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Rong W, Shi Q, Yang Y, Su W, Li M, Qin M, Bai S, Zhu Q, Wang A. Fructus choerospondiatis: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and clinical studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117696. [PMID: 38171468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Choerospondiatis is the dried and mature fruit of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill. It has been used for a long time in Tibetan and Mongolian medicine, first recorded in the ancient Tibetan medicine book "Medicine Diagnosis of the King of the Moon" in the early 8th century. Fructus Choerospondiatis shows multiple pharmacological activities, especially in treating cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This paper reviews the progress in research on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, clinical studies, and quality control of Fructus Choerospondiatis. This review aims to summarize current research and provide a reference for further development and utilization of Fructus Choerospondiatis resources. METHOD The sources for this review include the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China (2020), theses, and peer-reviewed papers (in both English and Chinese). Theses and papers were downloaded from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Scholar, Springer, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.The search terms used were "Choerospondias axillaris", "C. axillaris", "Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill", "Fructus choerospondiatis", "Guangzao", "Lapsi", and "Lupsi". RESULTS Fructus Choerospondiatis contains polyphenols, organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and other chemical components. These ingredients contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities such as antioxidant activity, protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-myocardial fibrosis, heart rhythm regulation, anti-tumor, liver protection, and immunity enhancement. It also affects the central nervous system, with the ability to repair damaged nerve cells. CONCLUSION Fructus Choerospondiatis, with its various chemical compositions and pharmacological activities, is a promising medicinal resource. However, it remains under-researched, particularly in pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control. These areas require further exploration by researchers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuru Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingna Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu J, Ge Z, Jiang X, Zhang J, Sun J, Mao X. A comprehensive review of natural products with anti-hypoxic activity. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:499-515. [PMID: 37517818 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products exhibit substantial impacts in the field of anti-hypoxic traetment. Hypoxia can cause altitude sickness and other negative effect on the body. Headache, coma, exhaustion, vomiting and, in severe cases, death are some of the clinical signs. Currently, hypoxia is no longer just a concern in plateau regions; it is also one of the issues that can not be ignored by urban residents. This review covered polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, peptides and traditional Chinese compound prescriptions as natural products to protect against hypoxia. The active ingredients, effectiveness and mechanisms were discussed. The related anti-hypoxic mechanisms involve increasing the hemoglobin (HB) content, glycogen content and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, removing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing lipid peroxidation, regulating the levels of related enzymes in cells, protecting the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes. These comprehensive summaries are beneficial to anti-hypoxic research and provide useful information for the development of anti-hypoxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Liu Y, Xiong Z, Zhou W, Chen Y, Huang Q, Wu Y. Role of apolipoprotein O in autophagy via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in myocardial infarction. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100046. [PMID: 35588578 PMCID: PMC9120058 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and possible mechanisms of action of apolipoprotein O (APOO) in autophagy in Myocardial Infarction (MI) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Differential gene expression and single Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to evaluate MI-related candidate genes. Animal and cell MI models were established. Sh-APOO, si-APOO, and SB203580 were used to inhibit the expression of APOO or p38MAPK. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of the target protein or mRNA. Apoptosis was observed using the TUNEL assay. The plasma concentrations of CK-MB and cTn-I in humans and mice were determined. RESULTS In the GSE23294 dataset, APOO mRNA was highly expressed in the left ventricle of mice with MI; GSEA revealed that APOO was positively correlated with p38MAPK, autophagy, and apoptosis. The plasma concentration of APOO in patients with MI was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects. The expression of APOO, Beclin-1, LC3, and Bax in mouse and AC16 cell MI models increased, while the level of Bcl-2 decreased. After silencing the APOO gene, the expression of APOO was downregulated; meanwhile, changes in autophagy, apoptosis and myocardial cell injury were reversed in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, autophagy was alleviated after AC16 cells were treated with SB203580. CONCLUSIONS The increased APOO expression in mouse and cell MI models may activate autophagy and apoptosis by regulating the p38MAPK signaling pathway, thus aggravating the myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhiping Xiong
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
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Surface Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Selective Sorbent for Affinity Fishing of PPAR-γ Ligands from Choerospondias axillaris. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103127. [PMID: 35630609 PMCID: PMC9144117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), which has developed into one of the major diseases, was reported to be treated by the target of peroxisome proliferators-activate receptor γ (PPAR-γ). As a natural medicine long used in the treatment of CHD, there are few studies on how to screen the target active compounds with high specific activity from Choerospondias axillaris. To advance the pace of research on target-specific active compounds in natural medicines, we have combined magnetic ligand fishing and functionalized nano-microspheres to investigate the active ingredients of PPAR-γ targets in Choerospondias axillaris. The PPAR-γ functionalized magnetic nano-microspheres have been successfully synthesized and characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specificity, reusability, and reproducibility of the nano-microspheres were investigated with the help of the specific binding of rosiglitazone to PPAR-γ. In addition, the incubation temperature and the pH of the buffer solution in the magnetic ligand fishing were optimized to improve the specific adsorption efficiency of the analytes. Finally, with the aid of ultraperformance liquid chromatography plus Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS), the 16 active ligands including 9 organic acids, 5 flavonoids, and 2 phenols were found in the ethanolic extracts of Choerospondias axillaris. Therefore, the study can provide a successful precedent for realizing the designated extraction and rapid isolation of target-specific active ingredient groups in the complex mixtures.
