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Pereira MF, Shyti R, Testa G. In and out: Benchmarking in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and xenografting approaches for an integrative brain disease modeling pipeline. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:767-795. [PMID: 38865969 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cellular models and their neuronal derivatives have afforded unprecedented advances in elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. Notwithstanding their indispensable contribution, animal models remain the benchmark in neurobiological research. In an attempt to harness the best of both worlds, researchers have increasingly relied on human/animal chimeras by xenografting human cells into the animal brain. Despite the unparalleled potential of xenografting approaches in the study of the human brain, literature resources that systematically examine their significance and advantages are surprisingly lacking. We fill this gap by providing a comprehensive account of brain diseases that were thus far subjected to all three modeling approaches (transgenic rodents, in vitro human lineages, human-animal xenografting) and provide a critical appraisal of the impact of xenografting approaches for advancing our understanding of those diseases and brain development. Next, we give our perspective on integrating xenografting modeling pipeline with recent cutting-edge technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene F Pereira
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Neurogenomics Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Reinald Shyti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Neurogenomics Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Neurogenomics Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy.
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2
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Réthelyi JM, Vincze K, Schall D, Glennon J, Berkel S. The role of insulin/IGF1 signalling in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders - Evidence from human neuronal cell models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105330. [PMID: 37516219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling play a central role in the development and maintenance of neurons in the brain, and human neurodevelopmental as well as neuropsychiatric disorders have been linked to impaired insulin and IGF1 signalling. This review focuses on the impairments of the insulin and IGF1 signalling cascade in the context of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, based on evidence from human neuronal cell models. Clear evidence was obtained for impaired insulin and IGF1 receptor downstream signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders, while the evidence for its role in neuropsychiatric disorders was less substantial. Human neuronal model systems can greatly add to our knowledge about insulin/IGF1 signalling in the brain, its role in restoring dendritic maturity, and complement results from clinical studies and animal models. Moreover, they represent a useful model for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to systematically investigate the exact role of the insulin/IGF1 signalling cascades in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, and to elucidate the respective therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Vincze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorothea Schall
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Berkel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre of Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Germany.
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3
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Zhou Z, Zhi C, Chen D, Cai Z, Jiang X. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals cell type-specific transcriptome alterations of Down syndrome hippocampus using the Dp16 mouse model. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1305-1315. [PMID: 37548883 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS), the most frequently occurring human chromosomal disorder, is caused by trisomy 21. The exact molecular effects of trisomy on certain cell populations in the brain remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trisomy on the transcriptomes of various types of neurons and nonneuronal cells in the hippocampus. METHODS A total of 8993 nuclei from the WT and 6445 nuclei from the Dp16 hippocampus were analyzed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq). Cell clustering was achieved by the Seurat program. RESULTS Hippocampal cells were grouped into multiple neuronal and nonneuronal populations. Only a limited number of trisomic genes were upregulated (q < 0.001) over 1.25-fold in a specific type of hippocampal cell. Specifically, deregulation of genes associated with synaptic signaling and organization was observed in multiple cell populations, including excitatory neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. This observation suggests the potential importance of synapse deficits in DS. Interestingly, GO annotation of the upregulated genes suggested potential activation of the immune system by hippocampal excitatory neurons. Fewer trisomic genes were altered in nonneuronal cells than in neurons. Notably, microglial transcriptome analysis revealed significantly (q < 0.001) increased expression of C1qb and C1qc, which suggested potential involvement of complement-mediated synapse loss mediated by microglia in DS. CONCLUSION The trisomy-related hippocampal deficits should be driven by a small amount, not all, of the trisomic genes in a specific type of cell. Our work may help to narrow down both the molecular and cellular targets for future gene therapies in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Zhou
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunchun Zhi
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Die Chen
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Nguyen TT, Camp CR, Doan JK, Traynelis SF, Sloan SA, Hall RA. GPR37L1 controls maturation and organization of cortical astrocytes during development. Glia 2023; 71:1921-1946. [PMID: 37029775 PMCID: PMC10315172 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte maturation is crucial to proper brain development and function. This maturation process includes the ramification of astrocytic morphology and the establishment of astrocytic domains. While this process has been well-studied, the mechanisms by which astrocyte maturation is initiated are not well understood. GPR37L1 is an astrocyte-specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is predominantly expressed in mature astrocytes and has been linked to the modulation of seizure susceptibility in both humans and mice. To investigate the role of GPR37L1 in astrocyte biology, RNA-seq analyses were performed on astrocytes immunopanned from P7 Gpr37L1-/- knockout (L1KO) mouse cortex and compared to those from wild-type (WT) mouse cortex. These RNA-seq studies revealed that pathways involved in central nervous system development were altered and that L1KO cortical astrocytes express lower amounts of mature astrocytic genes compared to WT astrocytes. Immunohistochemical studies of astrocytes from L1KO mouse brain revealed that these astrocytes exhibit overall shorter total process length, and are also less complex and spaced further apart from each other in the mouse cortex. This work sheds light on how GPR37L1 regulates cellular processes involved in the control of astrocyte biology and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad R. Camp
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Juleva K. Doan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Stephen F. Traynelis
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Steven A. Sloan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
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5
