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Cyran M, Stawarz K, Chambily L, Kusza K, Siemionow M. Assessment of Hematopoietic Response to Total Body Irradiation in a Rat Experimental Model. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 93:100-106. [PMID: 38785378 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to high doses of total body irradiation (TBI) may lead to the development of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). This study was conducted to establish an experimental rat model of TBI to assess the impact of different doses of TBI on survival and the kinetics of changes within the hematopoietic system in ARS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 132 Lewis rats irradiated with a 5Gy or 7Gy dose served as experimental models to induce ARS and to evaluate the hematopoietic response of the bone marrow (BM) compartment. Animals were divided into 22 experimental groups (n = 6/group): groups 1-11 irradiated with 5Gy dose and groups 12-22 irradiated with 7Gy dose. The effects of TBI on the hematopoietic response were assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8 hours and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 90 days following TBI. Signs of ARS were evaluated by analyzing blood samples through complete blood count in addition to the clinical assessment. RESULTS Groups irradiated with 5Gy TBI showed 100% survival, whereas after 7Gy dose, 1.6% mortality rate was observed. Assessment of the complete blood count revealed that lymphocytes were the first to be affected, regardless of the dose used, whereas an "abortive rise" of granulocytes was noted for both TBI doses. None of the animals exhibited signs of severe anemia or thrombocytopenia. All animals irradiated with 5Gy dose regained initial values for all blood cell subpopulations by the end of observation period. Body weight loss was reported to be dose-dependent and was more pronounced in the 7Gy groups. However, at the study end point at 90 days, all animals regained or exceeded the initial weight values. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully established a rat experimental model of TBI. This study revealed a comparable hematopoietic response to the sublethal or potentially lethal doses of ionizing radiation. The experimental rat model of TBI may be used to assess different therapeutic approaches including BM-based cell therapies for long-term reconstitution of the hematopoietic and BM compartments allowing for comprehensive analysis of both the hematological and clinical symptoms associated with ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Stawarz
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lucile Chambily
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Krzysztof Kusza
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Pain Management
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Denbeigh JM, Howard ME, Garcia DA, Debrot EK, Cole KC, Remmes NB, Beltran CJ. Characterizing Proton-Induced Biological Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Model: A Comparison of Bragg Peak and Entrance Beam Response in Single and Fractionated Exposures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:924-935. [PMID: 38310485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is a dynamic variable influenced by factors like linear energy transfer (LET), dose, tissue type, and biological endpoint. The standard fixed proton RBE of 1.1, currently used in clinical planning, may not accurately represent the true biological effects of proton therapy (PT) in all cases. This uncertainty can contribute to radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity in patients. In late-responding tissues such as the spinal cord, toxicity can cause devastating complications. This study investigated spinal cord tolerance in mice subjected to proton irradiation and characterized the influence of fractionation on proton- induced myelopathy at entrance (ENT) and Bragg peak (BP) positions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cervical spinal cords of 8-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were irradiated with single- or multi-fractions (18x) using lateral opposed radiation fields at 1 of 2 positions along the Bragg curve: ENT (dose-mean LET = 1.2 keV/μm) and BP (LET = 6.9 keV/μm). Mice were monitored over 1 year for changes in weight, mobility, and general health, with radiation-induced myelopathy as the primary biological endpoint. Calculations of the RBE of the ENT and BP curve (RBEENT/BP) were performed. RESULTS Single-fraction RBEENT/BP for 50% effect probability (tolerance dose (TD50), grade II paresis, determined using log-logistic model fitting) was 1.10 ± 0.06 (95% CI) and for multifraction treatments it was 1.19 ± 0.05 (95% CI). Higher incidence and faster onset of paralysis were seen in mice treated at the BP compared with ENT. CONCLUSIONS The findings challenge the universally fixed RBE value in PT, indicating up to a 25% mouse spinal cord RBEENT/BP variation for multifraction treatments. These results highlight the importance of considering fractionation in determining RBE for PT. Robust characterization of proton-induced toxicity, aided by in vivo models, is paramount for refining clinical decision-making and mitigating potential patient side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Michelle E Howard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Darwin A Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily K Debrot
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin C Cole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chris J Beltran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Lan XY, Kalkowski L, Chu CY, Jablonska A, Li S, Kai M, Gao Y, Janowski M, Walczak P. Unlocking the Potential of Ultra-High Dose Fractionated Radiation for Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma in Mice. J Cancer 2024; 15:4060-4071. [PMID: 38947383 PMCID: PMC11212101 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Current radiotherapy regimens for glioblastoma (GBM) have limited efficacy and fails to eradicate tumors. Regenerative medicine brings hope for repairing damaged tissue, opening opportunities for elevating the maximum acceptable radiation dose. In this study, we explored the effect of ultra-high dose fractionated radiation on tumor responses and brain injury in immunocompetent mice which can better mimic the tumor-host interactions observed in patients. We also evaluated the role of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha under radiation as potential target for combating radiation-induced brain injury. Methods: Naïve and Hif-1α+/- heterozygous mice received a fractionated daily dose of 20 Gy for three or five consecutive days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology were performed to assess brain injury post-radiation. The 2×105 human GBM1 luciferase-expressing cells were transplanted with tolerance induction protocol. Fractionated radiotherapy was performed during the exponential phase of tumor growth. Bioluminescence imaging, MRI, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to evaluate tumor growth dynamics and radiotherapy responses. Additionally, animal lifespan was recorded. Results: Fractionated radiation of 5×20 Gy induced severe brain damage, starting 3 weeks after radiation. All animals from this group died within 12 weeks. In contrast, later onset and less severe brain injury were observed starting 12 weeks after radiation of 3×20 Gy. It resulted in complete GBM eradication and survival of all treated animals. Furthermore, Hif-1α+/- mice exhibited more severe vascular damage after fractionated radiation of 3×20 Gy. Conclusion: Ultra-high dose fractionated 3×20 Gy radiation has the potential to fully eradicate GBM cells at the cost of only mild brain injury. The Hif-1α gene is a promising target for ameliorating vascular impairment post-radiation, encouraging the implementation of neurorestorative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lukasz Kalkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng-Yan Chu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Jablonska
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mihoko Kai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ma T, Li K, Sang W, Liu X, Luo Q, Peng Y, Wang M, Luo X, Fang J, Wang H, Wang T, Zuo C. Low-dose-rate induces more severe cognitive impairment than high-dose-rate in rats exposed to chronic low-dose γ-radiation. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1387330. [PMID: 38841686 PMCID: PMC11150688 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the long penetration depth of gamma (γ)-rays, individuals working in ionizing radiation environments are chronically exposed to low-dose γ-radiation, resulting in cognitive changes. Dose rate significantly affects radiation-induced biological effects; however, its role in chronic low-dose γ-irradiation-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether chronic low-dose γ-irradiation at low-dose-rate (LDR) could induce cognitive impairment and to compare the cognitive alteration caused by chronic low-dose γ-irradiation at LDR and high-dose-rate (HDR). Methods The rats were exposed to γ-irradiation at a LDR of 6 mGy/h and a HDR of 20 mGy/h for 30 days (5 h/day). Functional imaging was performed to assess the brain inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) destruction of rats. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were used to reveal the neuron damage and the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate changes in gene expression in hippocampus. Results The rats in the LDR group exhibited more persistent cognitive impairment than those in the HDR group. Furthermore, irradiated rats showed brain inflammation and a compromised BBB. Histologically, the number of hippocampal neurons were comparable in the LDR group but were markedly decreased in the HDR. Additionally, activated M1-like microglia and A1-like astrocytes were observed in the hippocampus of rats in the LDR group; however, only M1-like microglia were activated in the HDR group. Mechanistically, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway contributed to the different cognitive function change between the LDR group and HDR group. Conclusion Compared with chronic low-dose γ-irradiation at HDR, LDR induced more severe cognitive impairment which might involve PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Ma
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexian Li
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Sang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Shireman JM, White Q, Ni Z, Mohanty C, Cai Y, Zhao L, Agrawal N, Gonugunta N, Wang X, Mccarthy L, Kasulabada V, Pattnaik A, Ahmed AU, Miller J, Kulwin C, Cohen-Gadol A, Payner T, Lin CT, Savage JJ, Lane B, Shiue K, Kamer A, Shah M, Iyer G, Watson G, Kendziorski C, Dey M. Genomic analysis of human brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery reveals unique signature based on treatment failure. iScience 2024; 27:109601. [PMID: 38623341 PMCID: PMC11016778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of limited brain metastasis (BM); however, the effects of SRS on human brain metastases have yet to be studied. We performed genomic analysis on resected brain metastases from patients whose resected lesion was previously treated with SRS. Our analyses demonstrated for the first time that patients possess a distinct genomic signature based on type of treatment failure including local failure, leptomeningeal spread, and radio-necrosis. Examination of the center and peripheral edge of the tumors treated with SRS indicated differential DNA damage distribution and an enrichment for tumor suppressor mutations and DNA damage repair pathways along the peripheral edge. Furthermore, the two clinical modalities used to deliver SRS, LINAC and GK, demonstrated differential effects on the tumor landscape even between controlled primary sites. Our study provides, in human, biological evidence of differential effects of SRS across BM's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Quinn White
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chitrasen Mohanty
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yujia Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nikita Gonugunta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liam Mccarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Varshitha Kasulabada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Akshita Pattnaik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Miller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Charles Kulwin
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Troy Payner
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Ta Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jesse J. Savage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandon Lane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Shiue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Kamer
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mitesh Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gordon Watson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Bécam J, Ropars G, Dwiri FA, Brunaud C, Toutain J, Chazalviel L, Naveau M, Valable S, Bernaudin M, Touzani O, Pérès EA. Physical Activity Attenuates Brain Irradiation-Associated Skeletal Muscle Damage in the Rat. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1081-1093. [PMID: 37866760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy for brain tumors increases patient survival. Nonetheless, side effects are increasingly reported such as cognitive deficits and fatigue. The etiology of fatigue remains poorly described. Our hypothesis is that the abscopal effects of radiation therapy on skeletal muscle may be involved in fatigue. The present study aims to assess the effect of brain irradiation on skeletal muscles and its relationship with fatigue and to analyze whether physical activity could counteract brain radiation-induced side effects. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed between 4 groups: control (CTL), irradiated (IR), nonirradiated with physical activity (PA), and irradiated with physical activity (IR+PA). IR rats were exposed to a whole-brain irradiation (WBI) of 30 Gy (3 × 10 Gy). Rats subjected to PA underwent sessions of running on a treadmill, 3 times/week for 6 months. The effects of WBI on muscles were evaluated by complementary approaches: behavioral tests (fatigue, locomotion activity), magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic analyses. RESULTS IR rats displayed a significant fatigue and a reduced locomotor activity at short term compared with the CTL group, which were attenuated with PA at 6 months after WBI. The IR rat's gastrocnemius mass decreased compared with CTL rats, which was reversed by physical activity at 14 days after WBI. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the skeletal muscle highlighted an alteration of the fiber organization in IR rats as demonstrated by a significant decrease of the mean diffusivity in the gastrocnemius at short term. Alteration of fibers was confirmed by histologic analyses: the number of type I fibers was decreased, whereas that of type IIa fibers was increased in IR animals but not in the IR+PA group. CONCLUSIONS The data show that WBI induces skeletal muscle damage, which is attenuated by PA. This muscle damage may explain, at least in part, the fatigue of patients treated with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bécam
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Gwenn Ropars
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Fatima-Azzahra Dwiri
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Carole Brunaud
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chazalviel
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Normandie Université, UAR3408/US50, Cyceron, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Elodie Anne Pérès
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France.
