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Sciarretta F, Zaccaria F, Ninni A, Ceci V, Turchi R, Apolloni S, Milani M, Della Valle I, Tiberi M, Chiurchiù V, D'Ambrosi N, Pedretti S, Mitro N, Volontè C, Amadio S, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D. Frataxin deficiency shifts metabolism to promote reactive microglia via glucose catabolism. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402609. [PMID: 38631900 PMCID: PMC11024345 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism investigates the intricate relationship between the immune system and cellular metabolism. This study delves into the consequences of mitochondrial frataxin (FXN) depletion, the primary cause of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by impaired coordination and muscle control. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, we have identified distinct cellular clusters within the cerebellum of an FRDA mouse model, emphasizing a significant loss in the homeostatic response of microglial cells lacking FXN. Remarkably, these microglia deficient in FXN display heightened reactive responses to inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, our metabolomic analyses reveal a shift towards glycolysis and itaconate production in these cells. Remarkably, treatment with butyrate counteracts these immunometabolic changes, triggering an antioxidant response via the itaconate-Nrf2-GSH pathways and suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes. Furthermore, we identify Hcar2 (GPR109A) as a mediator involved in restoring the homeostasis of microglia without FXN. Motor function tests conducted on FRDA mice underscore the neuroprotective attributes of butyrate supplementation, enhancing neuromotor performance. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the role of disrupted homeostatic function in cerebellar microglia in the pathogenesis of FRDA. Moreover, they underscore the potential of butyrate to mitigate inflammatory gene expression, correct metabolic imbalances, and improve neuromotor capabilities in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sciarretta
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Zaccaria
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ninni
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ceci
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Turchi
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Savina Apolloni
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Milani
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Della Valle
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Volontè
- https://ror.org/04zaypm56 National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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Chakraborty P, Gamage HKAH, Laird AS. Butyrate as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105745. [PMID: 38641025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining an optimum microbial community within the gastrointestinal tract is intricately linked to human metabolic, immune and brain health. Disturbance to these microbial populations perturbs the production of vital bioactive compounds synthesised by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Of the SCFAs, butyrate is known to be a major source of energy for colonocytes and has valuable effects on the maintenance of intestinal epithelium and blood brain barrier integrity, gut motility and transit, anti-inflammatory effects, and autophagy induction. Inducing endogenous butyrate production is likely to be beneficial for gut-brain homeostasis and for optimal neuronal function. For these reasons, butyrate has gained interest as a potential therapy for not only metabolic and immunological disorders, but also conditions related to the brain, including neurodegenerative diseases. While direct and indirect sources of butyrate, including prebiotics, probiotics, butyrate pro-drugs and glucosidase inhibitors, offer a promising therapeutic avenue, their efficacy and dosage in neurodegenerative conditions remain largely unknown. Here, we review current literature on effects of butyrate relevant to neuronal function, the impact of butyrate in a range of neurodegenerative diseases and related treatments that may have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Chakraborty
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hasinika K A H Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Cui Y, Liu J, Lei X, Liu S, Chen H, Wei Z, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng C, Li Z. Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:548-556. [PMID: 37721283 PMCID: PMC10581592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis. The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system; however, the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury. This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury. Our research identified three key points. First, the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury. Second, following spinal cord injury, weakened intestinal peristalsis, prolonged intestinal transport time, and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function, as well as frequent antibiotic treatment, may induce gut dysbiosis. Third, the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury; cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Cui
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- International Cooperation and Exchange Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang Y, Xiong Z, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Zhou G, Zhou C, Ma X, Jiang X, Yu W. