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Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119857. [PMID: 38986861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most common neurodegenerative disorders. AD is characterized by deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, leading to associated secondary pathologies, progressive neurodegeneration, and eventually death. Currently used diagnostics are largely image-based, lack accuracy and do not detect early disease, ie, prior to onset of symptoms, thus limiting treatment options and outcomes. Although biomarkers such as amyloid-β and tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid have gained much attention, these are generally limited to disease progression. Unfortunately, identification of biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. As such, body fluids such as sweat, serum, saliva, mucosa, tears, and urine are under investigation as alternative sources for biomarkers that can aid in early disease detection. This review focuses on biomarkers identified through proteomics in various biofluids and their potential for early and accurate diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities, & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Lacar B, Ferdosi S, Alavi A, Stukalov A, Venkataraman GR, de Geus M, Dodge H, Wu CY, Kivisakk P, Das S, Guturu H, Hyman B, Batzoglou S, Arnold SE, Siddiqui A. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Using Unbiased Plasma Proteomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574446. [PMID: 38260620 PMCID: PMC10802486 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) is a complex disease with multiple pathophysiological drivers that determine clinical symptomology and disease progression. These diseases develop insidiously over time, through many pathways and disease mechanisms and continue to have a huge societal impact for affected individuals and their families. While emerging blood-based biomarkers, such as plasma p-tau181 and p-tau217, accurately detect Alzheimer neuropthology and are associated with faster cognitive decline, the full extension of plasma proteomic changes in ADRD remains unknown. Earlier detection and better classification of the different subtypes may provide opportunities for earlier, more targeted interventions, and perhaps a higher likelihood of successful therapeutic development. In this study, we aim to leverage unbiased mass spectrometry proteomics to identify novel, blood-based biomarkers associated with cognitive decline. 1,786 plasma samples from 1,005 patients were collected over 12 years from partcipants in the Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Longitudinal Cohort Study. Patient metadata includes demographics, final diagnoses, and clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores taken concurrently. The Proteograph™ Product Suite (Seer, Inc.) and liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis were used to process the plasma samples in this cohort and generate unbiased proteomics data. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry results yielded 36,259 peptides and 4,007 protein groups. Linear mixed effects models revealed 138 differentially abundant proteins between AD and healthy controls. Machine learning classification models for AD diagnosis identified potential candidate biomarkers including MBP, BGLAP, and APoD. Cox regression models were created to determine the association of proteins with disease progression and suggest CLNS1A, CRISPLD2, and GOLPH3 as targets of further investigation as potential biomarkers. The Proteograph workflow provided deep, unbiased coverage of the plasma proteome at a speed that enabled a cohort study of almost 1,800 samples, which is the largest, deep, unbiased proteomics study of ADRD conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthijs de Geus
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Hiroko Dodge
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Pia Kivisakk
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Brad Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Steven E. Arnold
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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del Valle E, Rubio-Sardón N, Menéndez-Pérez C, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro A. Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15631. [PMID: 37958618 PMCID: PMC10650001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs) are a diverse group of pathologies, including schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, that directly affect the mental and physical health of those who suffer from them, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Most NDs result from a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors such as stress or traumatic events, including the recent Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to diverse clinical presentations, these diseases are heterogeneous in their pathogenesis, brain regions affected, and clinical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is essential for the detection, prognosis, response prediction, and development of new treatments for NDs. Among the most promising candidates is the apolipoprotein D (Apo D), a component of lipoproteins implicated in lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests an increase in Apo D expression in association with aging and in the presence of neuropathological processes. As a part of the cellular neuroprotective defense machinery against oxidative stress and inflammation, changes in Apo D levels have been demonstrated in neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorders (BPD), not only in some brain areas but in corporal fluids, i.e., blood or serum of patients. What is not clear is whether variation in Apo D quantity could be used as an indicator to detect NDs and their progression. This review aims to provide an updated view of the clinical potential of Apo D as a possible biomarker for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva del Valle
