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Liu TT, Sun HF, Tang MZ, Shen HR, Shen Z, Han YX, Zhan Y, Jiang JD. Bicyclol attenuates pulmonary fibrosis with silicosis via both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways. J Transl Med 2024; 22:682. [PMID: 39060930 PMCID: PMC11282674 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is an irreversible fibrotic disease of the lung caused by chronic exposure to silica dust, which manifests as infiltration of inflammatory cells, excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pulmonary diffuse fibrosis. As the disease progresses, lung function further deteriorates, leading to poorer quality of life of patients. Currently, few effective drugs are available for the treatment of silicosis. Bicyclol (BIC) is a compound widely employed to treat chronic viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury. While recent studies have demonstrated anti-fibrosis effects of BIC on multiple organs, including liver, lung, and kidney, its therapeutic benefit against silicosis remains unclear. In this study, we established a rat model of silicosis, with the aim of evaluating the potential therapeutic effects of BIC. METHODS We constructed a silicotic rat model and administered BIC after injury. The FlexiVent instrument with a forced oscillation system was used to detect the pulmonary function of rats. HE and Masson staining were used to assess the effect of BIC on silica-induced rats. Macrophages-inflammatory model of RAW264.7 cells, fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMT) model of NIH-3T3 cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model of TC-1 cells were established in vitro. And the levels of inflammatory mediators and fibrosis-related proteins were evaluated in vivo and in vitro after BIC treatment by Western Blot analysis, RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry experiments. RESULTS BIC significantly improved static compliance of lung and expiratory and inspiratory capacity of silica-induced rats. Moreover, BIC reduced number of inflammatory cells and cytokines as well as collagen deposition in lungs, leading to delayed fibrosis progression in the silicosis rat model. Further exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that BIC suppressed the activation, polarization, and apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by SiO2. Additionally, BIC inhibited SiO2-mediated secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 in macrophages. BIC inhibited FMT of NIH-3T3 as well as EMT of TC-1 in the in vitro silicosis model, resulting in reduced proliferation and migration capability of NIH-3T3 cells. Further investigation of the cytokines secreted by macrophages revealed suppression of both FMT and EMT by BIC through targeting of TGF-β1. Notably, BIC blocked the activation of JAK2/STAT3 in NIH-3T3 cells required for FMT while preventing both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2/3 in TC-1 cells necessary for the EMT process. CONCLUSION The collective data suggest that BIC prevents both FMT and EMT processes, in turn, reducing aberrant collagen deposition. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that BIC ameliorates inflammatory cytokine secretion, in particular, TGF-β1, and consequently inhibits FMT and EMT via TGF-β1 canonical and non-canonical pathways, ultimately resulting in reduction of aberrant collagen deposition and slower progression of silicosis, supporting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Fei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ze Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Mane RR, Kale PP. The roles of HDAC with IMPDH and mTOR with JAK as future targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with combination therapy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:689-706. [PMID: 36409592 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have shown that cytokines are important regulators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In synovial inflammation alteration of the enzyme HDAC, IMPDH enzyme, mTOR pathway, and JAK pathway increase cytokine level. These increased cytokine levels are responsible for the inflammation in RA. Inflammation is a physiological and normal reaction of the immune system against dangerous stimuli such as injury and infection. The cytokine-based approach improves the treatment of RA. To reach this goal, various researchers and scientists are working more aggressively by using a combination approach. The present review of combination therapy provides essential evidence about the possible synergistic effect of combinatorial agents. We have focused on the effects of HDAC inhibitor with IMPDH inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor with JAK inhibitor in combination for the treatment of RA. Combining various targeted strategies can be helpful for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajendra Mane
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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3
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Pordel S, Khorrami M, Saadatpour F, Rezaee D, Cho WC, Jahani S, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Hashemi E, Najafi S. The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154729. [PMID: 37639952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions. miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the mostly-studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR-185 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumor suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings. Being suggested as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker, mi-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Pordel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Motahare Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Hashemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Wu JR, He Z, Bao HR, Zeng XL, Liu XJ. Study on the mechanism of PM2.5 affecting Th1/Th2 immune imbalance through the notch signaling pathway in asthmatic mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:675-684. [PMID: 37663808 PMCID: PMC10470343 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some research has shown that PM2.5 causes Th1/Th2 immune imbalance and aggravates asthma. However, the exact mechanism of PM2.5 causing aggravation of asthma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exposure to PM2.5 exacerbates Th1/Th2 immune imbalance through the Notch signaling pathway. Eight-week-old SPF female BALF/c mice were sensitized by ovalbumin to establish an asthma mouse model. PM2.5 exposure was carried out by aerosol inhalation of PM2.5 (510 μg/m3) after each provocation. The lung function of mice was measured and Splenic T lymphocyte subsets were detected. Notch signaling pathway was tested. The levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. The results showed that the expression of the mRNA and protein of Notch1 and Hes1 in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 were also remarkably high; while the levels of IFN-γ were remarkably low in serum and BALF, the Th1% and Th1/Th2 ratios were significantly lower, and Th2% was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the healthy controls. PM2.5 promoted further activation of the Notch signaling pathway and aggravated Th1/Th2 immune imbalance in asthmatic mice. γ-secretase inhibitor can partially inhibit the activation of the Notch signaling pathway and alleviate aggravation of immune imbalance. In conclusion, the asthmatic mice had a Th1/Th2 immune imbalance and an overactivated Notch signaling pathway. PM2.5 further aggravated Th1/Th2 immune imbalance by activating the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-rong Wu
- Department of Grontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Grontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hai-rong Bao
- Department of Grontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-li Zeng
- Department of Grontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-ju Liu
- Department of Grontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Teper A, Colom AJ, Schubert R, Jerkic PS. Update in postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 37378463 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PiBO) is a rare and severe form of chronic obstructive lung disease caused by an infectious injury to the lower respiratory tract. The most commonly recognized inciting stimuli leading to PiBO are airway pathogens, such as adenovirus and Mycoplasma. PiBO is characterized by persistent and nonreversible airway obstruction, with functional and radiological evidence of small airway involvement. The literature has limited information on the aetiology, clinical profile, treatment, and outcome of PiBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Teper
- Respiratory Center, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Colom
- Respiratory Center, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pera-Silvija Jerkic
- Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Lai Y, Li X, Li T, Li X, Nyunoya T, Chen K, Kitsios G, Nouraie M, Zhang Y, McVerry BJ, Lee JS, Mallmapalli RK, Zou C. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) contributes to lymphopenia in experimental sepsis. Thorax 2023; 78:383-393. [PMID: 35354645 PMCID: PMC9522923 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One hallmark of sepsis is the reduced number of lymphocytes, termed lymphopenia, that occurs from decreased lymphocyte proliferation or increased cell death contributing to immune suppression. Histone modification enzymes regulate immunity by their epigenetic and non-epigenetic functions; however, the role of these enzymes in lymphopenia remains elusive. METHODS We used molecular biological approaches to investigate the high expression and function of a chromatin modulator protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4)/coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 in human samples from septic patients and cellular and animal septic models. RESULTS We identified that PRMT4 is elevated systemically in septic patients and experimental sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria and their derived endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased PRMT4 in B and T lymphocytes and THP-1 monocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing results indicate an increase of PRMT4 gene expression in activated T lymphocytes. Augmented PRMT4 is crucial for inducing lymphocyte apoptosis but not monocyte THP-1 cells. Ectopic expression of PRMT4 protein caused substantial lymphocyte death via caspase 3-mediated cell death signalling, and knockout of PRMT4 abolished LPS-mediated lymphocyte death. PRMT4 inhibition with a small molecule compound attenuated lymphocyte death in complementary models of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a previously uncharacterised role of a key chromatin modulator in lymphocyte survival that may shed light on devising therapeutic modalities to lessen the severity of septic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Lai
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiuying Li
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare system, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tiao Li
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare system, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgios Kitsios
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Chunbin Zou
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare system, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Takeda Y, Takahashi M, Fuchikami JI, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Effect of roflumilast on airway remodeling in asthmatic mice exposed to or not exposed to cigarette smoke: Comparison with the effect of dexamethasone. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 79:102198. [PMID: 36690319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking constitutes a risk factor for severe asthma, which is frequently linked to remodeling of the airways. Appropriate drug treatment for smokers with asthma is uncertain because many smokers with asthma are less sensitive to glucocorticoid treatment than non-smokers with asthma. The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-airway remodeling effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and roflumilast (Rof), a selective phosphodiesterases-4 inhibitor, in smoking and non-smoking mice with asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with OVA for two weeks, either with or without concurrent exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). Dex (1 mg/kg body weight), Rof (5 mg/kg body weight), or vehicle alone was given orally to the mice once daily. To assess the histopathological effects of airway remodeling, lung tissue sections were obtained. Repeated OVA challenges resulted in fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, and thickening of the airway but not the smooth muscle layer. The presence of CS did not have an impact on the degree of airway remodeling brought on by repeated OVA challenges. In mice repeatedly exposed to OVA either with or without CS, Dex treatment reduced the remodeling alterations. In these mice group, the Rof Treatment had a less significant impact than the Dex treatment. Dex was still more effective than Rof at reducing airway remodeling in asthmatic smoking mice. According to the current study's findings, Dex effectively prevented airway remodeling in a two-week asthma model in mice exposed to CS or not. In contrast, we found that Rof had little to no inhibitory effect of Rof on the airway in our mouse model of asthma, whether or not it had been exposed to CS. We were unable to find solid proof to support CS-induced steroid resistance to treat airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Maki Takahashi
- CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Bioresearch Center, 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-0044, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Fuchikami
- CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Bioresearch Center, 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-0044, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
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8
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Padoan E, Ferraresso S, Pegolo S, Barnini C, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. Gene Expression Profiles of the Immuno-Transcriptome in Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010004. [PMID: 36611613 PMCID: PMC9817691 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild equine asthma (MEA) and severe equine asthma (SEA) are two of the most frequent equine airway inflammatory diseases, but knowledge about their pathogenesis is limited. The goal of this study was to investigate gene expression differences in the respiratory tract of MEA- and SEA-affected horses and their relationship with clinical signs. METHODS Clinical examination and endoscopy were performed in 8 SEA- and 10 MEA-affected horses and 7 healthy controls. Cytological and microbiological analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were performed. Gene expression profiling of BAL fluid was performed by means of a custom oligo-DNA microarray. RESULTS In both MEA and SEA, genes involved in the genesis, length, and motility of respiratory epithelium cilia were downregulated. In MEA, a significant overexpression for genes encoding inflammatory mediators was observed. In SEA, transcripts involved in bronchoconstriction, apoptosis, and hypoxia pathways were significantly upregulated, while genes involved in the formation of the protective muco-protein film were underexpressed. The SEA group also showed enrichment of gene networks activated during human asthma. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides new insight into equine asthma pathogenesis, representing the first step in transcriptomic analysis to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Padoan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8272506
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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9
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Felix FB, Vago JP, Beltrami VA, Araújo JMD, Grespan R, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Biochanin A as a modulator of the inflammatory response: an updated overview and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106246. [PMID: 35562014 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation and failure to resolve the inflammatory response are crucial factors involved in the progress of inflammatory diseases. Current therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling excessive inflammation are effective in some cases, though they may be accompanied by severe side effects, such as immunosuppression. Phytochemicals as a therapeutic alternative can have a fundamental impact on the different stages of inflammation and its resolution. Biochanin A (BCA) is an isoflavone known for its wide range of pharmacological properties, especially its marked anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have provided evidence of BCA's abilities to activate events essential for resolving inflammation. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings from pre-clinical studies of the pharmacological effects of BCA on the complex signaling network associated with the onset and resolution of inflammation and BCA's potential protective functionality in several models of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, pulmonary disease, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciel Batista Felix
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vinícius Amorim Beltrami
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Grespan
- Cell Migration Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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10
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Duecker RP, De Mir Messa I, Jerkic S, Kochems A, Gottwald G, Moreno‐Galdó A, Rosewich M, Gronau L, Zielen S, Geburtig‐Chiocchetti A, Kreyenberg H, Schubert R. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation by microRNAs in post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1376. [PMID: 35228871 PMCID: PMC8859819 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth P Duecker
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Ines De Mir Messa
- Allergy, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Section Department of Pediatrics Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Silvija‐Pera Jerkic
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Annalena Kochems
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Gabriele Gottwald
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Antonio Moreno‐Galdó
- Allergy, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Section Department of Pediatrics Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Martin Rosewich
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Lucia Gronau
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Andreas Geburtig‐Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Hermann Kreyenberg
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescence Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
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11