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid modulates macrophage polarization and Schwann cell migration to accelerate spinal cord injury repair in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14642. [PMID: 38430464 PMCID: PMC10908365 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibiting secondary inflammatory damage caused by glial cells and creating a stable microenvironment is one of the main strategies to investigate drugs for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is the active component of the natural drug boswellia, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and offers a possible therapeutic option for spinal cord injury. METHODS In this study, a spinal cord injury model was established by crushing spinal cord, respectively, to detect the M1 macrophage inflammatory markers: iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and the M2 macrophage markers CD206, ARG-1, IL-10, and the detection of antioxidant enzymes and MDA. In vitro, macrophages were cultured to verify the main mechanism of the macrophage switch from Nrf2/HO-1 to M2 type by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other techniques. Macrophage and Schwann cell co-culture validated the migration mechanism of Schwann cells promoted by AKBA. RESULTS AKBA significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and SOD, reduced MDA content, and reduced oxidative damage caused by spinal cord injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway; AKBA mediates Nrf2/HO-1/IL-10, converts macrophages from M1 to M2 type, reduces inflammation, and promotes Schwann cell migration, thereby accelerating the repair of spinal cord injury in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that AKBA can attenuate oxidative stress as well as the secondary inflammatory injury caused by macrophages after SCI, promote Schwann cell migration to the injury site, and thus accelerate the repair of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Zongliang Xiong
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yuncong Qiao
- School of Life SciencesNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Guanghu Zhou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xianglin Ma
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and TreatmentNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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5
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He M, Wei W, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Peng D, Kasimumali A, Rong S. Gut microbial metabolites SCFAs and chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:172. [PMID: 38369469 PMCID: PMC10874542 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is steadily escalating, with discernible linkage to the intricate terrain of intestinal microecology. The intestinal microbiota orchestrates a dynamic equilibrium in the organism, metabolizing dietary-derived compounds, a process which profoundly impacts human health. Among these compounds, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which result from microbial metabolic processes, play a versatile role in influencing host energy homeostasis, immune function, and intermicrobial signaling, etc. SCFAs emerge as pivotal risk factors influencing CKD's development and prognosis. This paper review elucidates the impact of gut microbial metabolites, specifically SCFAs, on CKD, highlighting their role in modulating host inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular autophagy, the immune milieu, and signaling cascades. An in-depth comprehension of the interplay between SCFAs and kidney disease pathogenesis may pave the way for their utilization as biomarkers for CKD progression and prognosis or as novel adjunctive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenqian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhouxia Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ayijiaken Kasimumali
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shu Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Xiong Z, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhang J, Qi X, Jiang X, Yu W. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Accelerates the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Resisting Neuronal Pyroptosis with Nrf2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:358. [PMID: 38203528 PMCID: PMC10779011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to delve into the potential of Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) in ameliorating neuronal damage induced by acute spinal cord injury, as well as to unravel the intricate underlying mechanisms. A cohort of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats was meticulously categorized into four groups. Following a seven-day oral administration of AKBA, damaged spinal cord samples were meticulously procured for Nissl staining and electron microscopy to assess neuronal demise. Employing ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the modulatory effects of AKBA within the context of spinal cord injury were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, employing an ex vivo extraction of spinal cord neurons, an ATP + LPS-induced pyroptotic injury model was established. The model was subsequently subjected to Nrf2 inhibition, followed by a battery of assessments involving ELISA, DCFH-DA staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and WB to decipher the effects of AKBA on the spinal cord neuron pyroptosis model. By engaging the Nrf2-ROS-NLRP3 pathway, AKBA exerted a repressive influence on the expression of the pyroptotic initiator protein Caspase-1, thereby mitigating the release of GSDMD and alleviating pyroptosis. Additionally, AKBA demonstrated the ability to attenuate the release of IL-18 and IL-1β, curbing neuronal loss and expediting the restorative processes within the context of spinal cord injury. Our study elucidates that AKBA can reduce spinal cord neuronal apoptosis, providing a basis for the development of AKBA as a clinical treatment for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Zongliang Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xinyue Qi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Jing Y, Yang D, Bai F, Wang Q, Zhang C, Yan Y, Li Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Li J, Yu Y. Spinal cord injury-induced gut dysbiosis influences neurological recovery partly through short-chain fatty acids. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:99. [PMID: 38092763 PMCID: PMC10719379 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can reshape gut microbial composition, significantly affecting clinical outcomes in SCI patients. However, mechanisms regarding gut-brain interactions and their clinical implications have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal microbial bioactive metabolites, may significantly affect the gut-brain axis and enhance functional recovery in a mouse model of SCI. We enrolled 59 SCI patients and 27 healthy control subjects and collected samples. Thereafter, gut microbiota and SCFAs were analyzed using 16 S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. We observed an increase in Actinobacteriota abundance and a decrease in Firmicutes abundance. Particularly, the SCFA-producing genera, such as Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Agathobacter were significantly downregulated among SCI patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, SCI induced downregulation of acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) in the SCI group. Fecal SCFA contents were altered in SCI patients with different injury course and injury segments. Main SCFAs (AA, BA, and PA) were administered in combination to treat SCI mice. SCFA supplementation significantly improved locomotor recovery in SCI mice, enhanced neuronal survival, promoted axonal formation, reduced astrogliosis, and suppressed microglial activation. Furthermore, SCFA supplementation downregulated NF-κB signaling while upregulating neurotrophin-3 expression following SCI. Microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis showed that SCI patients exhibited a lower level of certain SCFAs and related bacterial strains than healthy controls. SCFA supplementation can reduce inflammation and enhance nourishing elements, facilitating the restoration of neurological tissues and the improvement of functional recuperation. Trial registration: This study was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) on February 13, 2017 (ChiCTR-RPC-17010621).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shangdong, 276034, China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Yan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
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8
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Hu S, Gao K, Jiao Y, Yuan Z. Glycolysis characteristics of intracellular polysaccharides from Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) sacc. Chaidam and its effects on intestinal flora from different altitudes of mice in vitro fermentation. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113382. [PMID: 37803720 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycolysis characteristics and effects on intestinal flora of polysaccharides from Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam (ABIPs) in vitro fermentation by different altitudes of mice feces was examined, including low, medium, and high altitudes groups (LG, MG, and HG). In vitro, fermentation of ABIPs forty-eight hours resulted in a remarkable decrease in total sugar content and improvement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which simultaneously induced the composition of monose and uronic acids and SCFAs continuously change. Besides, ABIPs influenced the abundance and composition of the intestinal flora, generally increasing the abundance of probiotic bacteria (such as Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium) and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Phenylobacterium and Streptococcus) in all groups, with the highland biology core genus Blautia significantly enriched in LG and MG groups. It was also found that ABIPs enhanced pathways associated with biosynthesis and metabolism. In addition, correlation analysis speculated that the metabolism of SCFAs by ABIPs may be associated with genera such as Anaerostipes, Roseburia, and Weissella. ABIPs may protect organismal health by regulating hypoxic intestinal flora composition and metabolic function, and more superior fermentation performance was observed in MG compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Hu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Ke Gao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Yingchun Jiao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China.
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9
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Deng J, Han Y, Lu S, Zhang Q, Luo ZQ, Xiong K. Integration of Theory and Practice in Medical Morphology Curriculum in Postgraduate Training: A Flipped Classroom and Case-based Learning Exercise. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:741-748. [PMID: 37455278 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The integration of training in theory and practice across the medical education spectrum is being encouraged to increase student understanding and skills in the sciences. This study aimed to determine the deciding factors that drive students' perceived advantages in class to improve precision education and the teaching model. METHODS A mixed strategy of an existing flipped classroom (FC) and a case-based learning (CBL) model was conducted in a medical morphology curriculum for 575 postgraduate students. The subjective learning evaluation of the individuals (learning time, engagement, study interest and concentration, and professional integration) was collected and analyzed after FC-CBL model learning. RESULTS The results from the general evaluation showed promising results of the medical morphology in the FC-CBL model. Students felt more engaged by instructors in person and benefited in terms of time-saving, flexible arrangements, and professional improvement. Our study contributed to the FC-CBL model in Research Design in postgraduate training in 4 categories: 1) advancing a guideline of precision teaching according to individual characteristics; 2) revealing whether a learning background is needed for a Research Design course to guide setting up a preliminary course; 3) understanding the perceived advantages and their interfaces; and 4) barriers and/or improvement to implement the FC-CBL model in the Research Design class, such as a richer description of e-learning and hands-on practice. CONCLUSION Undertaking a FC-CBL combined model could be a useful addition to pedagogy for medical morphology learning in postgraduate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 02 Class, 18 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 016000, China.
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10