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Rubio-Sardón
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlota Menéndez-Pérez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Lok HC, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Fu Y, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Elevated GRO-α and IL-18 in serum and brain implicate the NLRP3 inflammasome in frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8942. [PMID: 37268663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a heterogeneous group of proteinopathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. It is marked by microglial activation and subsequent cytokine release. Although cytokine levels in FTD brain and CSF have been examined, the number of cytokines measured in each study is limited and knowledge on cytokine concentrations in FTD serum is scarce. Here, we assessed 48 cytokines in FTD serum and brain. The aim was to determine common cytokine dysregulation pathways in serum and brain in FTD. Blood samples and brain tissue samples from the superior frontal cortex (SFC) were collected from individuals diagnosed with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and healthy controls, and 48 cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunological assay. The data were evaluated by principal component factor analysis to determine the contribution from different components of the variance in the cohort. Levels of a number of cytokines were altered in serum and SFC in bvFTD compared to controls, with increases in GRO-α and IL-18 in both serum and SFC. These changes could be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation or the NFκB pathway, which activates NLRP3. The results suggest the possible importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in FTD. An improved understanding of the role of inflammasomes in FTD could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Chuen Lok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Sun N, Akay LA, Murdock MH, Park Y, Galiana-Melendez F, Bubnys A, Galani K, Mathys H, Jiang X, Ng AP, Bennett DA, Tsai LH, Kellis M. Single-nucleus multiregion transcriptomic analysis of brain vasculature in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:970-982. [PMID: 37264161 PMCID: PMC10464935 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysregulation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the changes that occur in specific cell types have not been fully characterized. Here, we profile single-nucleus transcriptomes in the human cerebrovasculature in six brain regions from 220 individuals with AD and 208 age-matched controls. We annotate 22,514 cerebrovascular cells, including 11 subtypes of endothelial, pericyte, smooth muscle, perivascular fibroblast and ependymal cells. We identify 2,676 differentially expressed genes in AD, including downregulation of PDGFRB in pericytes, and of ABCB1 and ATP10A in endothelial cells, and validate the downregulation of SLC6A1 and upregulation of APOD, INSR and COL4A1 in postmortem AD brain tissues. We detect vasculature, glial and neuronal coexpressed gene modules, suggesting coordinated neurovascular unit dysregulation in AD. Integration with AD genetics reveals 125 AD differentially expressed genes directly linked to AD-associated genetic variants. Lastly, we show that APOE4 genotype-associated differences are significantly enriched among AD-associated genes in capillary and venule endothelial cells, as well as subsets of pericytes and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leyla Anne Akay
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell H Murdock
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yongjin Park
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fabiola Galiana-Melendez
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adele Bubnys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Galani
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayesha P Ng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Manolis Kellis
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease is modified by altered gene expression in the presence of human apoE isoforms during aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:63-74. [PMID: 36638682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated brain amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation throughout the aging process in an amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in (KI) mouse model of AD that expresses human APPNL-G-F with or without human apoE4 or apoE3. Brain Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in 9-month-old mice that express human isoforms of apoE than in age-matched APP-KI control mice. Linear accumulation of Aβ42 began in 5-month-old apoE4 mice, and a strong increase in Aβ42 levels was observed in 21-month-old apoE3 mice. Aβ42 levels in cerebroventricular fluid were higher in apoE3 than in apoE4 mice at 6-7 months of age, suggesting that apoE3 is more efficient at clearing Aβ42 than apoE4 at these ages. However, apoE3 protein levels were lower than apoE4 protein levels in the brains of 21-month-old apoE3 and apoE4 mice, respectively, which may explain the rapid increase in brain Aβ42 burden in apoE3 mice. We identified genes that were downregulated in a human apoE-dependent (apoE4 > apoE3) and age-dependent (apoE3 = apoE4) manner, which may regulate brain Aβ burden and/or AD progression. Analysis of gene expression in AD mouse models helps identify molecular mechanisms of pleiotropy by the human APOE gene during aging.
