlinearity, except for endocrine diseases. Meanwhile, the adverse effects were modified by age and season. Overall, about 0.70% (95% CI: 0.35%-1.06%) of non-accidental hospitalizations and 0.78% (95% CI: 0.38%-1.17%) of total hospitalization expenses could be attributed to PM2.5-10. The largest morbidity burden and economic costs were observed in respiratory diseases. Our findings indicate that PM2.5-10 exposure may increase the risk of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes, and account for considerable morbidity and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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10
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Zychowski KE, Tyler CRS, Sanchez B, Harmon M, Liu J, Irshad H, McDonald JD, Bleske BE, Campen MJ. Vehicular Particulate Matter (PM) Characteristics Impact Vascular Outcomes Following Inhalation. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:211-221. [PMID: 31410643 PMCID: PMC7015791 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Roadside proximity and exposure to mixed vehicular emissions (MVE) have been linked to adverse pulmonary and vascular outcomes. However, because of the complex nature of the contribution of particulate matter (PM) versus gases, it is difficult to decipher the precise causative factors regarding PM and the copollutant gaseous fraction. To this end, C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) were exposed to either filtered air (FA), fine particulate (FP), FP+gases (FP+G), ultrafine particulate (UFP), or UFP+gases (UFP+G). Two different timeframes were employed: 1-day (acute) or 30-day (subchronic) exposures. Examined biological endpoints included aortic vasoreactivity, aortic lesion quantification, and aortic mRNA expression. Impairments in vasorelaxation were observed following acute exposure to FP+G in C57BL/6 animals and FP, UFP, and UFP+G in ApoE-/- animals. These effects were completely abrogated or markedly reduced following subchronic exposure. Aortic lesion quantification in ApoE-/- animals indicated a significant increase in atheroma size in the UFP-, FP-, and FP+G-exposed groups. Additionally, ApoE-/- mice demonstrated a significant fold increase in TNFα expression following FP+G exposure and ET-1 following UFP exposure. Interestingly, C57BL/6 aortic gene expression varied widely across exposure groups. TNFα decreased significantly following FP exposure and CCL-5 decreased in the UFP-, FP-, and FP+G-exposed groups. Conversely, ET-1, CCL-2, and CXCL-1 were all significantly upregulated in the FP+G group. These findings suggest that gas-particle interactions may play a role in vascular toxicity, but the contribution of surface area is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Zychowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | - Bethany Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Molly Harmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - June Liu
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Hammad Irshad
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Barry E Bleske
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Administrative Sciences, The University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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11
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Yue JL, Liu H, Li H, Liu JJ, Hu YH, Wang J, Lu L, Wang F. Association between ambient particulate matter and hospitalization for anxiety in China: A multicity case-crossover study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 223:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Tong H, Zavala J, McIntosh-Kastrinsky R, Sexton KG. Cardiovascular effects of diesel exhaust inhalation: photochemically altered versus freshly emitted in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:944-955. [PMID: 31566091 PMCID: PMC7308149 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1671278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the cardiovascular effects of inhaled photochemically altered diesel exhaust (aged DE) to freshly emitted DE (fresh DE) in female C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were exposed to either fresh DE, aged DE, or filtered air (FA) for 4 hr using an environmental irradiation chamber. Cardiac responses were assessed 8 hr after exposure utilizing Langendorff preparation with a protocol consisting of 20 min of perfusion and 20 min of ischemia followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured by indices of left-ventricular-developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility (dP/dt) prior to ischemia. Recovery of post-ischemic LVDP was examined on reperfusion following ischemia. Fresh DE contained 460 µg/m3 of particulate matter (PM), 0.29 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and no ozone (O3), while aged DE consisted of 330 µg/m3 of PM, 0.23 ppm O3 and no NO2. Fresh DE significantly decreased LVDP, dP/dtmax, and dP/dtmin compared to FA. Aged DE also significantly reduced LVDP and dP/dtmax. Data demonstrated that acute inhalation to either fresh or aged DE lowered LVDP and dP/dt, with a greater fall noted with fresh DE, suggesting that the composition of DE may play a key role in DE-induced adverse cardiovascular effects in female C57Bl/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jose Zavala
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel McIntosh-Kastrinsky
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth G. Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Saleh Y, Antherieu S, Dusautoir R, Y Alleman L, Sotty J, De Sousa C, Platel A, Perdrix E, Riffault V, Fronval I, Nesslany F, Canivet L, Garçon G, Lo-Guidice JM. Exposure to Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles Induces Severe Lung Inflammatory Response and Tissue Remodeling in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071210. [PMID: 30987320 PMCID: PMC6479904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is leading to various respiratory health outcomes. Compared to coarse and fine particles, less is known about the effects of chronic exposure to ultrafine particles, despite their higher number and reactivity. In the present study, we performed a time-course experiment in mice to better analyze the lung impact of atmospheric ultrafine particles, with regard to the effects induced by fine particles collected on the same site. Trace element and PAH analysis demonstrated the almost similar chemical composition of both particle fractions. Mice were exposed intranasally to FF or UFP according to acute (10, 50 or 100 µg of PM) and repeated (10 µg of PM 3 times a week during 1 or 3 months) exposure protocols. More particle-laden macrophages and even greater chronic inflammation were observed in the UFP-exposed mice lungs. Histological analyses revealed that about 50% of lung tissues were damaged in mice exposed to UFP for three months versus only 35% in FF-exposed mice. These injuries were characterized by alveolar wall thickening, macrophage infiltrations, and cystic lesions. Taken together, these results strongly motivate the update of current regulations regarding ambient PM concentrations to include UFP and limit their emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Saleh
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Sébastien Antherieu
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Romain Dusautoir
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jules Sotty
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Corentin De Sousa
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Anne Platel
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Esperanza Perdrix
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Véronique Riffault
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Fronval
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Ludivine Canivet
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice
- EA4483-IMPECS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille CEDEX, France.