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Berryer MH, Tegtmeyer M, Binan L, Valakh V, Nathanson A, Trendafilova D, Crouse E, Klein JA, Meyer D, Pietiläinen O, Rapino F, Farhi SL, Rubin LL, McCarroll SA, Nehme R, Barrett LE. Robust induction of functional astrocytes using NGN2 expression in human pluripotent stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106995. [PMID: 37534135 PMCID: PMC10391684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence of species divergent features of astrocytes coupled with the relative inaccessibility of human brain tissue underscore the utility of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies for the generation and study of human astrocytes. However, existing approaches for hPSC-astrocyte generation are typically lengthy or require intermediate purification steps. Here, we establish a rapid and highly scalable method for generating functional human induced astrocytes (hiAs). These hiAs express canonical astrocyte markers, respond to pro-inflammatory stimuli, exhibit ATP-induced calcium transients and support neuronal network development. Moreover, single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal the generation of highly reproducible cell populations across individual donors, mostly resembling human fetal astrocytes. Finally, hiAs generated from a trisomy 21 disease model identify expected alterations in cell-cell adhesion and synaptic signaling, supporting their utility for disease modeling applications. Thus, hiAs provide a valuable and practical resource for the study of basic human astrocyte function and dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Berryer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Tegtmeyer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Loïc Binan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vera Valakh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Nathanson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darina Trendafilova
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Crouse
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny A. Klein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca Rapino
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samouil L. Farhi
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralda Nehme
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lindy E. Barrett
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Yan YW, Qian ES, Woodard LE, Bejoy J. Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells: Advances in disease modeling. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:530-547. [PMID: 37424945 PMCID: PMC10324500 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases affect 1 in 6 people worldwide. These diseases range from acute neurological conditions such as stroke to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent advancements in tissue-engineered brain disease models have overcome many of the different shortcomings associated with the various animal models, tissue culture models, and epidemiologic patient data that are commonly used to study brain disease. One innovative method by which to model human neurological disease is via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to neural lineages including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Three-dimensional models such as brain organoids have also been derived from hPSCs, offering more physiological relevance due to their incorporation of various cell types. As such, brain organoids can better model the pathophysiology of neural diseases observed in patients. In this review, we will emphasize recent developments in hPSC-based tissue culture models of neurological disorders and how they are being used to create neural disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Yan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Eddie S Qian
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Lauren E Woodard
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Julie Bejoy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
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7
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Watson LA, Meharena HS. From neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration: utilizing human stem cell models to gain insight into Down syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198129. [PMID: 37323671 PMCID: PMC10267712 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is the most frequent aneuploidy observed in the human population and represents the most common genetic form of intellectual disability and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with DS exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, with a number of organs implicated including the neurological, immune, musculoskeletal, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems. Decades of DS research have illuminated our understanding of the disorder, however many of the features that limit quality of life and independence of individuals with DS, including intellectual disability and early-onset dementia, remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to neurological features of DS has caused significant roadblocks in developing effective therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life for individuals with DS. Recent technological advances in human stem cell culture methods, genome editing approaches, and single-cell transcriptomics have provided paradigm-shifting insights into complex neurological diseases such as DS. Here, we review novel neurological disease modeling approaches, how they have been used to study DS, and what questions might be addressed in the future using these innovative tools.
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8
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Peng L, Baradar AA, Aguado J, Wolvetang E. Cellular senescence and premature aging in Down Syndrome. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 212:111824. [PMID: 37236373 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in cognitive impairment, physical abnormalities, and an increased risk of age-related co-morbidities. Individuals with DS exhibit accelerated aging, which has been attributed to several cellular mechanisms, including cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence may play a key role in the pathogenesis of DS and the development of age-related disorders in this population. Importantly, cellular senescence may be a potential therapeutic target in alleviating age-related DS pathology. Here, we discuss the importance of focusing on cellular senescence to understand accelerated aging in DS. We review the current state of knowledge regarding cellular senescence and other hallmarks of aging in DS, including its putative contribution to cognitive impairment, multi-organ dysfunction, and premature aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianli Peng
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alireza A Baradar
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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9
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Teles E Silva AL, Yokota BY, Sertié AL, Zampieri BL. Generation of Urine-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids for Modeling Down Syndrome. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1116-1123. [PMID: 36652145 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS, or trisomy 21, T21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Alterations in the complex process of cerebral cortex development contribute to the neurological deficits in DS, although the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not completely understood. Human cerebral organoids (COs) derived from three-dimensional (3D) cultures of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new avenue for gaining a better understanding of DS neuropathology. In this study, we aimed to generate iPSCs from individuals with DS (T21-iPSCs) and euploid controls using urine-derived cells, which can be easily and noninvasively obtained from most individuals, and examine their ability to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes grown in monolayer cultures, as well as into 3D COs. We employed nonintegrating episomal vectors to generate urine-derived iPSC lines, and a simple-to-use system to produce COs with forebrain identity. We observed that both T21 and control urine-derived iPSC lines successfully differentiate into neurons and astrocytes in monolayer, as well as into COs that recapitulate early features of human cortical development, including organization of neural progenitor zones, programmed differentiation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and upper-and deep-layer cortical neurons as well as astrocytes. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the suitability of using urine-derived iPSC lines to produce COs for modeling DS.