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Catumbela CSG, Giridharan VV, Barichello T, Morales R. Clinical evidence of human pathogens implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology and the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobials: an overview. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 37496074 PMCID: PMC10369764 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A wealth of pre-clinical reports and data derived from human subjects and brain autopsies suggest that microbial infections are relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This has inspired the hypothesis that microbial infections increase the risk or even trigger the onset of AD. Multiple models have been developed to explain the increase in pathogenic microbes in AD patients. Although this hypothesis is well accepted in the field, it is not yet clear whether microbial neuroinvasion is a cause of AD or a consequence of the pathological changes experienced by the demented brain. Along the same line, the gut microbiome has also been proposed as a modulator of AD. In this review, we focus on human-based evidence demonstrating the elevated abundance of microbes and microbe-derived molecules in AD hosts as well as their interactions with AD hallmarks. Further, the direct-purpose and potential off-target effects underpinning the efficacy of anti-microbial treatments in AD are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso S G Catumbela
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, 8370993, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Mázala-de-Oliveira T, Jannini de Sá YAP, Carvalho VDF. Impact of gut-peripheral nervous system axis on the development of diabetic neuropathy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220197. [PMID: 36946851 PMCID: PMC10027071 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a reduction in the production and/or action of insulin, with consequent development of hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients, especially those who develop neuropathy, presented dysbiosis, with an increase in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the butyrate-producing bacteria. Due to this dysbiosis, diabetic patients presented a weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier and high bacterial product translocation to the bloodstream, in parallel to a high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. In this context, we propose here that dysbiosis-induced increased systemic levels of bacterial products, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, by Schwann cells and spinal cord of diabetics, being crucial for the development of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- + Corresponding author:
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12
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Filippone A, Casili G, Scuderi SA, Mannino D, Lanza M, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Capra AP, Colarossi C, Bonasera A, Lombardo SP, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Sodium Propionate Contributes to Tumor Cell Growth Inhibition through PPAR-γ Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010217. [PMID: 36612214 PMCID: PMC9818202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has a potent antiproliferative effect on various tumor cell types. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands possess anticancer properties. We aimed to investigate the PPAR-γ/SCFAs interaction in in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. The U87 cell line was used in the in vitro study and was treated with sodium propionate (SP). U87 cells were silenced by using PPAR-γ siRNA or Ctr siRNA. In the in vivo study, BALB/c nude mice were inoculated in the right flank with 3 × 106 U-87 cells. SP (doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg) and GW9662 (1 mg/kg) were administered. In vitro exposure of GBM to SP resulted in prominent apoptosis activation while the autophagy pathway was promoted by SP treatments by influencing autophagy-related proteins. Knockdown of PPAR-γ sensitized GBM cells and blocked the SP effect. In vivo, SP was able to decrease tumor growth and to resolve GBM tissue features. SP promoted apoptosis and autophagy pathways and tumor cell proliferation leading to cell cycle arrest through a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism suggesting that the PPAR-γ/SCFAs axis could be targeted for the management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo, 7-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bonasera
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo, 7-95029 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D׳Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
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13
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Filippone A, Scuderi SA, Basilotta R, Lanza M, Casili G, Bova V, Paterniti I, Esposito E. BAY-117082-driven NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition resolves nitro-glycerine (NTG) neuronal damage in in vivo model of migraine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Trehalose-Carnosine Prevents the Effects of Spinal Cord Injury Through Regulating Acute Inflammation and Zinc(II) Ion Homeostasis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1637-1659. [PMID: 36121569 PMCID: PMC10079760 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to long-term and permanent motor dysfunctions, and nervous system abnormalities. Injury to the spinal cord triggers a signaling cascade that results in activation of the inflammatory cascade, apoptosis, and Zn(II) ion homeostasis. Trehalose (Tre), a nonreducing disaccharide, and L-carnosine (Car), (β-alanyl-L-histidine), one of the endogenous histidine dipeptides have been recognized to suppress early inflammatory effects, oxidative stress and to possess neuroprotective effects. We report on the effects of the conjugation of Tre with Car (Tre-car) in reducing inflammation in in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro study was performed using rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cell line). After 24 h, Tre-car, Car, Tre, and Tre + Car mixture treatments, cells were collected and used to investigate Zn2+ homeostasis. The in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord at the T6-T8 levels. After treatments with Tre, Car and Tre-Car conjugate 1 and 6 h after SCI, spinal cord tissue was collected for analysis. In vitro results demonstrated the ionophore effect and chelating features of L-carnosine and its conjugate. In vivo, the Tre-car conjugate treatment counteracted the activation of the early inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress and apoptosis after SCI. The Tre-car conjugate stimulated neurotrophic factors release, and influenced Zn2+ homeostasis. We demonstrated that Tre-car, Tre and Car treatments improved tissue recovery after SCI. Tre-car decreased proinflammatory, oxidative stress mediators release, upregulated neurotrophic factors and restored Zn2+ homeostasis, suggesting that Tre-car may represent a promising therapeutic agent for counteracting the consequences of SCI.
