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Peng D, Zhuge F, Wang M, Zhang B, Zhuang Z, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Li J, Yu Z, Shi J. Morus alba L. (Sangzhi) alkaloids mitigate atherosclerosis by regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155526. [PMID: 38564921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, posing a substantial health risk. Recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder, AS hinges on the pivotal involvement of macrophages in arterial inflammation, participating in its formation and progression. Sangzhi alkaloid (SZ-A) is a novel natural alkaloid extracted from the mulberry branches, has extensive pharmacological effects and stable pharmacokinetic characteristics. However, the effects and mechanisms of SZ-A on AS remain unclear. PURPOSE To explore the effect and underlying mechanisms of SZ-A on inflammation mediated by macrophages and its role in AS development. METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced in vivo in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice through a high-fat and high-choline diet. We utilized macrophages and vascular endothelial cells to investigate the effects of SZ-A on macrophage polarization and its anti-inflammatory properties on endothelial cells in vitro. The transcriptomic analyses were used to investigate the major molecule that mediates cell-cell interactions and the antiatherogenic mechanisms of SZ-A based on AS, subsequently validated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS SZ-A demonstrated a significant inhibition in vascular inflammation and alleviation of AS severity by mitigating macrophage infiltration and modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, SZ-A effectively reduced the release of the proinflammatory mediator C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, predominantly secreted by M1 macrophages. This reduction in CXCL-10 contributed to improved endothelial cell function, reduced recruitment of additional macrophages, and inhibited the inflammatory amplification effect. This ultimately led to the suppression of atherogenesis. CONCLUSION SZ-A exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation, providing a new therapeutic avenue against AS. This is the first study demonstrating the efficacy of SZ-A in alleviating AS severity and offers novel insights into its anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Run Zhou
- College of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenqiu Yu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; The Department of Hypertension, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Müller FS, Aherrahrou Z, Grasshoff H, Heidorn MW, Humrich JY, Johanson L, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Schulz A, ten Cate V, Robles AP, Koeck T, Rapp S, Lange T, Brachaczek L, Luebber F, Erdmann J, Heidecke H, Schulze-Forster K, Dechend R, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Ghaemi Kerahrodi J, Tüscher O, Schwarting A, Strauch K, Münzel T, Prochaska JH, Riemekasten G, Wild PS. Autoantibodies against the chemokine receptor 3 predict cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4935-4949. [PMID: 37941454 PMCID: PMC10719496 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic inflammation and autoimmunity contribute to cardiovascular (CV) disease. Recently, autoantibodies (aAbs) against the CXC-motif-chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a G protein-coupled receptor with a key role in atherosclerosis, have been identified. The role of anti-CXCR3 aAbs for CV risk and disease is unclear. METHODS Anti-CXCR3 aAbs were quantified by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 5000 participants (availability: 97.1%) of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study with extensive clinical phenotyping. Regression analyses were carried out to identify determinants of anti-CXCR3 aAbs and relevance for clinical outcome (i.e. all-cause mortality, cardiac death, heart failure, and major adverse cardiac events comprising incident coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death). Last, immunization with CXCR3 and passive transfer of aAbs were performed in ApoE(-/-) mice for preclinical validation. RESULTS The analysis sample included 4195 individuals (48% female, mean age 55.5 ± 11 years) after exclusion of individuals with autoimmune disease, immunomodulatory medication, acute infection, and history of cancer. Independent of age, sex, renal function, and traditional CV risk factors, increasing concentrations of anti-CXCR3 aAbs translated into higher intima-media thickness, left ventricular mass, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Adjusted for age and sex, anti-CXCR3 aAbs above the 75th percentile predicted all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) 1.25 (1.02, 1.52), P = .029], driven by excess cardiac mortality [HR 2.51 (1.21, 5.22), P = .014]. A trend towards a higher risk for major adverse cardiac events [HR 1.42 (1.0, 2.0), P = .05] along with increased risk of incident heart failure [HR per standard deviation increase of anti-CXCR3 aAbs: 1.26 (1.02, 1.56), P = .03] may contribute to this observation. Targeted proteomics revealed a molecular signature of anti-CXCR3 aAbs reflecting immune cell activation and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions associated with an ongoing T helper cell 1 response. Finally, ApoE(-/-) mice immunized against CXCR3 displayed increased anti-CXCR3 aAbs and exhibited a higher burden of atherosclerosis compared to non-immunized controls, correlating with concentrations of anti-CXCR3 aAbs in the passive transfer model. CONCLUSIONS In individuals free of autoimmune disease, anti-CXCR3 aAbs were abundant, related to CV end-organ damage, and predicted all-cause death as well as cardiac morbidity and mortality in conjunction with the acceleration of experimental atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Müller
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc W Heidorn
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laurence Johanson
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent ten Cate
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Alejandro Pallares Robles
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Rapp
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lukas Brachaczek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Heidecke
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze-Forster
