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Moghadam Fard A, Goodarzi P, Mottahedi M, Garousi S, Zadabhari H, Kalantari Shahijan M, Esmaeili S, Nabi-Afjadi M, Yousefi B. Therapeutic applications of melatonin in disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract and control of appetite. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5335-5362. [PMID: 38358468 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Most animals have large amounts of the special substance melatonin, which is controlled by the light/dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. According to what is now understood, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and other areas of the body are sites of melatonin production. According to recent studies, the GIT and adjacent organs depend critically on a massive amount of melatonin. Not unexpectedly, melatonin's many biological properties, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastasis, and antiangiogenic properties, have drawn the attention of researchers more and more. Because melatonin is an antioxidant, it produces a lot of secretions in the GIT's mucus and saliva, which shields cells from damage and promotes the development of certain GIT-related disorders. Melatonin's ability to alter cellular behavior in the GIT and other associated organs, such as the liver and pancreas, is another way that it functions. This behavior alters the secretory and metabolic activities of these cells. In this review, we attempted to shed fresh light on the many roles that melatonin plays in the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract by focusing on its activities for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pardis Goodarzi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Zadabhari
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Faculty, Medipol University Health of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Saeedeh Esmaeili
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Chen SJ, Chien HC, Tsai SH, Jheng YS, Chen Y, Hsieh PS, Tsui PF, Chien S, Tsai MC. Melatonin Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability by Regulating PPARδ-Associated Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12988. [PMID: 38982751 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture, the leading cause of fatal atherothrombotic events, is associated with an increased risk of mortality worldwide. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) has been shown to modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching, and, hence, atherosclerotic plaque stability. Melatonin reportedly plays a beneficial role in cardiovascular diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying improvements in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability remain unknown. In this study, we assessed the role of melatonin in regulating SMC phenotypic switching and its consequential contribution to the amelioration of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and explored the mechanisms underlying this process. We analyzed features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and markers of SMC phenotypic transition in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice and human aortic SMCs (HASMCs). Melatonin reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and necrotic core area while enhancing collagen content, fibrous cap thickness, and smooth muscle alpha-actin positive cell coverage on the plaque cap, which are all known phenotypic characteristics of vulnerable plaques. In atherosclerotic lesions, melatonin significantly decreased the synthetic SMC phenotype and KLF4 expression and increased the expression of PPARδ, but not PPARα and PPARγ, in HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice. These results were subsequently confirmed in the melatonin-treated HASMCs. Further analysis using PPARδ silencing and immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PPARδ plays a role in the melatonin-induced SMC phenotype switching from synthetic to contractile. Collectively, we provided the first evidence that melatonin mediates its protective effect against plaque destabilization by enhancing PPARδ-mediated SMC phenotypic switching, thereby indicating the potential of melatonin in treating atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Mice
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4/metabolism
- Humans
- PPAR delta/metabolism
- PPAR delta/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Phenotype
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chien
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Jheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Fen Tsui
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Medicine, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Peng F, Lu J, Su K, Liu X, Luo H, He B, Wang C, Zhang X, An F, Lv D, Luo Y, Su Q, Jiang T, Deng Z, He B, Xu L, Guo T, Xiang J, Gu C, Wang L, Xu G, Xu Y, Li M, Kelley KW, Cui B, Liu Q. Oncogenic fatty acid oxidation senses circadian disruption in sleep-deficiency-enhanced tumorigenesis. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1598-1618.e11. [PMID: 38772364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian disruption predicts poor cancer prognosis, yet how circadian disruption is sensed in sleep-deficiency (SD)-enhanced tumorigenesis remains obscure. Here, we show fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as a circadian sensor relaying from clock disruption to oncogenic metabolic signal in SD-enhanced lung tumorigenesis. Both unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that FAO senses SD-induced circadian disruption, as illustrated by continuously increased palmitoyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA) catalyzed by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). Mechanistically, SD-dysregulated CLOCK hypertransactivates ACSL1 to produce PA-CoA, which facilitates CLOCK-Cys194 S-palmitoylation in a ZDHHC5-dependent manner. This positive transcription-palmitoylation feedback loop prevents ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of CLOCK, causing FAO-sensed circadian disruption to maintain SD-enhanced cancer stemness. Intriguingly, timed β-endorphin resets rhythmic Clock and Acsl1 expression to alleviate SD-enhanced tumorigenesis. Sleep quality and serum β-endorphin are negatively associated with both cancer development and CLOCK/ACSL1 expression in patients with cancer, suggesting dawn-supplemented β-endorphin as a potential chronotherapeutic strategy for SD-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Keyu Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huandong Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Cenxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fan An
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dekang Lv
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qitong Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tonghui Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Deng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Soochow University Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mindian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Cai T, Xu X, Dong L, Liang S, Xin M, Wang T, Li T, Wang X, Zheng W, Wang C, Xu Z, Wang M, Song X, Li L, Li J, Sun W. Oroxin A from Oroxylum indicum improves disordered lipid metabolism by inhibiting SREBPs in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-fed non-insulin-resistant rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29168. [PMID: 38617966 PMCID: PMC11015455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism disorders have become a major global public health issue. Due to the complexity of these diseases, additional research and drugs are needed. Oroxin A, the major component of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (Bignoniaceae), can improve the lipid profiles of diabetic and insulin-resistant (IR) rats. Because insulin resistance is strongly correlated with lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance may also constitute an effective strategy for improving lipid metabolism. Thus, additional research on the efficacy and mechanism of oroxin An under non-IR conditions is needed. Methods In this study, we established lipid metabolism disorder model rats by high-fat diet feeding and fatty HepG2 cell lines by treatment with oleic acid and evaluated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of oroxin A in vitro and in vivo through biochemical indicator analysis, pathological staining, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Results Oroxin A improved disordered lipid metabolism under non-IR conditions, improved the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, and enhanced the lipid-lowering action of atorvastatin. Additionally, oroxin A reduced the total triglyceride (TG) levels by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression and reducing the expression of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in vivo and in vitro. Oroxin A also reduced the total cholesterol (TC) levels by inhibiting SREBP2 expression and reducing HMGCR expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, oroxin A bound to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and increased AMPK phosphorylation. Conclusions Our results suggested that oroxin A may modulate the nuclear transcriptional activity of SREBPs by binding to LDLR proteins and increasing AMPK phosphorylation. Oroxin A may thus reduce lipid synthesis and could be used for the treatment and prevention of lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317700, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