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14
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Wang K, Hao Y, Au W, Christiani DC, Xia ZL. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Short-Term Particulate Matter Exposure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations in China. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e112-e124. [PMID: 30640845 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis of short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations in China, including data from two-pollutant model. METHODS From PubMed and Web of Science, we selected case-crossover or time-series studies conducted in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, or Taiwan to investigate the association between PM exposure and COPD hospitalizations. The meta-analysis was performed using data from both single-pollutant and two-pollutant models for PM2.5 and PM10. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included in our analysis. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were both significantly associated with COPD hospitalizations. The results remained robust in two-pollutant model, whereas subgroup analyses demonstrated a modest heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our review shows a small but obvious exposure-hospitalization effect in China. More studies are needed to generate the needed evidence, and advocacy is needed to stimulate initiation of solutions to the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Mr Wang, Dr Hao, and Dr Xia); Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China (Dr Au); University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu Mures, Romania (Dr Au); Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Christiani)
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15
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Tong H, Krug JD, Krantz QT, King C, Hargrove MM, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Inhalation of Simulated Smog Atmospheres Affects Cardiac Function in Mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:569-578. [PMID: 29943085 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The health effects of individual criteria air pollutants have been well investigated. However, little is known about the health effects of air pollutant mixtures that more realistically represent environmental exposures. The present study was designed to evaluate the cardiac effects of inhaled simulated smog atmospheres (SA) generated from the photochemistry of either gasoline and isoprene (SA-G) or isoprene (SA-Is) in mice. Four-month-old female mice were exposed for 4 h to filtered air (FA), SA-G, or SA-Is. Immediately and 20 h after exposure, cardiac responses were assessed with a Langendorff preparation using a protocol consisting of 20 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured by index of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and cardiac contractility (dP/dt) before ischemia. Pre-ischemic LVDP was lower in mice immediately after SA-Is exposure (52.2 ± 5.7 cm H2O compared to 83.9 ± 7.4 cm H2O after FA exposure; p = 0.008) and 20 h after SA-G exposure (54.0 ± 12.7 cm H2O compared to 79.3 ± 7.4 cm H2O after FA exposure; p = 0.047). Pre-ischemic left ventricular contraction dP/dtmax was lower in mice immediately after SA-Is exposure (2025 ± 169 cm H2O/sec compared to 3044 ± 219 cm H2O/sec after FA exposure; p < 0.05) and 20 h after SA-G exposure (1864 ± 328 cm H2O/sec compared to 2650 ± 258 cm H2O/sec after FA exposure; p = 0.05). In addition, SA-G reduced the coronary artery flow rate 20 h after exposure compared to the FA control. This study demonstrates that acute SA-G and SA-Is exposures decrease LVDP and cardiac contractility in mice, indicating that photochemically-altered atmospheres affect the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Krug
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Q Todd Krantz
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Charly King
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Marie M Hargrove
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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16
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Hargrove MM, McGee JK, Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Wood CE, Kim YH, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Source-apportioned coarse particulate matter exacerbates allergic airway responses in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:405-415. [PMID: 30516399 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1542047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM) is associated with lung inflammation and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in sensitive populations, but the degree to which specific emission sources contribute to these effects is unclear. We examined whether coarse PM samples enriched with diverse sources differentially exacerbate allergic airway responses. Coarse PM was collected weekly (7/2009-6/2010) from urban (G.T. Craig [GTC]) and rural (Chippewa Lake Monitor [CLM]) sites in the Cleveland, Ohio area. Source apportionment results were used to pool GTC filter PM extracts into five samples dominated by traffic, coal, steel (two samples), or road salt sources. Five CLM samples were prepared from corresponding weeks. Control non-allergic and house dust mite (HDM)-allergic Balb/cJ mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 100 μg coarse GTC or CLM, control filter extract, or saline only, and responses were examined 2 d after PM exposures. In allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM road salt and all GTC samples except steel-1 significantly increased airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) compared with control treatments. In non-allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM steel-2 and all GTC samples except coal significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, while only CLM traffic PM increased eosinophils in allergic mice. In non-allergic mice, CLM coal PM increased BALF interleukin (IL)-13 and GTC steel-1 PM increased TNF-α levels. These results demonstrate that equal masses of GTC and CLM coarse PM enriched with a variety of sources exacerbate allergic airway disease. Greater PM concentrations at the urban GTC site signify a greater potential for human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McGee Hargrove
- a Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - John K McGee
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Charles E Wood
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- c National Research Council , Washington , DC , USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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17
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Zheng PW, Shen P, Ye ZH, Zhang ZY, Chai PF, Li D, Jin MJ, Tang ML, Lu HC, Lin HB, Wang JB, Chen K. Acute effect of fine and coarse particular matter on cardiovascular visits in Ningbo, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33548-33555. [PMID: 30269277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a growing number of epidemiological studies have been conducted on size-specific health effects of particulate matter in China, results remain inconsistent. In this study, we investigated acute effect of fine and coarse particular matter on cardiovascular hospital visits in Ningbo, China. We used generalized additive models to examine short-term effects of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 on cardiovascular hospital visits by adjustment for temporal, seasonal, and meteorological effects. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, and season. We also examined the stability of their effects in multi-pollutant models. We found that PM2.5 were associated with cardiovascular hospital visits (RR = 1.006; 95% CI 1.000, 1.011) and results remained similar after adjustment for PM10-2.5 (RR = 1.005; 95% CI 0.998, 1.013). There was a borderline association between PM10-2.5 and cardiovascular hospital visits (RR = 1.007; 95% CI 0.997, 1.016), which disappeared after controlling for PM2.5 (RR = 1.000; 95% CI 0.988, 1.013). The associations appeared to be stronger in the cold season and among the elderly (≥ 75 years). The findings of this study suggested significant adverse effects of PM2.5, but no independent effects of PM10-2.5 on cardiovascular hospital visits. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- John Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Peng-Fei Chai
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Die Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Juan Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Ling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huai-Chu Lu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, C217 Academic Building, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Yang X, Feng L, Zhang Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Liang S, Zhao T, Cao L, Duan J, Sun Z. Co-exposure of silica nanoparticles and methylmercury induced cardiac toxicity in vitro and in vivo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:811-821. [PMID: 29727991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The released nanoparticles into environment can potentially interact with pre-existing pollution, maybe causing higher toxicity. As such, assessment of their joint toxic effects is necessary. This study was to investigate the co-exposure cardiac toxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and methylmercury (MeHg). Factorial design was used to determine the potential joint action type. In vitro study, human cardiomyocytes (AC16) were exposed to SiNPs and MeHg alone or the combination. Higher toxicity was observed on cell viability, cell membrane damage in co-exposure compared with single exposure and control. The co-exposure enhanced the ROS, MDA generation and reduced the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, the co-exposure induced much higher cellular apoptotic rate in AC16. In vivo study, after SD rats exposed to SiNPs and MeHg and their mixture by intratracheal instillation for 30days, pathological changes (myocardial interstitial edema) of heart were occurred in co-exposure compared with single exposure and control. Moreover obvious ultra-structural changes, including myofibril disorder, myocardial gap expansion, and mitochondrial damage were observed in co-exposure group. The activity of myocardial enzymes, including CK-MB, ANP, BNP and cTnT, were significantly elevated in co-exposure group of rat serum. Meanwhile, the cardiac injury-linked proteins expression showed an increase in SERCA2 and decreased levels of cTnT, ANP and BNP in co-exposure group. Factorial design analysis demonstrated that additive and synergistic interactions were responsible for the co-exposure cardiac toxicity in vitro and vivo. In summary, our results showed severe cardiac toxicity induced by co-exposure of SiNPs and MeHg in both cardiomycytes and heart. It will help to clarify the potential cardiovascular toxicity in regards to combined exposure pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lige Cao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Holland NA, Fraiser CR, Sloan RC, Devlin RB, Brown DA, Wingard CJ. Ultrafine Particulate Matter Increases Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:441-450. [PMID: 28194639 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms that drive PM-associated cardiovascular disease and dysfunction remain unclear. We examined the impact of oropharyngeal aspiration of 100 μg UFP from the Chapel Hill, NC, air shed in Sprague-Dawley rats on cardiac function, arrhythmogenesis, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using a Langendorff working heart model. We found that exposure to UFP was capable of significantly exacerbating cardiac I/R injury without changing overall cardiac function or major changes in arrhythmogenesis. Cardiac I/R injury was attenuable with administration of cyclosporin A (CsA), suggesting a role for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in UFP-associated cardiovascular toxicity. Isolated cardiac mitochondria displayed decreased Ca2+ buffering before opening of the mPTP. These findings suggest that UFP-induced expansion of cardiac I/R injury may be a result of mPTP Ca2+ sensitization resulting in increased mitochondrial permeability transition and potential initiation of mPTP-associated cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chad R Fraiser
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ruben C Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, Bellarmine University, 2001 Newburg Rd, Louisville, KY, 40205, USA.
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César ACG, Nascimento LF. Coarse particles and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in children. An ecological time series study. SAO PAULO MED J 2018; 136:245-250. [PMID: 29947697 PMCID: PMC9907743 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0362080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases among children. DESIGN AND SETTING An ecological time series study was carried out to identify the role of coarse fractions of particulate matter (PM10-2.5) in hospitalizations among children up to 10 years of age, in Piracicaba (SP) in the year 2015. METHODS A generalized additive model of Poisson regression was used to estimate the risk of hospitalization due to acute laryngitis and tracheitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and asthma. Lags of 0 to 7 days were considered, and the model was adjusted for the temperature and relative humidity of the air and controlled for short and long-term exposure. Proportional attributable ratios, population-attributable fractions and hospital costs were calculated with increasing concentrations of these pollutants. RESULTS 638 hospitalizations were evaluated during this period, with a mean of 1.75 cases per day (standard deviation, SD = 1.86). The daily averages were 22.45 µg/m3 (SD = 13.25) for the coarse fraction (PM10-2.5) and 13.32 µg/m3 (SD = 6.38) for the fine fraction. Significant risks of PM10-2.5 exposure were only observed at lag 0, with relative risk (RR) = 1.012, and at lag 6, with RR = 1.011. An increase of 5 µg/m3 in the coarse fraction concentration implied an increase in the relative risk of hospitalizations of up to 4.8%, with an excess of 72 hospitalizations and excess expenditure of US$ 17,000 per year. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the impact of coarse-fraction exposure on hospital admissions among children due to respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gobbo César
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Bragança Paulista (SP), Brazil.
| | - Luiz Fernando Nascimento
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil.