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ghaemi Kerahrodi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology (IMB), Working Group Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Mental Resilience, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Jürgen H Prochaska
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Lübeck (ZIEL), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Working Group Systems Medicine, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Popa-Fotea NM, Ferdoschi CE, Micheu MM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200341. [PMID: 37600028 PMCID: PMC10434786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of the improved medical and invasive treatment in terms of revascularization. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic, multi-step process in which inflammation is a ubiquitous component participating in the initiation, development, and entanglements of the atherosclerotic plaque. After activation, the immune system, either native or acquired, is part of the atherosclerotic dynamics enhancing the pro-atherogenic function of immune or non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or platelets, through mediators such as cytokines or directly by cell-to-cell interaction. Cytokines are molecules secreted by the activated cells mentioned above that mediate the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis whose function is to stimulate the immune cells and the production of further cytokines. This review provides insights of the cell axis activation and specific mechanisms and pathways through which inflammation actuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Elena Ferdoschi
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Berendzen A, Grisanti LA, Watkinson LD, Singh K, Hoffman TJ, Carmack T, Devanny EA, Tanner M, Kil KE. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule PET radiotracer for imaging of CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 37438543 PMCID: PMC10338423 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor and is expressed in innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells to the inflammatory site in response to the binding of cognate chemokines. Upregulation of CXCR3 and its chemokines has been found during atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, detection of CXCR3 by positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer can be a useful tool for detecting the development of atherosclerosis in a noninvasive manner. Herein, we report the synthesis, radiosynthesis, and characterization of a novel fluorine-18 (F-18, 18F) labeled small-molecule radiotracer for the imaging of the CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. RESULTS The reference standard 1 and its precursor 9 were synthesized over 5 steps from starting materials in good to moderate yields. The measured Ki values of CXCR3A and CXCR3B were 0.81 ± 0.02 nM and 0.31 ± 0.02 nM, respectively. [18F]1 was prepared by a two-step radiosynthesis with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 13 ± 2%, radiochemical purity > 99%, and specific activity of 44.4 ± 3.7 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (n = 6). The baseline studies showed that [18F]1 displayed high uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta and brown adipose tissue in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice fed with a high-fat diet over 12 weeks. The uptake of [18F]1 in these regions was reduced significantly in self-blocking studies, demonstrating CXCR3 binding specificity. Contrary to this, no significant differences in uptake of [18F]1 in the abdominal aorta of C57BL/6 control mice fed with a normal diet were observed in both baseline and blocking studies, indicating increased CXCR3 expression in atherosclerotic lesions. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated that [18F]1-positive regions were correlated with CXCR3 expression, but some atherosclerotic plaques with significant size were not detected by [18F]1, and their CXCR3 expressions were minimal. CONCLUSION [18F]1 was synthesized with good radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. In PET imaging studies, [18F]1 displayed CXCR3-specific uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta in ApoE KO mice. [18F]1 visualized CXCR3 expression in different regions in mice aligned with the tissue histology studies. Taken together, [18F]1 is a potential PET radiotracer for imaging CXCR3 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashley Berendzen
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lisa D Watkinson
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Kamlendra Singh
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Timothy J Hoffman
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Terry Carmack
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Devanny
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Miles Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Sanches MD, Goldberg TBL, Rizzo ADCB, da Silva VN, Mosca LN, Romagnoli GG, Gorgulho CM, Araujo Junior JP, de Lima GR, Betti IR, Kurokawa CS. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in obese adolescents with antibody against to adenovirus 36. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9918. [PMID: 37336969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in adolescents has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with the inflammatory response and viral infections. The aim of this study was to understand the profile of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with the inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents with positive serology for adenovirus 36 (ADV36). Thirty-six overweight, 36 obese, and 25 severe obesity adolescents aged 10 to 16 years were included in the study. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glucose, serum cytokine concentrations, and ADV36 antibodies. Cytokines and chemokines were quantified by cytometry and ADV36 serology was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed higher levels of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10 and of the chemokine interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in severe obesity adolescents compared to the obese and overweight groups, as well as in the group with MetS compared to the group without this syndrome. The frequency of ADV36-positive individuals did not differ between groups. The findings revealed differences in BMI between the obese and severe obesity groups versus the overweight group in the presence of positivity for ADV36, suggesting an association with weight gain and possibly MetS installation.