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Marino N, Bedeschi M, Vaccari ME, Cambiaghi M, Tesei A. Glitches in the brain: the dangerous relationship between radiotherapy and brain fog. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1328361. [PMID: 38515789 PMCID: PMC10956129 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1328361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to approximately 70% of cancer survivors report persistent deficits in memory, attention, speed of information processing, multi-tasking, and mental health functioning, a series of symptoms known as "brain fog." The severity and duration of such effects can vary depending on age, cancer type, and treatment regimens. In particular, every year, hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide undergo radiotherapy (RT) for primary brain tumors and brain metastases originating from extracranial tumors. Besides its potential benefits in the control of tumor progression, recent studies indicate that RT reprograms the brain tumor microenvironment inducing increased activation of microglia and astrocytes and a consequent general condition of neuroinflammation that in case it becomes chronic could lead to a cognitive decline. Furthermore, radiation can induce endothelium reticulum (ER) stress directly or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) activating compensatory survival signaling pathways in the RT-surviving fraction of healthy neuronal and glial cells. In particular, the anomalous accumulation of misfolding proteins in neuronal cells exposed to radiation as a consequence of excessive activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) could pave the way to neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, exposure of cells to ionizing radiation was also shown to affect the normal proteasome activity, slowing the degradation rate of misfolded proteins, and further exacerbating ER-stress conditions. This compromises several neuronal functions, with neuronal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins with a consequent switch from proteasome to immunoproteasome that increases neuroinflammation, a crucial risk factor for neurodegeneration. The etiology of brain fog remains elusive and can arise not only during treatment but can also persist for an extended period after the end of RT. In this review, we will focus on the molecular pathways triggered by radiation therapy affecting cognitive functions and potentially at the origin of so-called "brain fog" symptomatology, with the aim to define novel therapeutic strategies to preserve healthy brain tissue from cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Marino
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Melania Elettra Vaccari
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
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Zhang S, Li M, Qiu Y, Wu J, Xu X, Ma Q, Zheng Z, Lu G, Deng Z, Huang H. Enhanced VEGF secretion and blood-brain barrier disruption: Radiation-mediated inhibition of astrocyte autophagy via PI3K-AKT pathway activation. Glia 2024; 72:568-587. [PMID: 38009296 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the recognized pathological basis of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI), a side effect of head and neck cancer treatments. There is currently a lack of therapeutic approaches for RBI due to the ambiguity of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is essential to identify these mechanisms in order to prevent RBI or provide early interventions. One crucial factor contributing to BBB disruption is the radiation-induced activation of astrocytes and oversecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistically, the PI3K-AKT pathway can inhibit cellular autophagy, leading to pathological cell aggregation. Moreover, it acts as an upstream pathway of VEGF. In this study, we observed the upregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in irradiated cultured astrocytes through bioinformatics analysis, we then validated these findings in animal brains and in vitro astrocytes following radiation exposure. Additionally, we also found the inhibition of autophagy and the oversecretion of VEGF in irradiated astrocytes. By inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway or promoting cellular autophagy, we observed a significant amelioration of the inhibitory effect on autophagy, leading to reductions in VEGF oversecretion and BBB disruption. In conclusion, our study suggests that radiation can inhibit autophagy and promote VEGF oversecretion by upregulating the PI3K-AKT pathway in astrocytes. Blocking the PI3K pathway can alleviate both of these effects, thereby mitigating damage to the BBB in patients undergoing radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingping Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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Elmas O, Keskin E, Keser Sahin HH, Guven B, Almisned G, Zakaly HM, Tekin H, Ene A. The effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) on the prevention of brain damage due to ionizing radiation in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25932. [PMID: 38370260 PMCID: PMC10867642 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of Annona Muricata (AM) leaves in the prevention of brain damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR). This study was conducted in the Experimental Animal Research Unit of a university with 28 adults female Wistar Albino rats. The experimental groups were as follows: Control group (n = 8), AM group (n = 6), IR group (n = 8), AM + IR group (n = 6). In the IR group, astrocyte hypertrophy, microglial reaction and inflammatory reaction levels were significantly higher than the control and AM groups (P < 0.001). Edema was significantly higher in the IR group compared to the control group (P=0.001). The MDA of the IR group was significantly higher compared to the control group and AM group (P=0.031, P=0.006, respectively). The MDA of the AM + IR group was significantly higher than the AM group (P=0.039). Our findings show that histomorphology and oxidant damage caused by IR can be ameliorated using AM, as demonstrated by the comparison of the controls to AM + IR recipients, which showed similar histomorphology and oxidant damage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Elmas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emrah Keskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Berrak Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ghada Almisned
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M.H. Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - H.O. Tekin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- INPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
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10
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Xiong Y, Zhou X, Yu C, Tong Y. Reduction of acute radiation-induced brain injury in rats by anlotinib. Neuroreport 2024; 35:90-97. [PMID: 38109375 PMCID: PMC10766099 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiation therapy in the treatment of brain tumors also leads to the occurrence of radiation brain injury (RBI). Anlotinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of multi-receptor tyrosine kinase with high selectivity for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. In this study, we constructed a rat model of RBI and investigated the effect of anlotinib on RBI and its mechanism of action through drug intervention during the acute phase of RBI. METHODS Six-week-old male (Sprague-Dawley) rats were used to construct an animal model of RBI to evaluate the protective effect of anlotinib on acute RBI by histopathological staining, brain edema determination, blood-brain barrier integrity evaluation and quick real time-polymerase chain reaction , ELISA detection of inflammation-related indexes, and western-blot detection of related gene protein expression. RESULTS Anlotinib reduced the degree of edema in the hippocampal region of rats, improved the pathological morphology of neural cells and vascular endothelial cells, and decreased blood-brain barrier permeability. Anlotinib reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein protein expression in the hippocampal region of rat brain tissue and inhibited astrocyte activation. It inhibited the release of inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and down-regulated the expression of janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway-related proteins. CONCLUSION This study found that anlotinib has a protective effect against RBI in rats and anlotinib may be a new candidate for the treatment of RBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhua Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusuo Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Trencsényi G, Csikos C, Képes Z. Targeted Radium Alpha Therapy in the Era of Nanomedicine: In Vivo Results. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:664. [PMID: 38203834 PMCID: PMC10779852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha-particle therapy using radionuclides with alpha emission is a rapidly developing area in modern cancer treatment. To selectively deliver alpha-emitting isotopes to tumors, targeting vectors, including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, or other biomolecules, are attached to them, which ensures specific binding to tumor-related antigens and cell surface receptors. Although earlier studies have already demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of alpha-emitting radium (Ra) isotopes-Radium-223 and Radium-224 (223/224Ra)-in the treatment of skeletal metastases, their inability to complex with target-specific moieties hindered application beyond bone targeting. To exploit the therapeutic gains of Ra across a wider spectrum of cancers, nanoparticles have recently been embraced as carriers to ensure the linkage of 223/224Ra to target-affine vectors. Exemplified by prior findings, Ra was successfully bound to several nano/microparticles, including lanthanum phosphate, nanozeolites, barium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, gypsum, celestine, or liposomes. Despite the lengthened tumor retention and the related improvement in the radiotherapeutic effect of 223/224Ra coupled to nanoparticles, the in vivo assessment of the radiolabeled nanoprobes is a prerequisite prior to clinical usage. For this purpose, experimental xenotransplant models of different cancers provide a well-suited scenario. Herein, we summarize the latest achievements with 223/224Ra-doped nanoparticles and related advances in targeted alpha radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Csaba Csikos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
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12
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Baran M, Başaran KE, Gergin OO, Cengız O, G Yıldız O, Yay A. Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of quercetin against damage caused by gamma radiation. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:261-267. [PMID: 38554331 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_348_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Radiation therapy is a routine clinical practice that has been used for a long time in the treatment of cancer patients. The most important dose-limiting organ in patients receiving radiotherapy for various conditions is the brain. The mechanisms underlying brain and pituitary gland damage caused by radiation are largely unknown. It is of great importance to use radioprotective agents to protect against damage. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of quercetin in experimental radiation-induced brain and pituitary gland damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 adult male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (control, sham, radiation, quercetin, radiation + quercetin, and quercetin + radiation groups, with ten rats in each group). Quercetin was given to rats by oral gavage at 50 mg/kg/day. A whole-body single dose of 10 Gy radiation was applied to the rats. Tissue samples belonging to the groups were compared after excision. Histopathological changes in the brain tissue and pituitary gland were examined with hematoxylin-tissue samples in the groups and compared histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS The histopathological examination of the brain and anterior pituitary gland sections showed marked damage in the radiation-treated rats, while the quercetin-administered groups showed normal tissue architecture. While neuropeptid Y immunoreactivity was increased, synaptophysin immunoreactivity was decreased in the brains of radiation-treated rats. However, when neuropeptide Y and synaptophysin expression were assessed in the anterior pituitary gland, there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Consequently, quercetin may be a potential pharmacological agent in modulating radiation-induced damage in rats. However, extra experimental and preclinical studies are needed to confirm our findings before they can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Baran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kemal E Başaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Oz Gergin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cengız