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10
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García O, Flores-Aguilar L. Astroglial and microglial pathology in Down syndrome: Focus on Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:987212. [PMID: 36212691 PMCID: PMC9533652 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.987212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) arises from the triplication of human chromosome 21 and is considered the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Glial cells, specifically astroglia and microglia, display pathological alterations that might contribute to DS neuropathological alterations. Further, in middle adulthood, people with DS develop clinical symptoms associated with premature aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, encoded on chromosome 21, leads to increased amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and subsequent formation of Aβ plaques in the brains of individuals with DS. Amyloid-β deposition might contribute to astroglial and microglial reactivity, leading to neurotoxic effects and elevated secretion of inflammatory mediators. This review discusses evidence of astroglial and microglial alterations that might be associated with the AD continuum in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García
- Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Octavio García
| | - Lisi Flores-Aguilar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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11
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Kleschevnikov AM. Enhanced GIRK2 channel signaling in Down syndrome: A feasible role in the development of abnormal nascent neural circuits. Front Genet 2022; 13:1006068. [PMID: 36171878 PMCID: PMC9510977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1006068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most distinctive feature of Down syndrome (DS) is moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Genetic, molecular, and neuronal mechanisms of this complex DS phenotype are currently under intensive investigation. It is becoming increasingly clear that the abnormalities arise from a combination of initial changes caused by triplication of genes on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and later compensatory adaptations affecting multiple brain systems. Consequently, relatively mild initial cognitive deficits become pronounced with age. This pattern of changes suggests that one approach to improving cognitive function in DS is to target the earliest critical changes, the prevention of which can change the ‘trajectory’ of the brain development and reduce the destructive effects of the secondary alterations. Here, we review the experimental data on the role of KCNJ6 in DS-specific brain abnormalities, focusing on a putative role of this gene in the development of abnormal neural circuits in the hippocampus of genetic mouse models of DS. It is suggested that the prevention of these early abnormalities with pharmacological or genetic means can ameliorate cognitive impairment in DS.
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12
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Caldwell ALM, Sancho L, Deng J, Bosworth A, Miglietta A, Diedrich JK, Shokhirev MN, Allen NJ. Aberrant astrocyte protein secretion contributes to altered neuronal development in multiple models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1163-1178. [PMID: 36042312 PMCID: PMC10395413 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes negatively impact neuronal development in many models of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs); however, how they do this, and if mechanisms are shared across disorders, is not known. In this study, we developed a cell culture system to ask how astrocyte protein secretion and gene expression change in three mouse models of genetic NDs (Rett, Fragile X and Down syndromes). ND astrocytes increase release of Igfbp2, a secreted inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). IGF rescues neuronal deficits in many NDs, and we found that blocking Igfbp2 partially rescues inhibitory effects of Rett syndrome astrocytes, suggesting that increased astrocyte Igfbp2 contributes to decreased IGF signaling in NDs. We identified that increased BMP signaling is upstream of protein secretion changes, including Igfbp2, and blocking BMP signaling in Fragile X and Rett syndrome astrocytes reverses inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth. This work provides a resource of astrocyte-secreted proteins in health and ND models and identifies novel targets for intervention in diverse NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L M Caldwell
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Sancho
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James Deng
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Bosworth
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Miglietta
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Wu CI, Vinton EA, Pearse RV, Heo K, Aylward AJ, Hsieh YC, Bi Y, Adeleye S, Fancher S, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Schwarz TL, Young-Pearse TL. APP and DYRK1A regulate axonal and synaptic vesicle protein networks and mediate Alzheimer's pathology in trisomy 21 neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1970-1989. [PMID: 35194165 PMCID: PMC9133025 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21) causes Down syndrome and an early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) along with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to investigate the contribution of chromosome 21 candidate genes to AD-relevant neuronal phenotypes. We utilized a direct neuronal differentiation protocol to bypass neurodevelopmental cell fate phenotypes caused by T21 followed by unbiased proteomics and western blotting to define the proteins dysregulated in T21 postmitotic neurons. We show that normalization of copy number of APP and DYRK1A each rescue elevated tau phosphorylation in T21 neurons, while reductions of RCAN1 and SYNJ1 do not. To determine the T21 alterations relevant to early-onset AD, we identified common pathways altered in familial Alzheimer's disease neurons and determined which of these were rescued by normalization of APP and DYRK1A copy number in T21 neurons. These studies identified disruptions in T21 neurons in both the axonal cytoskeletal network and presynaptic proteins that play critical roles in axonal transport and synaptic vesicle cycling. These alterations in the proteomic profiles have functional consequences: fAD and T21 neurons exhibit dysregulated axonal trafficking and T21 neurons display enhanced synaptic vesicle release. Taken together, our findings provide insights into the initial molecular alterations within neurons that ultimately lead to synaptic loss and axonal degeneration in Down syndrome and early-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Vinton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard V Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keunjung Heo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aimee J Aylward
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Bi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sopefoluwa Adeleye
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seeley Fancher
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Cell models for Down syndrome-Alzheimer’s disease research. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210054. [PMID: 35449591 PMCID: PMC8996251 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and leads to intellectual disability, increased risk of cardiac defects, and an altered immune response. Individuals with DS have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and are more likely to develop early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than the general population. Changes in expression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-encoded genes, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD in DS (DS-AD). However, the mechanisms of DS-AD remain poorly understood. To date, several mouse models with an extra copy of genes syntenic to Hsa21 have been developed to characterise DS-AD-related phenotypes. Nonetheless, due to genetic and physiological differences between mouse and human, mouse models cannot faithfully recapitulate all features of DS-AD. Cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), isolated from individuals with genetic diseases, can be used to model disease-related cellular and molecular pathologies, including DS. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of mouse models of DS and how these can be addressed using recent advancements in modelling DS using human iPSCs and iPSC-mouse chimeras, and potential applications of iPSCs in preclinical studies for DS-AD.