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Qian Q, Ma Q, Wang B, Qian Q, Zhao C, Feng F, Dong X. MicroRNA-205-5p targets E2F1 to promote autophagy and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through impairing SKP2-mediated Beclin1 ubiquitination. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9214-9227. [PMID: 34428336 PMCID: PMC8500965 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease characterized by extensive pulmonary fibrosis, and the underlying pathological process remains uncertain. Herein, we explored the molecular mechanism by which microRNA‐205‐5p (miR‐205‐5p) affects the autophagy of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and pulmonary fibrosis in mice with silicosis through the E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1)/S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (SKP2)/Beclin1 axis. Alveolar macrophages (MH‐S cells) were exposed to crystalline silica (CS) to develop an in vitro model, and mice were treated with CS to establish an in vivo model. Decreased Beclin1 and increased SKP2 and E2F1 were identified in mice with silicosis. We silenced or overexpressed miR‐205‐5p, E2F1, SKP2 and Beclin1 to investigate their potential roles in pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and autophagy in vitro. Recombinant adenovirus mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 was transduced into the MH‐S cells to assay autophagic flow. Knocking down Beclin1 promoted pulmonary fibrosis and suppressed the autophagy. Co‐immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays suggested that SKP2 induced K48‐linked ubiquitination of Beclin1. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐PCR revealed the site where E2F1 bound to the SKP2 promoter between 1638 bp and 1645 bp. As shown by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, the transfection with miR‐205‐5p mimic inhibited the luciferase activity of the wild‐type E2F1 3′untranslated region, suggesting that miR‐205‐5p targeted E2F1. Additionally, miR‐205‐5p overexpression increased autophagy and reduced the pulmonary fibrosis, while overexpression of E2F1 or SKP2 or inhibition of Beclin1 could annul this effect. The current study elucidated that miR‐205‐5p targeted E2F1, thereby inhibiting SKP2‐mediated Beclin1 ubiquitination to promote macrophage autophagy and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in mice with silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzeng Qian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Department of Preventive Health, The Third People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District in Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Qingqiang Qian
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Changsong Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Tangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangshan, China
| | - Fumin Feng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaona Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
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12
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Stein CM, Benchek P, Bartlett J, Igo RP, Sobota RS, Chervenak K, Mayanja-Kizza H, von Reyn CF, Lahey T, Bush WS, Boom WH, Scott WK, Marsit C, Sirugo G, Williams SM. Methylome-wide Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Marks Associated With Resistance to Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals From East Africa. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:695-704. [PMID: 33400784 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the most deadly infectious disease globally and is highly prevalent in the developing world. For individuals infected with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the risk of active TB is 10% or more annually. Previously, we identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) a region on chromosome 5 associated with resistance to TB, which included epigenetic marks that could influence gene regulation. We hypothesized that HIV-infected individuals exposed to Mtb who remain disease free carry epigenetic changes that strongly protect them from active TB. METHODS We conducted a methylome-wide study in HIV-infected, TB-exposed cohorts from Uganda and Tanzania and integrated data from our GWAS. RESULTS We identified 3 regions of interest that included markers that were differentially methylated between TB cases and controls with latent TB infection: chromosome 1 (RNF220, P = 4 × 10-5), chromosome 2 (between COPS8 and COL6A3, P = 2.7 × 10-5), and chromosome 5 (CEP72, P = 1.3 × 10-5). These methylation results co-localized with associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), methylation QTLs, and methylation × SNP interaction effects. These markers were in regions with regulatory markers for cells involved in TB immunity and/or lung. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic regulation is a potential biologic factor underlying resistance to TB in immunocompromised individuals that can act in conjunction with genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacquelaine Bartlett
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert P Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keith Chervenak
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine and Mulago Hospital, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C Fordham von Reyn
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Timothy Lahey
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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13
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Ahmad S, Manzoor S, Siddiqui S, Mariappan N, Zafar I, Ahmad A, Ahmad A. Epigenetic underpinnings of inflammation: Connecting the dots between pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:384-398. [PMID: 33484868 PMCID: PMC8046427 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is central to lung cancer, the leading cancer in terms of associated mortality that has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Inflammation and pulmonary manifestations are also the major causes of COVID-19 related deaths. Acute hyperinflammation plays an important role in the COVID-19 disease progression and severity, and development of protective immunity against the virus is greatly sought. Further, the severity of COVID-19 is greatly enhanced in lung cancer patients, probably due to the genes such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, PAI-1 and furin that are commonly involved in cancer progression as well as SAR-CoV-2 infection. The importance of inflammation in pulmonary manifestations, cancer and COVID-19 calls for a closer look at the underlying processes, particularly the associated increase in IL-6 and other cytokines, the dysregulation of immune cells and the coagulation pathway. Towards this end, several reports have identified epigenetic regulation of inflammation at different levels. Expression of several key inflammation-related cytokines, chemokines and other genes is affected by methylation and acetylation while non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs as well as long non-coding RNAs, also affect the overall inflammatory responses. Select miRNAs can regulate inflammation in COVID-19 infection, lung cancer as well as other inflammatory lung diseases, and can serve as epigenetic links that can be therapeutically targeted. Furthermore, epigenetic changes also mediate the environmental factors-induced inflammation. Therefore, a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of inflammation can potentially help develop novel strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat chronic pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shajer Manzoor
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Simmone Siddiqui
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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14
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Liu Y, Luo S, Zhan Y, Wang J, Zhao R, Li Y, Zeng J, Lu Q. Increased Expression of PPAR-γ Modulates Monocytes Into a M2-Like Phenotype in SLE Patients: An Implicative Protective Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Strategy of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:579372. [PMID: 33584646 PMCID: PMC7873911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a spectrum of autoimmune disorders characterized by continuous inflammation and the production of autoantibodies. Monocytes, as precursors of dendritic cells and macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, particularly in the inflammatory reactions. Previous studies have proved that Pam3CSK4, as a synthetic ligand of TLR2, could stimulate monocytes to differentiated into a M2-like phenotype which presented immunosuppressive functions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further studied. Here, we reported an increased expression of PPAR-γ in the CD14+ monocytes from SLE patients, particularly in the treated group of SLE patients and the group with positive anti-dsDNA antibodies. Additionally, PPAR-γ expression decreased in the SLE patients with skin lesion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Pam3CSK4 stimulation can decrease the expression of CCR7, CD80, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and NF-κB which were related to the M1-like subset of monocytes and increased the expression of ARG1 which was related to the M2-like subset through upregulated PPAR-γ expression and consequently downregulated NF-κB expression in the CD14+ monocytes in a time-dependent manner. ChIP-qPCR results further demonstrated that Pam3CSK4 pretreatment could modulate PPAR-γ expression by regulating histone modification through the inhibition of Sirt1 binding to the PPAR-γ promoter. Taken together, our study indicated a protective role of TLR2/Sirt1/PPAR-γ pathway in the pathogenesis of SLE which provided potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangyan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
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15