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oğuz G Yıldız
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Ru Y, Zhang X, Shen B, Yang C, Yu H, Liu Z, Wu X, Li F, Cui J, Lai C, Wang Y, Gao Y. Delayed Reaction of Radiation on the Central Nervous System and Bone System in C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:337. [PMID: 38203507 PMCID: PMC10779003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a suitable mouse model of radiation-induced delayed reaction and identify potential targets for drug development related to the prevention and treatment of radiation injury. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to singular (109 cGy/min, 5 Gy*1) and fractional (109 cGy/min, 5 Gy*2) total body irradiation. The behavior and activity of mice were assessed 60 days after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. After that, the pathological changes and mechanism of the mouse brain and femoral tissues were observed by HE, Nissl, Trap staining micro-CT scanning and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and Western blot. The results show that singular or fractional IR exposure led to a decrease in spatial memory ability and activity in mice, and the cognitive and motor functions gradually recovered after singular 5 Gy IR in a time-dependent manner, while the fractional 10 Gy IR group could not recover. The decrease in bone density due to the increase in osteoclast number may be relative to the down-regulation of RUNX2, sclerostin, and beta-catenin. Meanwhile, the brain injury caused by IR exposure is mainly linked to the down-regulation of BNDF and Tau. IR exposure leads to memory impairment, reduced activity, and self-recovery, which are associated with time and dose. The mechanism of cognitive and activity damage was mainly related to oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by DNA damage. The damage caused by fractional 10 Gy TBI is relatively stable and can be used as a stable multi-organ injury model for radiation mechanism research and anti-radiation medicine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.R.); (X.Z.); (B.S.); (C.Y.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.R.); (X.Z.); (B.S.); (C.Y.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
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14
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Zhang S, Deng Z, Qiu Y, Lu G, Wu J, Huang H. FGIN-1-27 Mitigates Radiation-induced Mitochondrial Hyperfunction and Cellular Hyperactivation in Cultured Astrocytes. Neuroscience 2023; 535:23-35. [PMID: 37913861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) poses a significant challenge in the context of radiotherapy for intracranial tumors, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. While prior investigations have underscored the role of astrocyte activation and excessive vascular endothelial growth factor production in microvascular damage associated with RBI, there remains a scarcity of studies examining the impact of radiation on astrocytes, particularly regarding organelles such as mitochondria. Thus, our study aimed to elucidate alterations in astrocyte and mitochondrial functionality following radiation exposure, with a specific focus on evaluating the potential ameliorative effects of translocator protein 18 kDa(TSPO) ligands. In this study, cultured astrocytes were subjected to X-ray irradiation, and their cellular states and mitochondrial functions were examined and compared to control cells. Our findings revealed that radiation-induced astrocytic hyperactivation, transforming them into the neurotoxic A1-type, concomitant with reduced cell proliferation. Additionally, radiation triggered mitochondrial hyperfunction, heightened the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased oxidative metabolite production. However, following treatment with FGIN-1-27, a TSPO ligand, we observed a restoration of mitochondrial function and a reduction in oxidative metabolite production. Moreover, this intervention mitigated astrocyte hyperactivity, decreased the number of A1-type astrocytes, and restored cell proliferative capacity. In conclusion, our study has unveiled additional manifestations of radiation-induced astrocyte dysfunction and validated that TSPO ligands may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate this dysfunction. It has potential clinical implications for the treatment of RBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhezhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gengxin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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15
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Makranz C, Lubotzky A, Zemmour H, Shemer R, Glaser B, Cohen J, Maoz M, Sapir E, Wygoda M, Peretz T, Weizman N, Feldman J, Abrams RA, Lossos A, Dor Y, Zick A. Short report: Plasma based biomarkers detect radiation induced brain injury in cancer patients treated for brain metastasis: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285646. [PMID: 38015964 PMCID: PMC10684068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy has an important role in the treatment of brain metastases but carries risk of short and/or long-term toxicity, termed radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). As the diagnosis of RBI is crucial for correct patient management, there is an unmet need for reliable biomarkers for RBI. The aim of this proof-of concept study is to determine the utility of brain-derived circulating free DNA (BncfDNA), identified by specific methylation patterns for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, as biomarkers brain injury induced by radiotherapy. METHODS Twenty-four patients with brain metastases were monitored clinically and radiologically before, during and after brain radiotherapy, and blood for BncfDNA analysis (98 samples) was concurrently collected. Sixteen patients were treated with whole brain radiotherapy and eight patients with stereotactic radiosurgery. RESULTS During follow-up nine RBI events were detected, and all correlated with significant increase in BncfDNA levels compared to baseline. Additionally, resolution of RBI correlated with a decrease in BncfDNA. Changes in BncfDNA were independent of tumor response. CONCLUSIONS Elevated BncfDNA levels reflects brain cell injury incurred by radiotherapy. further research is needed to establish BncfDNA as a novel plasma-based biomarker for brain injury induced by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Makranz
- Department of Neurology and Oncology, The Gaffin Center for Neurooncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asael Lubotzky
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Division of Neurology and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai Zemmour
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Shemer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Myriam Maoz
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Sapir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Radiation Oncology Institute, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Marc Wygoda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noam Weizman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jon Feldman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ross A. Abrams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Lossos
- Department of Neurology and Oncology, The Gaffin Center for Neurooncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviad Zick
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Venkidesh BS, Shankar SR, Narasimhamurthy RK, Rao SBS, Mumbrekar KD. Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3165-3173. [PMID: 37071338 PMCID: PMC10514165 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer treatment, along with surgery and chemotherapy. Approximately, 90% of cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy show gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, including bloody diarrhea, and gastritis, most of which are associated with gut dysbiosis. In addition to the direct effect of radiation on the brain, pelvic irradiation can alter the gut microbiome, leading to inflammation and breakdown of the gut-blood barrier. This allows toxins and bacteria to enter the bloodstream and reach the brain. Probiotics have been proven to prevent GI toxicity by producing short-chain fatty acids and exopolysaccharides beneficial for protecting mucosal integrity and oxidative stress reduction in the intestine and also shown to be beneficial in brain health. Microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining gut and brain health, so it is important to study whether bacterial supplementation will help in maintaining the gut and brain structure after radiation exposure. METHODS In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, radiation, probiotics, and probiotics + radiation groups. On the 7th day, animals in the radiation and probiotics + radiation groups received a single dose of 4 Gy to whole-body. Posttreatment, mice were sacrificed, and the intestine and brain tissues were excised for histological analysis to assess GI and neuronal damage. RESULTS Radiation-induced damage to the villi height and mucosal thickness was mitigated by the probiotic treatment significantly (p < 0.01). Further, radiation-induced pyknotic cell numbers in the DG, CA2, and CA3 areas were substantially reduced with bacterial supplementation (p < 0.001). Similarly, probiotics reduced neuronal inflammation induced by radiation in the cortex, CA2, and DG region (p < 0.01). Altogether, the probiotics treatment helps mitigate radiation-induced intestinal and neuronal damage. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the probiotic formulation could attenuate the number of pyknotic cells in the hippocampal brain region and decrease neuroinflammation by reducing the number of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Saligrama R Shankar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Rekha Koravadi Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satish Bola Sadashiva Rao
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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17