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Elseweidy MM, Elnagar GM, Elsawy MM, Zein N. Azelastine a potent antihistamine agent, as hypolipidemic and modulator for aortic calcification in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1611-1618. [PMID: 32615812 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our study aimed to illustrate the effect of the antihistaminic drug azelastine on aortic calcification in diabetic hyperlipidemic (DH) rats along with the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats were categorised into four groups. One group received normal rodent chow (normal group), while the other groups were rendered diabetic and hyperlipidemic; one received no drugs and served as a positive control while the other two groups received either azelastine (4 mg/kg) or 10-dehydrogingerdione (10 mg/kg) orally and daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS Azelastine significantly reduced blood glucose, HbA1c and serum ALP, OCN, downregulated apo B, improved the lipid profile (LDL-c decrease and HDL-c increase), attenuated calcium deposition and aortic calcification as compared to control group. 10-DHGD showed comparatively lower effect. CONCLUSION Anti-calcifying effect of azelastine might be related to upregulation of apo A (HDL-c) and downregulation of apo B mRNA expression indeed good modulator of aortic calcification. IMPACT STATEMENT Many studies have indicated that high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) is inversely correlated with atherosclerotic plaque progression and could reduce cardiovascular disease risk. An anti-calcifying effect of HDL-c has been reported and targeting this lipoprotein may therefore be a valuable approach to vascular calcification control. Azelastine is a selective H1 antagonist that was identified to increase mRNA expression of apolipoprotein A. This encouraged us to investigate the effect of azelastine on lipid profile and markers of aortic calcification in DH rats. Our findings showed that azelastine ameliorated aortic calcification and increased apoA expression along with a decline in apo B. This may represent the underlying mechanism while the histopathological findings offered a significant support to the collected biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gehad M Elnagar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Elsawy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabila Zein
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abdi Sarabi M, Shiri A, Aghapour M, Reichardt C, Brandt S, Mertens PR, Medunjanin S, Bruder D, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Weinert S. Normoxic HIF-1α Stabilization Caused by Local Inflammatory Factors and Its Consequences in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233878. [PMID: 36497143 PMCID: PMC9737288 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about normoxic hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization is limited. We investigated normoxic HIF-1α stabilization and its consequences using live cell imaging, immunoblotting, Bio-Plex multiplex immunoassay, immunofluorescence staining, and barrier integrity assays. We demonstrate for the first time that IL-8 and M-CSF caused HIF-1α stabilization and translocation into the nucleus under normoxic conditions in both human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) and HIF-1α-mKate2-expressing HEK-293 cells. In line with the current literature, our data show significant normoxic HIF-1α stabilization caused by TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β, and IGF-I in both cell lines, as well. Treatment with a cocktail consisting of TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-1β caused significantly stronger HIF-1α stabilization in comparison to single treatments. Interestingly, this cumulative effect was not observed during simultaneous treatment with IL-8, M-CSF, and IGF-I. Furthermore, we identified two different kinetics of HIF-1α stabilization under normoxic conditions. Our data demonstrate elevated protein levels of HIF-1α-related genes known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, we demonstrate an endothelial barrier dysfunction in HCAECs upon our treatments and during normoxic HIF-1α stabilization comparable to that under hypoxia. This study expands the knowledge of normoxic HIF-1α stabilization and activation and its consequences on the endothelial secretome and barrier function. Our data imply an active role of HIF-1α in vivo in the vasculature in the absence of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdi Sarabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alireza Shiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Senad Medunjanin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.C.B.-D.); (S.W.)
| | - Sönke Weinert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.C.B.-D.); (S.W.)