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Isik FI, Katzeff JS, Fu Y, Kim WS. Understanding the Role of CDH4 in Multiple System Atrophy Brain. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1303-1311. [PMID: 38143373 PMCID: PMC10741323 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. A major pathological feature of MSA is the presence of α-synuclein aggregates in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. A genome-wide association study revealed that the CDH4 gene is associated with MSA. However, virtually nothing is known about the role of CDH4 in the context of MSA. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the expression of CDH4 between MSA and control brains, and to investigate its relationship with α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes. METHODS RNA and protein were prepared from putamen, motor cortex white matter, cerebellum, and superior occipital cortex tissues collected from MSA (N = 11) and control (N = 13) brains. The expression of CDH4 was measured at mRNA and protein levels by qPCR and western blotting. Oligodendrocyte cells were cultured on plates and transfected with CDH4 cDNA and its impact on α-synuclein was analyzed. RESULTS Firstly, we found that CDH4 in MSA brain was significantly elevated in the disease-affected motor cortex white matter in MSA (N = 11) compared to controls (N = 13) and unaltered in the disease-unaffected superior occipital cortex. Secondly, we determined that increases in CDH4 expression caused changes in the cellular levels of α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS When put together, these results provide evidence that support the GWAS association of CDH4 with MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finula I. Isik
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S. Katzeff
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Nassar A, Kodi T, Satarker S, Chowdari Gurram P, Upadhya D, SM F, Mudgal J, Nampoothiri M. Astrocytic MicroRNAs and Transcription Factors in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244111. [PMID: 36552875 PMCID: PMC9776935 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are important for maintaining cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and neurotransmission. Indeed, inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration contribute to the altered morphology, gene expression, and function of astrocytes. Astrocytes, in collaboration with numerous microRNAs, regulate brain cholesterol levels as well as glutamatergic and inflammatory signaling, all of which contribute to general brain homeostasis. Neural electrical activity, synaptic plasticity processes, learning, and memory are dependent on the astrocyte-neuron crosstalk. Here, we review the involvement of astrocytic microRNAs that potentially regulate cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction between astrocytic microRNAs and long non-coding RNA and transcription factors specific to astrocytes also contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, astrocytic microRNAs arise as a promising target, as AD conditions are a worldwide public health problem. This review examines novel therapeutic strategies to target astrocyte dysfunction in AD, such as lipid nanodiscs, engineered G protein-coupled receptors, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Fayaz SM
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence:
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Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111943. [PMID: 36431078 PMCID: PMC9693249 DOI: 10.3390/life12111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not only for various EV-loaded molecules to be delivered to the brain tissues but also for the CNS-to-periphery transmission of these molecules. Since neural EVs transfer proteins and RNAs are both responsible for functional intercellular communication and involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, they represent attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss EVs' role in maintaining the living organisms' function and describe deviations in EVs' structure and malfunctioning during various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dwomoh L, Rossi M, Scarpa M, Khajehali E, Molloy C, Herzyk P, Mistry SN, Bottrill AR, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Conn J, Lindsley CW, Bradley SJ, Tobin AB. M 1 muscarinic receptor activation reduces the molecular pathology and slows the progression of prion-mediated neurodegenerative disease. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm3720. [PMID: 36378750 PMCID: PMC7616172 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Many dementias are propagated through the spread of "prion-like" misfolded proteins. This includes prion diseases themselves (such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which no treatments are available to slow or stop progression. The M1 acetylcholine muscarinic receptor (M1 receptor) is abundant in the brain, and its activity promotes cognitive function in preclinical models and in patients with AD. Here, we investigated whether activation of the M1 receptor might slow the progression of neurodegeneration associated with prion-like misfolded protein in a mouse model of prion disease. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus revealed that this model had a molecular profile that was similar to that of human neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Chronic enhancement of the activity of the M1 receptor with the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0486846 reduced the abundance of prion-induced molecular markers of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysregulation in the hippocampus and normalized the abundance of those associated with neurotransmission, including synaptic and postsynaptic signaling components. PAM treatment of prion-infected mice prolonged survival and maintained cognitive function. Thus, allosteric activation of M1 receptors may reduce the severity of neurodegenerative diseases caused by the prion-like propagation of misfolded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dwomoh
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mario Rossi
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colin Molloy
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew R Bottrill
- Research Technology Platforms, University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Centre for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Centre for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sophie J Bradley
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Huo C, Chen MH, Hour TC, Huang LC, Fong YO, Kuo YY, Yang YH, Chuu CP. Application of Micro-Western Array for Identifying Different Serum Protein Expression Profile among Healthy Control, Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Patients’ Adult Children. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091134. [PMID: 36138870 PMCID: PMC9496696 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Increased levels of inflammatory proteins have been observed in brain and plasma samples of AD patients; however, it is not clear if other serum proteins correlate to the development or disease progression of AD. (2) Methods: Micro-Western Array (MWA) is a high-throughput antibody-based proteomics system which allows detection of the expression levels of 24–96 different proteins within 6–30 samples simultaneously. We applied MWA to explore potential serum protein biomarkers correlated to the development and progression of AD by examining the difference in serum protein profile of 31 healthy control (HC), 30 patients with AD and 30 patients’ adult children (ACS). (3) Results: Compared to HC, AD and ACS express similar pattern of serum proteins, including higher protein levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, SREBP1 and LXRβ but lower protein levels of ApoD, ApoE, ApoH, c_Myc, COX2 and Hippo-YAP signaling proteins. AD patients had higher serum levels of ABCG1, ApoD, ApoH, COX2, LXRα and YAP, but lower levels of ABCA1, ApoE, c_Myc, LATS1, MST1, MST2, Nanog, NFκB_p50, PPARγ and SREBP2, as compared to ACS. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the protein expression level of ApoE, c_Myc, LATS1, MST2, NFκB p50, PPARγ and SREBP1 was negatively correlated to age, while that of ApoE, c_Myc, LATS1, MST1, MST2, Nanog, NFκB p50 and PPARγ was positively correlated to age. (4) Conclusions: We identified a group of serum proteins which may correlate to disease progression of AD and can be potential diagnostic serum protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh Huo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-On Fong
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3162-158 (Y.-H.Y.); +886-37-206-166 (ext. 37300) (C.-P.C.)