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Lan XY, Kalkowski L, Chu CY, Jablonska A, Li S, Kai M, Gao Y, Janowski M, Walczak P. Unlocking the potential of ultra-high dose fractionated radiation for effective treatment of glioblastoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3500563. [PMID: 37961626 PMCID: PMC10635404 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3500563/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Conventional radiation therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) has limited efficacy. Regenerative medicine brings hope for repairing damaged tissue, opening opportunities for elevating the maximum acceptable radiation dose. In this study, we explored the effect of ultra-high dose fractionated radiation on brain injury and tumor responses in immunocompetent mice. We also evaluated the role of the HIF-1α under radiation. Methods Naïve and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)+/- heterozygous mice received a fractionated daily dose of 20 Gy for three or five consecutive days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology were performed to assess brain injury post-radiation. The 2×105 human GBM1 luciferase-expressing cells were transplanted with tolerance induction protocol. Fractionated radiotherapy was performed during the exponential phase of tumor growth. BLI, MRI, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to evaluate tumor growth dynamics and radiotherapy responses. Additionally, animal lifespan was recorded. Results Fractionated radiation of 5×20 Gy induced severe brain damage, starting 3 weeks after radiation. All animals from this group died within 12 weeks. In contrast, later onset and less severe brain injury were observed starting 12 weeks after radiation of 3×20 Gy. It resulted in complete GBM eradication and survival of all treated animals. Furthermore, HIF-1α+/- mice exhibited more obvious vascular damage 63 weeks after fractionated radiation of 3×20 Gy. Conclusion Ultra-high dose fractionated 3×20 Gy radiation can eradicate the GBM cells at the cost of only mild brain injury. The HIF-1α gene is a promising target for ameliorating vascular impairment post-radiation, encouraging the implementation of neurorestorative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yue Gao
- University of Maryland Baltimore
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18
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Kolesnikova IA, Lalkovičova M, Severyukhin YS, Golikova KN, Utina DM, Pronskikh EV, Despotović SZ, Gaevsky VN, Pirić D, Masnikosa R, Budennaya NN. The Effects of Whole Body Gamma Irradiation on Mice, Age-Related Behavioral, and Pathophysiological Changes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3723-3741. [PMID: 37402948 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We designed a study with the objective to determine the long-term radiation effects of gamma rays, originating from a single shot of Co60 at a dose of 2 Gy on the 7-month-old male mice of the ICR line in 30 days after the irradiation. The aim of this study was to characterize the behavior of animals using the Open Field test, immuno-hematological status, and morpho-functional changes in the central nervous system of mice. Irradiated animals displayed significantly different behavior in the OF in comparison with the control group. The radiation damage was confirmed by assessing the ratio of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of mice at a later date after exposure to Co60. After irradiation, a decrease in the glioneuronal complex was observed in the irritated group as well as histological changes of brain cells. To sum up, not only was the hematological status of mice altered upon the total gamma irradiation, but also their behavior, which was most probably due to significant alterations in the CNS. Study of influence of ionizing radiation on female mice, comparison between different age groups. Open Field test on the 30 days after 2 Gy of γ-rays and histological analysis indicated changes in behavioral patterns, leucocytes, and brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
| | - M Lalkovičova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Yu S Severyukhin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
- State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Moscow Region University Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - K N Golikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
| | - D M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
| | - E V Pronskikh
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
- State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Moscow Region University Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - Sanja Z Despotović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V N Gaevsky
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
| | - D Pirić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Masnikosa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N N Budennaya
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 14198
- State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Moscow Region University Dubna, Dubna, Russia
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19
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Yin Y, Wei L, Caseley EA, Lopez‐Charcas O, Wei Y, Li D, Muench SP, Roger S, Wang L, Jiang L. Leveraging the ATP-P2X7 receptor signalling axis to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1346-1373. [PMID: 36924449 PMCID: PMC10947395 DOI: 10.1002/med.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is an exceptional member of the P2X purinergic receptor family, with its activation requiring high concentrations of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) that are often associated with tissue damage and inflammation. In the central nervous system (CNS), it is highly expressed in glial cells, particularly in microglia. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanisms of the P2X7 receptor in mediating neuroinflammation and other pathogenic events in a variety of traumatic CNS damage conditions, which lead to loss of neurological and cognitive functions. We raise the perspective on the steady progress in developing CNS-penetrant P2X7 receptor-specific antagonists that leverage the ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling axis as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yin
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Linyu Wei
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Emily A. Caseley
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Osbaldo Lopez‐Charcas
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance
| | - Yingjuan Wei
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Dongliang Li
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Steve P. Muench
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Sebastian Roger
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Lin‐Hua Jiang
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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20
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Yalcin B, Yay AH, Tan FC, Özdamar S, Yildiz OG. Investigation of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin on experimental liver damage by radiation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154477. [PMID: 37148837 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the inevitable treatment approaches for several types of cancer. We aimed to show the protective and therapeutic effects of daily use of melatonin on liver tissues subjected to a single dose of 10 Gy (gamma-ray) total body radiation. Rats were divided into 6 groups, of which 10 were in each: control, sham, melatonin, radiation, radiation+melatonin, and melatonin+radiation. The rats received 10 Gy of external radiation throughout their entire bodies. The rats were given 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin intraperitoneally before or after radiation treatment, depending on the group. Histological methods, immunohistochemical analysis (Caspase-3, Sirtuin-1, α-SMA, NFΚB-p65), biochemical analysis by ELİSA (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, MDA, TNF-α, TGF-β, PDGF, PGC-1α) and the Comet assay as a marker of DNA damage were applied to the liver tissues. Histopathological examinations showed structural changes in the liver tissue of the radiation group. Radiation treatment increased the immunoreactivity of Caspase-3, Sirtuin-1 and α-SMA, but these effects were relatively attenuated in the melatonin-treated groups. The melatonin+radiation group had statistically significant results close to those of the control group, in terms of Caspase-3, NFΚB-p65 and Sirtuin-1 immunoreactivity. In melatonin treated groups, hepatic biochemical markers, MDA, SOD, TNF-α, TGF-β levels, and DNA damage parameters were decreased. Administration of melatonin before and after radiation has beneficial effects, but using it before radiation may be more efficient. Accordingly, daily melatonin usage could mitigate ionizing radiation induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Yalcin
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fazile Cantürk Tan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saim Özdamar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Galip Yildiz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
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21
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Shireman JM, White Q, Agrawal N, Ni Z, Chen G, Zhao L, Gonugunta N, Wang X, Mccarthy L, Kasulabada V, Pattnaik A, Ahmed AU, Miller J, Kulwin C, Cohen-Gadol A, Payner T, Lin CT, Savage JJ, Lane B, Shiue K, Kamer A, Shah M, Iyer G, Watson G, Kendziorski C, Dey M. Genomic Analysis of Human Brain Metastases Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery Under the Phase-II Clinical Trial (NCT03398694) Reveals DNA Damage Repair at the Peripheral Tumor Edge. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.15.23288491. [PMID: 37131583 PMCID: PMC10153341 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.23288491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the leading treatment modalities for oligo brain metastasis (BM), however no comprehensive genomic data assessing the effect of radiation on BM in humans exist. Leveraging a unique opportunity, as part of the clinical trial (NCT03398694), we collected post-SRS, delivered via Gamma-knife or LINAC, tumor samples from core and peripheral-edges of the resected tumor to characterize the genomic effects of overall SRS as well as the SRS delivery modality. Using these rare patient samples, we show that SRS results in significant genomic changes at DNA and RNA levels throughout the tumor. Mutations and expression profiles of peripheral tumor samples indicated interaction with surrounding brain tissue as well as elevated DNA damage repair. Central samples show GSEA enrichment for cellular apoptosis while peripheral samples carried an increase in tumor suppressor mutations. There are significant differences in the transcriptomic profile at the periphery between Gamma-knife vs LINAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Quinn White
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nikita Gonugunta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liam Mccarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Varshitha Kasulabada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Akshita Pattnaik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Miller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Charles Kulwin
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Troy Payner
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Ta Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jesse J. Savage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandon Lane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Shiue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Kamer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mitesh Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gordon Watson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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22
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Microglia drive transient insult-induced brain injury by chemotactic recruitment of CD8 + T lymphocytes. Neuron 2023; 111:696-710.e9. [PMID: 36603584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems has gained increasing attention for its emerging role in neurological diseases. Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) remains the most common medical complication of cranial radiotherapy, and its pathological mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing, we found infiltration and clonal expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the lesioned brain tissues of RIBI patients. Furthermore, by strategies of genetic or pharmacologic interruption, we identified a chemotactic action of microglia-derived CCL2/CCL8 chemokines in mediating the infiltration of CCR2+/CCR5+ CD8+ T cells and tissue damage in RIBI mice. Such a chemotactic axis also participated in the progression of cerebral infarction in the mouse model of ischemic injury. Our findings therefore highlight the critical role of microglia in mediating the dysregulation of adaptive immune responses and reveal a potential therapeutic strategy for non-infectious brain diseases.