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An alternative perspective of an underutilized fruit tree Choerospondias axillaris in health promotion and disease prevention: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu T, Yan T, Jia X, Liu J, Ma R, Wang Y, Wang X, Liang Y, Xiao Y, Dong Y. Systematic exploration of the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of the Mongolian medicine Nutmeg-5 in improving cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114847. [PMID: 34800647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nutmeg-5, which consists of Myristica fragrans Houtt., Aucklandia lappa Decne., Inula helenium L., Fructus Choerospondiatis and Piper longum L., is an ancient and classic formula in traditional Mongolian medicine that is widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. However, its material basis and pharmacological mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explore the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of Nutmeg-5 in improving cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The constituents of Nutmeg-5 absorbed into the blood were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A mouse MI model was induced in male Kunming mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LDA) ligation. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function. The protective effect of Nutmeg-5 and compound Danshen dripping pills as positive control medicine on post-MI cardiac remodeling was evaluated by tissue histology and determination of the serum protein levels of biomarkers of myocardial injury. RNA sequencing analysis of mouse left ventricle tissue was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of Nutmeg-5 in cardiac remodeling after MI. RESULTS A total of 27 constituents absorbed into blood were identified in rat plasma following gavage administration of Nutmeg-5 (0.54 g/kg) for 1 h. We found that ventricular remodeling after MI was significantly improved after Nutmeg-5 treatment in mice, which was demonstrated by decreased mortality, better cardiac function, decreased heart weight to body weight and heart weight to tibia length ratios, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis and myocardial injury. RNA sequencing revealed that the protective effect of Nutmeg-5 on cardiac remodeling after MI was associated with improved heart metabolism. Further study found that Nutmeg-5 treatment could preserve the ultrastructure of mitochondria and upregulate gene expression related to mitochondrial function and structure. HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit) expression was significantly upregulated in the hearts of MI mice and significantly suppressed in the hearts of Nutmeg-5-treated mice. In addition, Nutmeg-5 treatment significantly activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha signaling pathway, which was inhibited in the hearts of MI mice. CONCLUSIONS Nutmeg-5 attenuates cardiac remodeling after MI by improving heart metabolism and preserving mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting HIF-1α expression in the mouse heart after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China; Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Ruilian Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Xianjue Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yabin Liang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Xiao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China.
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Sun Z, Zhao M, Zuo L, Zhou S, Fan F, Jia Q, Xue L, Li H, Kang J, Zhang X. Rapid qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex and seven flavonoids by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:518-528. [PMID: 34784088 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex is the bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim., which has been used as a folk medicine plant in China and India. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed to clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex rapidly. A total of 113 compounds were characterized. Among them, seven flavonoids were simultaneously quantified in 15 min, including myricetin, myricetrin, taxifolin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and naringenin. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and the limits of detection and quantification. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.9990) within test ranges. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2.16%. Accuracy validation showed that the recovery was between 95.6% and 101.3% with relative standard deviation values below 2.85%. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the contents of seven flavones in Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex from seven sources and the contents of these places were calculated respectively. This method provides a theoretical basis for further developing the medicinal value of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Fan
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanbing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Yang Z, Sun H, Su S, Nan X, Li K, Jin X, Jin G, Li Z, Lu D. Tsantan Sumtang Restored Right Ventricular Function in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607384. [PMID: 33536917 PMCID: PMC7848122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tsantan Sumtang originated from Four Tantras, which consisted of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt and A. W. Hill, Santalum album L., and Myristica fragrans Houtt. The three herbs are in ratio 1:1:1. This medication is widely used for cardiovascular diseases. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Tsantan Sumtang on right ventricular (RV) function in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats and investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control, hypoxia, and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang (1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 g•kg−1•d−1) groups. Chronic hypoxia was induced by putting the rats inside a hypobaric chamber for four weeks and adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content to match an altitude of 4500 m. Echocardiography was used to assess RV function and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling. The physiological parameters of the animals were also evaluated. Morphological characteristics of RV were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TEM. Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and TUNEL assay were used to assess fibrosis and apoptosis levels. The antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties of Tsantan Sumtang were also evaluated. The effect of Tsantan Sumtang on ROCK signaling pathway was evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Results: We established an HPH rat model as indicated by the significant increases in the physiological parameters of the rats. Tsantan Sumtang showed a significant cardiac-protective function and an improved effect on RV-PA coupling. Moreover, Tsantan Sumtang treatment inhibited fibrosis and alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress in RV. In terms of mechanism, Tsantan Sumtang reduced the expression of ROCK (ROCK1, ROCK2) in RV, inhibited cardiac remodeling-related transcription factors (NFATc3, P-STAT3), and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. Conclusion: Tsantan Sumtang was able to restore RV function, improve RV-PA coupling, recover hemodynamic and hematological indexes, and protect RV against structural maladaptive remodeling in the HPH rats. These findings demonstrated that Tsantan Sumtang protects the function of RV in HPH rats. The antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties of Tsantan Sumtang may be responsible for inhibiting the ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanting Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haixia Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ke Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Guoen Jin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Gui C, Zhang C, Xiong X, Huang J, Xi J, Gong L, Huang B, Zhang X. Total flavone extract from Ampelopsis megalophylla induces apoptosis in the MCF‑7 cell line. Int J Oncol 2021; 58:409-418. [PMID: 33469684 PMCID: PMC7864147 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsis megalophylla has been found to demonstrate anticancer activities in human cancer cells; however, the effect of total flavone extract (TFE), commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, remains unclear. Furthermore, there is limited information on its effects on breast cancer cell lines. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of TFE in different human cancer cell lines. In addition, the underlying mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved were also investigated by determining tumor cell morphological changes, and differences in the cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and related protein expression levels in a breast cancer cell line. It was found that TFE inhibited proliferation in seven cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, MCF-7, HepG2, A2780, SW620 and MDA-MB-231 and demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Cell morphological changes were also observed and arrested at the G2/M phase following treatment with TFE at different concentrations. In addition, TFE disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulated the expression level of apoptotic proteins, including caspase-3, -8 and -9, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and Apaf-1 in time-dependent manner. These results indicated that TFE induced apoptosis of the MCF-7 cells via a mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, TFE is potentially effective in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gui
- The Medicinal Plant Garden, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Medicinal Plant Garden, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Xiong
- The Medicinal Plant Garden, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Medicinal Plant Garden, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Yan F, Cheng X, Zhao M, Gong S, Han Y, Ding L, Wu D, Luo Y, Zuo W, Zhu L, Fan M, Ji X. Loss of Wip1 aggravates brain injury after ischaemia/reperfusion by overactivating microglia. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:344-351. [PMID: 33452162 PMCID: PMC8485234 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The inflammatory response mediated by microglia/macrophages is closely related to cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Wild-type p53-induced protein phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is expressed in various tissues. A growing number of reports have suggested that Wip1 is a negative regulator of inflammation in peripheral tissue; however, its role in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether Wip1 can inhibit CNS inflammation by regulating microglia/macrophage functions after ischaemic injury. Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion was established in mice. CNS inflammation was simulated by lipopolysaccharide treatment of primary microglia. Laser speckle imaging was used to monitor regional cerebral blood flow. Behavioural outcomes were assessed with a TreadScan gait analysis system. TTC staining was used to evaluate the infarct volume, and western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were applied to detect the phenotypical transformation of microglia. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of inflammatory factors. Results Wip1 expression was increased after ischaemia/reperfusion. Wip1-knockout (KO) mice displayed more severe brain injury than wild-type mice, as indicated by aggravated motor dysfunction, greater brain infarct volumes and higher expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha) in the brain. We also found that Wip1 depletion increased microglial/macrophage activation in both in vitro and in vivo models, which all showed activation of microglia/macrophages. Lentivirus-Ppm1d reversed the injury induced by Wip1-KO. Conclusions Our results suggest that Wip1 may inhibit neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial/macrophage activation after brain ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Cerebrovascular Disease Research Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Gong
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Sun YH, Bu R, Wang YW, Hu YC, Wang XM, Dong X, Zu W, Niu Y, Zhao PW, Sun P, Ru SH, Lu JK, Na SS. Validation of efficacy and mechanism of Sanwei-Tanxiang powder in improving myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:664. [PMID: 33437022 PMCID: PMC7804470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanwei-Tanxiang powder (SWTX), a traditional Mongolian and Tibetan medicine containing a cocktail of active molecules, relieves angina pectoris and improves recovery in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The pharmacological effect of SWTX on CHD was analyzed at a systemic point of view in our previous studies. The bioinformatics prediction showed that the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway was one of important pathways of SWTX on treatment of coronary heart disease. Based on it, the aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of SWTX in acute myocardial ischemic-reperfused (MIR) rat in vivo and H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells under oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in vitro, and further investigate the involvement of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway in these processes. Ex vivo, under physiological conditions, SWTX did not show any modification in the heart rate and contraction amplitude. However, against a MIR injury, SWTX pretreatment provided significant protection, including reduced ST-segment elevation, pathological changes and myocardial infarct size in vivo, meanwhile, some monomers of SWTX showed antioxidant capacity and inhibited cardiomyocytic apoptosis in vitro. The effect was correlated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway downstream and the regulation of downstream pro-apoptotic Bim of FoxO3a experimental verified by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent assay. In vitro, blocking Akt and p-FoxO3a activation with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively suppressed the protective effects of several active monomers (including quercetin, macelignan,methyleugenol and Santol) of SWTX against H2O2-induced injury. Collectively, these results suggest that SWTX decreases I/R injury, and the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway takes part in protection during this process, gallogen (G3) and quercetin (G8) of GZ, methyleugenol (R2) and macelignan (R7) of RDK, santol (T1) of TX are responsible at least in part for SWTX’s cardioprotection effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Ren Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Yue-Wu Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Yu-Chong Hu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhehot, China
| | - Xu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Wen Zu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Yan Niu
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Peng-Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Shi-Hang Ru
- Radiotherapy Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Jing-Kun Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China.
| | - Sheng-Sang Na
- Institute of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China.