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15
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Ghirotto B, Oliveira DF, Cipelli M, Basso PJ, de Lima J, Breda CNS, Ribeiro HC, Silva CCC, Sertié AL, Oliveira AER, Hiyane MI, Caldini EG, Sussulini A, Nakaya HI, Kowaltowski AJ, Oliveira EML, Zatz M, Câmara NOS. MS-driven metabolic alterations are recapitulated in iPSC-derived astrocytes. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:652-669. [PMID: 35226368 PMCID: PMC9310856 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Astrocytes play a significant role in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, for ethical reasons, most studies in these cells were performed using the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis model. As there are significant differences between human and mouse cells, we aimed here to better characterize astrocytes from patients with MS (PwMS), focusing mainly on mitochondrial function and cell metabolism. Methods We obtained and characterized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived astrocytes from three PwMS and three unaffected controls, and performed electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytokine and glutamate measurements, gene expression, in situ respiration, and metabolomics. We validated our findings using a single‐nuclei RNA sequencing dataset. Results We detected several differences in MS astrocytes including: (i) enrichment of genes associated with neurodegeneration, (ii) increased mitochondrial fission, (iii) increased production of superoxide and MS‐related proinflammatory chemokines, (iv) impaired uptake and enhanced release of glutamate, (v) increased electron transport capacity and proton leak, in line with the increased oxidative stress, and (vi) a distinct metabolic profile, with a deficiency in amino acid catabolism and increased sphingolipid metabolism, which have already been linked to MS. Interpretation Here we describe the metabolic profile of iPSC‐derived astrocytes from PwMS and validate this model as a very powerful tool to study disease mechanisms and to perform non‐invasive drug targeting assays in vitro. Our findings recapitulate several disease features described in patients and provide new mechanistic insights into the metabolic rewiring of astrocytes in MS, which could be targeted in future therapeutic studies. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:652–669
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ghirotto
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Danyllo F Oliveira
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcella Cipelli
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Basso
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jean de Lima
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane N S Breda
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique C Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Camille C C Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea L Sertié
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Edson R Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elia G Caldini
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Enedina M L Oliveira
- Neuroimmunology Clinic, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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16
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Panagaki T, Lozano-Montes L, Janickova L, Zuhra K, Szabo MP, Majtan T, Rainer G, Maréchal D, Herault Y, Szabo C. Overproduction of hydrogen sulfide, generated by cystathionine β-synthase, disrupts brain wave patterns and contributes to neurobehavioral dysfunction in a rat model of down syndrome. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102233. [PMID: 35042677 PMCID: PMC9039679 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel rat model of Down syndrome (DS), the functional role of the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway was investigated on the pathogenesis of brain wave pattern alterations and neurobehavioral dysfunction. Increased expression of CBS and subsequent overproduction of H2S was observed in the brain of DS rats, with CBS primarily localizing to astrocytes and the vasculature. DS rats exhibited neurobehavioral defects, accompanied by a loss of gamma brain wave activity and a suppression of the expression of multiple pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Aminooxyacetate, a prototypical pharmacological inhibitor of CBS, increased the ability of the DS brain tissue to generate ATP in vitro and reversed the electrophysiological and neurobehavioral alterations in vivo. Thus, the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction in DS, most likely through dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lozano-Montes
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Visual Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Janickova
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marcell P Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Damien Maréchal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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Ponroy Bally B, Murai KK. Astrocytes in Down Syndrome Across the Lifespan. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:702685. [PMID: 34483840 PMCID: PMC8416355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.702685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability in which delays and impairments in brain development and function lead to neurological and cognitive phenotypes. Traditionally, a neurocentric approach, focusing on neurons and their connectivity, has been applied to understanding the mechanisms involved in DS brain pathophysiology with an emphasis on how triplication of chromosome 21 leads to alterations in neuronal survival and homeostasis, synaptogenesis, brain circuit development, and neurodegeneration. However, recent studies have drawn attention to the role of non-neuronal cells, especially astrocytes, in DS. Astrocytes comprise a large proportion of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and are critical for brain development, homeostasis, and function. As triplication of chromosome 21 occurs in all cells in DS (with the exception of mosaic DS), a deeper understanding of the impact of trisomy 21 on astrocytes in DS pathophysiology is warranted and will likely be necessary for determining how specific brain alterations and neurological phenotypes emerge and progress in DS. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of astrocytes in DS, and discuss how specific perturbations in this cell type can impact the brain across the lifespan from early brain development to adult stages. Finally, we highlight how targeting, modifying, and/or correcting specific molecular pathways and properties of astrocytes in DS may provide an effective therapeutic direction given the important role of astrocytes in regulating brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Ponroy Bally
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Complement C4 Is Reduced in iPSC-Derived Astrocytes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147579. [PMID: 34299197 PMCID: PMC8305914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that the innate immune complement system is involved in several aspects of normal brain development and in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although abnormal expression of complement components was observed in post-mortem brain samples from individuals with ASD, little is known about the expression patterns of complement molecules in distinct cell types in the developing autistic brain. In the present study, we characterized the mRNA and protein expression profiles of a wide range of complement system components, receptors and regulators in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, neurons and astrocytes of individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls, which constitute in vitro cellular models that recapitulate certain features of both human brain development and ASD pathophysiology. We observed that all the analyzed cell lines constitutively express several key complement molecules. Interestingly, using different quantification strategies, we found that complement C4 mRNA and protein are expressed in significantly lower levels by astrocytes derived from ASD individuals compared to control astrocytes. As astrocytes participate in synapse elimination, and diminished C4 levels have been linked to defective synaptic pruning, our findings may contribute to an increased understanding of the atypically enhanced brain connectivity in ASD.