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Carter JD, Madamanchi NR, Stouffer GA, Runge MS, Cascio WE, Tong H. Ultrafine particulate matter exposure impairs vasorelaxant response in superoxide dismutase 2-deficient murine aortic rings. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:106-115. [PMID: 29279024 PMCID: PMC6136421 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1420504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies have linked exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (PM) and adverse cardiovascular events. PM-induced oxidative stress is believed to be a key mechanism underlying observed adverse vascular effects. Advanced age is one factor known to decrease antioxidant defenses and confer susceptibility to the detrimental vascular effects seen following PM exposure. The present study was designed to investigate the vasomotor responses following ultrafine PM exposure in wild type (WT) and superoxide dismutase 2-deficient (SOD2+/-) mice that possess decreased antioxidant defense. Thoracic aortic rings isolated from young and aged WT and SOD2+/- mice were exposed to ultrafine PM in a tissue bath system. Aortic rings were then constricted with increasing concentrations of phenylephrine, followed by relaxation with rising amounts of nitroglycerin (NTG). Data demonstrated that ultrafine PM decreased the relaxation response in both young WT and young SOD2+/- mouse aortas, and relaxation was significantly reduced in young SOD2+/- compared to WT mice. Ultrafine PM significantly diminished the NTG-induced relaxation response in aged compared to young mouse aortas. After ultrafine PM exposure, the relaxation response did not differ markedly between aged WT and aged SOD2+/- mice. Data demonstrated that the greater vascular effect in aortic rings in aged mice ex vivo after ultrafine PM exposure may be attributed to ultrafine PM-induced oxidative stress and loss of antioxidant defenses in aged vascular tissue. Consistent with this conclusion is the attenuation of NTG-induced relaxation response in young SOD2+/- mice. ABBREVIATIONS H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NTG: nitroglycerin; PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PE: l-phenylephrine; PM: particulate matter; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2 deficient; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D. Carter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27514
| | | | - George A. Stouffer
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514
| | | | - Wayne E. Cascio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27514
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27514
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22
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Peixoto MS, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Cell death pathways of particulate matter toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:32-48. [PMID: 28865791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to various complex mixtures of particulate matter (PM) from different sources. Long-term exposure to high levels of these particulates has been linked to a diverse range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases that have resulted in hospital admission. The evaluation of the effects of PM exposure on the mechanisms related to cell death has been a challenge for many researchers. Therefore, in this review, we have discussed the effects of airborne PM exposure on mechanisms related to cell death. For this purpose, we have compiled literature data on PM sources, the effects of exposure, and the assays and models used for evaluation, in order to establish comparisons between various studies. The analysis of this collected data suggested divergent responses to PM exposure that resulted in different cell death types (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis). In addition, PM induced oxidative stress within cells, which appeared to be an important factor in the determination of cell fate. When the levels of reactive oxygen species were overpowering, the cellular fate was directed toward cell death. This may be the underlying mechanism of the development or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In addition, PM was shown to cause DNA damage and the resulting mutations increased the risk of cancer. Furthermore, several conditions should be considered in the assessment of cell death in PM-exposed models, including the cell culture line, PM composition, and the interaction of the different cells types in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Simões Peixoto
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Felipe de Oliveira Galvão
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Ren X, Tang Y, Sun J, Feng J, Chen L, Chen H, Zeng S, Chen C, Li X, Zhu H, Zeng Z. Flavone protects HBE cells from DNA double-strand breaks caused by PM2.5. Hum Cell 2017; 31:116-126. [PMID: 29168129 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) contains many harmful components that can enter the circulatory system and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in body. Oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by ROS may affect any cellular macromolecule and lead to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Flavonoids, widely distributed in some herbs and berries, have been proved having anti-oxidative or anti-cancer efficacy. In this study, we investigated whether Flavone, a kind of flavonoids, can protect human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) from DSBs caused by PM2.5 and how this function is probably implemented. We found that cells exposed to PM2.5 obviously induced viability inhibition, DNA damage and part of apoptosis. However, Flavone treatment prior to PM2.5 apparently improved cell viability, and mitigated the formation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, the expression of DNA damage-relative protein and cell apoptosis. Our studies demonstrated that PM2.5 induced oxidative DSBs while Flavone ameliorated the DNA damage and increased cell viability probably through influencing DNA repair mechanism of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 110, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 110, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 110, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixi Chen
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 110, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 110, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiu Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- The Third Hospital of Xiangya, Central South University, Tongzipo Road No. 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 110, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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McNamara ML, Thornburg J, Semmens EO, Ward TJ, Noonan CW. Reducing indoor air pollutants with air filtration units in wood stove homes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:488-494. [PMID: 28320525 PMCID: PMC6394836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomass burning has been shown to be a major source of poor indoor air quality (IAQ) in developing and higher income countries across the world. Specifically, wood burning for cooking and heating contributes to high indoor concentrations of fine (particles with aerodynamic diameters<2.5μm; PM2.5) and coarse (particles with aerodynamic diameters <10μm and >2.5μm; PMc) particulate matter. Endotoxin, predominantly found within the coarse fraction of airborne particulate matter, is associated with proinflammatory effects and adverse outcomes among susceptible populations. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of air filter interventions in reducing indoor PM2.5, PMc, and PMc-associated endotoxin concentrations in homes using a wood stove for primary heating. RESULTS Homes (n=48) were randomized to receive in-room air filtration units with either a high efficiency filter (i.e. active) or a lower efficiency fiberglass filter (i.e., placebo). The active filter intervention showed a 66% reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations (95% CI: 42.2% to 79.7% reduction) relative to the placebo intervention. Both the active and the placebo filters were effective in substantially reducing indoor concentrations of PMc (63.3% and 40.6% average reduction for active and placebo filters, respectively) and PMc-associated endotoxin concentrations (91.8% and 80.4% average reductions, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of high efficiency air filtration units for reducing indoor PM2.5 in homes using a wood stove for primary heating. We also discovered that using lower efficiency, lower cost filter alternatives can be effective for reducing PMc and airborne endotoxin in homes burning biomass fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy L McNamara
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA.
| | | | - Erin O Semmens
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA.
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA.
| | - Curtis W Noonan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA.
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Liu H, Tian Y, Xu Y, Zhang J. Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations and Hospitalization for Stroke in 26 Chinese Cities. Stroke 2017; 48:2052-2059. [PMID: 28663508 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- From the Medical Informatics Center (H.L.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.T.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.X., J.Z.)
| | - Yaohua Tian
- From the Medical Informatics Center (H.L.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.T.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.X., J.Z.)
| | - Yan Xu
- From the Medical Informatics Center (H.L.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.T.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.X., J.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- From the Medical Informatics Center (H.L.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.T.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.X., J.Z.)
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Acute effects of ambient temperature and particulate air pollution on fractional exhaled nitric oxide: A panel study among diabetic patients in Shanghai, China. J Epidemiol 2017. [PMID: 28645522 PMCID: PMC5623015 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown the associations of ambient temperature and particulate matter (PM) air pollution with respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well characterized. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of temperature and fine and coarse PM with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a well-established biomarker of respiratory inflammation. Methods We conducted a longitudinal panel study involving six repeated FeNO tests among 33 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from April to June 2013 in Shanghai, China. Hourly temperature and PM concentrations were obtained from a nearby fixed-site monitoring station. We then explored the associations between temperature, PM, and FeNO using linear mixed-effect models incorporated with distributed lag nonlinear models for the lagged and nonlinear associations. The interactions between temperature and PM were evaluated using stratification analyses. Results We found that both low and high temperature, as well as increased fine and coarse PM, were significantly associated with FeNO. The cumulative relative risk of FeNO was 1.75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.94) comparing 15 °C to the referent temperature (24 °C) over lags 0–9 days. A 10 μg/m3 increase in fine and coarse PM concentrations were associated with 1.18% (95% CI, 0.18–2.20) and 1.85% (95% CI, 0.62–3.09) FeNO in lag 0–1 days, respectively. PM had stronger effects on cool days than on warm days. Conclusions This study suggested low ambient temperature, fine PM, and coarse PM might elevate the levels of respiratory inflammation. Our findings may help understand the epidemiological evidence linking temperature, particulate air pollution, and respiratory health. Both low and high temperatures were significantly associated with FeNO. The increases of fine and coarse PM concentrations were associated with FeNO. Both fine and coarse PM had stronger effects in cool days.