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12
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Jia JY, Zang EH, Lv LJ, Li QY, Zhang CH, Xia Y, Zhang L, Dang LS, Li MH. Flavonoids in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:49-63. [PMID: 36117755 PMCID: PMC9476686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Effective restoration of blood flow can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce mortality. However, reperfusion injury cannot be ignored. Flavonoids possess well-established antioxidant properties; They also have other benefits that may be relevant for ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this review, we focus on flavonoids with cardiovascular-protection function and emphasize their pharmacological effects. The main mechanisms of flavonoid pharmacological activities against MIRI involve the following aspects: a) antioxidant, b) anti-inflammatory, c) anti-platelet aggregation, d) anti-apoptosis, and e) myocardial-function regulation activities. We also summarized the effectiveness of flavonoids for MIRI.
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13
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Tian S, Luo T, Zhu Y, Wan JP. Recent advances in the diversification of chromones and flavones by direct C H bond activation or functionalization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Wei R, Zhong S, Qiao L, Guo M, Shao M, Wang S, Jiang B, Yang Y, Gu C. Steroid 5α-Reductase Type I Induces Cell Viability and Migration via Nuclear Factor-κB/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1501. [PMID: 32983992 PMCID: PMC7484213 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Steroid 5α-reductase type I (SRD5A1), as an important part of the steroid metabolism, converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and regulates sex hormone levels, which accommodates tumor occurrence or development. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of SRD5A1 in CRC remains unclear. We compared SRD5A1 expression in CRC tissues with normal controls by immunohistochemistry and found that elevated SRD5A1 in CRC was relevant for poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, inducible downregulation of SRD5A1 by small hairpin RNA reduced cell viability, promoted cell cycle arrest, and induced cell apoptosis and cellular senescence of CRC cells, as well as attenuated cell migration ability. In the following experiments, we used dutasteride (an inhibitor of SRD5A1/2) to explore its inhibitory effect on the biological processes of CRC cells, as mentioned earlier. Further mechanism study demonstrated that the repression of SRD5A1 abolished the expression of p65 and vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting that SRD5A1 might regulate cell viability and migration through nuclear factor-κB/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings implicate SRD5A1 acting as a novel biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis and provide compelling evidence for the future evaluation of dutasteride as a promising candidate for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Wei
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sixia Zhong
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qiao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyu Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Kil YS, Risinger AL, Petersen CL, Liang H, Grkovic T, O’Keefe BR, Mooberry SL, Cichewicz RH. Using the Cancer Dependency Map to Identify the Mechanism of Action of a Cytotoxic Alkenyl Derivative from the Fruit of Choerospondias axillaris. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:584-592. [PMID: 32105068 PMCID: PMC7864215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An extract prepared from the fruit of Choerospondias axillaris exhibited differential cytotoxic effects when tested in a panel of pediatric cancer cell lines [Ewing sarcoma (A-673), rhabdomyosarcoma (SJCRH30), medulloblastoma (D283), and hepatoblastoma (Hep293TT)]. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the purification of five new hydroquinone-based metabolites, choerosponols A-E (1-5), bearing unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. The structures of the natural products were determined using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, ECD spectroscopy, and Mosher ester analyses. The purified compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities, revealing that 1, which contains a benzofuran moiety, exhibited over 50-fold selective antiproliferative activity against Ewing sarcoma and medulloblastoma cells with growth inhibitory (GI50) values of 0.19 and 0.07 μM, respectively. The effects of 1 were evaluated in a larger panel of cancer cell lines, and these data were used in turn to interrogate the Project Achilles cancer dependency database, leading to the identification of the MCT1 transporter as a functional target of 1. These data highlight the utility of publicly available cancer dependency databases such as Project Achilles to facilitate the identification of the mechanisms of action of compounds with selective activities among cancer cell lines, which can be a major challenge in natural products drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kil
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - April L. Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Cora L. Petersen
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Huiyun Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Tanja Grkovic
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States
| | - Barry R. O’Keefe
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States
| | - Susan L. Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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16
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Dang Z, Su S, Jin G, Nan X, Ma L, Li Z, Lu D, Ge R. Tsantan Sumtang attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced right ventricular structure remodeling and fibrosis by equilibrating local ACE-AngII-AT1R/ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112470. [PMID: 31862407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang, which consists of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill, Myristica fragrans Houtt and Santalum album L, is a traditional and common prescription of Tibetan medicine. Tsantan Sumtang originates from Four Tantra with properties of nourishing heart and has been used as a folk medicine for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in Qinghai, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. Our previous studies found that Tsantan Sumtang showed beneficial effects on right ventricular structure in hypoxia rats, while the underling mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Tsantan Sumtang attenuated right ventricular (RV) remodeling and fibrosis of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (170 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups (1.0 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.25 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.5 g ·kg-1·day-1). Rats in the hypoxia group and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups were maintained in a hypobaric chamber by adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content to simulate an altitude of 4500 m for 28 days. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), the ratio of RV weight to tibia length (TL) (RV/TL), heart rate (HR) and RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was determined. Histomorphological assay of RV structure was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RV tissue fibrosis was assessed by collagen proportion area (CPA), collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline content. CPA was obtained by picro-sirius red staining (PSR). The expression of collagen I and collagen III were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The hydroxyproline content was detected by alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, the level of angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) in RV tissue was tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), AngII, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Mas receptor (Mas) were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. mRNA level of ACE, AT1R, ACE2, Mas were tested by qPCR. The chemical profile of Tsantan Sumtang was revealed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that RVHI, RV/TL and RVSP were significantly increased in HPAH rat. Furthermore, levels of collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline were up-regulated in RV tissue under hypoxia. We found that RV hypertrophy and fibrosis were associated with increased expression of ACE, AngII, AT1R as well as decreased expression of ACE2, Ang1-7 and Mas. RV remodeling and fibrosis were attenuated after Tsantan Sumtang administration by up-regulating ACE2 and Mas level as well as down-regulating ACE, AngII and AT1R levels in RV tissue. 35 constituents in Tsantan Sumtang were identified. CONCLUSION Tsantan Sumtang attenuated RV remodeling and fibrosis in rat exposed to chronic hypoxia. The pharmacological effect of Tsantan Sumtang was based on equilibrating ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis of RV tissue in HPAH rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancui Dang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs District, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810003, China