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Xu L, Yi M, Tan Y, Yi Z, Zhang Y. A comprehensive analysis of microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620981863. [PMID: 33357010 PMCID: PMC7768876 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620981863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is unclear whether microRNAs could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for asthma or not. The objective of this study is to figure out the diagnostic value of microRNAs in asthma. Methods: Literature retrieval, screening of publications, specific data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted according to the standard criteria. Stata 14.0 software was used to analyze the diagnostic value of microRNA for asthma, including the combined sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), the area under the curve (AUC), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Results: A total of 72 studies, containing 4143 cases and 2188 controls, were included for this comprehensive analysis. None of the included publications were rated low in quality. We summarized that, compared with controls, more than 100 miRNAs were reported differently expressed in asthma, although the expression trends were inconsistent. Besides, there were five studies among these 72 articles that applied the diagnostic evaluation of microRNAs in asthma. We found that the pooled Sen, Spe, and AUC for the combination of miR-185-5p, miR-155, let-7a, miR-21, miR-320a, miR-1246, miR-144-5p, and miR-1165-3p in asthma were 0.87 (95%CI: 0.72–0.95), 0.84 (95%CI: 0.74–0.91), and 0.93 (95%CI: 0.89–0.94) individually, and the PLR, NLR, and DOR were 5.5 (95%CI: 3.1–9.7), 0.15 (95%CI: 0.07–0.36), and 35 (95%CI: 10–127) in asthma, respectively. In terms of subgroup analyses, we found that the Sen for these combination miRNAs from serum was higher than that in plasma, while the Spe in plasma worked better than that in serum. Furthermore, compared with children, the combination of above miRNAs from adults had higher Spe and similar Sen. Conclusions: From our analysis, the combination of miR-185-5p, miR-155, let-7a, miR-21, miR-320a, miR-1246, miR-144-5p, and miR-1165-3p from peripheral blood could potentially act as a diagnostic biomarker for asthma. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minhan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zixun Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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16
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Uren C, Hoal EG, Möller M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and human coadaptation: a two-way street complicating host susceptibility to TB. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R146-R153. [PMID: 33258469 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has infected numerous populations, both human and non-human, causing symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) in some hosts. Research investigating the MTBC and how it has evolved with its host over time is sparse and has not resulted in many significant findings. There are even fewer studies investigating adaptation of the human host susceptibility to TB and these have largely focused on genome-wide association and candidate gene association studies. However, results emanating from these association studies are rarely replicated and appear to be population specific. It is, therefore, necessary to relook at the approach taken to investigate the relationship between the MTBC and the human host. Understanding that the evolution of the pathogen is coupled to the evolution of the host might be the missing link needed to effectively investigate their relationship. We hypothesize that this knowledge will bolster future efforts in combating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Uren
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
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17
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Harari S, Raghu G, Caminati A, Cruciani M, Franchini M, Mannucci P. Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases and air pollution: a systematic literature review. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200093. [PMID: 32817115 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0093-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is hypothesised to be a risk factor for interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study systematically reviewed the literature regarding the impact of air pollution on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). METHODS A computer-assisted literature search of electronic databases was performed to identify studies focused on the association between ILDs and air pollution. Other inclusion criteria required that the article had to be: 1) original; 2) a prospective or retrospective study; and 3) fully published in English. Both randomised clinical trials and observational studies were considered. RESULTS Only seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies investigated the relationship between pollution and IPF, except one that dealt with the relationship between pollution and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Outcome measures included exacerbation of IPF, mortality, disease severity, prevalence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, progression and incidence of IPF. On the whole, air pollution levels were negatively associated with outcomes in patients with IPF and fibrotic ILD outcome. The heterogeneity in the measurement and reporting of the end-points limited the performance of a quantitative synthesis of data. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides supporting evidence linking exposure to air pollution to poor outcomes in patients with IPF and fibrotic ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Harari
- U.O. di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria - Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare, Ospedale San Giuseppe - MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dept of Medical Sciences, San Giuseppe Hospital MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dept of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di, Milan, Italy.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Antonella Caminati
- U.O. di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria - Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare, Ospedale San Giuseppe - MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cruciani
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.,Infection Control Committee and Antibiotic Stewardship Programme, AULSS9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.,Dept of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
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18
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Tarashi S, Badi SA, Moshiri A, Ebrahimzadeh N, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Aazami H, Siadat SD, Fuso A. The inter-talk between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenomics 2020; 12:455-469. [PMID: 32267165 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics regulate gene function without any alteration in the DNA sequence. The epigenetics represent one of the most important regulators in different cellular processes and have initially been developed in microorganisms as a protective strategy. The evaluation of the epigenetic mechanisms is also important in achieving an efficient control strategy in tuberculosis (TB). TB is one of the most significant epidemiological concerns in human history. Despite several in vivo and in vitro studies that have evaluated different epigenetic modifications in TB, many aspects of the association between epigenetics and TB are not fully understood. The current paper is aimed at reviewing our knowledge on histone modifications and DNA methylation modifications, as well as miRNAs regulation in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinologyand Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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19
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Zhou J, Geng F, Xu J, Peng L, Ye X, Yang D, Zhao J, Sun Q. PM 2.5 exposure and cold stress exacerbates asthma in mice by increasing histone acetylation in IL-4 gene promoter in CD4 + T cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:147-153. [PMID: 31520700 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease which severely reduces the quality of life in patients. Studies have demonstrated that both PM2.5 and cold stress contribute to the development of asthma. However, the combined effects of these two risking factors are unknown. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of PM2.5 exposure and cold stress (PMCS) on asthma, as well as the underlying mechanisms by using a murine model. After different exposures, the immune-pathological changes and redox states in groups were evaluated. Besides, the balance of TH1/TH2 cells and the acetylation levels of H3K9 and H3K14 in IL-4 gene promotor were detected. Our results showed that, compared with other exposures, PMCS led to an increased inflammation and redox levels in mice. It also significantly increased the percentage of TH2 T cells, which was correlated with hyperacetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in IL-4 gene promoter in CD4+T cells. Furthermore, a significantly increased P300 and decreased HDAC1 were detected in CD4 + T cells in PMCS group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PMCS exacerbated asthma in mice by increasing H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation in IL-4 gene promoter in CD4 + T cells, and P300 and HDAC1 might contribute to their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fuhai Geng
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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20