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Zhao R, Chen S, Wang W, Huang J, Wang K, Liu L, Wei S. The impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants on the onset of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 226:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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TRPA1 mediates changes in heart rate variability and cardiac mechanical function in mice exposed to acrolein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 324:51-60. [PMID: 27746315 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution is linked with adverse cardiovascular effects. While previous research focused primarily on particulate matter-induced responses, gaseous air pollutants also contribute to cause short-term cardiovascular effects. Mechanisms underlying such effects have not been adequately described, however the immediate nature of the response suggests involvement of irritant neural activation and downstream autonomic dysfunction. Thus, this study examines the role of TRPA1, an irritant sensory receptor found in the airways, in the cardiac response of mice to acrolein and ozone. Conscious unrestrained wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice implanted with radiotelemeters were exposed once to 3ppm acrolein, 0.3ppm ozone, or filtered air. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure. Analysis of ECG morphology, incidence of arrhythmia and heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. Cardiac mechanical function was assessed using a Langendorff perfusion preparation 24h post-exposure. Acrolein exposure increased HRV independent of HR, as well as incidence of arrhythmia. Acrolein also increased left ventricular developed pressure in WT mice at 24h post-exposure. Ozone did not produce any changes in cardiac function. Neither gas produced ECG effects, changes in HRV, arrhythmogenesis, or mechanical function in KO mice. These data demonstrate that a single exposure to acrolein causes cardiac dysfunction through TRPA1 activation and autonomic imbalance characterized by a shift toward parasympathetic modulation. Furthermore, it is clear from the lack of ozone effects that although gaseous irritants are capable of eliciting immediate cardiac changes, gas concentration and properties play important roles.
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Huang F, Luo Y, Guo Y, Tao L, Xu Q, Wang C, Wang A, Li X, Guo J, Yan A, Guo X. Particulate Matter and Hospital Admissions for Stroke in Beijing, China: Modification Effects by Ambient Temperature. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003437. [PMID: 27413045 PMCID: PMC5015380 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The impact of particulate matter (PM) on stroke may vary by particle size, stroke subtype, and patient characteristics and temperature. We examined the association of stroke admissions with PM in different subgroups in Beijing, China, during 2013–2014. Methods and Results A time‐stratified case‐crossover design was used to assess the relation between PM of different particle sizes and hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Stratified analyses were performed by age, sex, and temperature. In total, there were 147 624 stroke admissions during the study period. In the whole‐period analysis, both PM2.5 and PM10 were positively associated with ischemic stroke admissions on the day of hospital admission and negatively associated with ischemic stroke at lag2 and lag3 day. In warm days (>13.5°C), the odds ratios of ischemic stroke admissions were 2.071 (95% CI 1.959–2.190), 1.470 (95% CI 1.391–1.554), and 1.590 (95% CI 1.493–1.694) per IQR increase in the same‐day PM2.5 (82.0 μg/m3), PM2.5–10 (36.6 μg/m3), and PM10 (93.5 μg/m3), respectively. For hemorrhagic stroke, the corresponding values were 1.941 (95% CI 1.658–2.273), 1.590 (95% CI 1.366–1.851), and 1.527 (95% CI 1.278–1.826). The positive associations were also observed in the other lag structures and were higher than in cold days (≤13.5°C). Conclusions This study suggests that the associations of PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 with stroke admissions differed across levels of temperature. Short‐term exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 was positively associated with hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke on warm days (>13.5°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Luo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jin Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Aoshuang Yan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Cheng MH, Chiu HF, Yang CY. The Effects of Coarse Particles on Daily Mortality: A Case-Crossover Study in a Subtropical City, Taipei, Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E347. [PMID: 27011197 PMCID: PMC4809010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have examined the effects of air pollution on daily mortality over the past two decades. However, information on the relationship between levels of coarse particles (PM2.5-10) and daily mortality is relatively sparse due to the limited availability of monitoring data. Furthermore, the results are inconsistent. In the current study, the association between coarse particle levels and daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan's largest city, which has a subtropical climate, was undertaken for the period 2006-2008 using a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. For the single pollutant model (without adjustment for other pollutants), PM2.5-10 showed statistically significant association with total mortality both on warm and cool days, with an interquartile range increase associated with a 11% (95% CI = 6%-17%) and 4% (95% CI = 1%-7%) rise in number of total deaths, respectively. In two-pollutant models, PM2.5-10 remained significant effects on total mortality after the inclusion of SO₂ and O₃ both on warm and cool days. We observed no significant associations between PM2.5-10 and daily mortality from respiratory diseases both on warm and cool days. For daily mortality from circulatory diseases, the effect of PM2.5-10 remained significant when SO₂ or O₃ was added in the regression model both on warm and cool days. Future studies of this type in cities with varying climates and cultures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Fen Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yuh Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli 350, Taiwan.
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Clark J, Gregory CC, Matthews IP, Hoogendoorn B. The biological effects upon the cardiovascular system consequent to exposure to particulates of less than 500 nm in size. Biomarkers 2015; 21:1-47. [PMID: 26643755 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ultrafine particulate matter contribution to cardiovascular disease is not known and not regulated. PM up to 500 nm are abundant in urban air and alveolar deposition is significant. OBJECTIVE Effects beyond the alveolar barrier within the body or in vitro tissues exposed to particles <500 nm. METHODS AND RESULTS DATABASES MEDLINE; Ovid-MEDLINE PREM; Web of Science; PubMed (SciGlobe). 127 articles. Results in tables: "subject type exposed", "exposure type", "technique". CONCLUSION Heart rate, vasoactivity, atherosclerotic advancement, oxidative stress, coagulability, inflammatory changes are affected. Production of reactive oxygen species is a useful target to limit outcomes associated with UFP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clark
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Clive C Gregory
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Ian P Matthews
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Bastiaan Hoogendoorn
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Tsai SS, Weng YH, Chiu YW, Yang CY. Short-Term Effect of Coarse Particles on Daily Mortality Rate in A Tropical City, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:1409-1420. [PMID: 26580668 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1093674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies examined the short-term effects of air pollution on frequency of daily mortality over the past two decades. However, information on the relationship between exposure to levels of coarse particles (PM(2.5-10)) and daily mortality rate is relatively sparse due to limited availability of monitoring data and findings are inconsistent. This study was undertaken to determine whether an association exists between PM(2.5-10) levels and rate of daily mortality in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, a large industrial city with a tropical climate. Daily mortality rate, air pollution parameters, and weather data for Kaohsiung were obtained for the period 2006-2008. The relative risk (RR) of daily mortality occurrence was estimated using a time-stratified case-crossover approach, controlling for (1) weather variables, (2) day of the week, (3) seasonality, and (4) long-term time trends. For the single-pollutant model without adjustment for other pollutants, PM(2.5-10) exposure levels showed significant correlation with total mortality rate both on warm and cool days, with an interquartile range increase associated with a 14% (95% CI = 5-23%) and 12% (95% CI = 5-20%) rise in number of total deaths, respectively. In two-pollutant models, PM(2.5-10) exerted significant influence on total mortality frequency after inclusion of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) on warm days. On cool days, PM(2.5-10) induced significant elevation in total mortality rate when SO(2) or ozone (O(3)) was added in the regression model. There was no apparent indication of an association between PM(2.5-10) exposure and deaths attributed to respiratory and circulatory diseases. This study provided evidence of correlation between short-term exposure to PM(2.5-10) and increased risk of death for all causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shyue Tsai
- a Department of Healthcare Administration , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Weng
- b Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- c Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuh Yang
- d Department of Public Health , College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- e Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine , National Health Research Institute , Miaoli , Taiwan