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19
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de Castro Fonseca M, de Oliveira JF, Araujo BHS, Canateli C, do Prado PFV, Amorim Neto DP, Bosque BP, Rodrigues PV, de Godoy JVP, Tostes K, Filho HVR, Nascimento AFZ, Saito A, Tonoli CCC, Batista FAH, de Oliveira PSL, Figueira AC, Souza da Costa S, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C, Westfahl H, da Silva AJR, Franchini KG. Molecular and cellular basis of hyperassembly and protein aggregation driven by a rare pathogenic mutation in DDX3X. iScience 2021; 24:102841. [PMID: 34381968 PMCID: PMC8335631 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies estimate that 1–3% of females with unexplained intellectual disability (ID) present de novo splice site, nonsense, frameshift, or missense mutations in the DDX3X protein (DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X mutations impair brain development are not fully comprehended. Here, we show that the ID-linked missense mutation L556S renders DDX3X prone to aggregation. By using a combination of biophysical assays and imaging approaches, we demonstrate that this mutant assembles solid-like condensates and amyloid-like fibrils. Although we observed greatly reduced expression of the mutant allele in a patient who exhibits skewed X inactivation, this appears to be enough to sequestrate healthy proteins into solid-like ectopic granules, compromising cell function. Therefore, our data suggest ID-linked DDX3X L556S mutation as a disorder arising from protein misfolding and aggregation. DDX3X mutations skew X-inactivation and are found in 1-3% of unexplained ID in females DDX3X mutant proteins assemble solid-like condensates and amyloid-like fibrils Aberrant granules formed by DDX3X mutants sequestrate healthy DDX3X protein ID-linked DDX3X L556S mutation decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Camila Canateli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Paula Favoretti Vital do Prado
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Dionísio Pedro Amorim Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pelegrini Bosque
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulla Vieira Rodrigues
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Pereira de Godoy
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Helder Veras Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Andrey Fabricio Ziem Nascimento
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Saito
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Celisa Caldana Costa Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Heleno Batista
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Lopes de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harry Westfahl
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Roque da Silva
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kleber Gomes Franchini
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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20
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Kawatani K, Nambara T, Nawa N, Yoshimatsu H, Kusakabe H, Hirata K, Tanave A, Sumiyama K, Banno K, Taniguchi H, Arahori H, Ozono K, Kitabatake Y. A human isogenic iPSC-derived cell line panel identifies major regulators of aberrant astrocyte proliferation in Down syndrome. Commun Biol 2021; 4:730. [PMID: 34127780 PMCID: PMC8203796 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes exert adverse effects on the brains of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Although a neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in the fate-specification step has been reported, the mechanisms and key regulators underlying the accelerated proliferation of astrocyte precursor cells (APCs) in DS remain elusive. Here, we established a human isogenic cell line panel based on DS-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, the XIST-mediated transcriptional silencing system in trisomic chromosome 21, and genome/chromosome-editing technologies to eliminate phenotypic fluctuations caused by genetic variation. The transcriptional responses of genes observed upon XIST induction and/or downregulation are not uniform, and only a small subset of genes show a characteristic expression pattern, which is consistent with the proliferative phenotypes of DS APCs. Comparative analysis and experimental verification using gene modification reveal dose-dependent proliferation-promoting activity of DYRK1A and PIGP on DS APCs. Our collection of human isogenic cell lines provides a comprehensive set of cellular models for further DS investigations. Keiji Kawatani et al. developed a panel of Down syndrome (DS) isogenic astrocytes derived from iPSCs to observe the consequence of DS on astrocyte precursor proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. Their results suggest a dose-dependent effect of DYRK1A and PIGP on DS-derived astrocyte precursor proliferation, and represent a valuable resource and cellular model for future DS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kawatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nambara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yoshimatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Kusakabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tanave
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Banno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Arahori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuji Kitabatake
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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21
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Anderson NC, Chen PF, Meganathan K, Afshar Saber W, Petersen AJ, Bhattacharyya A, Kroll KL, Sahin M. Balancing serendipity and reproducibility: Pluripotent stem cells as experimental systems for intellectual and developmental disorders. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1446-1457. [PMID: 33861989 PMCID: PMC8190574 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation into neural lineages is a revolutionary experimental system for studying neurological disorders, including intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). However, issues related to variability and reproducibility have hindered translating preclinical findings into drug discovery. Here, we identify areas for improvement by conducting a comprehensive review of 58 research articles that utilized iPSC-derived neural cells to investigate genetically defined IDDs. Based upon these findings, we propose recommendations for best practices that can be adopted by research scientists as well as journal editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickesha C Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pin-Fang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kesavan Meganathan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Kristen L Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Ren B, Dunaevsky A. Modeling Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Diseases with Astrocytes Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1692. [PMID: 33567562 PMCID: PMC7915337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate the morphological and functional diversity of astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells in the central nervous system. Animal models are instrumental in advancing our understanding of the role of astrocytes in brain development and their contribution to neurological disease; however, substantial interspecies differences exist between rodent and human astrocytes, underscoring the importance of studying human astrocytes. Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation approaches allow the study of patient-specific astrocytes in the etiology of neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the structural and functional properties of astrocytes, including the unique features of human astrocytes; demonstrate the necessity of the stem cell platform; and discuss how this platform has been applied to the research of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Department of Neurological Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- Department of Neurological Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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23