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23
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Zhuo X, Zhao H, Chen M, Mu Y, Li Y, Cai J, Li H, Xu Y, Tang Y. A radiomics model for predicting the response to methylprednisolone in brain necrosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:43. [PMID: 36859353 PMCID: PMC9979431 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylprednisolone is recommended as the front-line therapy for radiation-induced brain necrosis (RN) after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, some patients fail to benefit from methylprednisolone or even progress. This study aimed to develop and validate a radiomic model to predict the response to methylprednisolone in RN. METHODS Sixty-six patients receiving methylprednisolone were enrolled. In total, 961 radiomic features were extracted from the pre-treatment magnetic resonance imagings of the brain. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was then applied to construct the radiomics signature. Combined with independent clinical predictors, a radiomics model was built with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness of the model were assessed. The model was internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS The radiomics signature consisted of 16 selected features and achieved favorable discrimination performance. The radiomics model incorporating the radiomics signature and the duration between radiotherapy and RN diagnosis, yielded an AUC of 0.966 and an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.967 via 10-fold cross-validation, which also revealed good discrimination. Calibration curves showed good agreement. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the model. CONCLUSIONS The presented radiomics model can be conveniently used to facilitate individualized prediction of the response to methylprednisolone in patients with RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuang Zhuo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiwei Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youqing Mu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Radwan RR, Mohamed HA. Mechanistic approach of the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells on brain damage in irradiated mice: emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1463-1472. [PMID: 35647928 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Brain damage which has been induced by radiation generally occurs in radiotherapeutics patients. Stem cell transplantation represents a vital applicant for alleviating neurodegenerative disorders. This work aims at exploring the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on brain injury induced by γ radiation in mice and the possible underlying mechanisms were elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were allocated into three groups; Group I (Control), Group II (Irradiated control) where mice submitted to 5 Gy of whole-body γ radiation, Group III (Irradiated + BM-MSCs) where mice were intravenously injected of BM-MSCs at a dose of 106 cells/mice 24 h following irradiation. Animals were sacrificed 28 d following exposure to γ radiation. RESULTS It was observed that BM-MSCs therapy provided a valuable tissue repair as evidenced by a reduction in inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa (NF-κβ), phosphorylated NF-κβ-p65 (P-NF-κβ-p65), interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) associated with decreased levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in brain tissues of irradiated mice. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis was declined in brain tissues of the BM-MSCs group as remarkable inhibition of caspase-3 and Bax accompanied by elevation of Bcl-2 proteins expression. These results were supported by histopathological investigation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, BM-MSCs could display a vital rule in alleviating brain injury in radio-therapeutic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Radwan
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
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25
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Cheng J, Jiang J, He B, Lin WJ, Li Y, Duan J, Li H, Huang X, Cai J, Xie J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Xu Y, Hu X, Wu M, Zhuo X, Liu Q, Shi Z, Yu P, Rong X, Ye X, Saw PE, Wu LJ, Simone CB, Chua MLK, Mai HQ, Tang Y. A phase 2 study of thalidomide for the treatment of radiation-induced blood-brain barrier injury. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm6543. [PMID: 36812346 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a debilitating sequela after radiotherapy to treat head and neck cancer, and 20 to 30% of patients with RIBI fail to respond to or have contraindications to the first-line treatments of bevacizumab and corticosteroids. Here, we reported a Simon's minmax two-stage, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial (NCT03208413) to assess the efficacy of thalidomide in patients with RIBI who were unresponsive to or had contraindications to bevacizumab and corticosteroid therapies. The trial met its primary endpoint, with 27 of 58 patients enrolled showing ≥25% reduction in the volume of cerebral edema on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR-MRI) after treatment (overall response rate, 46.6%; 95% CI, 33.3 to 60.1%). Twenty-five (43.1%) patients demonstrated a clinical improvement based on the Late Effects Normal Tissues-Subjective, Objective, Management, Analytic (LENT/SOMA) scale, and 36 (62.1%) experienced cognitive improvement based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. In a mouse model of RIBI, thalidomide restored the blood-brain barrier and cerebral perfusion, which were attributed to the functional rescue of pericytes secondary to elevation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) expression by thalidomide. Our data thus demonstrate the therapeutic potential of thalidomide for the treatment of radiation-induced cerebral vasculature impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jingru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Baixuan He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaohuang Zhuo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhongshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Proton Center, New York, NY 10035, USA
| | - Melvin L K Chua
- Department of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
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Comparative Analysis of Behavioral Reactions and Morphological Changes in the Rat Brain After Exposure to Ionizing Radiation with Different Physical Characteristics. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:339-353. [PMID: 34982311 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study behavioral reactions and morphological changes in the brain of adult female Sprague Dawley rats after exposure to 170 MeV and 70 MeV protons and gamma radiation (60Co) at a dose of 1 Gy. The analysis of the behavioral reactions in the T-maze showed that exposure to ionizing radiation with different LETs led to an increase in number of repeated entries into the arms of the maze in the spontaneous alternation test. In the Open Field test a decrease in overall motor activity in the group of irradiated animals (70 MeV protons at the Bragg peak) was observed. A decrease in the number of standing positions was seen in all groups of irradiated animals. Morphological analysis showed the development of early amyloidosis, autolysis of the ependymal layer, an increase in the number of neurodegenerative changes in various structures of the brain, and the development of neuronal hypertrophy on the 30th day after irradiation in the cerebellum and hippocampal hilus. Exposure to protons at a dose of 1 Gy leads to the development of structural and functional disorders of the central nervous system of animals on the 30th day after irradiation. These data indicate a damage of short-term memory, a decrease in motor activity and exploratory behavior of animals. With an increase in LET, there is an increase in the number of amyloid plaques in the forebrain of rats, autolysis of the ependymal layer of the ventricles, and the development of dystrophic changes. Investigations of behavioral reactions and morphological changes in various parts of the brain of adult rats on the 30th day after influence of ionizing radiation with different physical characteristics at a dose of 1 Gy. Various negative patho-morphological and cognitive-behavioral changes observed.
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27
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Chen SX, Xiao ZJ, Xie M, Chang YQ, Zhou GJ, Wen HM, He DQ, Xu CL, Chen YR, Li YH. Treatment of radiation-induced brain injury with bisdemethoxycurcumin. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:416-421. [PMID: 35900439 PMCID: PMC9396486 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is considered the most effective non-surgical treatment for brain tumors. However, there are no available treatments for radiation-induced brain injury. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is a demethoxy derivative of curcumin that has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. To determine whether BDMC has the potential to treat radiation-induced brain injury, in this study, we established a rat model of radiation-induced brain injury by administering a single 30-Gy vertical dose of irradiation to the whole brain, followed by intraperitoneal injection of 500 μL of a 100 mg/kg BDMC solution every day for 5 successive weeks. Our results showed that BDMC increased the body weight of rats with radiation-induced brain injury, improved learning and memory, attenuated brain edema, inhibited astrocyte activation, and reduced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that BDMC protects against radiation-induced brain injury.
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28
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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Feng L, Buzoianu AD, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Exacerbation of Neuropathology Following Brain Blast Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:231-270. [PMID: 37480463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Blast brain injury (bBI) following explosive detonations in warfare is one of the prominent causes of multidimensional insults to the central nervous and other vital organs injury. Several military personnel suffered from bBI during the Middle East conflict at hot environment. The bBI largely occurs due to pressure waves, generation of heat together with release of shrapnel and gun powders explosion with penetrating and/or impact head trauma causing multiple brain damage. As a result, bBI-induced secondary injury causes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and edema formation that further results in neuronal, glial and axonal injuries. Previously, we reported endocrine imbalance and influence of diabetes on bBI-induced brain pathology that was significantly attenuated by nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin in model experiments. Cerebrolysin is a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors, and active peptide fragment is capable of neuroprotection in several neurological insults. Exposure to heat stress alone causes BBB damage, edema formation and brain pathology. Thus, it is quite likely that hot environment further exacerbates the consequences of bBI. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies using nanodelivery of stem cell and cerebrolysin may further enhance superior neuroprotection in bBI at hot environment. Our observations are the first to show that combined nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin significantly attenuated exacerbation of bBI in hot environment and induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier. The possible mechanisms of neuroprotection with MSCs and cerebrolysin in bBI are discussed in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Xu Y, Abdelghany L, Sekiya R, Zhai D, Jingu K, Li TS. Optimization on the dose and time of nicaraven administration for mitigating the side effects of radiotherapy in a preclinical tumor-bearing mouse model. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666221137277. [PMID: 36404753 PMCID: PMC9677297 DOI: 10.1177/17534666221137277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the serious complications of radiotherapy. We have recently demonstrated that nicaraven can effectively mitigate RILI in healthy mice. Here, we further tried to optimize the dose and time of nicaraven administration for alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS AND RESULTS A subcutaneous tumor model was established in the back of the chest in C57BL/6N mice by injecting Lewis lung cancer cells. Therapeutic thoracic irradiations were done, and placebo or different doses of nicaraven (20, 50, 100 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally pre-irradiation (at almost 5-10 min before irradiation) or post-irradiation (within 5 min after irradiation). Mice that received radiotherapy and nicaraven were sacrificed on the 30th day, but control mice were sacrificed on the 15th day. Serum and lung tissues were collected for evaluation. Nicaraven significantly decreased the level of CCL8, but did not clearly change the levels of 8-OHdG, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum. Besides these, nicaraven effectively decreased the levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, and SOD2 in the lungs, especially by post-irradiation administration with the dose of 20 mg/kg. Although there was no significant difference, the expression of SOD1, 53BP1, and caspase 3 was detected lower in the lungs of mice received nicaraven post-irradiation than that of pre-irradiation. CONCLUSION According to our data, the administration of nicaraven at a relatively low dose soon after radiotherapy will be recommended for attenuating the side effects of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb
Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Lina Abdelghany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb
Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Reiko Sekiya
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb
Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Da Zhai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb
Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Jingu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate
School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Hu J, Yuan B, Zhang P, Wang Y, Jin X, Du L, Jin Y. The Improved Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery of Edaravone Temperature-Sensitive Gels by Ultrasound for γ-ray Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2281. [PMID: 36365100 PMCID: PMC9698875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a common neurological disease caused by ionizing radiation (IR). Edaravone (EDA) is a free radical scavenger, has the potential to treat RBI. EDA loaded temperature-sensitive gels (TSGs) were prepared for subcutaneous injection to improve inconvenient administration of intravenous infusion. RBI mice model was established by irradiation of 60Co γ-ray on head. EDA TSGs could improve spontaneous behavior, learning and memory and anxiety of RBI mice by behavior tests, including the open field test, the novel object recognition test, the elevated plus maze test and the fear conditioning test. The therapeutic effects were enhanced with the assistance of ultrasound. Alleviative pathological changes, decreased the expression of Molondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus of brain, indicated reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response with the treatment of EDA TSGs and ultrasound. Moreover, ultrasound was superior to the use of EDA TSGs. Safe and effective EDA TSGs were prepared for RBI, and the feasibility of brain-targeted drug delivery enhanced by ultrasound was preliminarily demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinglu Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lina Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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31
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Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration-A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012265. [PMID: 36293118 PMCID: PMC9603404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a relatively safe and established treatment for cancer, where the goal is to kill tumoral cells with the lowest toxicity to healthy tissues. Using it for disorders involving cell loss is counterintuitive. However, ionizing radiation has a hormetic nature: it can have deleterious or beneficial effects depending on how it is applied. Current evidence indicates that radiation could be a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders involving protein misfolding and amyloidogenesis, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Low-dose RT can trigger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration responses. RT has been used to treat peripheral amyloidosis, which is very similar to other neurodegenerative disorders from a molecular perspective. Ionizing radiation prevents amyloid formation and other hallmarks in cell cultures, animal models and pilot clinical trials. Although some hypotheses have been formulated, the mechanism of action of RT on systemic amyloid deposits is still unclear, and uncertainty remains regarding its impact in the central nervous system. However, new RT modalities such as low-dose RT, FLASH, proton therapy or nanoparticle-enhanced RT could increase biological effects while reducing toxicity. Current evidence indicates that the potential of RT to treat neurodegeneration should be further explored.