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Fang H, Li Q, Wang H, Ren Y, Zhang L, Yang L. Maternal nutrient metabolism in the liver during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295677. [PMID: 38572473 PMCID: PMC10987773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver plays pivotal roles in nutrient metabolism, and correct hepatic adaptations are required in maternal nutrient metabolism during pregnancy. In this review, hepatic nutrient metabolism, including glucose metabolism, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and protein and amino acid metabolism, is first addressed. In addition, recent progress on maternal hepatic adaptations in nutrient metabolism during pregnancy is discussed. Finally, the factors that regulate hepatic nutrient metabolism during pregnancy are highlighted, and the factors include follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, prostaglandins fibroblast growth factor 21, serotonin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, melatonin, adrenal hormone, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin glucagon and thyroid hormone. Our vision is that more attention should be paid to liver nutrient metabolism during pregnancy, which will be helpful for utilizing nutrient appropriately and efficiently, and avoiding liver diseases during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ying Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Kim JI, Cheon HG. Melatonin ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via the melatonin receptor 2-mediated upregulation of BMAL1 and anti-oxidative enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176337. [PMID: 38246330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, when left untreated, causes serious health problems that progress to cirrhosis and, in some cases, liver cancer. Activation of hepatic stellate cells may be a key characteristic in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, exerts anti-fibrotic effects; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the beneficial effects of melatonin against hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and in vivo murine animal models. The results showed that melatonin suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced fibrosis markers and production of reactive oxygen species in LX-2 cells. Either 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin, a melatonin receptor 2 selective antagonist, or melatonin receptor 2 small interfering RNA abolished the suppressive effects of melatonin, suggesting the involvement of melatonin receptor 2 in melatonin-induced anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative actions. Melatonin increased the expression of the brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (BMAL1), a positive circadian clock gene. BMAL1 knockdown reduced the anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative effects of melatonin, demonstrating the protective effects of melatonin against TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation by exhibiting melatonin receptor 2-BMAL1-anti-oxidative effects. In high-fat diet-induced and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis models, oral melatonin administration decreased the expression of hepatic fibrosis markers and increased the expression of messenger RNA and levels of proteins of BMAL1 and melatonin receptor 2. Thus, melatonin exerted protective effects against hepatic fibrosis through melatonin receptor 2 activation, followed by an upregulation of the BMAL1-anti-oxidative enzyme pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Lee R, Lee WY, Park HJ. Effects of Melatonin on Liver of D-Galactose-Induced Aged Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8412-8426. [PMID: 37886973 PMCID: PMC10604925 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland of vertebrates, regulates sleep, blood pressure, and circadian and seasonal rhythms, and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the protective effects of melatonin against markers of D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced hepatocellular aging, including liver inflammation, hepatocyte structural damage, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Mice were divided into four groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control), D-Gal (200 mg/kg/day), melatonin (20 mg/kg), and D-Gal (200 mg/kg) and melatonin (20 mg) cotreatment. The treatments were administered once daily for eight consecutive weeks. Melatonin treatment alleviated D-Gal-induced hepatocyte impairment. The AST level was significantly increased in the D-Gal-treated groups compared to that in the control group, while the ALT level was decreased compared to the melatonin and D-Gal cotreated group. Inflammatory genes, such as IL1-β, NF-κB, IL-6, TNFα, and iNOS, were significantly increased in the D-Gal aging model, whereas the expression levels of these genes were low in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. Interestingly, the expression levels of hepatic steatosis-related genes, such as LXRα, C/EBPα, PPARα, ACC, ACOX1, and CPT-1, were markedly decreased in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. These results suggest that melatonin suppresses hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of D-Gal-induced aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
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Ku H, Kim Y, Kim AL, Lee G, Choi Y, Kim B. Protective Effects of Melatonin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis via Decreased Intestinal Lipid Absorption and Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:557-567. [PMID: 37652870 PMCID: PMC10613779 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The preventative effect of melatonin on the development of obesity and the progression of fatty liver under a high-fat diet (HFD) has been well elucidated through previous studies. We investigated the mechanism behind this effect regarding cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation of cholesterol levels. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: normal chow diet (NCD); HFD; and HFD and melatonin administration group (HFD+M). We assessed the serum lipid profile, mRNA expression levels of proteins involved in cholesterol synthesis and reabsorption in the liver and nutrient transporters in the intestines, and cytokine levels. Additionally, an in vitro experiment using HepG2 cells was performed. RESULTS Expression of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) demonstrated that melatonin administration significantly reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis in mice fed an HFD. Expression of intestinal sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), GLUT5, and Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) demonstrated that melatonin administration significantly reduces intestinal carbohydrate and lipid absorption in mice fed an HFD. There were no differences in local and circulatory inflammatory cytokine levels among the NCD, HFD, and HFD+M group. HepG2 cells stimulated with palmitate showed reduced levels of SREBP, LDLR, and HMGCR indicating these results are due to the direct mechanistic effect of melatonin on hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data indicate the mechanism behind the protective effects of melatonin from weight gain and liver steatosis under HFD is through a reduction in intestinal caloric absorption and hepatic cholesterol synthesis highlighting its potential in the treatment of obesity and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjune Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Alvin Lyle Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Garam Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngsik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Bukyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Son JE, Jo JY, Kim S, Park MJ, Lee Y, Park SS, Park SY, Jung SM, Jung SK, Kim JY, Byun S. Rice Bran Extract Suppresses High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Hepatosteatosis through Targeting AMPK and STAT3 Signaling. Nutrients 2023; 15:3630. [PMID: 37630819 PMCID: PMC10457887 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, is abundant in bioactive molecules and is highly recognized for its health-promoting properties, particularly in improving metabolic conditions. Building on this knowledge, we aimed to optimize the extraction conditions to maximize the functional efficacy of rice bran extract (RBE) and further validate its impact on lipid metabolism. We found that the optimized RBE (ORBE) significantly suppressed high-fat diet-induced weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hepatosteatosis in mouse models. ORBE treatment not only suppressed lipid uptake in vivo, but also reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Importantly, we discovered that ORBE administration resulted in activation of AMPK and inhibition of STAT3, which are both crucial players in lipid metabolism in the liver. Collectively, ORBE potentially offers promise as a dietary intervention strategy against hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis. This study underlines the value of optimized extraction conditions in enhancing the functional efficacy of rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Eun Son
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Jay-Young Jo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - San Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shil Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.Y.P.)