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Aging, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3162-158 (Y.-H.Y.); +886-37-206-166 (ext. 37300) (C.-P.C.)
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12
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Xia Y, Prokop S, Bell BM, Gorion KMM, Croft CL, Nasif L, Xu G, Riffe CJ, Manaois AN, Strang KH, Quintin SS, Paterno G, Tansey MG, Borchelt DR, Golde TE, Giasson BI. Pathogenic tau recruits wild-type tau into brain inclusions and induces gut degeneration in transgenic SPAM mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:446. [PMID: 35550593 PMCID: PMC9098443 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological tau inclusions are neuropathologic hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases. We generated and characterized a transgenic mouse model expressing pathogenic human tau with S320F and P301S aggregating mutations (SPAM) at transgene levels below endogenous mouse tau protein levels. This mouse model develops a predictable temporal progression of tau pathology in the brain with biochemical and ultrastructural properties akin to authentic tau inclusions. Surprisingly, pathogenic human tau extensively recruited endogenous mouse tau into insoluble aggregates. Despite the early onset and rapid progressive nature of tau pathology, major neuroinflammatory and transcriptional changes were only detectable at later time points. Moreover, tau SPAM mice are the first model to develop loss of enteric neurons due to tau accumulation resulting in a lethal phenotype. With moderate transgene expression, rapidly progressing tau pathology, and a highly predictable lethal phenotype, the tau SPAM model reveals new associations of tau neurotoxicity in the brain and intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Xia
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Brach M. Bell
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kimberly-Marie M. Gorion
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Cara L. Croft
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Lith Nasif
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Cara J. Riffe
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Alyssa N. Manaois
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kevin H. Strang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Stephan S. Quintin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Giavanna Paterno
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - David R. Borchelt
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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13
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Becirovic-Agic M, Chalise U, Jung M, Rodriguez-Paar JR, Konfrst SR, Flynn ER, Salomon JD, Hall ME, Lindsey ML. Faster skin wound healing predicts survival after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H537-H548. [PMID: 35089808 PMCID: PMC8917917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both skin wound healing and the cardiac response to myocardial infarction (MI) progress through similar pathways involving inflammation, resolution, tissue repair, and scar formation. Due to the similarities, we hypothesized that the healing response to skin wounding would predict future response to MI. Mice were given a 3-mm skin wound using a disposable biopsy punch and the skin wound was imaged daily until closure. The same set of animals was given MI by permanent coronary artery ligation 28 days later and followed for 7 days. Cardiac physiology was measured by echocardiography at baseline and MI days 3 and 7. Animals that survived until day 7 were grouped as survivors, and animals that died from MI were grouped as nonsurvivors. Survivors had faster skin wound healing than nonsurvivors. Faster skin wound healing predicted MI survival better than commonly used cardiac functional variables (e.g., infarct size, fractional shortening, and end diastolic dimension). N-glycoproteome profiling of MI day 3 plasma revealed α2-macroglobulin and ELL-associated factor 1 as strong predictors of future MI death and progression to heart failure. A second cohort of MI mice validated these findings. To investigate the clinical relevance of α2-macroglobulin, we mapped the plasma glycoproteome in patients with MI 48 h after admission and in healthy controls. In patients, α2-macroglobulin was increased 48 h after MI. Apolipoprotein D, another plasma glycoprotein, detrimentally regulated both skin and cardiac wound healing in male but not female mice by promoting inflammation. Our results reveal that the skin is a mirror to the heart and common pathways link wound healing across organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Faster skin wound healers had more efficient cardiac healing after myocardial infarction (MI). Two plasma proteins at D3 MI, EAF1 and A2M, predicted MI death in 66% of cases. ApoD regulated both skin and cardiac wound healing in male mice by promoting inflammation. The skin was a mirror to the heart and common pathways linked wound healing across organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Upendra Chalise
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jocelyn R Rodriguez-Paar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jeffrey D Salomon
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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14