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Terwiel M, Grutters JC, van Moorsel CHM. Clustering of immune-mediated diseases in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2019; 25:539-553. [PMID: 31365389 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated disease of unknown cause. Immune-mediated diseases appear to cluster in patients and in families. We review what is known on this topic for sarcoidosis, and what factors may underlie disease clustering. RECENT FINDINGS In populations of patients with sarcoidosis, relative risk estimates of Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hepatitis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis (MS), celiac disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, and ulcerative colitis, varied between 2.1 and 11.6. In relatives of patients with sarcoidosis, relative risk estimates varied between 1.3 and 5.8 for sarcoidosis, MS, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Shared risk loci in key immunological pathways provide evidence for a contribution to development of multiple diseases. Identical changes in the immune status, epigenetic alterations, and environmental triggers have been detected in several diseases, and drug-induced disease is likely responsible for a small portion of co-occurring disease. SUMMARY Clustering of sarcoidosis and other immune-mediated diseases in patients and in their relatives occurs for sarcoidosis, MS, celiac disease, Graves' disease, and ulcerative colitis. Further research is needed to substantiate causal links and risk estimates in patients and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Terwiel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Division of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coline H M van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Division of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Caixia L, Yang X, Yurong T, Xiaoqun Q. Involvement of epigenetic modification in epithelial immune responses during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:186-189. [PMID: 30890452 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cells of bronchi (BECs) act as a protective wall against potential pathogens and foreign particles that controls many aspects of respiratory immune response. The BECs act as not only a physical protecting wall of the airways but also as a significant part of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many kind of epithelium-associated communicating pathways which are triggered by genetic and environmental causating agents get involved in development of respiratory tract abnormalities. Epigenetic dysregulation is one potential mechanism which may mediate between adverse in early life exposures such as severe infections and immunological function deficits in later life. Epigenetic factors which regulate the respiratory tract lining structure and role are also an attractive area to assess the susceptibility of respiratory tract diseases. Several studies show that the key genes in epithelium-related signaling pathways have epigenetic modifications. The interactions mediating the relationship between severe bronchiolitis caused by RSV and their adverse consequences in childhood are broadly understood as immunological in nature, however, are yet to be fully uncovered. Thus, our study explained the immune action of epithelium and RSV-triggered immune imbalance of epithelium through epigenetic modifications in the mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Caixia
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Tan Yurong
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China; From Department of Basic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Qin Xiaoqun
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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22
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He R, Li Y, Zhou L, Su X, Li Y, Pan P, Hu C. miR-146b overexpression ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2929-2939. [PMID: 30500983 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of acute lung injury (ALI), which causes high morbidity and mortality. So far, effective clinical treatment of ARDS is still limited. Recently, miR-146b has been reported to play a key role in inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the functional role of miR-146b in ARDS using the murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. The miR-146b expression could be induced by LPS stimulation, and miR-146b overexpression was required in the maintenance of body weight and survival of ALI mice; after miR-146b overexpression, LPS-induced lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, total cell and neutrophil counts, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were significantly reduced. The promotive effect of LPS on lung permeability through increasing total protein, albumin and IgM in BAL fluid could be partially reversed by miR-146b overexpression. Moreover, in murine alveolar macrophages, miR-146b overexpression reduced LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β releasing. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-146b overexpression could effectively improve the LPS-induced ALI; miR-146b is a promising target in ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Michalik M, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Paw M, Wnuk D, Koczurkiewicz P, Sanak M, Pękala E, Madeja Z. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3943-3961. [PMID: 30101406 PMCID: PMC6182337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, elevated extracellular matrix protein secretion and an increased number of myofibroblasts. Phenotypic fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition represents one of the primary mechanisms by which myofibroblasts arise in fibrotic lung tissue. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition requires a combination of several types of factors, the most important of which are divided into humoural and mechanical factors, as well as certain extracellular matrix proteins. Despite intensive research on the nature of this process, its underlying mechanisms during bronchial airway wall remodelling in asthma are not yet fully clarified. This review focuses on what is known about the nature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in asthma. We aim to consider possible mechanisms and conditions that may play an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition but have not yet been discussed in this context. Recent studies have shown that some inherent and previously undescribed features of fibroblasts can also play a significant role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Differences observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (e.g., response to transforming growth factor β, cell shape, elasticity, and protein expression profile) may have a crucial influence on this phenomenon. An accurate understanding and recognition of all factors affecting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition might provide an opportunity to discover efficient methods of counteracting this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Möller M, Kinnear CJ, Orlova M, Kroon EE, van Helden PD, Schurr E, Hoal EG. Genetic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2219. [PMID: 30319657 PMCID: PMC6170664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural history studies of tuberculosis (TB) have revealed a spectrum of clinical outcomes after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of TB. Not all individuals exposed to the bacterium will become diseased and depending on the infection pressure, many will remain infection-free. Intriguingly, complete resistance to infection is observed in some individuals (termed resisters) after intense, continuing M. tuberculosis exposure. After successful infection, the majority of individuals will develop latent TB infection (LTBI). This infection state is currently (and perhaps imperfectly) defined by the presence of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), but no detectable clinical disease symptoms. The majority of healthy individuals with LTBI are resistant to clinical TB, indicating that infection is remarkably well-contained in these non-progressors. The remaining 5-15% of LTBI positive individuals will progress to active TB. Epidemiological investigations have indicated that the host genetic component contributes to these infection and disease phenotypes, influencing both susceptibility and resistance. Elucidating these genetic correlates is therefore a priority as it may translate to new interventions to prevent, diagnose or treat TB. The most successful approaches in resistance/susceptibility investigation have focused on specific infection and disease phenotypes and the resister phenotype may hold the key to the discovery of actionable genetic variants in TB infection and disease. This review will not only discuss lessons from epidemiological studies, but will also focus on the contribution of epidemiology and functional genetics to human genetic resistance to M. tuberculosis infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elouise E. Kroon