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10
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Li N, Liu X, Lei Y, Wang B, Li Z. Melatonin Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Damage through PPARα/FAO Regulation. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1503-1511. [PMID: 36006825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that melatonin ameliorated acute renal injury induced by cisplatin, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Peroxidase proliferative receptor α (PPARα) is considered the major regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is an important source of energy for renal tubular epithelial cells. In this study, the aim was to investigate the role of melatonin in cisplatin-induced NRK-52E (rat renal tubular epithelial cell line) cell damage and the underlying mechanisms. We established a cisplatin-stimulated NRK-52E model in vitro. We assessed the levels of apoptotic proteins, including caspase-3, caspase-9, and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), as well as PPARα and FAO-related genes (Acadm, Acat1, Acsm2, Acsm3, PGC-1α, Pecr, Bdh2, and Echs1). Furthermore, we detected the effects of miR-21 and PPARα antagonist on the above indicators. We found that melatonin reduced the protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax, and increased the expression levels of the PPARα gene and protein and PPARα activity, as well as FAO-related genes, in NRK-52E cells. However, miR-21 mimics and PPARα antagonists partially antagonized the above effects of melatonin. Our data indicated that melatonin could alleviate cisplatin-induced cell damage through the upregulation of PPARα/FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanfei Lei
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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11
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Shi L, Karrar E, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Comparative effects of sesame lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in steatosis HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14180. [PMID: 35396857 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be attributed to the imbalance between lipogenesis and lipidolysis in the liver. Sesame lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) are unique bioactive compounds responsible for the nutritional function of sesame oils. However, the preventive effects of three lignans on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in steatosis HepG2 cells have not been compared. In this study, we investigated the role of sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol on hepatic lipid accumulation and explored the underlying mechanism via a well-established cell model. The results showed that 3 μg/ml of lignans could decrease the TG/TC contents and alleviate cellular oxidative stress, with an order of the lipid-lowering effect as sesamol > sesamin > sesamolin. The lignan-activated AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways enhanced gene and protein expressions related to fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol efflux, and catabolism. Meanwhile, treatment of the steatosis HepG2 cells with sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol reduced lipid synthesis and cholesterol uptake, thus lowering intracellular lipogenesis in the process of NAFLD. Our data suggested that sesame lignans can attenuate oxidative stress and regulate lipid metabolism in liver cells, which may be potential therapeutic agents for treating the NAFLD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present work demonstrated that sesame lignans can be used for dietary supplements or functional additives with excellent lipid-lowering effects. Furthermore, this study supplied potential molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD treatment process, and also provided nutritional guidelines for sesame oil evaluation and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkai Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Aromatic Acids and Leucine Derivatives Produced from the Deep-Sea Actinomycetes Streptomyceschumphonensis SCSIO15079 with Antihyperlipidemic Activities. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040259. [PMID: 35447932 PMCID: PMC9026450 DOI: 10.3390/md20040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Six new aromatic acids (1–6) and three new leucine derivatives containing an unusual oxime moiety (7–9) were isolated and identified from the deep-sea-derived actinomycetes strain Streptomyces chumphonensis SCSIO15079, together with two known compounds (10–11). The structures of 1–9 including absolute configurations were determined by detailed NMR, MS, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1–9 were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities, as well as their effects on intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Compounds 3 and 4, with the most potent inhibitory activity on intracellular lipid accumulation at 10 μM, were revealed with potential antihyperlipidemic effects, although the mechanism needs to be further studied.
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13
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Sun T, Wang D, Wang B, Liu X, Li N, Shi K. Melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice: Involvement of PPARα and fatty acid oxidation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112970. [PMID: 35367536 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice and its possible mechanism of action in relation to the major regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), peroxidase proliferative receptor α (PPARα). The experiment consisted of the following four groups: vehicle control, cisplatin (15 mg/kg), cisplatin & melatonin (20 mg/kg/day), and melatonin (20 mg/kg/day). Concomitant administration of melatonin significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice by decreasing serum levels of triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, reducing the number and size of lipid droplets in tubular epithelial cells, and decreasing the incidence of histopathological changes including tubular cell apoptosis. Moreover, melatonin administration protected kidney tissue by significantly upregulating the levels of PPARα reduced by cisplatin injection, resulting in increased FAO pathway-associated genes (PGC-1a, Acadm, Acat1, Acsm2, Acsm3, Bdh2, Echs and Pecr) as well as reducing protein levels of caspase-3, -9 and Bax. Melatonin not only partially modulated FAO via PPARα signaling, but also decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the caspase-3, -9 and Bax pathways. Our findings suggest that melatonin prevents cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice, possibly by upregulating the expression of PPARα, resulting in enhanced FAO and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China.
| | - Ke Shi
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
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14
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Vaspin attenuates steatosis-induced fibrosis via GRP78 receptor by targeting AMPK signaling pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:185-197. [PMID: 35001345 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that is rapidly becoming a public health problem. An imbalance in lipid distribution to the hepatocytes and metabolism causes hepatocyte steatosis. Vaspin is a newly discovered adipokine that has been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders. The effects of vaspin on steatosis and fibrosis pathogenesis and related mechanisms are unclear. Thus, this study investigated the molecular mechanism of vaspin on hepatocyte steatosis and fibrosis. HepG2 cells were treated with 1.2 mM free fatty acid and the intracellular lipid values were measured by flow cytometry and Nile red assay. RT-qPCR was used to assess the effect of vaspin and blocking of the GRP78 receptor on the expression of lipogenesis, oxidation, uptake, and secretion of fatty acid (FA), as well as AMPK activity. In co-cultured HepG2 and LX-2 cell lines, the expression of main proteins of hepatocyte fibrosis was analyzed using Western blot analysis. In the HepG2 cell line, we discovered that vaspin increased oxidation, FA secretion and gene expression, and AMPK activity and decreased lipogenesis and FA uptake and gene expression. Western blot analysis in co-cultured HepG2 and LX-2 cell lines showed that α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein expression decreased. The data demonstrated that vaspin acts as a novel regulator of hepatocyte steatosis through the GRP78 receptor, effectively reducing hepatocyte fibrosis through AMPK activation and decreasing NF-κB gene expression.