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Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Functional Portrait: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738991. [PMID: 34690812 PMCID: PMC8530192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D is a chordate gene early originated in the Lipocalin protein family. Among other features, regulation of its expression in a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, as apparently unrelated as neurodegeneration or breast cancer, have called for attention on this gene. Also, its presence in different tissues, from blood to brain, and different subcellular locations, from HDL lipoparticles to the interior of lysosomes or the surface of extracellular vesicles, poses an interesting challenge in deciphering its physiological function: Is ApoD a moonlighting protein, serving different roles in different cellular compartments, tissues, or organisms? Or does it have a unique biochemical mechanism of action that accounts for such apparently diverse roles in different physiological situations? To answer these questions, we have performed a systematic review of all primary publications where ApoD properties have been investigated in chordates. We conclude that ApoD ligand binding in the Lipocalin pocket, combined with an antioxidant activity performed at the rim of the pocket are properties sufficient to explain ApoD association with different lipid-based structures, where its physiological function is better described as lipid-management than by long-range lipid-transport. Controlling the redox state of these lipid structures in particular subcellular locations or extracellular structures, ApoD is able to modulate an enormous array of apparently diverse processes in the organism, both in health and disease. The new picture emerging from these data should help to put the physiological role of ApoD in new contexts and to inspire well-focused future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
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15
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Laudanski K. Persistence of Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Alterations after Sepsis: Implication for Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910517. [PMID: 34638860 PMCID: PMC8508791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis is one of the most common critical care illnesses with increasing survivorship. The quality of life in sepsis survivors is adversely affected by several co-morbidities, including increased incidence of dementia, stroke, cardiac disease and at least temporary deterioration in cognitive dysfunction. One of the potential explanations for their progression is the persistence of lipid profile abnormalities induced during acute sepsis into recovery, resulting in acceleration of atherosclerosis. (2) Methods: This is a targeted review of the abnormalities in the long-term lipid profile abnormalities after sepsis; (3) Results: There is a well-established body of evidence demonstrating acute alteration in lipid profile (HDL-c ↓↓, LDL-C -c ↓↓). In contrast, a limited number of studies demonstrated depression of HDL-c levels with a concomitant increase in LDL-C -c in the wake of sepsis. VLDL-C -c and Lp(a) remained unaltered in few studies as well. Apolipoprotein A1 was altered in survivors suggesting abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism concomitant to overall lipoprotein abnormalities. However, most of the studies were limited to a four-month follow-up and patient groups were relatively small. Only one study looked at the atherosclerosis progression in sepsis survivors using clinical correlates, demonstrating an acceleration of plaque formation in the aorta, and a large metanalysis suggested an increase in the risk of stroke or acute coronary event between 3% to 9% in sepsis survivors. (4) Conclusions: The limited evidence suggests an emergence and persistence of the proatherogenic lipid profile in sepsis survivors that potentially contributes, along with other factors, to the clinical sequel of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; ; Tel.: +1-215-662-8200
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Ben Khedher MR, Haddad M, Laurin D, Ramassamy C. Effect of APOE ε4 allele on levels of apolipoproteins E, J, and D, and redox signature in circulating extracellular vesicles from cognitively impaired with no dementia participants converted to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12231. [PMID: 34541286 PMCID: PMC8438681 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The substantial link between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and oxidative stress may underlie enhanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Here, we studied the impact of APOE ε4 on the level of apolipoproteins with antioxidant activities along with oxidative markers in circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) and plasma from cognitively impaired-not demented (CIND) individuals converted to AD (CIND-AD). METHODS Apolipoproteins E, J, and D and antioxidant response markers were determined in cEVs and plasma using immunoblotting, electrochemical examination, and spectrofluorimetry. RESULTS Total antioxidant capacity and apolipoprotein D levels in cEVs, as judged by regression analysis and cognitive performance correlations, allowed us to differentiate CIND APOE ε4 carriers from controls and to predict their progression to AD 5 years later. DISCUSSION Our findings support the pathological redox linkage between APOE ε4 and AD onset and suggest the use of cEVs oxidative signature in early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- INRS‐Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé‐BiotechnologieLavalQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- INRS‐Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé‐BiotechnologieLavalQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de QuébecCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CentreVITAM‐Centre de recherche en santé durableQuébecQuébecCanada