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Ravi K, Paidas MJ, Saad A, Jayakumar AR. Astrocytes in rare neurological conditions: Morphological and functional considerations. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2676-2705. [PMID: 33496339 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a population of central nervous system (CNS) cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain and are widely distributed throughout the CNS. There are mainly two types of astrocytes, protoplasmic and fibrous, which differ in morphologic appearance and location. Astrocytes are important cells of the CNS that not only provide structural support, but also modulate synaptic activity, regulate neuroinflammatory responses, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and supply energy to neurons. As a result, astrocytic disruption can lead to widespread detrimental effects and can contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions. The characteristics of astrocytes in more common neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease have significantly been described and continue to be widely studied. However, there still exist numerous rare neurological conditions in which astrocytic involvement is unknown and needs to be explored. Accordingly, this review will summarize functional and morphological changes of astrocytes in various rare neurological conditions based on current knowledge thus far and highlight remaining neuropathologies where astrocytic involvement has yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Ravi
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ali Saad
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Arumugam R Jayakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education Inc, Miami, Florida, USA.,General Medical Research Neuropathology Section, R&D Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Miami, Florida, USA
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24
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Garcia-Rosa S, de Freitas Brenha B, Felipe da Rocha V, Goulart E, Araujo BHS. Personalized Medicine Using Cutting Edge Technologies for Genetic Epilepsies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:813-831. [PMID: 32933463 PMCID: PMC8686309 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200915151909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurologic disorder in the world, affecting 1-2% of the population. Besides, 30% of epilepsy patients are drug-resistant. Genomic mutations seem to play a key role in its etiology and knowledge of strong effect mutations in protein structures might improve prediction and the development of efficacious drugs to treat epilepsy. Several genetic association studies have been undertaken to examine the effect of a range of candidate genes for resistance. Although, few studies have explored the effect of the mutations into protein structure and biophysics in the epilepsy field. Much work remains to be done, but the plans made for exciting developments will hold therapeutic potential for patients with drug-resistance. In summary, we provide a critical review of the perspectives for the development of individualized medicine for epilepsy based on genetic polymorphisms/mutations in light of core elements such as transcriptomics, structural biology, disease model, pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics in a manner to improve the success of trial designs of antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Garcia-Rosa
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Material (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Freitas Brenha
- Laboratory of Embryonic Genetic Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Felipe da Rocha
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Material (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Material (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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25
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Zhang X, Li Z, Liu Y, Gai Z. Great Expectations: Induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in neurodevelopmental impairments. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:459-473. [PMID: 33390815 PMCID: PMC7757149 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells such as skin fibroblasts, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, urinary epithelial cells, etc., are transformed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming technology, a milestone in the stem-cell research field. IPSCs are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), exhibiting the potential to differentiate into various somatic cells. Still, the former avoid problems of immune rejection and medical ethics in the study of ESCs and clinical trials. Neurodevelopmental disorders are chronic developmental brain dysfunctions that affect cognition, exercise, social adaptability, behavior, etc. Due to various inherited or acquired causes, they seriously affect the physical and psychological health of infants and children. These include generalized stunting / mental disability (GDD/ID), Epilepsy, autism spectrum disease (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most neurodevelopmental disorders are challenging to cure. Establishing a neurodevelopmental disorder system model is essential for researching and treating neurodevelopmental disorders. At this stage, the scarcity of samples is a bigger problem for studying neurological diseases based on the donor, ethics, etc. Some iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells that carry disease-causing mutations. They differentiate into nerve cells by induction, which has the original characteristics of diseases. Disease-specific iPSCs are used to study the mechanism and pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. The process provided samples and the impetus for developing drugs and developing treatment plans for neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, this article mainly introduced the development of iPSCs, the currently established iPSCs disease models, and artificial organoids related to neurodevelopmental impairments. This technology will promote our understanding of neurodevelopmental impairments and bring great expectations to children with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250033, China
| | - Zilong Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.,Jinan Pediatric Research Institute, Jinan Children's Hospital, Ji'nan 250022, China
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26
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Fernández-Blanco Á, Dierssen M. Rethinking Intellectual Disability from Neuro- to Astro-Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9039. [PMID: 33261169 PMCID: PMC7730506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from genetic and/or from environmental factors and are characterized by different degrees of intellectual disability. The mechanisms that govern important processes sustaining learning and memory, which are severely affected in intellectual disability, have classically been thought to be exclusively under neuronal control. However, this vision has recently evolved into a more integrative conception in which astroglia, rather than just acting as metabolic supply and structural anchoring for neurons, interact at distinct levels modulating neuronal communication and possibly also cognitive processes. Recently, genetic tools have made it possible to specifically manipulate astrocyte activity unraveling novel functions that involve astrocytes in memory function in the healthy brain. However, astrocyte manipulation has also underscored potential mechanisms by which dysfunctional astrocytes could contribute to memory deficits in several neurodevelopmental disorders revealing new pathogenic mechanisms in intellectual disability. Here, we review the current knowledge about astrocyte dysfunction that might contribute to learning and memory impairment in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special focus on Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Fossati G, Matteoli M, Menna E. Astrocytic Factors Controlling Synaptogenesis: A Team Play. Cells 2020; 9:E2173. [PMID: 32993090 PMCID: PMC7600026 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential players in brain circuit development and homeostasis, controlling many aspects of synapse formation, function, plasticity and elimination both during development and adulthood. Accordingly, alterations in astrocyte morphogenesis and physiology may severely affect proper brain development, causing neurological or neuropsychiatric conditions. Recent findings revealed a huge astrocyte heterogeneity among different brain areas, which is likely at the foundation of the different synaptogenic potential of these cells in selected brain regions. This review highlights recent findings on novel mechanisms that regulate astrocyte-mediated synaptogenesis during development, and the control of synapse number in the critical period or upon synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS—NeuroCenter, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS—NeuroCenter, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (M.M.)
- CNR, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience—URT Humanitas, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS—NeuroCenter, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (M.M.)