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32
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Wu MY, Zou WJ, Yu P, Yang Y, Li SJ, Liu Q, Xie J, Chen SQ, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Cranial irradiation impairs intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with implications for cognitive function. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2253-2259. [PMID: 35259846 PMCID: PMC9083168 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors. However, patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy. Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction, specifically abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuroinflammation, plays a key role in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. However, the long-term effects of radiation with respect to the electrophysiological adaptation of hippocampal neurons remain poorly characterized. We found that mice exhibited cognitive impairment 3 months after undergoing 10 minutes of cranial irradiation at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable reduction in spike firing and excitatory synaptic input, as well as greatly enhanced inhibitory inputs, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Corresponding to the electrophysiological adaptation, we found reduced expression of synaptic plasticity marker VGLUT1 and increased expression of VGAT. Furthermore, in irradiated mice, long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was weakened and GluR1 expression was inhibited. These findings suggest that radiation can impair intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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33
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Elbakry MMM, Mansour SZ, Helal H, Ahmed ESA. Nattokinase attenuates bisphenol A or gamma irradiation-mediated hepatic and neural toxicity by activation of Nrf2 and suppression of inflammatory mediators in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75086-75100. [PMID: 35648353 PMCID: PMC9550699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nattokinase (NK), a protease enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis, has various biological effects such as lipid-lowering activity, antihypertensive, antiplatelet/anticoagulant, and neuroprotective effects. Exposure to environmental toxicants such as bisphenol A (BPA) or γ-radiation (IR) causes multi-organ toxicity through several mechanisms such as impairment of oxidative status, signaling pathways, and hepatic and neuronal functions as well as disruption of the inflammatory responses. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of NK against BPA- or IR-induced liver and brain damage in rats. Serum ammonia level and liver function tests were measured in addition to brain oxidative stress markers, amyloid-beta, tau protein, and neuroinflammatory mediators. Moreover, relative quantification of brain nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes, as well as apoptotic markers in brain tissue, was carried out in addition to histopathological examination. The results showed that NK improved liver functions, impaired oxidative status, the cholinergic deficits, and minified the misfolded proteins aggregates. Furthermore, NK alleviated the neuroinflammation via modulating NF-κB/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and glial cell activation in addition to their antiapoptotic effect. Collectively, the current results revealed the protective effect of NK against hepatic and neurotoxicity derived from BPA or IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M M Elbakry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaya Z Mansour
- Radiation Biology Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Hamed Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
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34
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Zhang Z, Jiang J, He Y, Cai J, Xie J, Wu M, Xing M, Zhang Z, Chang H, Yu P, Chen S, Yang Y, Shi Z, Liu Q, Sun H, He B, Zeng J, Huang J, Chen J, Li H, Li Y, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Pregabalin mitigates microglial activation and neuronal injury by inhibiting HMGB1 signaling pathway in radiation-induced brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:231. [PMID: 36131309 PMCID: PMC9490947 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most serious complication of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, which seriously affects the quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for patients with RIBI, and identifying new treatment that targets the pathological mechanisms of RIBI is urgently needed. Methods Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), co-culture of primary neurons and microglia, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CRISPR–Cas9-mediated gene editing techniques were employed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of pregabalin that ameliorate microglial activation and neuronal injury in the RIBI mouse model. Results Our findings showed that pregabalin effectively repressed microglial activation, thereby reducing neuronal damage in the RIBI mouse model. Pregabalin mitigated inflammatory responses by directly inhibiting cytoplasmic translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a pivotal protein released by irradiated neurons which induced subsequent activation of microglia and inflammatory cytokine expression. Knocking out neuronal HMGB1 or microglial TLR2/TLR4/RAGE by CRISPR/Cas9 technique significantly inhibited radiation-induced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory transition of microglia. Conclusions Our findings indicate the protective mechanism of pregabalin in mitigating microglial activation and neuronal injury in RIBI. It also provides a therapeutic strategy by targeting HMGB1-TLR2/TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway in the microglia for the treatment of RIBI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02596-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong He
- Radiotherapeutic Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mengdan Xing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhongshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haohui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Baixuan He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junbo Zeng
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiongxue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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35
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Miao BB, Gao D, Hao JP, Li YL, Li L, Wang JB, Xiao XH, Yang CC, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside alters neurogenesis and neuroinflammation to ameliorate radiation-associated cognitive disability via AMPK/Tet2. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Bindu GSS, Thekkekkara D, Narayanan TL, Narayanan J, Chalasani SH, Manjula SN. The Role of TGF-β in Cognitive Decline Associated with Radiotherapy in Brain Tumor. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a late adverse event in brain tumor survivors. The patients receiving radiation treatment exhibit a wide range of damage and impairment in attention, memory, and executive function compared to the untreated group. After radiation treatment, various changes are observed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, white matter, and vasculature. The major affected areas are the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Neurogenesis impairment is one of the primary mechanisms responsible for cognitive dysfunction. Various cytokines and growth factors are responsible for inducing apoptosis of neural cells, which results in impaired neurogenesis in response to radiotherapy. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is one of the key cytokines released in response to radiation. TGF-β plays a major role in neuronal apoptosis through various pathways such as the MAP kinase pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, and protein kinase pathway. In contrast, activation of the ALK5 pathway via TGF-β improves neurogenesis. So, the current review article focuses on the detailed effects of TGF-β on neuronal cells concerning radiation exposure. This in-depth knowledge will help researchers focus more on the TGF-β pathway and come up with new treatment schedules which will help reduce cognitive dysfunctions in brain tumor patients produced as a result of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. S. Swarna Bindu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - T. Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jiju Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Harsha Chalasani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Devan SP, Luo G, Jiang X, Xie J, Dean D, Johnson LS, Morales-Paliza M, Harmsen H, Xu J, Kirschner AN. Rodent Model of Brain Radionecrosis using Clinical LINAC-based Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:101014. [PMID: 36060637 PMCID: PMC9436710 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Devan
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
| | | | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
- Radiology and Radiologic Sciences
| | - Jingping Xie
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
| | | | | | | | - Hannah Harmsen
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
- Radiology and Radiologic Sciences
| | - Austin N. Kirschner
- Departments of Radiation Oncology
- Corresponding author: Austin N. Kirschner, MD, PhD
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38
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Chen M, Wang L, Gong G, Yin Y, Wang P. Quantitative study of the changes in brain white matter before and after radiotherapy by applying multi-sequence MR radiomics. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:86. [PMID: 35562722 PMCID: PMC9101859 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyse the changes in brain white matter before and after radiotherapy (RT) by applying multisequence MR radiomics features and to establish a relationship between the changes in radiomics features and radiation dose. Methods Eighty-eight patients with brain tumours who had undergone RT were selected in this study, and MR images (T1, T1+C, T2FLAIR, T2, DWI, and ASL) before and after RT were obtained. The brain white matter was delineated as an ROI under dose gradients of 0–5 Gy, 5–10 Gy, 10–15 Gy, 15–20 Gy, 20–30 Gy, 30–40 Gy, and 40–50 Gy. The radiomics features of each ROI were extracted, and the changes in radiomics features before and after RT for different sequences under different dose gradients were compared. Results At each dose gradient, statistically significant features of different MR sequences were mainly concentrated in three dose gradients, 5–10 Gy, 20–30 Gy, and 30–40 Gy. The T1+C sequence held the most features (66) under the 20–30 Gy dose gradient. There were 20 general features at dose gradients of 20–30 Gy, 30–40 Gy, and 40–50 Gy, and the changes in features first decreased and then increased following dose escalation. With dose gradients of 5–10 Gy and 10–15 Gy, only T1 and T2FLAIR had general features, and the rates of change were − 24.57% and − 29.32% for T1 and − 3.08% and − 10.87% for T2FLAIR, respectively. The changes showed an upward trend with increasing doses. For different MR sequences that were analysed under the same dose gradient, all sequences with 5–10 Gy, 20–30 Gy and 30–40 Gy had general features, except the T2FLAIR sequence, which was concentrated in the FirstOrder category feature, and the changes in features of T1 and T1+C were more significant than those of the other sequences. Conclusions MR radiomics features revealed microscopic changes in brain white matter before and after RT, although there was no constant dose-effect relationship for each feature. The changes in radiomics features in different sequences could reveal the radiation response of brain white matter to different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, Jinan, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (Shandong Cancer Hospital), 250117, Jinan, China
| | - Guanzhong Gong
- Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (Shandong Cancer Hospital), 250117, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Radiation Physics, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (Shandong Cancer Hospital), 250117, Jinan, China.
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, Jinan, China.