| | - Guoen Jin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
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17
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Li C, Wang Z, Wang T, Wang G, Li G, Sun C, Lin J, Sun L, Sun X, Cho S, Wang H, Gao Y, Tian J. Repeated-dose 26-week oral toxicity study of ginsenoside compound K in Beagle dogs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112323. [PMID: 31639487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product produced by the intestinal bacteria-mediated breakdown of ginsenoside, exhibits a wide array of pharmacological activities against diverse targets. However, few of preclinical safety evaluation of CK is reported. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study therefore sought to assess the toxicity of oral CK in Beagle dogs over a 26-week period. MATERIAL AND METHODS All dogs received 4, 12, or 36 mg/kg oral CK doses for 26 weeks with regular monitoring, followed by a 4-week recovery period. Animals were monitored through measurements of temperature, weight, food intake, blood chemistry and hematological findings, electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements, urinalysis, gross necropsy and organ weight and tissue histopathology. RESULTS Animals in the 36 mg/kg group exhibited an apparent reduction in body weight over the study period, in addition to the presence of focal liver necrosis and increased plasma enzyme levels (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; alkaline phosphatase, ALP) consistent with hepatotoxicity, although there was some evidence suggesting this toxicity was reversible. Animals in the 4 and 12 mg/kg groups did not exhibit any apparent toxicity for any measured parameters. CONCLUSION These results thus indicate that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in dogs is 12 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Zhezhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Guangfei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Guisheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Sun
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Liqin Sun
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Xilin Sun
- Yantai Laishan Changen Hospital, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Susan Cho
- NutraSource, Inc., Clarksville, MD, 21029, USA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
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18
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A 26-week 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 oral toxicity study in Beagle dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 110:104522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Yu Q, Liu Y, Wan JP. Transition metal-free synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl chromones via tandem C–H trifluoromethylation and chromone annulation of enaminones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl chromones has been realized via transition metal-free reactions of o-hydroxyphenyl enaminones and the Langlois reagent via cascade C–H trifluoromethylation and chromone annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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20
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Tian C, Chen X, Chang Y, Wang R, Ning J, Cui C, Liu M. The regulatory effect of flavonoids extracted from Abutilon theophrasti leaves on gene expression in LPS-induced ALI mice via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:514-518. [PMID: 31401916 PMCID: PMC6713108 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1648523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: ALI is a common disease characterized by acute pulmonary inflammatory disorder. Abutilon theophrasti Medik. (Malvaceae), as a Chinese traditional medicine, is used for the treatment of inflammation. Its main constituents are flavonoid compounds. Objective: This study investigates the regulatory effect of a TFE from Abutilon theophrasti leaves on gene expression in LPS-induced ALI mice via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Materials and methods: Kunming mice were intragastrically administered TFE (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg) for 5 days, and then ALI was induced via intranasal administration 40 μg of LPS in 10 μL PBS after intragastric administration on the 5th day, and PBS and DEX (2 mg/kg) were negative and positive control groups, respectively. Results: The relative expression of iNOS gene was 0.707, 0.507 and 0.483 for 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg TFE, and COX-2 gene expression was also reduced after treatment by three concentrations of TFE with 0.768, 0.545, and 0.478. The mRNA expression levels of p65 were 0.61, 0.43 and 0.27 for 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg TFE and IκB levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner with 3.99, 13.69 and 34.36. 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg TFE inhibited the expression of ERK1/2 with 0.59 and 0.38, p38MAPK with 0.62 and 0.54, and JNK with 0.37 and 0.29, and JNK mRNA expression was 0.60 for 0.25 g/kg TFE. Discussion and conclusion: These results indicate that the regulatory mechanisms of TFE on gene expression in LPS-induced ALI mice include inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, Yantai Shangdong Prov, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cancan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Shenyang Liaoning Prov, People’s Republic of China
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Castaldo L, Narváez A, Izzo L, Graziani G, Gaspari A, Di Minno G, Ritieni A. Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Molecules 2019; 24:E3626. [PMID: 31597344 PMCID: PMC6804046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is a popular alcoholic beverage that has been consumed for hundreds of years. Benefits from moderate alcohol consumption have been widely supported by the scientific literature and, in this line, red wine intake has been related to a lesser risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Experimental studies and meta-analyses have mainly attributed this outcome to the presence in red wine of a great variety of polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and anthocyanin. Resveratrol is considered the most effective wine compound with respect to the prevention of CHD because of its antioxidant properties. The mechanisms responsible for its putative cardioprotective effects would include changes in lipid profiles, reduction of insulin resistance, and decrease in oxidative stress of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulated evidence correlating moderate red wine consumption with prevention of CHD by focusing on the different mechanisms underlying this relationship. Furthermore, the chemistry of wine as well as chemical factors that influence the composition of the bioactive components of red wine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Narváez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gaspari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (L.I.); (G.G.); (A.G.)