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8
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Gao X, DeSantis AJ, Enten GA, Weche M, Marcet JE, Majetschak M. Heteromerization between α 1B -adrenoceptor and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 biases α 1B -adrenoceptor signaling: Implications for vascular function. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2706-2716. [PMID: 35920096 PMCID: PMC9830583 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) heteromerizes with α1B -adrenoceptor (α1B -AR) in leukocytes, through which α1B -AR controls CCR2. Whether such heteromers are expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) is unknown. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer confirmed formation of recombinant CCR2:α1b -AR heteromers. Proximity ligation assays detected CCR2:α1B -AR heteromers in hVSMCs and human mesenteric arteries. CCR2:α1B -AR heteromerization per se enhanced α1B -AR-mediated Gαq -coupling. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) binding to CCR2 inhibited Gαq activation via α1B -AR, cross-recruited β-arrestin to and induced internalization of α1B -AR in recombinant systems and in hVSMCs. Our findings suggest that CCR2 within CCR2:α1B -AR heteromers biases α1B -AR signaling and provide a mechanism for previous observations suggesting a role for CCL2/CCR2 in the regulation of cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Gao
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J DeSantis
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Garrett A Enten
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - McWayne Weche
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jorge E Marcet
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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9
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Zhang C, Cheng N, Qiao B, Zhang F, Wu J, Liu C, Li Y, Du J. Age-related decline of interferon-gamma responses in macrophage impairs satellite cell proliferation and regeneration. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1291-1305. [PMID: 32725722 PMCID: PMC7567146 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired muscle regeneration and increased muscle fibrosis are observed in aged muscle accompanied by progressive loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. METHODS The differentiated expressed genes in young and aged muscles after acute injury by cardiotoxin were identified by RNA-sequence analysis. Single-cell RNA-sequence analysis was used to identify cell clusters and functions in young muscle after acute injury, and flow cytometry analysis and sorting were used to validate the function. The proliferation and differentiation functions of satellite cells were accessed by immunostaining with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC), respectively. Muscle regeneration ability was accessed by histopathological and molecular biological methods. RESULTS Gene expression patterns associated with responses to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (15 genes; false discovery rate < 0.001) were significantly down-regulated during muscle regeneration in aged mice (P = 2.25e-7). CD8+ T cells were the main source of increased IFN-γ after injury, adoptive transfer of wild-type CD8+ T cells to IFN-γ-deficient young mice resulted in 78% increase in cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of regenerated myofibres (P < 0.05) and 63% decrease in muscle fibrosis (P < 0.05) after injury. Single-cell RNA-sequence analysis identified a novel subset of macrophages [named as IFN-responsive macrophages (IFNRMs)] that specifically expressed IFN-responsive genes (Ifit3, Isg15, Irf7, etc.) in young mice at 3 days after injury, and the number of this macrophage subset was ~20% lower in aged mice at the same time (P < 0.05). IFNRMs secreted cytokine C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) that promoted the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells via its receptor, CXCR3. Intramuscular recombinant CXCL10 treatment in aged mice rejuvenated the proliferation of satellite cells (80% increase in Ki-67+ Pax7+ cells, P < 0.01) and resulted in 27% increase in CSA of regenerated myofibres (P < 0.01) and 29% decrease in muscle fibrosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that decline in IFN-γ response in a novel subset of macrophage contributes to satellite cells dysfunctions in aged skeletal muscles and demonstrates that this mechanism can be targeted to restore age-associated myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Naixuan Cheng
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bokang Qiao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry of Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Combined inhibition of Notch and FLT3 produces synergistic cytotoxic effects in FLT3/ITD + acute myeloid leukemia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:21. [PMID: 32296014 PMCID: PMC7067872 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and predict a poor prognosis. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide short-term clinical responses, but the long-term prognosis of FLT3/ITD+ AML patients remains poor. Notch signaling is important in numerous types of tumors. However, the role of Notch signaling in FLT3/ITD+ AML remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we found that Notch signaling was activated upon FLT3-TKI treatment in FLT3/ITD+ cell lines and primary cells. As Notch signaling can be blocked by γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), we examined the combinatorial antitumor efficacy of FLT3-TKIs and GSIs against FLT3/ITD+ AML and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. As a result, we observed synergistic cytotoxic effects, and the treatment preferentially reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in FLT3/ITD+ AML cell lines and in primary AML cells. Furthermore, the combination of FLT3-TKI and GSI eradicated leukemic cells and prolonged survival in an FLT3/ITD+ patient-derived xenograft AML model. Mechanistically, differential expression analysis suggested that CXCR3 may be partially responsible for the observed synergy, possibly through ERK signaling. Our findings suggest that combined therapies of FLT3-TKIs with GSI may be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat FLT3/ITD+ AML.