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15
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Wang S, Tao J, Chen H, Kandadi MR, Sun M, Xu H, Lopaschuk GD, Lu Y, Zheng J, Peng H, Ren J. Ablation of Akt2 and AMPK α2 rescues high fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis through Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3508-3526. [PMID: 34900533 PMCID: PMC8642450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the opposing effects of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on metabolic homeostasis, this study examined the effects of deletion of Akt2 and AMPKα2 on fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Akt2-Ampkα2 double knockout (DKO) mice were placed on high fat diet for 5 months. Glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, cardiac function, lipid accumulation, and hepatic steatosis were examined. DKO mice were lean without anthropometric defects. High fat intake led to adiposity and decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in wild-type (WT) mice, which were ablated in DKO but not Akt2 -/- and Ampkα2 -/- mice. High fat intake increased blood and hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol, promoted hepatic steatosis and injury in WT mice. These effects were eliminated in DKO but not Akt2 -/- and Ampkα2 -/- mice. Fat diet promoted fat accumulation, and enlarged adipocyte size, the effect was negated in DKO mice. Fat intake elevated fatty acid synthase (FAS), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (CHREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), PPARγ, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and diglyceride O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), the effect was absent in DKO but not Akt2 -/- and Ampkα2 -/- mice. Fat diet dampened mitophagy, promoted inflammation and phosphorylation of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and AMPKα1 (Ser485), the effects were eradicated by DKO. Deletion of Parkin effectively nullified DKO-induced metabolic benefits against high fat intake. Liver samples from obese humans displayed lowered microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), Pink1, Parkin, as well as enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK (Ser485), and FoxO1, which were consolidated by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and mass spectrometry analyses from rodent and human livers. These data suggest that concurrent deletion of Akt2 and AMPKα2 offers resilience to fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis, possibly through preservation of Parkin-mediated mitophagy and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200044, China
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Machender R. Kandadi
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Medprime Health Services LLC, Paris, TX 75460, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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16
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Phenolic Compounds from Mori Cortex Ameliorate Sodium Oleate-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis in NRK-52e Cells through CD36. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206133. [PMID: 34684716 PMCID: PMC8540367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid deposition in the kidney can cause serious damage to the kidney, and there is an obvious epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in the late stage. To investigate the interventional effects and mechanisms of phenolic compounds from Mori Cortex on the EMT and fibrosis induced by sodium oleate-induced lipid deposition in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e cells), and the role played by CD36 in the adjustment process, NRK-52e cells induced by 200 μmol/L sodium oleate were given 10 μmoL/L moracin-P-2″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Y-1), moracin-P-3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Y-2), moracin-P-3′-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (Y-3), and moracin-P-3′-O-[β-glucopyranoside-(1→2)arabinopyranoside] (Y-4), and Oil Red O staining was used to detect lipid deposition. A Western blot was used to detect lipid deposition-related protein CD36, inflammation-related protein (p-NF-κB-P65, NF-κB-P65, IL-1β), oxidative stress-related protein (NOX1, Nrf2, Keap1), EMT-related proteins (CD31, α-SMA), and fibrosis-related proteins (TGF-β, ZEB1, Snail1). A qRT-PCR test detected inflammation, EMT, and fibrosis-related gene mRNA levels. The TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA, and the colorimetric method was used to detects SOD and MDA levels. The ROS was measured by flow cytometry. A high-content imaging analysis system was applied to observe EMT and fibrosis-related proteins. At the same time, the experiment silenced CD36 and compared the difference between before and after drug treatment, then used molecular docking technology to predict the potential binding site of the active compounds with CD36. The research results show that sodium oleate can induce lipid deposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in NRK-52e cells. Y-1 and Y-2 could significantly ameliorate the damage caused by sodium oleate, and Y-2 had a better ameliorating effect, while there was no significant change in Y-3 or Y-4. The amelioration effect of Y-1 and Y-2 disappeared after silencing CD36. Molecular docking technology showed that the Y-1 and Y-2 had hydrogen bonds to CD36 and that, compared with Y-1, Y-2 requires less binding energy. In summary, moracin-P-2″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and moracin-P-3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside from Mori Cortex ameliorated lipid deposition, EMT, and fibrosis induced by sodium oleate in NRK-52e cells through CD36.
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Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Oleate on Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Proteins and Cell Viability in HepG2 Cells: Comparison with Palmitate Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189812. [PMID: 34575980 PMCID: PMC8468319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairments in dynamic behavior (fusion/fission balance) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in cell lipotoxicity and lipid-induced metabolic diseases. The present work aimed to evaluate dose- and time-dependent effects of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate on mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in comparison with the saturated fatty acid palmitate in hepatic cells. To this end, HepG-2 cells were treated with 0, 10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, 250 μM or 500 μM of either oleate or palmitate for 8 or 24 h. Cell viability and lipid accumulation were evaluated to assess lipotoxicity. Mitochondrial markers of fusion (mitofusin 2, MFN2) and fission (dynamin-related protein 1, DRP1) processes were evaluated by Western blot analysis. After 8 h, the highest dose of oleate induced a decrease in DRP1 content without changes in MFN2 content in association with cell viability maintenance, whereas palmitate induced a decrease in cell viability associated with a decrease mainly in MFN2 content. After 24 h, oleate induced MFN2 increase, whereas palmitate induced DRP1 increase associated with a higher decrease in cell viability with high doses compared to oleate. This finding could be useful to understand the role of mitochondria in the protective effects of oleate as a bioactive compound.