- CNR, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience—URT Humanitas, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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28
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Martínez-Cué C, Rueda N. Signalling Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration in Individuals with and without Down Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6906. [PMID: 32962300 PMCID: PMC7555886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the most common cause of intellectual disability of genetic origin, is characterized by alterations in central nervous system morphology and function that appear from early prenatal stages. However, by the fourth decade of life, all individuals with DS develop neuropathology identical to that found in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles due to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, loss of neurons and synapses, reduced neurogenesis, enhanced oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. It has been proposed that DS could be a useful model for studying the etiopathology of AD and to search for therapeutic targets. There is increasing evidence that the neuropathological events associated with AD are interrelated and that many of them not only are implicated in the onset of this pathology but are also a consequence of other alterations. Thus, a feedback mechanism exists between them. In this review, we summarize the signalling pathways implicated in each of the main neuropathological aspects of AD in individuals with and without DS as well as the interrelation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;
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29
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Hayashi Y, Takami M, Matsuo-Takasaki M. Studying Abnormal Chromosomal Diseases Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:224. [PMID: 32922264 PMCID: PMC7456929 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormality causes congenital and acquired intractable diseases. In general, there are no fundamental treatments for these diseases. To establish platforms to develop therapeutics for these diseases, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are highly beneficial. To study abnormal chromosomal diseases, it is often hard to apply animal disease models because the chromosomal structures are variable among species. It is also difficult to apply simple genome editing technology in cells or individuals for abnormal chromosomes. Thus, these patient-derived iPSCs have advantages for developing disease models with multiple cell and tissue types, which are typically seen in the symptoms of abnormal chromosomal diseases. Here we review the studies of patient-derived iPSCs carrying abnormal chromosomes, focusing on pluripotent state and neural lineages. We also discuss the technological advances in chromosomal manipulations toward establishing experimental models and future therapeutics. Patient-derived iPSCs carrying chromosomal abnormality are valuable as cellular bioresources since they can indefinitely proliferate and provide various cell types. Also, these findings and technologies are important for future studies on elucidating pathogenesis, drug development, regenerative medicine, and gene therapy for abnormal chromosomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hayashi
- iPS Advanced Characterization and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miho Takami
- iPS Advanced Characterization and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuo-Takasaki
- iPS Advanced Characterization and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
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30
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Ponroy Bally B, Farmer WT, Jones EV, Jessa S, Kacerovsky JB, Mayran A, Peng H, Lefebvre JL, Drouin J, Hayer A, Ernst C, Murai KK. Human iPSC-derived Down syndrome astrocytes display genome-wide perturbations in gene expression, an altered adhesion profile, and increased cellular dynamics. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:785-802. [PMID: 31943018 PMCID: PMC7104679 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21, leads to significant alterations in brain development and is a major genetic cause of intellectual disability. While much is known about changes to neurons in DS, the effects of trisomy 21 on non-neuronal cells such as astrocytes are poorly understood. Astrocytes are critical for brain development and function, and their alteration may contribute to DS pathophysiology. To better understand the impact of trisomy 21 on astrocytes, we performed RNA-sequencing on astrocytes from newly produced DS human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). While chromosome 21 genes were upregulated in DS astrocytes, we found consistent up- and down-regulation of genes across the genome with a strong dysregulation of neurodevelopmental, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules. ATAC (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin)-seq also revealed a global alteration in chromatin state in DS astrocytes, showing modified chromatin accessibility at promoters of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix genes. Along with these transcriptomic and epigenomic changes, DS astrocytes displayed perturbations in cell size and cell spreading as well as modifications to cell-cell and cell-substrate recognition/adhesion, and increases in cellular motility and dynamics. Thus, triplication of chromosome 21 is associated with genome-wide transcriptional, epigenomic and functional alterations in astrocytes that may contribute to altered brain development and function in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Ponroy Bally
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - W Todd Farmer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Emma V Jones
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Selin Jessa
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - J Benjamin Kacerovsky
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mayran
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Huashan Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Julie L Lefebvre
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Program for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Carl Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Keith K Murai
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
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31
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Pillet LE, Cresto N, Saillour Y, Ghézali G, Bemelmans AP, Livet J, Bienvenu T, Rouach N, Billuart P. The intellectual disability protein Oligophrenin-1 controls astrocyte morphology and migration. Glia 2020; 68:1729-1742. [PMID: 32073702 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are involved in several aspects of neuronal development and properties which are altered in intellectual disability (ID). Oligophrenin-1 is a RhoGAP protein implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, and whose mutations are associated with X-linked ID. Oligophrenin-1 is expressed in neurons, where its functions have been widely reported at the synapse, as well as in glial cells. However, its roles in astrocytes are still largely unexplored. Using in vitro and in vivo models of oligophrenin1 disruption in astrocytes, we found that oligophrenin1 regulates at the molecular level the RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 pathway in astroglial cells. We also showed at the cellular level that oligophrenin1 modulates astrocyte morphology and migration both in vitro and in vivo, and is involved in glial scar formation. Altogether, these data suggest that oligophrenin1 deficiency alters not only neuronal but also astrocytic functions, which might contribute to the development of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elise Pillet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Cresto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Ghézali
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, and CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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32
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Lee SE, Duran-Martinez M, Khantsis S, Bianchi DW, Guedj F. Challenges and Opportunities for Translation of Therapies to Improve Cognition in Down Syndrome. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:150-169. [PMID: 31706840 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While preclinical studies have reported improvement of behavioral deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), translation to human clinical trials to improve cognition in individuals with DS has had a poor success record. Timing of the intervention, choice of animal models, strategy for drug selection, and lack of translational endpoints between animals and humans contributed to prior failures of human clinical trials. Here, we focus on in vitro cell models from humans with DS to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the brain phenotype associated with DS. We emphasize the importance of using these cell models to screen for therapeutic molecules, followed by validating them in the most suitable animal models prior to initiating human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lee
- Medical Genetics Branch (Prenatal Genomic and Therapy Section), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Monica Duran-Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch (Prenatal Genomic and Therapy Section), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabina Khantsis
- Medical Genetics Branch (Prenatal Genomic and Therapy Section), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Medical Genetics Branch (Prenatal Genomic and Therapy Section), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Faycal Guedj
- Medical Genetics Branch (Prenatal Genomic and Therapy Section), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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33
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Abstract
Many brain disorders exhibit altered synapse formation in development or synapse loss with age. To understand the complexities of human synapse development and degeneration, scientists now engineer neurons and brain organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSC). These hIPSC-derived brain models develop both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and functional synaptic activity. In this review, we address the ability of hIPSC-derived brain models to recapitulate synapse development and insights gained into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic alterations in neuronal disorders. We also discuss the potential for more accurate human brain models to advance our understanding of synapse development, degeneration, and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Karen Newell-Litwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
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34
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Cresto N, Pillet LE, Billuart P, Rouach N. Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities? Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:518-527. [PMID: 31300246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders, including those involving intellectual disability, are characterized by abnormalities in formation and functions of synaptic circuits. Traditionally, research on synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission in health and disease focused on neurons, however, a growing number of studies have highlighted the role of astrocytes in this context. Tight structural and functional interactions of astrocytes and synapses indeed play important roles in brain functions, and the repertoire of astroglial regulations of synaptic circuits is large and complex. Recently, genetic studies of intellectual disabilities have underscored potential contributions of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Here we review how alterations of astrocyte functions in disease may interfere with neuronal excitability and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission during development, and contribute to intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Cresto
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Laure-Elise Pillet
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France; Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France.