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11
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Zhou Y, He X, Liu R, Qin Y, Wang S, Yao X, Li C, Hu Z. LncRNA CRNDE regulates the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16205-16214. [PMID: 30740670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis after angioplasty or stent is a major clinical problem. While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in a variety of diseases, their role in restenosis is not well understood. This study aims to investigate how dysregulated lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) contribute to restenosis. By microarray analysis, we identified 202 lncRNAs and 625 mRNAs (fold change > 2.0, p < 0.05) differentially expressed between the balloon-injured carotid artery and uninjured carotid artery in the rats. Among differentially expressed lncRNAs, LncRNA CRNDE had the highest fold change and the change was validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that LncRNA CRNDE was significantly upregulated in injured rat carotid artery and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Knockdown of LncRNA CRNDE by small interference RNA significantly inhibited PDGF-BB stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, knockdown of LncRNA CRNDE attenuated PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic change of VSMCs. Taken together, our study reveals a novel mechanoresponsive LncRNA CRNDE which may be a therapeutic target for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Treatment, Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xuyu He
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Universitya, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Qin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Treatment, Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Treatment, Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chunying Li
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zuojun Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Treatment, Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
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12
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Adams B, Nunes JM, Page MJ, Roberts T, Carr J, Nell TA, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Parkinson's Disease: A Systemic Inflammatory Disease Accompanied by Bacterial Inflammagens. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:210. [PMID: 31507404 PMCID: PMC6718721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disease with a strong association established with systemic inflammation. Recently, the role of the gingipain protease group from Porphyromonas gingivalis was implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and here we present evidence, using a fluorescent antibody to detect gingipain R1 (RgpA), of its presence in a PD population. To further elucidate the action of this gingipain, as well as the action of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis, low concentrations of recombinant RgpA and LPS were added to purified fluorescent fibrinogen. We also substantiate previous findings regarding PD by emphasizing the presence of systemic inflammation via multiplex cytokine analysis, and demonstrate hypercoagulation using thromboelastography (TEG), confocal and electron microscopy. Biomarker analysis confirmed significantly increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. In our PD and control blood analysis, our results show increased hypercoagulation, the presence of amyloid formation in plasma, and profound ultrastructural changes to platelets. Our laboratory analysis of purified fibrinogen with added RgpA, and/or LPS, showed preliminary data with regards to the actions of the protease and the bacterial membrane inflammagen on plasma proteins, to better understand the nature of established PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büin Adams
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J Massimo Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Timothy Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo A Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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13
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Shen W, Anwaier G, Cao Y, Lian G, Chen C, Liu S, Tuerdi N, Qi R. Atheroprotective Mechanisms of Tilianin by Inhibiting Inflammation Through Down-Regulating NF-κB Pathway and Foam Cells Formation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31333487 PMCID: PMC6614704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilianin, a representative flavonoid ingredient of Dracocephalum moldavica L., has been used to treat several diseases for centuries, including atherosclerosis (AS). However, pharmacological mechanisms underlying its biological functions remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the anti-AS mechanisms of tilianin through establishing in vitro models using three types of cells that contributed to AS progression, including macrophage, vascular smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were proved to be involve in LPS/TNF-α/oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced inflammation and ox-LDL induced foam cell formation. Our results indicate that tilianin significantly suppressed LPS induced inflammatory responses on macrophage and remarkably inhibited TNF-α induced VSMCs proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of tilianin on macrophages and VSMCs was proved to be mainly by downregulating TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, our results demonstrate that tilianin significantly ameliorated ox-LDL induced macrophages oriented foam cells formation through repressing mRNA expression of SR-A1 and inducting the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux including SRB-1 and ABCA1. However, tilianin had no effect on ox-LDL induced HUVECs injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Nuerbiye Tuerdi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