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Samara C, Kouras A, Kaidoglou K, Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN, Simou C, Bousnaki M, Kelessis A. Ultrastructural alterations in the mouse lung caused by real-life ambient PM10 at urban traffic sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:327-336. [PMID: 26081735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current levels of ambient air particulate matter (PM) are associated with mortality and morbidity in urban populations worldwide. Nevertheless, current knowledge does not allow precise quantification or definitive ranking of the health effects of individual PM components and indeed, associations may be the result of multiple components acting on different physiological mechanisms. In this paper, healthy Balb/c mice were exposed to ambient PM10 at a traffic site of a large city (Thessaloniki, northern Greece), in parallel to control mice that were exposed to filtered air. Structural damages were examined in ultrafine sections of lung tissues by Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). Ambient PM10 samples were also collected during the exposure experiment and characterized with respect to chemical composition and oxidative potential. Severe ultrastructural alterations in the lung tissue after a 10-week exposure of mice at PM10 levels often exceeding the daily limit of Directive 2008/50/EC were revealed mainly implying PM-induced oxidative stress. The DTT-based redox activity of PM10 was found within the range of values reported for traffic sites being correlated with traffic-related constituents. Although linkage of the observed lung damage with specific chemical components or sources need further elucidation, the magnitude of biological responses highlight the necessity for national and local strategies for mitigation of particle emissions from combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Kouras
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Kaidoglou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Elpida-Niki Emmanouil-Nikoloussi
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Simou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Bousnaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kelessis
- Environmental Department, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Kleanthous 18, 54 642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cuevas AK, Niu J, Zhong M, Liberda EN, Ghio A, Qu Q, Chen LC. Metal rich particulate matter impairs acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation of microvessels in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:14. [PMID: 26041432 PMCID: PMC4456050 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm) has been associated with changes in endothelial function. PM2.5 was collected from two Chinese cities, Jinchang (JC) and Zhangye (ZH), both with similar PM2.5 concentrations. However, JC had levels of nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) that were 76, 25, 17, and 7 fold higher than that measured in ZH, respectively. We used this unique PM sample to delineate the chemical components that drive pulmonary and systemic effects and explore the mechanism(s) by which vascular dysfunction is caused. Methods Male FVB/N mice received oropharyngeal aspiration of water or PM2.5 from JC, ZH or ZH spiked with one of the following elements at the same concentrations found in the JC PM (Ni = 4.76; As = 2.36; Se = 0.24; Cu = 2.43 μg/mg) followed by evaluation of markers of pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Mesenteric arteries were isolated for gene expression or functional response to various agonists (Phenylephrine, Acetylcholine, and Sodium Nitroprusside) and inhibitors (L-NAME, Apocynin, and VAS2870) ex vivo. Results Protein and total cell counts from lung lavage revealed significant pulmonary inflammation from ZH (p < 0.01) and JC and ZH + NiSO4 (p < 0.001) as compared to control and a significant decrease in mesenteric artery relaxation (p < 0.001) and this decrease is blunted in the presence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Significant increases in gene expression (TNF-α, IL-6, Nos3; p < 0.01; NOX4; p < 0.05) were observed in JC and ZH + NiSO4, as well as significantly higher concentrations of VEGF and IL-10 (p < 0.01, p < 0.001; respectively). Conclusions Our results indicate that the specific toxicity observed in PM from JC is likely due to the nickel component in the PM. Further, since VAS2870 was the most successful inhibitor to return vessels to baseline relaxation values, NADPH Oxidase is implicated as the primary source of PM-induced O2•-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita K Cuevas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, 10987, NY, USA.
| | - Jingping Niu
- Lanzhou University School of Public Health, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Mianhua Zhong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, 10987, NY, USA.
| | - Eric N Liberda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, 10987, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew Ghio
- Human Studies Division, NHEERL, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Qingshan Qu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, 10987, NY, USA.
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, 10987, NY, USA.
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Adar SD, D'Souza J, Mendelsohn-Victor K, Jacobs DR, Cushman M, Sheppard L, Thorne PS, Burke GL, Daviglus ML, Szpiro AA, Diez Roux AV, Kaufman JD, Larson TV. Markers of inflammation and coagulation after long-term exposure to coarse particulate matter: a cross-sectional analysis from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:541-8. [PMID: 25616153 PMCID: PMC4455582 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicological research suggests that coarse particles (PM10-2.5) are inflammatory, but responses are complex and may be best summarized by multiple inflammatory markers. Few human studies have investigated associations with PM10-2.5 and, of those, none have explored long-term exposures. Here we examine long-term associations with inflammation and coagulation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. METHODS Participants included 3,295 adults (45-84 years of age) from three metropolitan areas. Site-specific spatial models were used to estimate 5-year concentrations of PM10-2.5 mass and copper, zinc, phosphorus, silicon, and endotoxin found in PM10-2.5. Outcomes included interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, total homocysteine, D-dimer, factor VIII, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, and inflammation and coagulation scores. We used multivariable regression with multiply imputed data to estimate associations while controlling for potential confounders, including co-pollutants such as fine particulate matter. RESULTS Some limited evidence was found of relationships between inflammation and coagulation and PM10-2.5. Endotoxin was the PM10-2.5 component most strongly associated with inflammation, with an interquartile range (IQR) increase (0.08 EU/m3) associated with 0.15 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.28; p = 0.03) and 0.08 (95% CI: -0.07, 0.23; p = 0.28) higher inflammation scores before and after control for city, respectively. Copper was the component with the strongest association with coagulation, with a 4-ng/m3 increase associated with 0.19 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.30; p = 0.0008) and 0.12 (95% CI: -0.05, 0.30; p = 0.16) unit higher coagulation scores before and after city adjustment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our cross-sectional analysis provided some evidence that long-term PM10-2.5 exposure was associated with inflammation and coagulation, but associations were modest and depended on particle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wolf K, Schneider A, Breitner S, Meisinger C, Heier M, Cyrys J, Kuch B, von Scheidt W, Peters A. Associations between short-term exposure to particulate matter and ultrafine particles and myocardial infarction in Augsburg, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:535-42. [PMID: 26013401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to increased particulate matter (PM) concentration has been reported to trigger myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association with ultrafine particles remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effects of short-term air pollution and especially ultrafine particles on registry-based MI events and coronary deaths in the area of Augsburg, Germany. METHODS Between 1995 and 2009, the MONICA/KORA myocardial infarction registry recorded 15,417 cases of MI and coronary deaths. Concentrations of PM<10μm (PM10), PM<2.5μm (PM2.5), particle number concentration (PNC) as indicator for ultrafine particles, and meteorological parameters were measured in the study region. Quasi-Poisson regression adjusting for time trend, temperature, season, and weekday was used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative effects of air pollutants on the occurrence of MI. The daily numbers of total MI, nonfatal and fatal events as well as incident and recurrent events were analysed. RESULTS We observed a 1.3% risk increase (95%-confidence interval: [-0.9%; 3.6%]) for all events and a 4.4% [-0.4%; 9.4%] risk increase for recurrent events per 24.3μg/m(3) increase in same day PM10 concentrations. Nonfatal events indicated a risk increase of 3.1% [-0.1%; 6.5%] with previous day PM10. No association was seen for PM2.5 which was only available from 1999 on. PNC showed a risk increase of 6.0% [0.6%; 11.7%] for recurrent events per 5529 particles/cm(3) increase in 5-day average PNC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested an association between short-term PM10 concentration and numbers of MI, especially for nonfatal and recurrent events. For ultrafine particles, risk increases were notably high for recurrent events. Thus, persons who already suffered a MI seemed to be more susceptible to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wolf
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Central Hospital of Augsburg, MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Central Hospital of Augsburg, MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Hospital of Nördlingen, Nördlingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang von Scheidt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
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McGee MA, Kamal AS, McGee JK, Wood CE, Dye JA, Krantz QT, Landis MS, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Differential effects of particulate matter upwind and downwind of an urban freeway in an allergic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3930-3939. [PMID: 25710269 DOI: 10.1021/es506048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Near-road exposure to air pollutants has been associated with decreased lung function and other adverse health effects in susceptible populations. This study was designed to investigate whether different types of near-road particulate matter (PM) contribute to exacerbation of allergic asthma. Samples of upwind and downwind coarse, fine, and ultrafine PM were collected using a wind direction-actuated ChemVol sampler at a single site 100 m from Interstate-96 in Detroit, MI during winter 2010/2011. Upwind PM was enriched in crustal and wood combustion sources while downwind PM was dominated by traffic sources. Control and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/cJ mice were exposed via oropharyngeal (OP) aspiration to 20 or 100 μg of each PM sample 2 h prior to OP challenge with OVA. In OVA-allergic mice, 100 μg of downwind coarse PM caused greater increases than downwind fine/ultrafine PM in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, eosinophils, and lactate dehydrogenase. Upwind fine PM (100 μg) produced greater increases in neutrophils and eosinophils compared to other upwind size fractions. Cytokine (IL-5) levels in BAL fluid also increased markedly following 100 μg downwind coarse and downwind ultrafine PM exposures. These findings indicate coarse PM downwind and fine PM upwind of an interstate highway promote inflammation in allergic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A McGee