- Faculty of PharmacyLaval UniversityQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS‐Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé‐BiotechnologieLavalQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
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Desmarais F, Hervé V, Bergeron KF, Ravaut G, Perrotte M, Fyfe-Desmarais G, Rassart E, Ramassamy C, Mounier C. Cerebral Apolipoprotein D Exits the Brain and Accumulates in Peripheral Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084118. [PMID: 33923459 PMCID: PMC8073497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a secreted lipocalin associated with neuroprotection and lipid metabolism. In rodent, the bulk of its expression occurs in the central nervous system. Despite this, ApoD has profound effects in peripheral tissues, indicating that neural ApoD may reach peripheral organs. We endeavor to determine if cerebral ApoD can reach the circulation and accumulate in peripheral tissues. Three hours was necessary for over 40% of all the radiolabeled human ApoD (hApoD), injected bilaterally, to exit the central nervous system (CNS). Once in circulation, hApoD accumulates mostly in the kidneys/urine, liver, and muscles. Accumulation specificity of hApoD in these tissues was strongly correlated with the expression of lowly glycosylated basigin (BSG, CD147). hApoD was observed to pass through bEnd.3 blood brain barrier endothelial cells monolayers. However, cyclophilin A did not impact hApoD internalization rates in bEnd.3, indicating that ApoD exit from the brain is either independent of BSG or relies on additional cell types. Overall, our data showed that ApoD can quickly and efficiently exit the CNS and reach the liver and kidneys/urine, organs linked to the recycling and excretion of lipids and toxins. This indicated that cerebral overexpression during neurodegenerative episodes may serve to evacuate neurotoxic ApoD ligands from the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Desmarais
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Centre de Recherches CERMO-FC, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (F.D.); (K.F.B.); (G.R.); (G.F.-D.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.H.); (E.R.)
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.H.); (E.R.)
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada;
| | - Karl F. Bergeron
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Centre de Recherches CERMO-FC, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (F.D.); (K.F.B.); (G.R.); (G.F.-D.)
| | - Gaétan Ravaut
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Centre de Recherches CERMO-FC, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (F.D.); (K.F.B.); (G.R.); (G.F.-D.)
| | - Morgane Perrotte
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada;
| | - Guillaume Fyfe-Desmarais
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Centre de Recherches CERMO-FC, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (F.D.); (K.F.B.); (G.R.); (G.F.-D.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.H.); (E.R.)
| | - Eric Rassart
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.H.); (E.R.)
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada;
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Centre de Recherches CERMO-FC, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (F.D.); (K.F.B.); (G.R.); (G.F.-D.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (C.M.)
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Martínez-Pinilla E, Rubio-Sardón N, Peláez R, García-Álvarez E, del Valle E, Tolivia J, Larráyoz IM, Navarro A. Neuroprotective Effect of Apolipoprotein D in Cuprizone-Induced Cell Line Models: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1260. [PMID: 33514021 PMCID: PMC7866080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (Apo D) overexpression is a general finding across neurodegenerative conditions so the role of this apolipoprotein in various neuropathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS) has aroused a great interest in last years. However, its mode of action, as a promising compound for the development of neuroprotective drugs, is unknown. The aim of this work was to address the potential of Apo D to prevent the action of cuprizone (CPZ), a toxin widely used for developing MS models, in oligodendroglial and neuroblastoma cell lines. On one hand, immunocytochemical quantifications and gene expression measures showed that CPZ compromised neural mitochondrial metabolism but did not induce the expression of Apo D, except in extremely high doses in neurons. On the other hand, assays of neuroprotection demonstrated that antipsychotic drug, clozapine, induced an increase in Apo D synthesis only in the presence of CPZ, at the same time that prevented the loss of viability caused by the toxin. The effect of the exogenous addition of human Apo D, once internalized, was also able to directly revert the loss of cell viability caused by treatment with CPZ by a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent mechanism of action. Taken together, our results suggest that increasing Apo D levels, in an endo- or exogenous way, moderately prevents the neurotoxic effect of CPZ in a cell model that seems to replicate some features of MS which would open new avenues in the development of interventions to afford MS-related neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (N.R.-S.); (E.G.-Á.); (E.d.V.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Núria Rubio-Sardón
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (N.R.-S.); (E.G.-Á.); (E.d.V.); (A.N.)