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Arts RJW, Joosten LAB, Netea MG. The Potential Role of Trained Immunity in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515591 PMCID: PMC5826224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During induction of trained immunity, monocytes and macrophages undergo a functional and transcriptional reprogramming toward increased activation. Important rewiring of cellular metabolism of the myeloid cells takes place during induction of trained immunity, including a shift toward glycolysis induced through the mTOR pathway, as well as glutaminolysis and cholesterol synthesis. Subsequently, this leads to modulation of the function of epigenetic enzymes, resulting in important changes in chromatin architecture that enables increased gene transcription. However, in addition to the beneficial effects of trained immunity as a host defense mechanism, we hypothesize that trained immunity also plays a deleterious role in the induction and/or maintenance of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases if inappropriately activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Conti S, Harari S, Caminati A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Bertazzi PA, Cesana G, Madotto F. The association between air pollution and the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Northern Italy. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/1/1700397. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00397-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute exacerbations and worsening of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been associated with exposure to ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter, but chronic exposure to air pollution might also affect the incidence of IPF. We investigated the association between chronic exposure to NO2, O3and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) and IPF incidence in Northern Italy between 2005 and 2010.Daily predictions of PM10concentrations were obtained from spatiotemporal models, and NO2and O3hourly concentrations from fixed monitoring stations. We identified areas with homogenous exposure to each pollutant. We built negative binomial models to assess the association between area-specific IPF incidence rate, estimated through administrative databases, and average overall and seasonal PM10, NO2, and 8-hour maximum O3concentrations.Using unadjusted models, an increment of 10 µg·m−3in NO2concentration was associated with an increase between 7.93% (95% CI 0.36–16.08%) and 8.41% (95% CI −0.23–17.80%) in IPF incidence rate, depending on the season. After adjustment for potential confounders, estimated effects were similar in magnitude, but with larger confidence intervals.Although confirmatory studies are needed, our results trace a potential association between exposure to traffic pollution and the development of IPF.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pathogenesis of genetically complex granulomatous diseases, such as sarcoidosis and latent tuberculosis, remains largely unknown. With the recent advent of more powerful research tools, such as genome-wide expression platforms, comes the challenge of making sense of the enormous data sets so generated. This manuscript will provide demonstrations of how in-silico (computer) analysis of large research data sets can lead to novel discoveries in the field of granulomatous lung disease. RECENT FINDINGS The application of in-silico research tools has led to novel discoveries in the fields of noninfectious (e.g., sarcoidosis) and infectious granulomatous diseases. Computer models have identified novel disease mechanisms and can be used to perform 'virtual' experiments rapidly and at low cost compared with conventional laboratory techniques. SUMMARY Granulomatous lung diseases are extremely complex, involving dynamic interactions between multiple genes, cells, and molecules. In-silico interpretation of large data sets generated from new research platforms that are capable of comprehensively characterizing and quantifying pools of biological molecules promises to rapidly accelerate the rate of scientific discovery in the field of granulomatous lung disorders.
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28
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Meyerholz DK, Sieren JC, Beck AP, Flaherty HA. Approaches to Evaluate Lung Inflammation in Translational Research. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:42-52. [PMID: 28812529 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817726117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common feature in several types of lung disease and is a frequent end point to validate lung disease models, evaluate genetic or environmental impact on disease severity, or test the efficacy of new therapies. Questions relevant to a study should be defined during experimental design and techniques selected to specifically address these scientific queries. In this review, the authors focus primarily on the breadth of techniques to evaluate lung inflammation that have both clinical and preclinical applications. Stratification of approaches to assess lung inflammation can diminish weaknesses inherent to each technique, provide data validation, and increase the reproducibility of a study. Specialized techniques (eg, imaging, pathology) often require experienced personnel to collect, evaluate, and interpret the data; these experts should be active contributors to the research team through reporting of the data. Scoring of tissue lesions is a useful method to transform observational pathologic data into semiquantitative or quantitative data for statistical analysis and enhanced rigor. Each technique to evaluate lung inflammation has advantages and limitations; understanding these parameters can help identify approaches that best complement one another to increase the rigor and translational significance of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Meyerholz
- 1 Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jessica C Sieren
- 2 Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- 4 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Heather A Flaherty
- 5 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Najafi A, Ghanei M, Jamalkandi SA. Airway remodeling: Systems biology approach, from bench to bedside. Technol Health Care 2016; 24:811-819. [PMID: 27315153 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Airway Remodeling, a patho-physiologic process, is considered as a key feature of chronic airway diseases. In recent years, our understanding of the complex diseases has increased significantly by the use of combined approaches, including systems biology, which may contribute to the development of personalized and predictive medicine approaches. Integrative analysis, along with the cooperation of clinicians, computer scientists, research scientists, and bench scientists, has become an important part of the experimental design and therapeutic strategies in the era of omics. The airway remodeling process is the result of the dysregulation of several signaling pathways that modulate the airway regeneration; therefore, high-throughput experiments and systems biology approach can help to understand this process better. The study reviews related literature and is consistent with the existing clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injury Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang J, Yang G, Dubrovsky AM, Choi J, Leung PSC. Xenobiotics and loss of tolerance in primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:338-348. [PMID: 26755880 PMCID: PMC4698496 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from genome wide association studies and geoepidemiological studies established that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental stimulation is required for the loss of tolerance in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The serologic hallmark of PBC are the presence of high titer anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) that recognize the lipoyl domain of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 (PDC-E2) subunit. Extensive efforts have been directed to investigate the molecular basis of AMA. Recently, experimental data has pointed to the thesis that the breaking of tolerance to PDC-E2 is a pivotal event in the initial etiology of PBC, including environmental xenobiotics including those commonly found in cosmetics and food additives, suggesting that chemical modification of the PDC-E2 epitope may render its vulnerable to become a neo-antigen and trigger an immune response in genetically susceptible hosts. Here, we will discuss the natural history, genetics and immunobiology of PBC and structural constraints of PDC-E2 in AMA recognition which makes it vulnerable to chemical modification.
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31
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Extrahepatic malignancies in primary biliary cirrhosis: a comparative study at two European centers. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 48:254-62. [PMID: 25205363 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Limited information and divergent results are available on the prevalence/incidence, survival, and risk factors for developing extrahepatic malignancies (EMs) in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiology and survival rates for EM in PBC patients. The study was conducted on two series of patients followed up at two European centers (361 in Padova, Italy, and 397 in Barcelona, Spain) for a mean 7.7 ± 7 and 12.2 ± 7 years, respectively. The cancer incidence was compared with the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) calculated using the Cancer Registry of the Veneto Region (Italy) and the Cancer Registry of Tarragona (Spain). Seventy-two patients developed EM. The prevalence of cases was similar in Padova (9.7 %) and Barcelona (9.4 %). The overall cancer incidence was similar to the expected incidence for the general population in the same geographical area (SIR = 1.2), and so was the crude EM rate (855.01 vs 652.86 per 100,000 patient-years, respectively, RR = 1.3). Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced histological stage and extrahepatic autoimmune diseases were significantly associated with the onset of EM. Survival was similar for PBC patients with and without EM (p = n.s.), and actual survival was similar to the one predicted by the Mayo model. The incidence of EM in PBC patients was found similar in Italy and Spain and no different from that of the general population. Advanced histological stage and extrahepatic autoimmune disease were risk factors significantly associated with EM developing in PBC. The onset of cancer in PBC patients does not influence the natural history of their liver disease.