- †Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ali S Kamal
- ‡Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - John K McGee
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Charles E Wood
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Janice A Dye
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Q Todd Krantz
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Matthew S Landis
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
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Yu Y, Duan J, Li Y, Yu Y, Jin M, Li C, Wang Y, Sun Z. Combined toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles and methylmercury to human lung epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:144-152. [PMID: 25463865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the ambient particulate matters (PM) has been associated with the morbidity and mortality of cardiopulmonary diseases. Compared with coarse particles, ultrafine particles (UFP) absorb or condense higher concentration of toxic air pollutants and are easily inhaled into the lung. However, the combined effects of UFP and air pollutants on human health are still poorly understood. In this study, a co-exposure in vitro model of amorphous silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) and methyl mercury (MeHg) was established to investigate their combined effects and the potential joint action type. Lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were exposed to either nano-SiO2 or MeHg alone, or a combination of both. Factorial design was applied to analyze their potential joint action type. Higher interfacial energy was observed in the mixed solution of nano-SiO2 and MeHg. The intracellular content of both silicon and mercury in combination group were much higher than those in single exposure groups. In addition, the co-exposure of nano-SiO2 and MeHg enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation and reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px). The excessive oxidative stress led to oxidative DNA damage as well as cellular apoptosis. Factorial design analysis demonstrated that additive and synergistic interactions were responsible for the combined toxicity of nano-SiO2 and MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Minghua Jin
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Chenxu Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Chen YC, Weng YH, Chiu YW, Yang CY. Short-Term Effects of Coarse Particulate Matter on Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Case-Crossover Study in a Tropical City. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:1241-53. [PMID: 26408041 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1083520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between coarse particles (PM2.5-10) levels and frequency of hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CVD, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF), and arrhythmias, and ambient air pollution data levels for Kaohsiung were obtained for the period 2006-2010. The relative risk of hospital admissions for CVD was estimated using a case-crossover approach, controlling for weather variables, day of the week, seasonality, and long-term time trends. For the single-pollutant model (without adjustment for other pollutants), increased rates of admissions for CVD were significantly associated with higher coarse PM levels only on cool days (< 25°C), with a 10-μg/m(3) elevation in PM2.5-10 concentrations associated with a 3% (95% CI = 2-4%) rise in IHD admissions, 5% (95% CI = 4-6%) increase in stroke admissions, 3% (95% CI = 1-6%) elevation in CHF admissions, and 3% (95% CI = 0-6%) rise in arrhythmias admissions. No significant associations were found between coarse particle levels and number of hospital admissions for CVD on warm days. In the two-pollutant models, PM2.5-10 levels remained significantly correlated with higher rate of CVD admissions even controlling for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, or ozone on cool days. Compared to the effect estimate associated with a 10-μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 levels, effect estimates of frequency of CVD-related admissions associated with a 10-μg/m(3) rise in coarse PM levels were weaker. This study provides evidence that higher levels of PM2.5-10 enhance the risk of hospital admissions for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Chen
- a Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Weng
- b Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- c Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuh Yang
- d Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine , National Health Research Institute , Miaoli , Taiwan
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Michikawa T, Ueda K, Takeuchi A, Tamura K, Kinoshita M, Ichinose T, Nitta H. Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka, Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 20:130-6. [PMID: 25533085 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is no conclusive evidence of adverse health effects caused by short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter, so in this case-crossover study we looked for an association between exposure and emergency ambulance dispatches (as a proxy of acute health outcomes). METHODS We used data on emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka City, Japan between 2005 and 2010. After excluding ambulance dispatches related to external injuries and pregnancy/childbirth, we analyzed data on 176,123 dispatches. Citywide daily mean concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were calculated from ambient monitoring data, and the differences between concentrations of SPM and PM2.5 were used as an exposure surrogate of coarse particulate matter. Using a conditional logistic regression model, we estimated the ambient temperature and relative humidity adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per 10 μg/m(3) increase in coarse particulate matter. RESULTS The average daily concentration of coarse particulate matter over the study period was 9.9 μg/m(3), representing 33% of the total concentration of SPM. Elevated concentrations of coarse particulate matter were associated with an increase in respiratory disease-related emergency ambulance dispatches for adults aged 65 years or older (9,716 dispatches, OR for lag0-1 = 1.065, 95% confidence interval = 1.023-1.109). After additional adjustment for exposure to PM2.5, we observed a statistically non-significant increased risk (OR = 1.035, 0.986-1.086). CONCLUSIONS We found weak evidence of adverse effects of short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan,
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Van Winkle LS, Bein K, Anderson D, Pinkerton KE, Tablin F, Wilson D, Wexler AS. Biological dose response to PM2.5: effect of particle extraction method on platelet and lung responses. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:349-59. [PMID: 25389146 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure contributes to respiratory diseases and cardiopulmonary mortality. PM toxicity is related to sources and composition, such as abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We exposed adult male BALB/c mice, via oropharyngeal aspiration, to a range of doses of PM2.5 collected during the winter in downtown Sacramento near a major freeway interchange (SacPM). Two preparation methods (spin-down and multi-solvent extraction) were tested to remove particles from collection filters. Three doses were analyzed 24 h after treatment for (1) leukocytes and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), (2) airway-specific and whole lobe expression of PAH-sensitive genes (CYP1B1 and CYP1A1) and IL-1 b, (3) lung histology, and (4) platelet function. Both extraction methods stimulated biological responses, but the spin-down method was more robust at producing IL-1 b and CYP1B1 gene responses and the multi-solvent extraction induced whole lung CYP1A1. Neutrophils in the BALF were increased 5- to 10-fold at the mid and high dose for both preparations. Histopathology scores indicated dose-dependent responses and increased pathology associated with spin-down-derived PM exposure. In microdissected airways, spin-down PM increased CYP1B1 gene expression significantly, but multi-solvent extracted PM did not. Platelet responses to the physiological agonist thrombin were approximately twice as potent in the spin-down preparation as in the multi-solvent extract. We conclude (1) the method of filter extraction can influence the degree of biological response, (2) for SacPM the minimal effective dose is 27.5-50 µg based on neutrophil recruitment, and (3) P450s are upregulated differently in airways and lung parenchyma in response to PAH-containing PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Van Winkle
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732 *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
| | - Keith Bein
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732 *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
| | - Donald Anderson
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732 *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
| | - Fern Tablin
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
| | - Dennis Wilson
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
| | - Anthony S Wexler
- *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732 *Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Health and the Environment, Air Quality Research Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8732