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Baran M, Yay A, Onder GO, Canturk Tan F, Yalcin B, Balcioglu E, Yıldız OG. Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity induced by radiation and the protective effect of quercetin in male albino rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1473-1483. [PMID: 35171756 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2033339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although radiation is one of the basic methods commonly used in cancer treatment, it inevitably enters the field of treatment in healthy tissues and is adversely affected by the acute and chronic side effects of radiation. This study evaluated the possible protective effects of quercetin, an antioxidant agent, against liver and kidney damage in rats exposed to a whole-body single dose of radiation (10 Gy of gamma-ray). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study groups were formed as control, sham, quercetin, radiation, quercetin + radiation and radiation + quercetin using 60 male Wistar albino (200-250 g, 3 months old) rats, including 10 rats in each group. The gamma-ray provided by the Co60 teletherapy machine was given to the whole body as external irradiation. According to the groups, quercetin was administered to rats at 50 mg/kg/day via oral gavage before or after radiation administration. The rats were sacrificed the day after irradiation and the extracted tissue samples from all groups were compared histologically and immunohistochemically. DNA damage was determined by the neutral comet assay technique. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were evaluated in liver and kidney tissues by the ELISA method. RESULTS Histopathological changes were observed altered morphology of liver and kidney tissues in the radiation groups. Sinusoidal dilatations, vacuolization, and hepatic parenchyma necrosis in the liver, while in kidneys, glomerular shrinkage, widened Bowman's space, tubular dilatation, and inflammation were evident. TNF-α, IL1-α, HIF1-α, and caspase 3 immunoreactivities in tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. High caspase 3 positive cell number confirmed apoptosis, the comet parameters were decreased in the quercetin + radiation group. When compared to the control group, the exposure to radiation showed a marked elevation in MDA which was accompanied by high GSH. This damage was reduced in the quercetin + radiation group. CONCLUSIONS With the results obtained from the study; Quercetin is thought to have a protective potential against radiation-induced liver and kidney damage due to its radioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozge Onder
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fazile Canturk Tan
- Department of Biophysics, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Betul Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Balcioglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oguz Galip Yıldız
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Abdel-Aziz N, Elkady AA, Elgazzar EM. Effect of Low-Dose Gamma Radiation and Lipoic Acid on High- Radiation-Dose Induced Rat Brain Injuries. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211044845. [PMID: 34759786 PMCID: PMC8573698 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211044845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This work aims to investigate the possible radio-adaptive mechanisms induced by low-dose (LD) whole-body γ-irradiation alone or combined with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) administration in modulating high-dose (HD) head irradiation–induced brain injury in rats. Materials and Methods Rats were irradiated with LD (.25 Gy) 24 hours prior HD (20 Gy), and subjected to ALA (100 mg/kg/day) 5 minutes after HD and continued for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and brain samples were dissected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results HD irradiation-induced brain injury as manifested by elevation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers in brain tissue. Histological examination of brain sections showed marked alterations. However, LD alone or combined with ALA ameliorated the changes induced by HD. Conclusion Under the present experimental conditions, LD whole-body irradiation exhibited neuroprotective activity against detrimental effects of a subsequent HD head irradiation. This effect might be due to the adaptive response induced by LD that activated the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the affected animals making them able to cope with the subsequent high-dose exposure. However, the combined LD exposure and ALA supplementation produced a further modulating effect in the HD-irradiated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elkady
- Ahmed A. Elkady: Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elgazzar
- Ahmed A. Elkady: Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Xu F, Wang Y, Gao H, Zhang X, Hu Y, Han T, Shen B, Zhang L, Wu Q. X-Ray Causes mRNA Transcripts Change to Enhance Orai2-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:646730. [PMID: 34595206 PMCID: PMC8477418 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.646730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced brain injury is a serious and treatment-limiting complication of brain radiation therapy. Although endothelial cell dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of this pathogenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: Primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were divided into five groups without or with exposure of x-rays delivered at 5 Gy or 20 Gy. For the irradiated groups, cells were continued to cultivate for 12 or 24 h after being irradiated. Then the mRNA libraries of each group were established and applied for next-generation sequencing. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to analyze the sequencing results. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, cck8 assay and intracellular calcium concentration assays were conducted to analyze the role of Orai2-associated SOCE in x-ray induced cellular injury. Results: In total, 3,005 transcripts in all the four x-ray-exposed groups of BMECs showed expression level changes compared with controls. With the dose of x-ray augment and the following cultured time extension, the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased significantly in BMECs. Venn diagrams identified 40 DEGs common to all four exposure groups. Functional pathway enrichment analyses indicated that those 40 DEGs were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway. Among those 40 DEGs, mRNA and protein expression levels of Orai2 were significantly upregulated for 24 h. Similarly, calcium influx via store-operated calcium entry, which is modulated by Orai2, was also significantly increased for 24 h in x-ray-exposed BMECs. Moreover, the change in SOCE was suppressed by btp-2, which is a non-selective inhibitor of Orai. Additionally, x-ray exposure induced a significant decrease of proliferation in BMECs in the dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for molecular mechanisms underlying BMECs dysfunction in development of radiation-induced brain injury and suggest new approaches for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huiwen Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinchen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lesha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qibing Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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He Y, Peng Y, Chang Y, Zhu J, Li Z, Huang K, Pan S. Utilizing the Faxitron MultiRad 225 X-ray irradiation system for the construction of mouse chronic whole brain radiation model. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021:rrab086. [PMID: 34585253 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a common complication of radiotherapy for head and neck tumors while its mechanism is not fully understood. Animal whole-brain radiation (WBR) models are of key importance in experimental radiation research, and an appropriate radiation source is essential. Previous animal WBR models were administered by clinical linear accelerator to induce the pathophysiological changes of RBI. In the current study, we adopted Faxitron MultiRad 225 X-ray irradiation system to construct a mouse WBR model with a single dose of 30 Gy. In the acute phase of this mouse WBR model, brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage were found mild. However, two months later, the results of immunofluorescence showed that astrocytes and microglia were activated continuously, and the number of immature neurons in dentate gyrus (DG) area of hippocampus was significantly reduced, in accordance with the features of chronic pathophysiological changes. Besides, data of MRI scans and behavior tests illustrated the structural changes of brain tissue and cognitive impairment in the chronic phase. To sum up, this mouse WBR model using the Faxitron MultiRad 225 irradiation system with a single dose of 30 Gy is feasible to simulate the RBI-related chronic pathophysiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua He
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yuqin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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Bekal M, Sun L, Ueno S, Moritake T. Neurobehavioral effects of acute low-dose whole-body irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:804-811. [PMID: 33982114 PMCID: PMC8438260 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure has multiple effects on the brain, behavior and cognitive functions. It has been reported that high-dose (>20 Gy) radiation-induced behavior and cognitive aberration partly associated with severe tissue destruction. Low-dose (<3 Gy) exposure can occur in radiological disasters and cerebral endovascular treatment. However, only a few reports analyzed behavior and cognitive functions after low-dose irradiation. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between brain neurochemistry and behavioral disruption in irradiated mice. The irradiated mice (0.5 Gy, 1 Gy and 3 Gy) were tested for alteration in their normal behavior over 10 days. A serotonin (5-HT), Dopamine, gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and cortisol analysis was carried out in blood, hippocampus, amygdala and whole brain tissue. There was a significant decline in the exploratory activity of mice exposed to 3 Gy and 1 Gy radiation in an open field test. We observed a significant short-term memory loss in 3 Gy and 1 Gy irradiated mice in Y-Maze. Mice exposed to 1 Gy and 3 Gy radiation exhibited increased anxiety in an elevated plus maze (EPM). The increased anxiety and memory loss patterns were also seen in 0.5 Gy irradiated mice, but the results were not statistically significant. In this study we observed that neurotransmitters are significantly altered after irradiation, but the neuronal cells in the hippocampus were not significantly affected. This study suggests that the low-dose radiation-induced cognitive impairment may be associated with the neurochemical in low-dose irradiation and unlike the high-dose scenario might not be directly related to the morphological changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Bekal
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Lue Sun
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Susumu Ueno
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan, E-mail:
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Clark PA, Sriramaneni RN, Bates AM, Jin WJ, Jagodinsky JC, Hernandez R, Le T, Jeffery JJ, Marsh IR, Grudzinski JJ, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Anderson BR, Chakravarty I, Arthur IS, Kim K, Engle JW, Bednarz BP, Weichert JP, Morris ZS. Low-Dose Radiation Potentiates the Propagation of Anti-Tumor Immunity against Melanoma Tumor in the Brain after In Situ Vaccination at a Tumor outside the Brain. Radiat Res 2021; 195:522-540. [PMID: 33826741 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases develop in over 60% of advanced melanoma patients and negatively impact quality of life and prognosis. In a murine melanoma model, we previously showed that an in situ vaccination (ISV) regimen, combining radiation treatment and intratumoral (IT) injection of immunocytokine (IC: anti-GD2 antibody fused to IL2), along with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-CTLA-4, robustly eliminates peripheral flank tumors but only has modest effects on co-occurring intracranial tumors. In this study, we investigated the ability of low-dose radiation to the brain to potentiate anti-tumor immunity against a brain tumor when combined with ISV + anti-CTLA-4. B78 (GD2+, immunologically "cold") melanoma tumor cells were implanted into the flank and the right striatum of the brain in C57BL/6 mice. Flank tumors (50-150 mm3) were treated following a previously optimized ISV regimen [radiation (12 Gy × 1, treatment day 1), IT-IC (50 µg daily, treatment days 6-10), and anti-CTLA-4 (100 µg, treatment days 3, 6, 9)]. Mice that additionally received whole-brain radiation treatment (WBRT, 4 Gy × 1) on day 15 demonstrated significantly increased survival compared to animals that received ISV + anti-CTLA-4 alone, WBRT alone or no treatment (control) (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Timing of WBRT was critical, as WBRT administration on day 1 did not significantly enhance survival compared to ISV + anti-CTLA-4, suggesting that the effect of WBRT on survival might be mediated through immune modulation and not just direct tumor cell cytotoxicity. Modest increases in T cells (CD8+ and CD4+) and monocytes/macrophages (F4/80+) but no changes in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), were observed in brain melanoma tumors with addition of WBRT (on day 15) to ISV + anti-CTLA-4. Cytokine multiplex immunoassay revealed distinct changes in both intracranial melanoma and contralateral normal brain with addition of WBRT (day 15) to ISV + anti-CTLA-4, with notable significant changes in pro-inflammatory (e.g., IFNγ, TNFα and LIX/CXCL5) and suppressive (e.g., IL10, IL13) cytokines as well as chemokines (e.g., IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9). We tested the ability of the alkylphosphocholine analog, NM600, to deliver immunomodulatory radiation to melanoma brain tumors as a targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Yttrium-86 (86Y) chelated to NM600 was delivered intravenously by tail vein to mice harboring flank and brain melanoma tumors, and PET imaging demonstrated specific accumulation up to 72 h at each tumor site (∼12:1 brain tumor/brain and ∼8:1 flank tumor/muscle). When NM600 was chelated to therapeutic β-particle-emitting 90Y and administered on treatment day 13, T-cell infiltration and cytokine profiles were altered in melanoma brain tumor, like that observed for WBRT. Overall, our results demonstrate that addition of low-dose radiation, timed appropriately with ISV administration to tumors outside the brain, significantly increases survival in animals co-harboring melanoma brain tumors. This observation has potentially important translational implications as a treatment strategy for increasing the response of tumors in the brain to systemically administered immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Clark