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (R.P.); (I.M.L.)
| | - Enrique García-Álvarez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (N.R.-S.); (E.G.-Á.); (E.d.V.); (A.N.)
| | - Eva del Valle
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (N.R.-S.); (E.G.-Á.); (E.d.V.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Tolivia
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (N.R.-S.); (E.G.-Á.); (E.d.V.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (R.P.); (I.M.L.)
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (N.R.-S.); (E.G.-Á.); (E.d.V.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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19
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Kalli ΕG. The Effect of Nutrients on Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers: A Metabolomic Approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1339:301-308. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010011. [PMID: 33374313 PMCID: PMC7824310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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21
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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22
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Chen WT, Lu A, Craessaerts K, Pavie B, Sala Frigerio C, Corthout N, Qian X, Laláková J, Kühnemund M, Voytyuk I, Wolfs L, Mancuso R, Salta E, Balusu S, Snellinx A, Munck S, Jurek A, Fernandez Navarro J, Saido TC, Huitinga I, Lundeberg J, Fiers M, De Strooper B. Spatial Transcriptomics and In Situ Sequencing to Study Alzheimer's Disease. Cell 2020; 182:976-991.e19. [PMID: 32702314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although complex inflammatory-like alterations are observed around the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about the molecular changes and cellular interactions that characterize this response. We investigate here, in an AD mouse model, the transcriptional changes occurring in tissue domains in a 100-μm diameter around amyloid plaques using spatial transcriptomics. We demonstrate early alterations in a gene co-expression network enriched for myelin and oligodendrocyte genes (OLIGs), whereas a multicellular gene co-expression network of plaque-induced genes (PIGs) involving the complement system, oxidative stress, lysosomes, and inflammation is prominent in the later phase of the disease. We confirm the majority of the observed alterations at the cellular level using in situ sequencing on mouse and human brain sections. Genome-wide spatial transcriptomics analysis provides an unprecedented approach to untangle the dysregulated cellular network in the vicinity of pathogenic hallmarks of AD and other brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katleen Craessaerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, Gent 9052, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Carlo Sala Frigerio
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, Gent 9052, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Iryna Voytyuk
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Leen Wolfs
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Evgenia Salta
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - An Snellinx
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, Gent 9052, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Jurek
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Stockholm 17121, Sweden
| | - Jose Fernandez Navarro
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Stockholm 17121, Sweden
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105BA, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098XH, the Netherlands
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Stockholm 17121, Sweden
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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23
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Control of the neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D expression by alternative promoter regions and differentially expressed mRNA 5' UTR variants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234857. [PMID: 32559215 PMCID: PMC7304576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is one of the few genes consistently overexpressed in the aging brain, and in most neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Its functions include metabolism regulation, myelin management, neuroprotection, and longevity regulation. Knowledge of endogenous regulatory mechanisms controlling brain disease-triggered ApoD expression is relevant if we want to boost pharmacologically its neuroprotecting potential. In addition to classical transcriptional control, Lipocalins have a remarkable variability in mRNA 5’UTR-dependent translation efficiency. Using bioinformatic analyses, we uncover strong selective pressures preserving ApoD 5’UTR properties, indicating unexpected functional conservation. PCR amplifications demonstrate the production of five 5’UTR variants (A-E) in mouse ApoD, with diverse expression levels across tissues and developmental stages. Importantly, Variant E is specifically expressed in the oxidative stress-challenged brain. Predictive analyses of 5’UTR secondary structures and enrichment in elements restraining translation, point to Variant E as a tight regulator of ApoD expression. We find two genomic regions conserved in human and mouse ApoD: a canonical (α) promoter region and a previously unknown region upstream of Variant E that could function as an alternative mouse promoter (β). Luciferase assays demonstrate that both α and β promoter regions can drive expression in cultured mouse astrocytes, and that Promoter β activity responds proportionally to incremental doses of the oxidative stress generator Paraquat. We postulate that Promoter β works in association with Variant E 5’UTR as a regulatory tandem that organizes ApoD gene expression in the nervous system in response to oxidative stress, the most common factor in aging and neurodegeneration.