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Rajapreyar I, Langlois E. Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Sorting Fact from Fiction in This Rare Cardiomyopathy. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2015.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bizjak M, Selmi C, Praprotnik S, Bruck O, Perricone C, Ehrenfeld M, Shoenfeld Y. Silicone implants and lymphoma: The role of inflammation. J Autoimmun 2015; 65:64-73. [PMID: 26330346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk of hematological malignancies is mainly determined by genetic background, age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic location, exposure to certain chemicals and radiation; along with the more recently proposed immune factors such as chronic inflammation, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and infections. Paradigmatic examples include the development of lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis, gastric MALT lymphoma in Helicobacter pylori infection, or lymphomas associated with infections by Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8) and leukemia/lymphoma virus 1 (HTLV-1). A growing number of reports indicates an increased risk of lymphoma, particularly of the anaplastic large cell (ALCL) type. The implants, specifically those used in the past, elicit chronic stimulation of the immune system against the prosthetic material. This is particularly the case in genetically susceptible hosts. We suggest that polyclonal activation may result in monoclonality in those at risk hosts, ultimately leading to lymphoma. We suggest that patients with an inflammatory response against silicone implants be monitored carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Bizjak
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonja Praprotnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Or Bruck
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Carlo Perricone
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Sapienza Univerisity of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Ehrenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Abstract
Clinicians are facing unexpected issues in everyday practice, and these may become counterintuitive or challenging. Illustrative examples are provided by the hypersensitivity to universally used immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids or antibiotics such as beta-lactam. Secondly, additional issues are represented by the discovery of new pathogenetic mechanisms involved in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis or other chronic inflammatory diseases, genomic susceptibility to enigmatic diseases such as giant cell arteritis, or the shared role of specific mediators such as semaphorins. Third, the therapeutic armamentarium has dramatically changed over the past decade following the introduction of biotechnological drugs, and new mechanisms are being proposed to reduce adverse events or increase the drug effectiveness, particularly on cardiovascular comorbidities. Finally, rare diseases continue to represent difficult cases, as for Cogan's syndrome, with limited literature available for clinical recommendations. For these reason, the present issue of Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology is timely and dedicated to these and other unique topics in clinical immunology and allergy. The aim of this issue is thus to help clinicians involved in internal medicine as well as allergists and clinical immunologists while discussing new pathways that will prove important in the near future.
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Epigenetics and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: a Comprehensive Review and Implications for Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 50:390-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Abstract
Uncommon or orphan diseases are less frequently addressed in mainstream medical journals and, as a consequence, their understanding and clinical recognition may rely on case series or anecdotal data with limited guidelines and management directions. The study of selected underrepresented autoimmune and allergy conditions is the subject of the present issue of Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology to provide peculiar perspectives on common and rare themes. First, allergy remains a major concern for physicians worldwide despite the limited developments over the past years, particularly for antigens such as mite or Alternaria alternata, and due to the increasing incidence of drug hypersensitivity. Second, the female predominance of autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis is well recognized but enigmatic, and a unifying hypothesis remains elusive. Third, the management of conditions triggered by infectious agents as in Guillain-Barre syndrome or mixed cryoglobulinemia is challenging, and clinical guidelines are needed in the setting of infections and autoimmunity. Fourth, gamma-delta T cells represent major players in innate immunity and are the subject of extensive studies in autoimmune diseases to provide new therapeutic targets for disease prevention or modulation in the near future. Ultimately, we acknowledge the major developments in the broad fields of rheumatology and immunology and expect that microbiota definition, epigenetics studies, and microRNA analysis will provide new exciting avenues toward the understanding and treatment of chronic and acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal,
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Lu
- Department of dermatology, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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38
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Liu Y, Liao J, Zhao M, Wu H, Yung S, Chan TM, Yoshimura A, Lu Q. Increased expression of TLR2 in CD4(+) T cells from SLE patients enhances immune reactivity and promotes IL-17 expression through histone modifications. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2683-93. [PMID: 26079624 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system has been shown to play an important pathologic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TLR2, a PRR, recognizes exogenous PAMPs, and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and has been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of the perpetuated inflammatory reactions in autoimmune diseases. Here, we report increased expression of TLR2 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD19(+) B cells, and CD14(+) monocytes from SLE patients. Conventional treatment, such as hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids, showed no effect on TLR2 expression in CD4(+) T cells from SLE patients. In vitro stimulation of TLR2 in CD4(+) T cells from SLE patients increased CD40L and CD70 expression, as well as secretion of IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, and TNF-α, while Foxp3 transcription decreased. This effect was reversed by TLR2 siRNA. Moreover, TLR2 activation upregulated H3K4 tri-methylation and H4 acetylation levels while downregulated H3K9 tri-methylation level in the IL-17A promoter region. In addition, it also increased H4 acetylation levels and decreased H3K9 tri-methylation levels in the IL-17F promoter region. In summary, our findings demonstrate that increased expression of TLR2 contributes to immune reactivity and promotes IL-17A and IL-17F expression through histone modifications in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jieyue Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Susan Yung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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39
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Renauer P, Coit P, Sawalha AH. Epigenetics and Vasculitis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 50:357-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Miao CG, Shi WJ, Xiong YY, Yu H, Zhang XL, Qin MS, Du CL, Song TW, Zhang B, Li J. MicroRNA-663 activates the canonical Wnt signaling through the adenomatous polyposis coli suppression. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:45-54. [PMID: 26028359 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a symmetrical polyarticular autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. In this present study, we observed that the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) expression is down-regulated and the expression of microRNA (miR)-663 increased significantly in synovium from RA patients compared with control. Target gene prediction for miR-663 revealed that the mRNA of APC gene, which is a member of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has a miR-663 binding site in its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). The result showed that increased miR-663 suppressed the APC expression significantly, and this down-regulation of APC expression triggered the activation of canonical Wnt signaling through accumulation of β-catenin in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). In addition, increased miR-663 induced the FLS proliferation and the expression MMP3 and fibronectin during disease development. Therefore, miR-663 can be considered as a critical regulator of RA pathogenesis and can be utilized for developing miRNA-based therapeutic agents for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-gui Miao
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-jing Shi
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - You-yi Xiong