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14
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Parker T, Wang KW, Manning D, Dart C. Soluble adenylyl cyclase links Ca 2+ entry to Ca 2+/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation in vascular smooth muscle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7317. [PMID: 31086231 PMCID: PMC6514005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-transcription coupling controls gene expression patterns that define vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype. Although not well understood this allows normally contractile VSMCs to become proliferative following vessel injury, a process essential for repair but which also contributes to vascular remodelling, atherogenesis and restenosis. Here we show that the Ca2+/HCO3--sensitive enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), links Ca2+ influx in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) to 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into hCASMCs expressing the FRET-based cAMP biosensor H187 induced a rise in cAMP that mirrored cytosolic [Ca2+]. SOCE also activated the cAMP effector, protein kinase A (PKA), as determined by the PKA reporter, AKAR4-NES, and induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and CREB. Transmembrane adenylyl cyclase inhibition had no effect on the SOCE-induced rise in cAMP, while sAC inhibition abolished SOCE-generated cAMP and significantly reduced SOCE-induced VASP and CREB phosphorylation. This suggests that SOCE in hCASMCs activates sAC which in turn activates the cAMP/PKA/CREB axis. sAC, which is insensitive to G-protein modulation but responsive to Ca2+, pH and ATP, may therefore act as an overlooked regulatory node in vascular Ca2+-transcription coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Parker
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Manning
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
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15
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Gao W, Li S, Xu Q, Zhu D, Zhang Q, Luo K, Zhang W. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 1a, CXCR1b, CXCR2, CXCR3a, CXCR3b, and CXCR4 after bacteria and poly I:C challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:572-586. [PMID: 30359750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) play critical roles in innate and adaptive immune systems. In this study, six Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) CXCRs (MaCXCR1-4) were identified and their molecular characterization and expression patterns were analyzed. The open reading frames (ORFs) of MaCXCR1a, MaCXCR1b, MaCXCR2, MaCXCR3a, MaCXCR3b, and MaCXCR4 were 1074 bp (base pairs), 1080 bp, 1125 bp, 1146 bp, 1083 bp, and 1140 bp, and encoded proteins of 357 aa (amino acids), 359 aa, 374 aa, 381 aa, 360 aa, and 379 aa, respectively. All these CXCRs have seven conserved transmembrane domains and four cysteines (with the exception of MaCXCR3b). Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the MaCXCRs possess a typical G-protein receptor family 1 signature and a DRY motif. There are also one to four potential N-glycosylation sites in the extracellular regions of the MaCXCRs, mainly distributed in the N-terminus and extracellular hydrophilic loop (ECL) 2 region. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the MaCXCRs were clustered together with homologous proteins from other fish. Taken together with the amino acid identity and similarity analysis, these results suggested that the MaCXCRs are conserved with other homologous genes, in which CXCR4 is more conserved than CXCR1-3. The MaCXCRs loci showed conserved synteny among teleost fish, and we found that human CXCR1 shares a common ancestor with fish CXCR1a. MaCXCRs were constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues (especially in immune-related tissues) with different expression levels, suggesting that the MaCXCRs have different roles in un-stimulated tissues, and may play vital roles under normal conditions. MaCXCRs showed different fold changes in the spleen after Aeromonas veronii and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenge, which suggested that MaCXCR1a and MaCXCR3a have longer antiviral activities compared with their antibacterial functions, and that MaCXCR1b possesses stronger antiviral than antibacterial activity. MaCXCR4 may play vital roles during bacterial and viral infection; however, MaCXCR2 has relatively small effect in antibacterial and antiviral responses. The differential responses of these genes to bacteria and poly I:C implied the differences in the mechanisms of defense against viruses and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai, 536006, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai, 536006, PR China
| | - Qiaoqing Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, PR China
| | - Dashi Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai, 536006, PR China
| | - Kai Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China.