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Joshi A, Upadhyay KK, Vohra A, Shirsath K, Devkar R. Melatonin induces Nrf2-HO-1 reprogramming and corrections in hepatic core clock oscillations in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21803. [PMID: 34365685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002556rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin pleiotropically regulates physiological events and has a putative regulatory role in the circadian clock desynchrony-mediated Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated perturbations in the hepatic circadian clock gene, and Nrf2-HO-1 oscillations in conditions of high-fat high fructose (HFHF) diet and/or jet lag (JL)-mediated NAFLD. Melatonin treatment (100 µM) to HepG2 cells led to an improvement in oscillatory pattern of clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, and Per) in oleic acid (OA)-induced circadian desynchrony, while Cry, Nrf2, and HO-1 remain oblivious of melatonin treatment that was also validated by circwave analysis. C57BL/6J mice subjected to HFHF and/or JL, and treated with melatonin showed an improvement in the profile of lipid regulatory genes (CPT-1, PPARa, and SREBP-1c), liver function (AST and ALT) and histomorphology of fatty liver. A detailed scrutiny revealed that hepatic mRNA and protein profiles of Bmal1 (at ZT6) and Clock (at ZT12) underwent corrective changes in oscillations, but moderate corrections were recorded in other components of clock genes (Per1, Per2, and Cry2). Melatonin induced changes in oscillations of anti-oxidant genes (Nrf2, HO-1, and Keap1) subtly contributed in the overall improvement in NAFLD recorded herein. Taken together, melatonin induced reprograming of hepatic core clock and Nrf2-HO-1 genes leads to an improvement in HFHF/JL-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Joshi
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kapil K Upadhyay
- Department of Internal medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kavita Shirsath
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Sun W, Liu P, Yang B, Wang M, Wang T, Sun W, Wang X, Zheng W, Song X, Li J. A network pharmacology approach: Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway contributes to the NASH preventative effect of an Oroxylum indicum seed extract in oleic acid-stimulated HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-fed rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153498. [PMID: 33640247 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has significantly increased in recent years and has become an important public health issue. However, no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved first-line drug is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH; therefore, research on new drugs is currently a hot topic. Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Kurz is extensively distributed in South China and South Asia and has many biological activities. However, its effects on NAFLD or even NASH and the corresponding mechanisms are still not clear. PURPOSE To investigate the effect and mechanism of O. indicum seed extract (OISE) on preventing anti-inflammatory action in the progression from simple nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to NASH. METHODS A network pharmacology method to construct ingredient-target networks and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of OISE in NASH were constructed for topological analyses and hub-target screening. Enrichment analyses were performed to identify the critical biological processes and signaling pathways. Simultaneously, in vitro and in vivo experiments investigated the effect and mechanism of OISE, baicalein, and chrysin on inflammation by biochemical indicator detection, luciferase reporters, pathological staining, and immunoblotting in oleic acid-stimulated HepG2 cells or in high-fat diet-fed rats. RESULTS The network pharmacology showed that OISE prevented the development and progression of NAFL into NASH through various pathways and targets and that the nuclear factor NF-κB (NF-κB) pathway regulated by baicalein and chrysin played an important role in the treatment of NASH. In in vitro experiments, we further showed that OISE and its ingredients, namely, baicalein and chrysin, all improved the inflammatory status in oleic acid-stimulated HepG2 cells, inhibited the nuclear transcriptional activities of NF-κB, increased the IκB level, and decreased the phosphorylation level of NF-κB. Furthermore, in a high-fat diet-induced NASH model in rats, we also showed that OISE prevented the development and progression of NASH by inhibiting the nuclear transcriptional activity of NF-κB. CONCLUSION OISE suppressed inflammatory responses and prevented the development and progression of NAFL into NASH through inhibition of the nuclear transcriptional activity of NF-κB. OISE may be used to treat NAFLD through many functions, including an increase in insulin sensitivity, a decrease in lipid accumulation in the liver, suppression of inflammation, and clearance of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China.
| | - Panpan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Bendong Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317700, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China.
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China.
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Veronesi VB, Pioli MR, de Souza DN, Teixeira CJ, Murata GM, Santos-Silva JC, Hecht FB, Vicente JM, Bordin S, Anhê GF. Agomelatine reduces circulating triacylglycerides and hepatic steatosis in fructose-treated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111807. [PMID: 34120066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine (AGO) is an antidepressant drug with agonistic activity at melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and MT2 and with neutral antagonistic activity at serotonin receptor 5-HT2C. Although experimental studies show that melatonin reduces hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by excessive fructose intake, no studies have tested if AGO exerts similar actions. To address this issue we have treated male Wistar rats with fructose (15% in the drinking water) and/or AGO (40 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. AGO reduced body weight gain, feeding efficiency and hepatic lipid levels without affecting caloric intake in fructose-treated rats. AGO has also decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and circulating TAG levels after an oral load with olive oil. Accordingly, treatment with AGO reduced the hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn), a limiting step for hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNLG). The expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) in the ileum, two crucial proteins for intestinal lipoprotein production, were also downregulated by treatment with AGO. Altogether, the present data show that AGO mimics the metabolic benefits of melatonin when used in fructose-treated rats. This study also suggests that it is relevant to evaluate the potential of AGO to treat metabolic disorders in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barbosa Veronesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Pioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dailson Nogueira de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Carolina Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ballerini Hecht
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Modesto Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Kim JS, Jung YH, Lee HJ, Chae CW, Choi GE, Lim JR, Kim SY, Lee JE, Han HJ. Melatonin activates ABCA1 via the BiP/NRF1 pathway to suppress high-cholesterol-induced apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:114. [PMID: 33546749 PMCID: PMC7866631 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retarded wound healing in patients with obesity contributes to a risk of complications associated with vascular insufficiency and oxidative stress. The high cholesterol levels of patients with obesity are associated with apoptosis of engrafted umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs). Melatonin contributes to the prevention of cholesterol accumulation in patients with obesity via a mechanism that is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in cholesterol-induced apoptosis. METHODS The protective effects of melatonin on cholesterol-induced apoptosis were investigated in UCB-MSCs. We used a mouse model of induced obesity to show that melatonin treatment restored the survival rate of transplanted UCB-MSCs and their wound-healing capacity. The mean values of the treatment groups were compared with those of the control group using Student's t test, and differences among three or more groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Melatonin treatment increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), which reduced cholesterol accumulation and cholesterol-induced apoptosis. The mouse skin wound healing model showed that melatonin treatment restored the survival rate of transplanted UCB-MSCs and the wound-healing capacity of obese mice. Melatonin inhibited the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) through the regulation of MT2/Sp1-dependent microRNA-597-5p. Melatonin decreased the co-localization of BiP with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NRF1), which resulted in increased ABCA1 expression. CONCLUSION Melatonin induced the efflux of intracellular cholesterol through ABCA1 to decrease apoptosis of UCB-MSCs via an MT2-dependent BiP/NRF1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Potential Role of Melatonin as an Adjuvant for Atherosclerotic Carotid Arterial Stenosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040811. [PMID: 33557283 PMCID: PMC7914857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is an atherosclerotic disease characterized by a narrowing of the artery lumen and a high risk of ischemic stroke. Risk factors of atherosclerosis, including smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, aging, and disrupted circadian rhythm, may potentiate atherosclerosis in the carotid artery and further reduce the arterial lumen. Ischemic stroke due to severe CAS and cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury after the revascularization of CAS also adversely affect clinical outcomes. Melatonin is a pluripotent agent with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties. Although there is a shortage of direct clinical evidence demonstrating the benefits of melatonin in CAS patients, previous studies have shown that melatonin may be beneficial for patients with CAS in terms of reducing endothelial damage, stabilizing arterial plaque, mitigating the harm from CAS-related ischemic stroke and cerebral I/R injury, and alleviating the adverse effects of the related risk factors. Additional pre-clinical and clinical are required to confirm this speculation.