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Gao Y, Wang T, Wang G, Li G, Sun C, Jiang Z, Yang J, Li Y, You Y, Wu X, Sun L, Wang H, Li C, Tian J, Zhu J, Wang K, Cho S. Preclinical safety of ginsenoside compound K: Acute, and 26-week oral toxicity studies in mice and rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Extraction technology, component analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids fraction from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02234. [PMID: 31485505 PMCID: PMC6716114 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the extraction technology, component analysis, and antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids fraction from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves was carried out. The extraction process was optimized by response surface method, and the maximum yield 0.27% for flavonoids fraction was achieved with concentration of ethanol solution 25.87%, ratio of solvent to material 30:1 ml/g, and ultrasonic extraction time 27.93 min. Moreover, 14 compositions were identified separately from flavonoids fraction by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS2. In addition, flavonoids fraction exhibited a better antioxidant activity demonstrated by assays of ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity. Furthermore, the antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids fraction were also proved to be stronger. Therefore, the present findings suggest that flavonoids fraction from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves can be a very interesting candidate for the research and development of natural and healthy herbal medicine for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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A study of D-allulose-associated reproductive toxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110548. [PMID: 31154086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed whether D-allulose was associated with reproductive toxicity in rats, assessing reproduction and offspring growth following gavage of parents with 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of this compound. Specifically, female rats were continuously dose from 2 weeks prior to mating until day 21 of lactation, while males were dose for the 10 weeks before mating. We did not observe any direct toxicity or mortality upon D-allulose administration, with no changes in body weight or eating behavior between study and control groups. We also did not observe any significant alterations in precoital time, copulation index, fertility index (male), or pregnancy index (male) between groups. Relative to controls, there was also no effect of D-allulose treatment on pregnancy rates, implantation, pregnancy length, gender ratios, viability indexes, lactation indexes, prenatal death rates, or number of live young at time of birth. Organ weights and indexes were also comparable between groups at time of sacrifice, and treatment was not linked to any obvious manifestations upon necropsy or histopathological examination. In the F1 offspring, the body weights of pups born to parents administered D-allulose (2000, 1000, and 500 mg/kg) were slightly higher on days 1-9 postnatally relative to controls (p < 0.05), however after day 9 these effects were no longer evident. Together, these results indicate a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of D-allulose of 2000 mg/kg, the highest dose tested, in parental animals and their offspring.
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Tsantan Sumtang Alleviates Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting Proliferation of Pulmonary Vascular Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9504158. [PMID: 30622966 PMCID: PMC6304203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9504158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a severe condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality in people living at high altitude. Tsantan Sumtang, a traditional Tibetan medicine, has been routinely used for the treatment of cardiopyretic disease, as well as stenocardia. Interestingly, our previous research found that Tsantan Sumtang improved HPH in rats maintaining in a hypobaric chamber. We performed a series of experiments to test the indexes of vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, the key pathophysiological characteristics of HPH. Our results showed that Tsantan Sumtang relaxed noradrenaline (NE)-precontracted rat pulmonary artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The PGI2-cAMP (prostaglandin I2-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) pathway, NO-cGMP (nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate) pathway, and the opening of K+ channels (inward rectifier K+ channels, large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, and voltage-dependent K+ channels) might play major roles in the vasorelaxation effect. In vivo, the administration of Tsantan Sumtang resulted in a substantial decrease in the rat mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI). The reduction of thickness of small pulmonary arterial wall and the WT% (the ratio of the vascular wall thickness to the vascular diameter) were observed. The smooth muscle muscularization of the arterials was alleviated by Tsantan Sumtang treatment at the same time. Tsantan Sumtang also reduced remodeling of pulmonary arterioles by suppressing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) through inhibition of p27Kip1 degradation. Therefore, Tsantan Sumtang could be applied as a preventative medication for HPH, which would be a new use for this traditional medicine.