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China.
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16
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Wang Y, Chen C, Wang Q, Cao Y, Xu L, Qi R. Inhibitory effects of cycloastragenol on abdominal aortic aneurysm and its related mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:282-296. [PMID: 30302749 PMCID: PMC6295405 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease affecting human health, but there are no safe and effective medications for AAA therapy. Cycloastragenol (CAG), derived from Astragali Radix, has various pharmacological effects. However, whether CAG can protect against AAA remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether CAG has an inhibitory effect on AAA and its related mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The AAA mouse model was induced by incubating the abdominal aorta with elastase. CAG was administered by gavage at different doses beginning on the same day or 14 days after inducing AAA to explore its preventive or therapeutic effects respectively. The preventive effects of CAG on AAA were verified in another AAA mouse model induced by angiotensin II in ApoE-/- mouse. In vitro experiments were implemented on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by TNF-α. KEY RESULTS Compared to the control AAA model group, CAG (125 mg·kg-1 body weight day-1 ) reduced the incidence of AAA, the dilatation of aorta and elastin degradation in media in both mouse models of AAA. CAG suppressed the inflammation, oxidation, phenotype switch and apoptosis in TNF-α-stimulated VSMCs, ameliorated the expression and activity of MMPs and decreased the activation of the ERK/JNK signalling pathway. CAG also inhibited the degradation of elastin in TNF-α-stimulated VSMCs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CAG presents protective effects against AAA through down-regulation of the MAPK signalling pathways and thus attenuates inflammation, oxidation, VSMC phenotype switch and apoptosis and the expression of MMPs as well as increasing elastin biosynthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Conformation
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sapogenins/administration & dosage
- Sapogenins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Qinyu Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Yini Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Rong Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
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17
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Samandari M, Julia MG, Rice A, Chronopoulos A, Del Rio Hernandez AE. Liquid biopsies for management of pancreatic cancer. Transl Res 2018; 201:98-127. [PMID: 30118658 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is asymptomatic at an early stage, and most diagnosis occurs when the disease is already at a late stage, by which time the tumor is nonresectable. In order to increase the overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, as well as to decrease the cancer burden, it is necessary to perform early diagnosis, prognosis stratifications and cancer monitoring using accurate, minimally invasive, and cost-effective methods. Liquid biopsies seek to detect tumor-associated biomarkers in a variety of extractable body fluids and can help to monitor treatment response and disease progression, and even predict patient outcome. In patients with pancreatic cancer, tumor-derived materials, primarily circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and exosomes, are being studied for inclusion in the management of the disease. This review focuses on describing the biology of these biomarkers, methods for their enrichment and detection, as well as their potential for clinical application. Moreover, we discuss the future direction of liquid biopsies and introduce how they can be exploited toward point of care personalized medicine for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - María Gil Julia
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E Del Rio Hernandez
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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18
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Hudson C, Kimura TE, Duggirala A, Sala-Newby GB, Newby AC, Bond M. Dual Role of CREB in The Regulation of VSMC Proliferation: Mode of Activation Determines Pro- or Anti-Mitogenic Function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4904. [PMID: 29559698 PMCID: PMC5861041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation has been implicated in the development of restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. We investigated the mechanisms underlying positive and negative regulation of VSMC proliferation by the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). Incubation with the cAMP elevating stimuli, adenosine, prostacyclin mimetics or low levels of forksolin activated CREB without changing CREB phosphorylation on serine-133 but induced nuclear translocation of the CREB co-factors CRTC-2 and CRTC-3. Overexpression of CRTC-2 or -3 significantly increased CREB activity and inhibited VSMC proliferation, whereas CRTC-2/3 silencing inhibited CREB activity and reversed the anti-mitogenic effects of adenosine A2B receptor agonists. By contrast, stimulation with serum or PDGFBB significantly increased CREB activity, dependent on increased CREB phosphorylation at serine-133 but not on CRTC-2/3 activation. CREB silencing significantly inhibited basal and PDGF induced proliferation. These data demonstrate that cAMP activation of CREB, which is CRTC2/3 dependent and serine-133 independent, is anti-mitogenic. Growth factor activation of CREB, which is serine-133-dependent and CRTC2/3 independent, is pro-mitogenic. Hence, CREB plays a dual role in the regulation of VSMC proliferation with the mode of activation determining its pro- or anti-mitogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hudson