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23
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Melatonin regulates Aβ production/clearance balance and Aβ neurotoxicity: A potential therapeutic molecule for Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110887. [PMID: 33254429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with multiple predisposing factors and complicated pathogenesis. Aβ peptide is one of the most important pathogenic factors in the etiology of AD. Accumulating evidence indicates that the imbalance of Aβ production and Aβ clearance in the brain of AD patients leads to Aβ deposition and neurotoxic Aβ oligomer formation. Melatonin shows a potent neuroprotective effect and can prevent or slow down the progression of AD, supporting the view that melatonin is a potential therapeutic molecule for AD. Melatonin modulates the regulatory network of secretase expression and affects the function of secretase, thereby inhibiting amyloidogenic APP processing and Aβ production. Additionally, melatonin ameliorates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and probably promotes Aβ clearance through glymphatic-lymphatic drainage, BBB transportation and degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of melatonin against Aβ-dependent AD pathogenesis. We explore the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of melatonin on Aβ production and assembly, Aβ clearance, Aβ neurotoxicity and circadian cycle disruption. We summarize multiple clinical trials of melatonin treatment in AD patients, showing that melatonin has a promising effect on improving sleep quality and cognitive function. This review aims to stimulate further research on melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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24
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Rodríguez C, Puente-Moncada N, Reiter RJ, Sánchez-Sánchez AM, Herrera F, Rodríguez-Blanco J, Duarte-Olivenza C, Turos-Cabal M, Antolín I, Martín V. Regulation of cancer cell glucose metabolism is determinant for cancer cell fate after melatonin administration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:27-40. [PMID: 32725819 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several oncogenic pathways plus local microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia, converge on the regulation of cancer cells metabolism. The major metabolic alteration consists of a shift from oxidative phosphorylation as the major glucose consumer to aerobic glycolysis, although most of cancer cells utilize both pathways to a greater or lesser extent. Aerobic glycolysis, together with the directly related metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, or gluconeogenesis are currently considered as therapeutic targets in cancer research. Melatonin has been reported to present numerous antitumor effects, which result in a reduced cell growth. This is achieved with both low and high concentrations with no relevant side effects. Indeed, high concentrations of this indolamine reduce proliferation of cancer types resistant to low concentrations and induce cell death in some types of tumors. Previous work suggest that regulation of glucose metabolism and other related pathways play an important role in the antitumoral effects of high concentration of melatonin. In the present review, we analyze recent work on the regulation by such concentrations of this indolamine on aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathways of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noelia Puente-Moncada
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ana M Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Federico Herrera
- Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology (ITQB-NOVA), Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jezabel Rodríguez-Blanco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, The DeWitt Daughtry Family, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cristina Duarte-Olivenza
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Turos-Cabal
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Antolín
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martín
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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25
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Li Y, Sheng Y, Lu X, Guo X, Xu G, Han X, An L, Du P. Isolation and purification of acidic polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill and evaluation of their lipid-lowering mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:276-287. [PMID: 32344083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important active constituents of Agaricus blazei Morrill. In the present study, WABM-A was isolated from WABM using DEAE-cellulose, and subsequently purified using sepharose CL-6B to obtain the acidic polysaccharide WABM-A-b. WABM-A-b is mainly composed of Glc dextran, with a molecular weight of 10 KDa and β-1,6-D-Glcp as its main chain. The results of in vivo experiments show that in comparison with the MG, WABM-A significantly reduced the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, increased the serum levels of HDL-C (P < 0.01), and upregulated the liver expression of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1 in rats with hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05). The results of in vitro experiments show that in comparison with the MG group, WABM-A-b-H significantly reduced the levels of TC and TG in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid (P < 0.01), and significantly upregulated the protein expression of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1 (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that WABM-A-b is an acidic glucan with lipid-lowering activity. The lipid-lowering mechanism of WABM-A-b is via the activation of the PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1/ABCG1 cholesterol metabolism pathway. This is the first time that the hypolipidemic effect of Agaricus blazei Morrill acidic polysaccharides has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yu Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Liping An
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Peige Du
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
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26
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Sato K, Meng F, Francis H, Wu N, Chen L, Kennedy L, Zhou T, Franchitto A, Onori P, Gaudio E, Glaser S, Alpini G. Melatonin and circadian rhythms in liver diseases: Functional roles and potential therapies. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12639. [PMID: 32061110 PMCID: PMC8682809 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and clock gene expressions are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland. Although the brain detects the light through retinas and regulates rhythms and melatonin secretion throughout the body, the liver has independent circadian rhythms and expressions as well as melatonin production. Previous studies indicate the association between circadian rhythms with various liver diseases, and disruption of rhythms or clock gene expression may promote liver steatosis, inflammation, or cancer development. It is well known that melatonin has strong antioxidant effects. Alcohol drinking or excess fatty acid accumulation produces reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the liver leading to liver injuries. Melatonin administration protects these oxidative stress-induced liver damage and improves liver conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that melatonin administration is not limited to antioxidant effects and it has various other effects contributing to the management of liver conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that restoring circadian rhythms or expressions as well as melatonin supplementation may be promising therapeutic strategies for liver diseases. This review summarizes recent findings for the functional roles and therapeutic potentials of circadian rhythms and melatonin in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | | | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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27
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Park JH, Seo I, Shim HM, Cho H. Melatonin ameliorates SGLT2 inhibitor-induced diabetic ketoacidosis by inhibiting lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis in type 2 diabetic mice. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12623. [PMID: 31743484 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective hypoglycemic agents that can induce glycosuria. However, there are increasing concerns that they might induce diabetic ketoacidosis. This study investigated the effect of melatonin on SGTL2i-induced ketoacidosis in insulin-deficient type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. The SGLT2i dapagliflozin reduced blood glucose level and plasma insulin concentrations in T2D mice, but induced increases in the concentrations of plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and free fatty acid and a decrease in the concentration of plasma bicarbonate, resulting in ketoacidosis. Melatonin inhibited dapagliflozin-induced ketoacidosis without inducing any change in blood glucose level or plasma insulin concentration. In white adipose tissue, melatonin inhibited lipolysis and downregulated phosphorylation of PKA, HSL, and perilipin-1. In liver tissue, melatonin suppressed cellular cyclic AMP levels and downregulated phosphorylation of PKA, AMPK, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, melatonin increased hepatic ACC activity, but decreased hepatic CPT1a activity and acetyl-CoA content. These effects of melatonin on lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis were blocked by pretreatment with melatonin receptor antagonist or PKA activator. Collectively, these results suggest that melatonin can ameliorate SGLT2i-induced ketoacidosis by inhibiting lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis though cyclic AMP/PKA signaling pathways in T2D mice. Thus, melatonin treatment may offer protection against SGLT2i-induced ketoacidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae-Min Shim