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiao-lin Zhang
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Mei-song Qin
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Chuan-lai Du
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Epidemic Prevention and Surveillance, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Tong-wen Song
- Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal chronic lung disorder with no effective treatment and a prognosis worse than that of lung cancer. Despite extensive research efforts, its etiology and pathogenesis still remain largely unknown. Current experimental evidence has shifted the disease paradigm from chronic inflammation towards the premise of abnormal epithelial wound repair in response to repeated epigenetic injurious stimuli in genetically predisposed individuals. Epigenetics is defined as the study of heritable changes in gene function by factors other than an individual's DNA sequence, providing valuable information regarding adaption of genes to environmental changes. Although cancer is the most studied disease with relevance to epigenetic modifications, recent data support the idea that epigenomic alterations may lead to variable disease phenotypes, including fibroproliferative lung disorders such as IPF. This review article summarizes the latest experimental and translational epigenetic studies in the research field of chronic lung disorders, mainly focusing on IPF, highlights current methodology limitations, and underlines future directions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar St., TAC-441 South, P.O. Box 208057, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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42
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Grageda M, Silveyra P, Thomas NJ, DiAngelo SL, Floros J. DNA methylation profile and expression of surfactant protein A2 gene in lung cancer. Exp Lung Res 2014; 41:93-102. [PMID: 25514367 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.976298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the methylation profile of genes allow for the identification of biomarkers that may guide diagnosis and effective treatment of disease. Human surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in lung homeostasis and immunity, and is encoded by two genes (SFTPA1 and SFTPA2). The goal of this study was to identify differentially methylated CpG sites in the promoter region of the SFTPA2 gene in lung cancer tissue, and to determine the correlation between the promoter's methylation profile and gene expression. For this, we collected 28 pairs of cancerous human lung tissue and adjacent noncancerous (NC) lung tissue: 17 adenocarcinoma (AC), 9 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 2 AC with SCC features, and we evaluated DNA methylation of the SFTPA2 promoter region by bisulfite conversion. Our results identified a higher methylation ratio in one CpG site of the SFTPA2 gene in cancerous tissue versus NC tissue (0.36 versus 0.11, p = 0.001). When assessing AC samples, we also found cancerous tissues associated with a higher methylation ratio (0.43 versus 0.10, p = 0.02). In the SCC group, although cancerous tissue showed a higher methylation ratio (0.22 versus 0.11), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.35). Expression of SFTPA2 mRNA and total SP-A protein was significantly lower in cancer tissue when compared to adjacent NC tissue (p < 0.001), and correlated with the hypermethylated status of an SFTPA2 CpG site in AC samples. The findings of this pilot study may hold promise for future use of SFTPA2 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Grageda
- 1Pediatric Critical Care Division, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State Children's Hospital, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , United States
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43
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Gruzieva O, Merid SK, Melén E. An update on epigenetics and childhood respiratory diseases. Paediatr Respir Rev 2014; 15:348-54. [PMID: 25151612 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, defined as changes in phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, have been proposed to constitute a link between genetic and environmental factors that affect complex diseases. Recent studies show that DNA methylation, one of the key epigenetic mechanisms, is altered in children exposed to air pollutants and environmental tobacco smoke early in life. Several candidate gene studies on epigenetics have been published to date, but it is only recently that global methylation analyses have been performed for respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, large-scale studies with adequate power are yet to be presented in children, and implications for clinical use remain to be evaluated. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in epigenetics and respiratory disorders in children, with a main focus on methodological challenges and analyses related to phenotype and exposure using global methylation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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A microRNA upregulated in asthma airway T cells promotes TH2 cytokine production. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:1162-70. [PMID: 25362490 PMCID: PMC4233009 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert powerful effects on immunological function by tuning networks of target genes that orchestrate cell activity. We sought to identify miRNAs and miRNA-regulated pathways that control the type 2 helper T cell (TH2 cell) responses that drive pathogenic inflammation in asthma. Profiling miRNA expression in human airway-infiltrating T cells revealed elevated expression of the miRNA miR-19a in asthma. Modulating miR-19 activity altered TH2 cytokine production in both human and mouse T cells, and TH2 cell responses were markedly impaired in cells lacking the entire miR-17∼92 cluster. miR-19 promoted TH2 cytokine production and amplified inflammatory signaling by direct targeting of the inositol phosphatase PTEN, the signaling inhibitor SOCS1 and the deubiquitinase A20. Thus, upregulation of miR-19a in asthma may be an indicator and a cause of increased TH2 cytokine production in the airways.
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45
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Pathak RR, Davé V. Integrating omics technologies to study pulmonary physiology and pathology at the systems level. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 33:1239-60. [PMID: 24802001 PMCID: PMC4396816 DOI: 10.1159/000358693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assimilation and integration of "omics" technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has readily altered the landscape of medical research in the last decade. The vast and complex nature of omics data can only be interpreted by linking molecular information at the organismic level, forming the foundation of systems biology. Research in pulmonary biology/medicine has necessitated integration of omics, network, systems and computational biology data to differentially diagnose, interpret, and prognosticate pulmonary diseases, facilitating improvement in therapy and treatment modalities. This review describes how to leverage this emerging technology in understanding pulmonary diseases at the systems level -called a "systomic" approach. Considering the operational wholeness of cellular and organ systems, diseased genome, proteome, and the metabolome needs to be conceptualized at the systems level to understand disease pathogenesis and progression. Currently available omics technology and resources require a certain degree of training and proficiency in addition to dedicated hardware and applications, making them relatively less user friendly for the pulmonary biologist and clinicians. Herein, we discuss the various strategies, computational tools and approaches required to study pulmonary diseases at the systems level for biomedical scientists and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ramesh Pathak
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
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Selmi C, Shoenfeld Y. Open questions in autoimmunity: discussions from the 2013 Controversies in Rheumatology and Autoimmunity Meeting. BMC Med 2014; 12:50. [PMID: 24642104 PMCID: PMC3984700 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent CORA (Controversies in Rheumatology and Autoimmunity) meeting held in 2013 represented a unique opportunity for rheumatologists to address several topics. Among these, four topics include: (i) the role of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as shown by studies in monozygotic twins; (ii) the cardiovascular and atherosclerotic risk in patients with RA treated with biologics; (iii) the use of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of RA and other autoimmune diseases, as represented by the new automatic machines for anti-nuclear antibodies detection, or ultrasound imaging to follow RA progression; and (iv) the latest guidelines on how to use and manage biologic therapies in RA and other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus. In summary, we will herein present these topics of discussion and underline the conclusions obtained by rheumatologists during the 2013 CORA Meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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