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Kurhanewicz N, McIntosh-Kastrinsky R, Tong H, Walsh L, Farraj AK, Hazari MS. Ozone co-exposure modifies cardiac responses to fine and ultrafine ambient particulate matter in mice: concordance of electrocardiogram and mechanical responses. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:54. [PMID: 25318591 PMCID: PMC4203862 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown a relationship between air pollution and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Due to the complexity of ambient air pollution composition, recent studies have examined the effects of co-exposure, particularly particulate matter (PM) and gas, to determine whether pollutant interactions alter (e.g. synergistically, antagonistically) the health response. This study examines the independent effects of fine (FCAPs) and ultrafine (UFCAPs) concentrated ambient particles on cardiac function, and determine the impact of ozone (O3) co-exposure on the response. We hypothesized that UFCAPs would cause greater decrement in mechanical function and electrical dysfunction than FCAPs, and that O3 co-exposure would enhance the effects of both particle-types. Methods Conscious/unrestrained radiotelemetered mice were exposed once whole-body to either 190 μg/m3 FCAPs or 140 μg/m3 UFCAPs with/without 0.3 ppm O3; separate groups were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or O3 alone. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure, and cardiac mechanical function was assessed using a Langendorff perfusion preparation 24 hrs post-exposure. Results FCAPs alone caused a significant decrease in baseline left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility, whereas UFCAPs did not; neither FCAPs nor UFCAPs alone caused any ECG changes. O3 co-exposure with FCAPs caused a significant decrease in heart rate variability when compared to FA but also blocked the decrement in cardiac function. On the other hand, O3 co-exposure with UFCAPs significantly increased QRS-interval, QTc and non-conducted P-wave arrhythmias, and decreased LVDP, rate of contractility and relaxation when compared to controls. Conclusions These data suggest that particle size and gaseous interactions may play a role in cardiac function decrements one day after exposure. Although FCAPs + O3 only altered autonomic balance, UFCAPs + O3 appeared to be more serious by increasing cardiac arrhythmias and causing mechanical decrements. As such, O3 appears to interact differently with FCAPs and UFCAPs, resulting in varied cardiac changes, which suggests that the cardiovascular effects of particle-gas co-exposures are not simply additive or even generalizable. Additionally, the mode of toxicity underlying this effect may be subtle given none of the exposures described here impaired post-ischemia recovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0054-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kurhanewicz
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Rachel McIntosh-Kastrinsky
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Leon Walsh
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
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Ferguson MD, Migliaccio C, Ward T. Comparison of how ambient PMc and PM2.5 influence the inflammatory potential. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:766-73. [PMID: 24304303 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.847993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is one of the six criteria air pollutants currently regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with existing ambient standards for PM2.5 and PM10. Currently there are no health-based regulations for the size fraction between 2.5 and 10 µm, commonly known as the coarse fraction (PMc). The present study investigates current gaps in knowledge for PMc including exposure toxicity and PM ratios (PMc:PM2.5) in PM10. Throughout the world, all the three PM size fractions have been shown to be associated with adverse impacts. Recent studies have shown that PMc can be more detrimental to susceptible populations when directly compared to PM2.5, and that the PMc fraction in PM10 can account for the majority of the inflammatory response from PM10 exposure. In our studies we utilized a bone marrow-derived mouse macrophage in vitro system to compare the inflammatory potential of PMc, PM2.5 and mixtures of the two. The result was a linear increase in interleukin(IL) -1β with increasing levels of exposure to winter and summer PMc, as compared to PM2.5, which exhibited logarithmic growth. Also, exposure to PM10 as a function of PM2.5 and PMc mass ratios showed that IL-1β and TNF-α levels increased synergistically with a greater burden of PMc. Endotoxin content in the PM did not correlate with these results, suggesting that other activators in PMc are likely responsible for activating the NF-κB pathway and the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ferguson
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana , Missoula, MT , USA
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Adar SD, Filigrana PA, Clements N, Peel JL. Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014; 1:258-274. [PMID: 25152864 PMCID: PMC4129238 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particles have been linked to increased mortality and morbidity. As most research has focused on fine particles (PM2.5), the health implications of coarse particles (PM10-2.5) are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations for short- and long-term PM10-2.5 concentrations with mortality and hospital admissions. Using 23 mortality and 10 hospital admissions studies, we documented suggestive evidence of increased morbidity and mortality in relation to higher short-term PM10-2.5 concentrations, with stronger relationships for respiratory than cardiovascular endpoints. Reported associations were highly heterogeneous, however, especially by geographic region and average PM10-2.5 concentrations. Adjustment for PM2.5 and publication bias resulted in weaker and less precise effect estimates, although positive associations remained for short-term PM10-2.5 concentrations. Inconsistent relationships between effect estimates for PM10-2.5 and correlations between PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations, however, indicate that PM10-2.5 associations cannot be solely explained by co-exposure to PM2.5. While suggestive evidence was found of increased mortality with long-term PM10-2.5 concentrations, these associations were not robust to control for PM2.5. Additional research is required to better understand sources of heterogeneity of associations between PM10-2.5 and adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D. Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Heights – SPHII-5539, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Paola A. Filigrana
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Heights – SPHII-5539, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Nicholas Clements
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 135 30th St., Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1681, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681 USA
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Kim YH, Tong H, Daniels M, Boykin E, Krantz QT, McGee J, Hays M, Kovalcik K, Dye JA, Gilmour MI. Cardiopulmonary toxicity of peat wildfire particulate matter and the predictive utility of precision cut lung slices. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:29. [PMID: 24934158 PMCID: PMC4072480 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emissions from a large peat fire in North Carolina in 2008 were associated with increased hospital admissions for asthma and the rate of heart failure in the exposed population. Peat fires often produce larger amounts of smoke and last longer than forest fires, however few studies have reported on their toxicity. Moreover, reliable alternatives to traditional animal toxicity testing are needed to reduce the number of animals required for hazard identification and risk assessments. Methods Size-fractionated particulate matter (PM; ultrafine, fine, and coarse) were obtained from the peat fire while smoldering (ENCF-1) or when nearly extinguished (ENCF-4). Extracted samples were analyzed for chemical constituents and endotoxin content. Female CD-1 mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 100 μg/mouse, and assessed for relative changes in lung and systemic markers of injury and inflammation. At 24 h post-exposure, hearts were removed for ex vivo functional assessments and ischemic challenge. Lastly, 8 mm diameter lung slices from CD-1 mice were exposed (11 μg) ± co-treatment of PM with polymyxin B (PMB), an endotoxin-binding compound. Results On an equi-mass basis, coarse ENCF-1 PM had the highest endotoxin content and elicited the greatest pro-inflammatory responses in the mice including: increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-2), neutrophils and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Exposure to fine or ultrafine particles from either period failed to elicit significant lung or systemic effects. In contrast, mice exposed to ENCF-1 ultrafine PM developed significantly decreased cardiac function and greater post-ischemia-associated myocardial infarction. Finally, similar exposures to mouse lung slices induced comparable patterns of cytokine production; and these responses were significantly attenuated by PMB. Conclusions The findings suggest that exposure to coarse PM collected during a peat fire causes greater lung inflammation in association with endotoxin and ROS, whereas the ultrafine PM preferentially affected cardiac responses. In addition, lung tissue slices were shown to be a predictive, alternative assay to assess pro-inflammatory effects of PM of differing size and composition. Importantly, these toxicological findings were consistent with the cardiopulmonary health effects noted in epidemiologic reports from exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U,S, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Mirowsky J, Hickey C, Horton L, Blaustein M, Galdanes K, Peltier RE, Chillrud S, Chen LC, Ross J, Nadas A, Lippmann M, Gordon T. The effect of particle size, location and season on the toxicity of urban and rural particulate matter. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:747-57. [PMID: 24255952 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.846443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) varies in chemical composition and mass concentration based on a number of factors including location, season, source and particle size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of coarse and fine PM simultaneously collected at three rural and two urban sites within the metropolitan New York City (NYC) region during two seasons, and to assess how particle size and elemental composition affect toxicity. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (HPMEC-ST1.6R) and bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines were exposed to PM (50 μg/mL) and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mice (FVB/N) were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 50 µg PM, and lavage fluid was analyzed for total protein and PMN influx. The ROS response was greater in the HPMEC-ST1.6R cell line compared to BEAS-2B cells, but the responses were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). The ROS response was affected by location, locale and the location:size interaction in both cell lines, and an additional association for size was observed from HPMEC-ST1.6R cells. Urban fine PM generated the highest ROS response. In the mouse model, inflammation was associated with particle size and by a season:size interaction, with coarse PM producing greater PMN inflammation. This study showed that the aerodynamic size, locale (i.e. urban versus rural), and site of PM samples affected the ROS response in pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells and the inflammatory response in mice. Importantly, these responses were dependent upon the chemical composition of the PM samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mirowsky