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hochan Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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28
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Tonini C, Colardo M, Colella B, Di Bartolomeo S, Berardinelli F, Caretti G, Pallottini V, Segatto M. Inhibition of Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain (BET) Proteins by JQ1 Unravels a Novel Epigenetic Modulation to Control Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041297. [PMID: 32075110 PMCID: PMC7072965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic control of lipid metabolism is essential for many fundamental physiological processes. A deep understanding of its regulatory mechanisms is pivotal to unravel prospective physiopathological factors and to identify novel molecular targets that could be employed to design promising therapies in the management of lipid disorders. Here, we investigated the role of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins in the regulation of lipid metabolism. To reach this aim, we used a loss-of-function approach by treating HepG2 cells with JQ1, a powerful and selective BET inhibitor. The main results demonstrated that BET inhibition by JQ1 efficiently decreases intracellular lipid content, determining a significant modulation of proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis, uptake and intracellular trafficking. Importantly, the capability of BET inhibition to slow down cell proliferation is dependent on the modulation of cholesterol metabolism. Taken together, these data highlight a novel epigenetic mechanism involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonini
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (F.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Is), Italy; (M.C.); (B.C.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Barbara Colella
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Is), Italy; (M.C.); (B.C.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Is), Italy; (M.C.); (B.C.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Francesco Berardinelli
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (F.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (F.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Is), Italy; (M.C.); (B.C.); (S.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Gu C, Yang H, Chang K, Zhang B, Xie F, Ye J, Chang R, Qiu X, Wang Y, Qu Y, Wang J, Li M. Melatonin alleviates progression of uterine endometrial cancer by suppressing estrogen/ubiquitin C/SDHB-mediated succinate accumulation. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:34-47. [PMID: 32061949 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is an important intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Recently discovered roles of succinate demonstrate its involvement in immunity and cancer biology; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of its involvement in these additional roles remain to be determined. In the present study, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) B was decreased in uterine endometrial cancer cells (UECC) under negative regulation of estrogen. This decrease was the result of lower expression levels of ubiquitin C (UBC), which was associated with the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and specificity protein 1. The decreased levels of SDHB resulted in the accumulation of succinate in UECC, and thus, a decrease in the production of fumaric acid. Succinate downregulated voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) levels by activating serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 and promoted the growth of UECC in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with melatonin restricted estrogen/UBC/SDHB-induced succinate accumulation and upregulated expression of KCNQ1 and reduced the succinate-mediated growth of UECC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of melatonin receptor 1B amplified the inhibitory effects of melatonin on succinate-mediated UECC growth. Together, the data in the present study suggest that melatonin suppresses UECC progression by inhibiting estrogen/UBC/SDHB-induced succinate accumulation. The present study provides a scientific basis for potential therapeutic strategies and targets in UEC, particularly for patients with abnormally low levels of SDHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Gu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Chang
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Clinical Epidemiology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Chang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Qu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Sun W, Liu P, Wang T, Wang X, Zheng W, Li J. Baicalein reduces hepatic fat accumulation by activating AMPK in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-induced non-insulin-resistant mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:711-721. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease worldwide; thus, a dietary supplement that can restrict hepatic fat accumulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- College of Life Science
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- Institute of Biomass Resources
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou
- People's Republic of China
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Liu S, Xu W, Shang W, Wang L, Yu J. Melatonin Alleviates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Guinea Pigs Caused by Different Artificial Light Rhythms. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4927403. [PMID: 33150187 PMCID: PMC7603608 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4927403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle-associated factors, such as high-calorie intake, high-fat diet (HFD), and excessive artificial light, are risk factors for glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances. Melatonin may be beneficial for managing obesity and diabetes; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well elucidated. We aimed to assess whether melatonin has beneficial effects on constant artificial light-induced fat deposition, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Guinea pigs were randomly divided into five experimental groups: control (C), HFD (H), 12 h light (12HL), 24 h light (24HL), and melatonin (M). The majority of indexes, including insulin resistance and obesity, were measured after 10 weeks. AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) pathway expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. Although insulin resistance and obesity indexes were higher in the 24HL group than in the 12HL group, they were significantly lower in the M group than in the 24HL group. Melatonin treatment markedly upregulated AMPKα, phosphorylated AMPKα (p-AMPKα), PPARα, and carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1 A (CPT1A) gene and protein expression. Melatonin may alleviate insulin resistance and obesity caused by persistent artificial light exposure in guinea pigs, likely via activation of the AMPKα/PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Wu Y, Chen F, Huang X, Zhang R, Yu Z, Chen Z, Liu J. Berberine (BBR) Attenuated Palmitic Acid (PA)-Induced Lipotoxicity in Human HK-2 Cells by Promoting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPAR-α). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7702-7708. [PMID: 31607744 PMCID: PMC6812469 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR), a natural alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, has frequently been reported as an antidiabetic reagent, partly due to its lipid-lowering activity. Evidence suggests that BBR ameliorates palmitate-induced lipid deposition and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), which tracks in tandem with the enhancement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha). The study aim was to investigate the roles of BBR in renal lipotoxicity in vitro, and investigate whether PPAR-alpha was the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human TECs (HK-2 cells) were injured with palmitic acid (PA), and then treated with BBR, BBR+PPAR-alpha inhibitor (GW6471), and PA+PPAR-alpha agonist (fenofibrate). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was assessed by measuring the expression of prospective evaluation of radial keratotomy (PERK), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). Lipid metabolism was assessed by determining lipid anabolism-associated genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), as well as lipid catabolism-associated gene, including carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). Inflammatory response of HK-2 cells was evaluated by measuring interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Cell apoptosis and protein levels of cleaved-caspase-3 were evaluated. RESULTS PA downregulated PPAR-alpha and induced server lipotoxicity in HK-2 cells by ER stress, increasing lipid deposition, and elevating inflammatory response of HK-2 cells accompanied with inducting cell apoptosis and cleaved-caspase-3, which were obviously reversed by additional treatment of BBR or PPAR-alpha agonist. However, the protective effect of BBR in PA-induced lipotoxicity in HK-2 cells was significantly ameliorated by PPAR-alpha inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS BBR attenuated PA-induced lipotoxicity via the PPAR-alpha pathway.