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Tao J, Wang YT, Abudoukelimu M, Yang YN, Li XM, Xie X, Chen BD, Liu F, He CH, Li HY, Ma YT. Association of genetic variations in the Wnt signaling pathway genes with myocardial infarction susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52740-52750. [PMID: 27391264 PMCID: PMC5288145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated the Wnt pathway in the development and progression of myocardial infarction (MI); however, there are very few investigations addressing the effects of polymorphisms in the Wnt pathway genes on MI susceptibility. We investigated the possible correlation between genetic variations in Wnt pathway genes and MI risk. Three polymorphisms (rs7832767 C > T in SFRP1 gene, rs2293303 C > T in CTNNB1 gene, rs16893344 C > T in WISP1 gene) were finally selected and genotyped in 465 MI patients and 485 healthy controls, using the PCR-RFLP method. We found that the SFRP1 rs7832767 variant allele (T) was associated with a significantly increased risk of MI [TT vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.78-5.51; CT/TT vs. CC: AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.12-2.08; TT vs. CC/CT: AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.66-4.97)]. The significant association with MI risk was also found for the CTNNB1 rs2293303 (CT vs. CC: AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.28-5.33; TT vs. CC: AOR = 7.37, 95% CI = 2.08-26.16; CT/TT vs. CC: AOR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.46-5.62; TT vs. CC/CT: AOR = 5.52, 95% CI = 1.58-19.28), and WISP1 rs16893344 polymorphisms (CT vs. CC: AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.70-3.47; TT vs. CC: AOR = 5.17, 95% CI = 1.85-14.41; CT/TT vs. CC: AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.83-3.66; TT vs. CC/CT: AOR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.41-10.64). The associations remain significant in stratified analysis by demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, with few exceptions. Our study provided the first evidence of the association between polymorphisms in the Wnt pathway genes and MI susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Epidemiological studies with larger samples and functional analyses are warranted to further verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mayila Abudoukelimu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun-Hui He
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hua-Yin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Febuxostat Modulates MAPK/NF- κBp65/TNF- α Signaling in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8095825. [PMID: 29138678 PMCID: PMC5613710 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8095825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase have been implicated in producing myocardial damage following reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery. We investigated and compared the effect of febuxostat and allopurinol in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury with a focus on the signaling pathways involved. Male Wistar rats were orally administered vehicle (CMC) once daily (sham and IR + control), febuxostat (10 mg/kg/day; FEB10 + IR), or allopurinol (100 mg/kg/day; ALL100 + IR) for 14 days. On the 15th day, the IR-control and treatment groups were subjected to one-stage left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation for 45 minutes followed by a 60-minute reperfusion. Febuxostat and allopurinol pretreatment significantly improved cardiac function and maintained morphological alterations. They also attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3), reducing TUNEL-positive cells, and increasing the level of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). The MAPK-based molecular mechanism revealed suppression of active JNK and p38 proteins concomitant with the rise in ERK1/ERK2, a prosurvival kinase. Additionally, a reduction in the level of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB) was also observed. The changes observed with febuxostat were remarkable in comparison with those observed with allopurinol. Febuxostat protects relatively better against IR injury than allopurinol by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis mediating the MAPK/NF-κBp65/TNF-α pathway.
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Zhang Z, Zhou S, Mei Z, Zhang M. Inhibition of p38MAPK potentiates mesenchymal stem cell therapy against myocardial infarction injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3489-3493. [PMID: 28713990 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in combination with p38 mitogen‑activated protein (MAPK) inhibition against myocardial infarction (MI) injury in rats, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. An MI model was established by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The rats were divided into four groups: MSC transplantation, p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), MSC + SB203580 and model control group. HE staining and a TUNEL assay were performed to evaluate pathological changes and apoptosis. The expression levels of p38MAPK and transforming growth factor β‑activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were determined using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. As shown by HE staining, classical morphological changes, including irregular cell arrangement and inflammatory infiltration were observed in the model rats, whereas MSC therapy or injection of the p38MAPK inhibitor ameliorated these pathological changes. Of note, the combined application of MSCs with the p38MAPK inhibitor exerted additive effects. The TUNEL assay showed that the combined application of MSCs with p38MAPK inhibitor also led to potentiation of effects, compared with either MSCs therapy or p38MAPK inhibitor injection alone. Mechanistically, the combined application of MSCs with p38MAPK inhibitor decreased the expression levels of TAK1 and p38MAPK at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, p38MAPK inhibition potentiated the protective effects of MSCs therapy against MI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhang
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Zhou
- The Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Mei
- The Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Zhao CN, Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Liu Q, Tang GY, Li HB. Fruits for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:E598. [PMID: 28608832 PMCID: PMC5490577 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global health problems. Accumulating epidemiological studies have indicated that consuming fruits was inversely related to the risk of CVDs. Moreover, substantial experimental studies have supported the protective role of fruits against CVDs, and several fruits (grape, blueberry, pomegranate, apple, hawthorn, and avocado) have been widely studied and have shown potent cardiovascular protective action. Fruits can prevent CVDs or facilitate the restoration of morphology and functions of heart and vessels after injury. The involved mechanisms included protecting vascular endothelial function, regulating lipids metabolism, modulating blood pressure, inhibiting platelets function, alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury, suppressing thrombosis, reducing oxidative stress, and attenuating inflammation. The present review summarizes recent discoveries about the effects of fruits on CVDs and discusses potential mechanisms of actions based on evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Suchal K, Malik S, Khan SI, Malhotra RK, Goyal SN, Bhatia J, Ojha S, Arya DS. Molecular Pathways Involved in the Amelioration of Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats by Kaempferol. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051001. [PMID: 28505121 PMCID: PMC5454914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that chronic hyperglycemia leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which exerts its effect via interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). AGE-RAGE activation results in oxidative stress and inflammation. It is well known that this mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Kaempferol, a dietary flavonoid, is known to possess antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known about the effect of kaempferol on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats using streptozotocin (70 mg/kg; i.p.), and rats with glucose level >250 mg/dL were considered as diabetic. Diabetic rats were treated with vehicle (2 mL/kg; i.p.) and kaempferol (20 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for a period of 28 days and on the 28th day, ischemia was produced by one-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. After completion of surgery, rats were sacrificed and the heart tissue was processed for biochemical, morphological, and molecular studies. Kaempferol pretreatment significantly reduced hyperglycemia, maintained hemodynamic function, suppressed AGE-RAGE axis activation, normalized oxidative stress, and preserved morphological alterations. In addition, there was decreased level of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and NF-κB), inhibition of active c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 proteins, and activation of Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) a prosurvival kinase. Furthermore, it also attenuated apoptosis by reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Caspase-3), Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells, and increasing the level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). In conclusion, kaempferol attenuated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by reducing AGE-RAGE/ mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Suchal
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Salma Malik
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Sana Irfan Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Rajiv Kumar Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 17666, UAE.