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tomomi E Kimura
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Aparna Duggirala
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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19
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Cheng Y, Zhu Y, Xu J, Yang M, Chen P, Xu W, Zhao J, Geng L, Gong S. PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:13. [PMID: 29368606 PMCID: PMC5784528 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase N2 (PKN2) is a PKC-related serine/threonine-protein kinase. PKN2 is required for tumor cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. However, the functional role of PKN2 in regulating tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization in colon cancer has never been reported. METHODS PKN2 expression in human colon cancer tissues was examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC). M1/M2 macrophage signatures were evaluated by RT-PCR, IHC and flow cytometry. The effects of PKN2 on tumor growth and TAM polarization were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. PKN2 targeted cytokines/pathway were analyzed by gene expression analysis and further confirmed by PCR, luciferase assay or western blot. Correlations between PKN2 and transcriptional factors for IL4 and IL10 were confirmed by ChIP-qPCR. The catalytic activities of PKN2 and DUSP6 were determined by kinase activity assay. Interactions between PKN2 and DUSP6 were confirmed by Co-IP. RESULTS The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells predicted a favorable prognosis and was associated with low M2 macrophage content in human colon cancer tissues. PKN2 inhibited tumor growth in mice xenograft model and inhibited M2 phenotype polarization both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PKN2 suppresses the expression of IL4 and IL10 from colon cancer cells by inhibiting Erk1/2 phosphorylation, which is required for phosphorylation and binding of CREB and Elk-1 to the promoters of IL4 and IL10. DUSP6, which is phosphorylated and activated through direct association with PKN2, suppresses Erk1/2 activation. CONCLUSIONS The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells suppresses tumor associated M2 macrophage polarization and tumor growth. Targeting PKN2 signaling pathway may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Liver Tumor Center, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Min Yang
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Peiyu Chen
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
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20
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Wang C, Wang Y, Yu M, Chen C, Xu L, Cao Y, Qi R. Grape-seed Polyphenols Play a Protective Role in Elastase-induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9402. [PMID: 28839206 PMCID: PMC5570906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a kind of disease characterized by aortic dilation, whose pathogenesis is linked to inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether grape-seed polyphenols (GSP) has anti-AAA effects and what mechanism is involved, thus to find a way to prevent occurrence and inhibit expansion of small AAA. In our study, AAA was induced by incubating the abdominal aorta of the mice with elastase, and GSP was administrated to the mice by gavage at different doses beginning on the day of the AAA inducement. In in vivo experiments, 800 mg/kg GSP could significantly reduce the incidence of AAA, the dilatation of aorta and elastin degradation in media, and dramatically decrease macrophage infiltration and activation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and MMP-9 in the aorta, compared to the AAA model group. Meanwhile, 400 mg/kg GSP could also but not completely inhibit the occurrence and development of AAA. In in vitro experiments, GSP dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and significantly inhibited expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, thus prevented elastin from degradation. In conclusion, GSP showed great anti-AAA effects and its mechanisms were related to inhibition of inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Biomarkers
- Biopsy
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pancreatic Elastase/deficiency
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Polyphenols/chemistry
- Polyphenols/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/chemistry
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Seeds/chemistry
- Vitis/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Maomao Yu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
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