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Raghava N Sriramaneni
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amber M Bates
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Won Jong Jin
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin C Jagodinsky
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Trang Le
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian R Marsh
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bryce R Anderson
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ishan Chakravarty
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian S Arthur
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bryan P Bednarz
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of a Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Establishment and Validation of CyberKnife Irradiation in a Syngeneic Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143416. [PMID: 34298631 PMCID: PMC8303959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) provides precise high-dose irradiation of intracranial tumors. However, its radiobiological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to establish CyberKnife SRS on an intracranial glioblastoma tumor mouse model and assesses the early radiobiological effects of radiosurgery. Following exposure to a single dose of 20 Gy, the tumor volume was evaluated using MRI scans, whereas cellular proliferation and apoptosis, tumor vasculature, and immune response were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. The mean tumor volume was significantly reduced by approximately 75% after SRS. The precision of irradiation was verified by the detection of DNA damage consistent with the planned dose distribution. Our study provides a suitable mouse model for reproducible and effective irradiation and further investigation of radiobiological effects and combination therapies of intracranial tumors using CyberKnife. Abstract CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (CK-SRS) precisely delivers radiation to intracranial tumors. However, the underlying radiobiological mechanisms at high single doses are not yet fully understood. Here, we established and evaluated the early radiobiological effects of CK-SRS treatment at a single dose of 20 Gy after 15 days of tumor growth in a syngeneic glioblastoma-mouse model. Exact positioning was ensured using a custom-made, non-invasive, and trackable frame. One superimposed target volume for the CK-SRS planning was created from the fused tumor volumes obtained from MRIs prior to irradiation. Dose calculation and delivery were planned using a single-reference CT scan. Six days after irradiation, tumor volumes were measured using MRI scans, and radiobiological effects were assessed using immunofluorescence staining. We found that CK-SRS treatment reduced tumor volume by approximately 75%, impaired cell proliferation, diminished tumor vasculature, and increased immune response. The accuracy of the delivered dose was demonstrated by staining of DNA double-strand breaks in accordance with the planned dose distribution. Overall, we confirmed that our proposed setup enables the precise irradiation of intracranial tumors in mice using only one reference CT and superimposed MRI volumes. Thus, our proposed mouse model for reproducible CK-SRS can be used to investigate radiobiological effects and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Xu X, Huang H, Tu Y, Sun J, Xiong Y, Ma C, Qin S, Hu W, Zhou J. Celecoxib Alleviates Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Rats by Maintaining the Integrity of Blood-Brain Barrier. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211024393. [PMID: 34177398 PMCID: PMC8207280 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211024393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury are poorly understood, although COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce brain injury after irradiation. In the present study, the effect of celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) pretreatment on radiation-induced injury to rat brain was studied by means of histopathological staining, evaluation of integrity of blood-brain barrier and detection of the expressions of inflammation-associated genes. The protective effect of celecoxib on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) against irradiation was examined and the potential mechanisms were explored. Colony formation assay and apoptosis assay were undertaken to evaluate the effect of celecoxib on the radiosensitivity of the HBMECs. ELISA was used to measure 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) secretion. Western blot was employed to examine apoptosis-related proteins expressions. It was found that celecoxib protected rat from radiation-induced brain injury by maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and reducing inflammation in rat brain tissues. In addition, celecoxib showed a significant protective effect on HBMECs against irradiation, which involves inhibited apoptosis and decreased TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio in brain vascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, celecoxib could alleviate radiation-induced brain injury in rats, which may be partially due to the protective effect on brain vascular endothelial cells from radiation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaozu Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenying Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lv X, Guo Z, Tang L, Li Z, Lin X, Li J, Han L, Qiu Y, Mai H. Divergent effects of irradiation on brain cortical morphology in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: one-year follow-up study using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2307-2320. [PMID: 34079703 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that radiotherapy (RT)-induced brain cortical deficits may play a critical role in developing radiation encephalopathy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the evolutional processes of RT-induced cortical injury have not been sufficiently investigated. This study investigates RT-induced effects on cortical morphology using longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in NPC patients. Methods Using MRI-based morphometry with surface-based measures, we evaluated the longitudinal alterations of cortical volume (CV), cortical thickness (CT), and cortical surface area (CSA) in 104 NPC patients at pre-RT (n=104), within 3 months post-RT (n=92), 6 months post-RT (n=71), and 9-12 months post-RT (n=52). Twenty healthy controls were also evaluated in parallel. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the trajectories of RT-related changes in cortical brain morphology and its association with irradiation dose, with healthy controls data being used to construct a normal age-related benchmark. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results The results showed that RT-related longitudinal alterations in cortical morphology underwent two diverse patterns during the first year of follow up in NPC patients. The temporal cortices (including the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, temporal pole, parahippocampal and fusiform gyrus, and the right inferior temporal and right transverse temporal gyrus), the basal occipital cortices (the right lingual gyrus and lateral occipital gyrus), and the basal frontal cortices (the right lateral orbitofrontal gyrus) showed time-dependent attenuation in cortical morphology indices. Furthermore, these effects on multiple cortices were dose-dependent, suggesting they were RT-associated. In contrast, in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus, there was a time-dependent increase in CT. Conclusions Our preliminary findings revealed divergent effects of irradiation on cortical brain morphology. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of irradiation-related neurotoxic effects on cortical brain morphology and will help guide the investigation of critically neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganzhou Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linquan Tang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lujun Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Mai
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
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Xu H, Huang H, Zou X, Xia P, Foon WALS, Wang J. A novel bio-active microsphere for meniscus regeneration via inducing cell migration and chondrocyte differentiation. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Can Dexmedetomidine Be Effective in the Protection of Radiotherapy-Induced Brain Damage in the Rat? Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1338-1351. [PMID: 34057703 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are reported to be undergoing radiotherapy (RT) at any one time in the world. However, it is still not possible to prevent damage to secondary organs that are off-target. This study, therefore, investigated the potential adverse effects of RT on the brain, using cognitive, histopathological, and biochemical methods, and the counteractive effect of the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats aged 5-6 months were randomly allocated into four groups: untreated control, and RT, RT + dexmedetomidine-100, and RT + dexmedetomidine-200-treated groups. The passive avoidance test was applied to all groups. The RT groups received total body X-ray irradiation as a single dose of 8 Gy. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after X-ray irradiation, and following the application of the passive avoidance test. The brain tissues were subjected to histological and biochemical evaluation. No statistically significant difference was found between the control and RT groups in terms of passive avoidance outcomes and 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) positivity. In contrast, a significant increase in tissue MDA and GSH levels and positivity for TUNEL, TNF-α, and nNOS was observed between the control and the irradiation groups (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in these values was observed in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine. Compared with the control group, gradual elevation was determined in GSH levels in the RT group, followed by the RT + dexmedetomidine-100 and RT + dexmedetomidine-200 groups. Dexmedetomidine may be beneficial in countering the adverse effects of RT in the cerebral and hippocampal regions.
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Wilson GD, Wilson TG, Hanna A, Fontanesi G, Kulchycki J, Buelow K, Pruetz BL, Michael DB, Chinnaiyan P, Maddens ME, Martinez AA, Fontanesi J. Low Dose Brain Irradiation Reduces Amyloid-β and Tau in 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:15-21. [PMID: 32280098 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that low doses of external beam ionizing irradiation reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and improved cognition in APP/PS1 mice. In this study we investigated the effects of radiation in an age-matched series of 3xTg-AD mice. Mice were hemibrain-irradiated with 5 fractions of 2 Gy and sacrificed 8 weeks after the end of treatment. Aβ and tau were assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantified using image analysis with Definiens Tissue Studio. We observed a significant reduction in Aβ plaque burden and tau staining; these two parameters were significantly correlated. This preliminary data is further support that low doses of radiation may be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Wilson
- Radiation Oncology Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Thomas G Wilson
- Radiation Oncology Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Alaa Hanna
- Radiation Oncology Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Justin Kulchycki
- Radiation Oncology Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Katie Buelow
- Radiation Oncology Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Daniel B Michael
- Michigan Head and Spine Institute, Southfield, MI, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael E Maddens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Alvaro A Martinez
- Radiation Oncology Institute, Division of Michigan Healthcare Professionals, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - James Fontanesi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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