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo, NY , USA
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Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Alessandrini E, Basagaña X, Díaz J, Faustini A, Gandini M, Karanasiou A, Kelessis AG, Le Tertre A, Linares C, Ranzi A, Scarinzi C, Katsouyanni K, Forastiere F. Which specific causes of death are associated with short term exposure to fine and coarse particles in Southern Europe? Results from the MED-PARTICLES project. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 67:54-61. [PMID: 24657768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the short-term effects of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10μm (PM2.5-10) and less than 10μm (PM10) on deaths from diabetes, cardiac and cerebrovascular causes, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 10 European Mediterranean metropolitan areas participating in the MED-PARTICLES project during 2001-2010. In the first stage of the analysis, data from each city were analyzed separately using Poisson regression models, whereas in the second stage, the city-specific air pollution estimates were combined to obtain overall estimates. We investigated the effects following immediate (lags 0-1), delayed (lags 2-5) and prolonged exposure (lags 0-5) and effect modification patterns by season. We evaluated the sensitivity of our results to co-pollutant exposures or city-specific model choice. We applied threshold models to investigate the pattern of selected associations. For a 10μg/m(3) increase in two days' PM2.5 exposure there was a 1.23% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): -1.63%, 4.17%) increase in diabetes deaths, while six days' exposure statistically significantly increased cardiac deaths by 1.33% (95% CI: 0.27, 2.40%), COPD deaths by 2.53% (95% CI: -0.01%, 5.14%) and LRTI deaths by 1.37% (95% CI: -1.94%, 4.78%). PM2.5 results were robust to co-pollutant adjustments and alternative modeling approaches. Stronger effects were observed in the warm season. Coarse particles displayed positive, even if not statistically significant, associations with mortality due to diabetes and cardiac causes that were more variable depending on exposure period, co-pollutant and seasonality adjustment. Our findings provide support for positive associations between PM2.5 and mortality due to diabetes, cardiac causes, COPD, and to a lesser degree to cerebrovascular causes, in the European Mediterranean region, which seem to drive the particles short-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology of Lazio Region, 53 Santa Costanza Str, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Bart Ostro
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, C/Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Alessandrini
- Department of Epidemiology of Lazio Region, 53 Santa Costanza Str, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, C/Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 3-5 Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Díaz
- Carlos III Institute of Health, 5 Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Annunziata Faustini
- Department of Epidemiology of Lazio Region, 53 Santa Costanza Str, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Gandini
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Piedmont, 9 Pio VII Str, 10127 Turin, Italy
| | - Angeliki Karanasiou
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, C/Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Apostolos G Kelessis
- Environmental Department, Municipality of Thessaloniki, 7 Paparigopoulou Str, 54630 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alain Le Tertre
- Environmental Health Department, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), 12 du Val d'Osne Str, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Cristina Linares
- Carlos III Institute of Health, 5 Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Regional Centre for Environment and Health, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, 13 Begarelli Str, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Scarinzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Piedmont, 9 Pio VII Str, 10127 Turin, Italy
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology of Lazio Region, 53 Santa Costanza Str, 00198 Rome, Italy
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McNamara M, Thornburg J, Semmens E, Ward T, Noonan C. Coarse particulate matter and airborne endotoxin within wood stove homes. INDOOR AIR 2013; 23:498-505. [PMID: 23551341 PMCID: PMC4556095 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from indoor biomass burning are a major public health concern in developing areas of the world. Less is known about indoor air quality, particularly airborne endotoxin, in homes burning biomass fuel in residential wood stoves in higher income countries. A filter-based sampler was used to evaluate wintertime indoor coarse particulate matter (PM₁₀₋₂.₅) and airborne endotoxin (EU/m³, EU/mg) concentrations in 50 homes using wood stoves as their primary source of heat in western Montana. We investigated number of residents, number of pets, dampness (humidity), and frequency of wood stove usage as potential predictors of indoor airborne endotoxin concentrations. Two 48-h sampling events per home revealed a mean winter PM₁₀₋₂.₅ concentration (± s.d.) of 12.9 (± 8.6) μg/m³, while PM₂.₅ concentrations averaged 32.3 (± 32.6) μg/m³. Endotoxin concentrations measured from PM₁₀₋₂.₅ filter samples were 9.2 (± 12.4) EU/m³ and 1010 (± 1524) EU/mg. PM₁₀₋₂.₅ and PM₂.₅ were significantly correlated in wood stove homes (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). The presence of pets in the homes was associated with PM₁₀₋₂.₅ but not with endotoxin concentrations. Importantly, none of the other measured home characteristics was a strong predictor of airborne endotoxin, including frequency of residential wood stove usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. McNamara
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - J. Thornburg
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - E. Semmens
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - T. Ward
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - C. Noonan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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McIntosh-Kastrinsky R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Sexton KG, Jania CM, Zavala J, Tilley SL, Jaspers I, Gilmour MI, Devlin RB, Cascio WE, Tong H. Photochemically altered air pollution mixtures and contractile parameters in isolated murine hearts before and after ischemia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1344-8. [PMID: 24148996 PMCID: PMC3855513 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiopulmonary effects of the individual criteria air pollutants have been well investigated, but little is known about the cardiopulmonary effects of inhaled multipollutant mixtures that more realistically represent environmental exposures. OBJECTIVES We assessed the cardiopulmonary effects of exposure to photochemically altered particle-free multipollutant mixtures. METHODS We exposed mice to filtered air (FA), multipollutant mixtures, or ozone (O3) for 4 hr in a photochemical reaction chamber. Eight hours after exposure, we assessed cardiac responses using a Langendorff preparation in a protocol consisting of 20 min of global ischemia followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Cardiac function was assessed by measuring the index of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility (dP/dt) before ischemia. On reperfusion after ischemia, recovery of postischemic LVDP and size of infarct were examined. We used bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts to assess lung inflammation. RESULTS Exposure to the multipollutant mixtures decreased LVDP, baseline rate of left ventricular contraction (dP/dtmaximum), and baseline rate of left ventricular relaxation (dP/dtminimum) compared with exposure to FA. Exposure to O3 also decreased heart rate and dP/dtminimum. Time to ischemic contracture was prolonged in the multipollutant-mixture group relative to that in the FA group. Mice in the multipollutant-mixture group had better recovery of postischemic LVDP and smaller infarct size. Exposure to multipollutant mixtures and to O3 exposure increased numbers of macrophages in the BAL fluid. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to photochemically altered urban air pollution appears to affect cardiac mechanics in isolated perfused hearts. Inhalation of acute multipollutant mixtures decreases LVDP and cardiac contractility in isolated non-ischemic murine hearts, prolongs ischemic contracture, increases postischemic recovery of LVDP, and reduces infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McIntosh-Kastrinsky
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Yin F, Lawal A, Ricks J, Fox JR, Larson T, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Rosenfeld ME, Araujo JA. Diesel exhaust induces systemic lipid peroxidation and development of dysfunctional pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1153-61. [PMID: 23559632 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether exposure to air pollutants induces oxidative modifications of plasma lipoproteins, resulting in alteration of the protective capacities of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). APPROACH AND RESULTS We exposed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to diesel exhaust (DE) at ≈ 250 µg/m(3) for 2 weeks, filtered air (FA) for 2 weeks, or DE for 2 weeks, followed by FA for 1 week (DE+FA). DE led to enhanced lipid peroxidation in the brochoalveolar lavage fluid that was accompanied by effects on HDL functionality. HDL antioxidant capacity was assessed by an assay that evaluated the ability of HDL to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation estimated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. HDL from DE-exposed mice exhibited 23,053 ± 2844 relative fluorescence units, higher than FA-exposed mice (10,282 ± 1135 relative fluorescence units, P<0.001) but similar to the HDL from DE+FA-exposed mice (22,448 ± 3115 relative fluorescence units). DE effects on HDL antioxidant capacity were negatively correlated with paraoxonase enzymatic activity, but positively correlated with levels of plasma 8-isoprostanes, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, liver malondialdehyde, and accompanied by perturbed HDL anti-inflammatory capacity and activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in the liver. CONCLUSIONS DE emissions induced systemic pro-oxidant effects that led to the development of dysfunctional HDL. This may be one of the mechanisms by which air pollution contributes to enhanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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