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Li F, Zhang Y, Zeng D, Xia Y, Fan X, Tan Y, Kou J, Yu B. The Combination of Three Components Derived from Sheng MaiSan Protects Myocardial Ischemic Diseases and Inhibits Oxidative Stress via Modulating MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathways Based on Bioinformatics Approach. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:21. [PMID: 28197101 PMCID: PMC5282471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
GRS is a drug combination of three components including ginsenoside Rb1, ruscogenin and schisandrin. It derived from the well-known TCM formula Sheng MaiSan, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic. The present study illuminates its underlying mechanisms against myocardial ischemic diseases based on the combined methods of bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification. A protein database was established through constructing the drug-protein network. And the target-pathway interaction network clustered the potential signaling pathways and targets of GRS in treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases. Several target proteins, such as NFKB1, STAT3 and MAPK14, were identified as the candidate key proteins, and MAPKs and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were suggested as the most related pathways, which were in accordance with the gene ontology analysis. Then, the predictive results were further validated and we found that GRS treatment alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes injury via suppression of MDA levels and ROS generation, and potential mechanisms might related to the suppression of activation of MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways. Conclusively, our results offer the evidence that GRS attenuates myocardial ischemia injury via regulating oxidative stress and MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways, which supplied some new insights for its prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yisha Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
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Kaempferol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Injury via Inhibition of MAPK Signaling Pathway in Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7580731. [PMID: 27087891 PMCID: PMC4819110 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7580731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KMP), a dietary flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Hence, we investigated the effect of KMP in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model of myocardial injury in rats. We studied male albino Wistar rats that were divided into sham, IR-control, KMP-20 + IR, and KMP 20 per se groups. KMP (20 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered daily to rats for the period of 15 days, and, on the 15th day, ischemia was produced by one-stage ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. After completion of surgery, rats were sacrificed; heart was removed and processed for biochemical, morphological, and molecular studies. KMP pretreatment significantly ameliorated IR injury by maintaining cardiac function, normalizing oxidative stress, and preserving morphological alterations. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the level of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and NFκB), inhibition of active JNK and p38 proteins, and activation of ERK1/ERK2, a prosurvival kinase. Additionally, it also attenuated apoptosis by reducing the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax and Caspase-3), TUNEL positive cells, and increased level of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). In conclusion, KMP protected against IR injury by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis through the modulation of MAPK pathway.
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Cardioprotective Effects of Genistin in Rat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Studies by Regulation of P2X7/NF-κB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5381290. [PMID: 27087823 PMCID: PMC4818796 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5381290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effects and mechanisms of genistin in the rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. The rat hearts were exposed to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation for 30 min followed by 1 h of reperfusion. In the rat of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R), it was found that genistin pretreatment reduced myocardial infarct size, improved the heart rate, and decreased creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in coronary flow. This pretreatment also increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities but decreased glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, we determined that genistin can ameliorate the impaired mitochondrial morphology and oxidation system; interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were also recovered. Besides, related-proteins of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal pathway activated by P2X7 were investigated to determine the molecular mechanism of genistin and their expressions were measured by western blot. These results presented here demonstrated that genistin enhanced the protective effect on the rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of genistin may rely on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via suppression of P2X7/NF-κB pathways.
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Flavonoids and mitochondrial pharmacology: A new paradigm for cardioprotection. Life Sci 2015; 135:68-76. [PMID: 26006042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial ischemia is one of the major causes of illness and of deaths in Western society; therefore the definition of the signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotection represents a challenging goal in order to discover novel pharmacological approaches. In this regard, a number of epidemiologic studies demonstrate a relationship between intake of flavonoid-rich foods and reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. Moreover, numerous experimental studies have examined flavonoid-induced cardioprotective effects on several animal models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. As concerns the mechanisms of action, although the antioxidant effect of flavonoids has been long thought to be a crucial factor accounting for cardioprotection, mitochondrial pathways (ion channels, protein kinases, etc.) are presently emerging as specific pharmacological targets more relevantly involved in the anti-ischemic effects of some flavonoids. Since these pharmacodynamic features seem to be poorly considered, this review examines the mitochondrial role in the cardioprotective mechanisms of some members of this phytochemical class, by describing the biological pathways and reporting an overview of the most important experimental evidence in this field.
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Total Flavones of Choerospondias axillaris Attenuate Cardiac Dysfunction and Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis by Modulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 15:283-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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