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Chen J, Chen J, Fu H, Li Y, Wang L, Luo S, Lu H. Hypoxia exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via the HIF-2α/PPARα pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E710-E722. [PMID: 31430204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether hypoxia can affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and the associated mechanisms, specifically regarding the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α pathway in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have reported that, compared with HIF-1α, HIF-2α has different effects on lipid metabolism. We propose hypoxia may exacerbate NAFLD by the HIF-2α upregulation-induced suppression of PPARα in the liver. To verify this hypothesis, a steatotic human hepatocyte (L02) cell line treated with free fatty acids and a mouse model of NAFLD fed a high-fat diet were used. Steatotic hepatocytes were treated with hypoxia, HIF-2α siRNA, PPARα agonists, and inhibitors, respectively. Meanwhile, the NAFLD mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia with PPARα agonists. The relative gene expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, mitochondrial function, fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis were examined. Evidence of lipid accumulation was observed, which demonstrated that, compared with normal hepatocytes, steatotic hepatocytes exhibited higher sensitivity to hypoxia. This phenomenon was closely associated with HIF-2α. Moreover, lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was ameliorated by HIF-2α silencing or a PPARα agonist, despite the hypoxia treatment. HIF-2α overexpression under hypoxic conditions suppressed PPARα, leading to PGC-1α, NRF-1, ESRRα downregulation, and mitochondrial impairment. Additionally, β-oxidation genes such as CPT1α, CPT2α, ACOX1, and ACOX2 were downregulated and lipogenesis genes including LXRα, FAS, and SCD1 were upregulated by hypoxia. Therefore, we concluded that HIF-2α overexpression induced by hypoxia aggravated NAFLD progression by suppressing fatty acid β-oxidation and inducing lipogenesis in the liver via PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Chen
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huirong Fu
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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The Mystery behind the Pineal Gland: Melatonin Affects the Metabolism of Cholesterol. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4531865. [PMID: 31360294 PMCID: PMC6652030 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4531865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin may be considered a cardioprotective agent. Since atherogenesis is partly associated with the metabolism of lipoproteins, it seems plausible that melatonin affects cardiovascular risk by modulating the metabolism of cholesterol and its subfractions. Moreover, cholesterol-driven atherogenesis can be hypothetically reduced by melatonin, mainly due to the minimalization of harmful reactions triggered in the cardiovascular system by the reactive oxygen species-induced toxic derivatives of cholesterol. In this review, we attempted to summarize the available data on the hypolipemizing effects of melatonin, with some emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying these reactions. We aimed to attract readers' attention to the numerous gaps of knowledge present in the reviewed field and the essential irrelevance between the findings originating from different sources: clinical observations and in vitro mechanistic and molecular studies, as well as preclinical experiments involving animal models. Overall, such inconsistencies make it currently impossible to give a reliable opinion on the action of melatonin on the metabolism of lipoproteins.
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Anderson G, Reiter RJ. Glioblastoma: Role of Mitochondria N-acetylserotonin/Melatonin Ratio in Mediating Effects of miR-451 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and in Coordinating Wider Biochemical Changes. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919855942. [PMID: 31244524 PMCID: PMC6580708 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919855942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide array of different factors and processes have been linked to the biochemical underpinnings of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), with no clear framework in which these may be integrated. Consequently, treatment of GBM/GSC is generally regarded as very poor. This article provides a framework that is based on alterations in the regulation of the melatonergic pathways within mitochondria of GBM/GSC. It is proposed that the presence of high levels of mitochondria-synthesized melatonin is toxic to GBM/GSC, with a number of processes in GBM/GSC acting to limit melatonin’s synthesis in mitochondria. One such factor is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which increases cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1 in mitochondria, leading to the ‘backward’ conversion of melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). N-acetylserotonin has some similar, but some important differential effects compared with melatonin, including its activation of the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor. TrkB activation is important to GBM/GSC survival and proliferation. A plethora of significant, but previously disparate, data on GBM/GSC can then be integrated within this framework, including miR-451, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR, 14-3-3 proteins, sirtuins, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, and the kynurenine pathways. Such a conceptualization provides a framework for the development of more effective treatment for this poorly managed condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Department of Clinical Research, CRC Scotland & London, London, UK
| | - Russell J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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de Farias TDSM, Cruz MM, de Sa RCDC, Severi I, Perugini J, Senzacqua M, Cerutti SM, Giordano A, Cinti S, Alonso-Vale MIC. Melatonin Supplementation Decreases Hypertrophic Obesity and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31749764 PMCID: PMC6848267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from critical periods of positive energy balance characterized by caloric intake greater than energy expenditure. This disbalance promotes adipose tissue dysfunction which is related to other comorbidities. Melatonin is a low-cost therapeutic agent and studies indicate that its use may improve obesity-related disorders. To evaluate if the melatonin is efficient in delaying or even blocking the damages caused by excessive ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, as well as improving the inflammatory profile triggered by obesity herein, male C57BL/6 mice of 8 weeks were induced to obesity by a HFD and treated for 10 weeks with melatonin. The results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation attenuated serum triglyceride levels and total and LDL cholesterol and prevented body mass gain through a decreased lipogenesis rate and increased lipolytic capacity in white adipocytes, with a concomitant increment in oxygen consumption and Pgc1a and Prdm16 expression. Altogether, these effects prevented adipocyte hypertrophy caused by HFD and reflected in decreased adiposity. Finally, melatonin supplementation reduced the crown-like-structure (CLS) formation, characteristic of the inflammatory process by macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue of obese subjects, as well as decreased the gene expression of inflammation-related factors, such as leptin and MCP1. Thus, the melatonin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate the metabolic and inflammatory disorders triggered by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita da Silva Mendes de Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cavalcante da Cunha de Sa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
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