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24
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Phan K, He Y, Pickford R, Bhatia S, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Uncovering pathophysiological changes in frontotemporal dementia using serum lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3640. [PMID: 32107421 PMCID: PMC7046653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood serum is enriched in lipids and has provided a platform to understand the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases with improved diagnosis and development of biomarkers. Understanding lipid changes in neurodegenerative diseases is particularly important because of the fact that lipids make up >50% of brain tissues. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia, characterized by brain atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions, concomitant loss of lipids and dyslipidemia. However, little is known about the link between dyslipidemia and FTD pathophysiology. Here, we utilized an innovative approach – lipidomics based on mass spectrometry – to investigate three key aspects of FTD pathophysiology – mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We analyzed the lipids that are intrinsically linked to neurodegeneration in serum collected from FTD patients and controls. We found that cardiolipin, acylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine, platelet-activating factor, o-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acid and acrolein were specifically altered in FTD with strong correlation between the lipids, signifying pathophysiological changes in FTD. The lipid changes were verified by measurement of the common disease markers (e.g. ATP, cytokine, calcium) using conventional assays. When put together, these results support the use of lipidomics technology to detect pathophysiological changes in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Phan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Surabhi Bhatia
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Kuiperij HB, Hondius DC, Kersten I, Versleijen AAM, Rozemuller AJM, Greenberg SM, Schreuder FHBM, Klijn CJM, Verbeek MM. Apolipoprotein D: a potential biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:431-440. [PMID: 31872472 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the potential of apolipoprotein D (apoD) as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) after confirmation of its association with CAA pathology in human brain tissue. METHODS The association of apoD with CAA pathology was analysed in human occipital lobe tissue of CAA (n = 9), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 11) and healthy control cases (n = 11). ApoD levels were quantified in an age- and sex-matched CSF cohort of CAA patients (n = 31), AD patients (n = 27) and non-neurological controls (n = 67). The effects of confounding factors (age, sex, serum levels) on apoD levels were studied using CSF of non-neurological controls (age range 16-85 years), and paired CSF and serum samples. RESULTS ApoD was strongly associated with amyloid deposits in vessels, but not with parenchymal plaques in human brain tissue. CSF apoD levels correlated with age and were higher in men than women in subjects >50 years. The apoD CSF/serum ratio correlated with the albumin ratio. When controlling for confounding factors, CSF apoD levels were significantly lower in CAA patients compared with controls and compared with AD patients (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that apoD is specifically associated with CAA pathology and may be a CSF biomarker for CAA, but clinical application is complicated due to dependency on age, sex and blood-CSF barrier integrity. Well-controlled follow-up studies are required to determine whether apoD can be used as reliable biomarker for CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D C Hondius
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Kersten
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A A M Versleijen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F H B M Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Abdul Manap AS, Vijayabalan S, Madhavan P, Chia YY, Arya A, Wong EH, Rizwan F, Bindal U, Koshy S. Bacopa monnieri, a Neuroprotective Lead in Alzheimer Disease: A Review on Its Properties, Mechanisms of Action, and Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Drug Target Insights 2019; 13:1177392819866412. [PMID: 31391778 PMCID: PMC6669844 DOI: 10.1177/1177392819866412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is signified by cognitive decline, memory loss, and erratic behavior. Till date, no cure for Alzheimer exists and the current Alzheimer medications have limited effectiveness. However, herbal medicines may slow down the disease’s progression, which may hopefully reduce the number of cases in the years to come. Numerous studies have been done on characterizing the neuroprotective properties from plants belonging to Scrophulariaceae family, particularly Bacopa monnieri and its polyphenolic compounds known as bacosides. This review presents the findings on bacosides in therapeutic plants and their impact on Alzheimer disease pathology. These reports present data on the clinical, cellular activities, phytochemistry, and biological applications that may be used in new drug treatment for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Rizwan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Umesh Bindal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shajan Koshy
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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