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Logan S, Arzua T, Canfield SG, Seminary ER, Sison SL, Ebert AD, Bai X. Studying Human Neurological Disorders Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: From 2D Monolayer to 3D Organoid and Blood Brain Barrier Models. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:565-611. [PMID: 30873582 PMCID: PMC6705133 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders have emerged as a predominant healthcare concern in recent years due to their severe consequences on quality of life and prevalence throughout the world. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and the interactions between different brain cell types is essential for the development of new therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are invaluable tools for neurological disease modeling, as they have unlimited self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Mounting evidence shows: (i) various brain cells can be generated from iPSCs in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures; and (ii) further advances in 3D culture systems have led to the differentiation of iPSCs into organoids with multiple brain cell types and specific brain regions. These 3D organoids have gained widespread attention as in vitro tools to recapitulate complex features of the brain, and (iii) complex interactions between iPSC-derived brain cell types can recapitulate physiological and pathological conditions of blood-brain barrier (BBB). As iPSCs can be generated from diverse patient populations, researchers have effectively applied 2D, 3D, and BBB models to recapitulate genetically complex neurological disorders and reveal novel insights into molecular and genetic mechanisms of neurological disorders. In this review, we describe recent progress in the generation of 2D, 3D, and BBB models from iPSCs and further discuss their limitations, advantages, and future ventures. This review also covers the current status of applications of 2D, 3D, and BBB models in drug screening, precision medicine, and modeling a wide range of neurological diseases (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain injury, and neuropsychiatric disorders). © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:565-611, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Logan
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thiago Arzua
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Scott G. Canfield
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, IU School of Medicine-Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Emily R. Seminary
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Samantha L. Sison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Allison D. Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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36
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Caires-Júnior LC, Goulart E, Melo US, Araujo BHS, Alvizi L, Soares-Schanoski A, de Oliveira DF, Kobayashi GS, Griesi-Oliveira K, Musso CM, Amaral MS, daSilva LF, Astray RM, Suárez-Patiño SF, Ventini DC, Gomes da Silva S, Yamamoto GL, Ezquina S, Naslavsky MS, Telles-Silva KA, Weinmann K, van der Linden V, van der Linden H, de Oliveira JRM, Arrais NMR, Melo A, Figueiredo T, Santos S, Meira JGC, Passos SD, de Almeida RP, Bispo AJB, Cavalheiro EA, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E, Nakaya H, Andreata-Santos R, de Souza Ferreira LC, Verjovski-Almeida S, Ho PL, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M. Discordant congenital Zika syndrome twins show differential in vitro viral susceptibility of neural progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:475. [PMID: 29396410 PMCID: PMC5797251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) causes early brain development impairment by affecting neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Here, we analyze NPCs from three pairs of dizygotic twins discordant for CZS. We compare by RNA-Seq the NPCs derived from CZS-affected and CZS-unaffected twins. Prior to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection the NPCs from CZS babies show a significantly different gene expression signature of mTOR and Wnt pathway regulators, key to a neurodevelopmental program. Following ZIKV in vitro infection, cells from affected individuals have significantly higher ZIKV replication and reduced cell growth. Whole-exome analysis in 18 affected CZS babies as compared to 5 unaffected twins and 609 controls excludes a monogenic model to explain resistance or increased susceptibility to CZS development. Overall, our results indicate that CZS is not a stochastic event and depends on NPC intrinsic susceptibility, possibly related to oligogenic and/or epigenetic mechanisms. Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors generate neural progenitor cells from dizygotic twins with a discordant phenotype regarding CZS and study their response to ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Uirá Souto Melo
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas - SP, 13083-970, Brazil.,Neuroscience laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo - SP, 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alvizi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Danyllo Felipe de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Griesi-Oliveira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo - SP, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Manso Musso
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ferreira daSilva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo - SP, 05652-900, Brazil.,Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes - SP, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Suzana Ezquina
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Satya Naslavsky
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Kayque Alves Telles-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Weinmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Ricardo Mendes de Oliveira
- Neuropsychiatry Department and KeizoAsami Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thalita Figueiredo
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Silvana Santos
- Department of Biology, Paraíba State University (UEPB), Campina Grande - PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Duarte Passos
- Infectious pediatric laboratory, Medicine School of Jundiaí, Jundiaí - SP, 13202-550, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju - SP, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Jovina Barreto Bispo
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju - SP, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Esper Abrão Cavalheiro
- Neuroscience laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo - SP, 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo - SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Helder Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo - SP, 05503-900, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo - SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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