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15
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Filippone A, Mannino D, Cucinotta L, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Campolo M. LRRK2 Inhibition by PF06447475 Antagonist Modulates Early Neuronal Damage after Spinal Cord Trauma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091634. [PMID: 36139708 PMCID: PMC9495377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event followed by neurodegeneration, activation of the inflammatory cascade, and immune system. The leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), moreover, its kinase activity was found to be upregulated after instigated inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we aimed to investigate the PF06447475 (abbreviated as PF-475) role as a pharmacological LRRK2 antagonist by counteracting pathological consequences of spinal cord trauma. The in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord, then mice were treated with PF0-475 (2.5–5 and 10 mg/kg i.p) 1 and 6 h after SCI. We found that PF-475 treatments at the higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) showed a great ability to significantly reduce the degree of spinal cord tissue injury, glycogen accumulation, and demyelination of neurons associated with trauma. Furthermore, oxidative stress and cytokines expression levels, including interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and 12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), secreted and released after trauma were decreased by LRRK2 antagonist treatments. Our results suggest that the correlations between LRRK2 and inflammation of the CNS exist and that LRRK2 activity targeting could have direct effects on the intervention of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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16
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He N, Shen G, Jin X, Li H, Wang J, Xu L, Chen J, Cao X, Fu C, Shi D, Song X, Liu S, Li Y, Zhao T, Li J, Zhong J, Shen Y, Zheng M, Chen YY, Wang LL. Resveratrol suppressed microglia activation and promoted functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord via improving intestinal microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Ulva pertusa, a Marine Green Alga, Attenuates DNBS-Induced Colitis Damage via NF-κB/Nrf2/SIRT1 Signaling Pathways. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154301. [PMID: 35893393 PMCID: PMC9331369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) represent gastrointestinal (GI) disorders associated with varied responses to microbial and environmental agents. Natural compounds have been suggested as a valid approach to the management of various GI diseases, particularly the green alga Ulva pertusa, belonging to the Ulvaceae family, which showed powerful biological properties. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect and the mechanism of Ulva pertusa treatments in a murine model of DNBS-induced colitis. Colitis was induced by DNBS intrarectal installation (4 mg in 100 μL of 50% ethanol), while Ulva pertusa treatments (doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally daily. Ulva pertusa, at the higher doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, significantly reduced tissue damage DNBS-induced and the consequent inflammatory cascade via NF-κB inhibition. Furthermore, we demonstrated, for the first time, Ulva pertusa action on the SIRT1/Nrf2 axis, enhancing antioxidant response and the modulation of the apoptosis pathway colitis-induced, regulating the expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspases. Taken together, Ulva pertusa could be considered a valid approach for counteracting and blocking the progression of IBDs through modulation of the NF-κB/SIRT1/Nrf2 axis.
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18
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Hamilton AM, Sampson TR. Traumatic spinal cord injury and the contributions of the post-injury microbiome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:251-290. [PMID: 36427958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are an enormous burden on injured individuals and their caregivers. The pathophysiological effects of injury are not limited to the spine and limb function, but affect numerous body systems. Growing observations in human studies and experimental models suggest that the gut microbiome is altered following spinal cord injury. Given the importance of signals derived from the gut microbiome for host physiology, it is possible that injury-triggered dysbiosis subsequently affects aspects of recovery. Here, we review emerging literature on the role of the microbiome following spinal cord injury. Specifically, we highlight findings from both human and experimental studies that correlate taxonomic changes to aspects of injury recovery. Examination of both observational and emerging interventional studies supports the notion that future therapeutic avenues for spinal cord injury pathologies may lie at the interface of the host and indigenous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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19
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Supplementation with SCFAs Re-Establishes Microbiota Composition and Attenuates Hyperalgesia and Pain in a Mouse Model of NTG-Induced Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094847. [PMID: 35563235 PMCID: PMC9100093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common brain-disorder that affects 15% of the population. Converging evidence shows that migraine is associated with gastrointestinal disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the gut and brain in patients with migraine are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the role of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as sodium propionate (SP) and sodium butyrate (SB) on microbiota profile and intestinal permeability in a mouse model of migraine induced by nitroglycerine (NTG). The mice were orally administered SB and SP at the dose of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, 5 min after NTG intraperitoneal injections. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate migraine-like pain. Histological and molecular analyses were performed on the intestine. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was extracted from frozen fecal samples and sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq System. Our results demonstrated that the SP and SB treatments attenuated hyperalgesia and pain following NTG injection. Moreover, SP and SB reduced histological damage in the intestine and restored intestinal permeability and the intestinal microbiota profile. These results provide corroborating evidence that SB and SP exert a protective effect on central sensitization induced by NTG through a modulation of intestinal microbiota, suggesting the potential application of SCFAs as novel supportive therapies for intestinal disfunction associated with migraine.
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20
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Lobenwein D, Huber R, Kerbler L, Gratl A, Wipper S, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Holfeld J. Neuronal Pre- and Postconditioning via Toll-like Receptor 3 Agonist or Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as New Treatment Strategies for Spinal Cord Ischemia: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082115. [PMID: 35456206 PMCID: PMC9027844 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a devastating and unpredictable complication of thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Postischemic Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation through either direct agonists or shock wave therapy (SWT) has been previously shown to ameliorate damage in SCI models. Whether the same applies for pre- or postconditioning remains unclear. In a model of cultured SHSY-5Y cells, preconditioning with either poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist, or SWT was performed before induction of hypoxia, whereas postconditioning treatment was performed after termination of hypoxia. We measured cytokine expression via RT-PCR and utilized Western blot analysis for the analysis of signaling and apoptosis. TLR3 activation via poly(I:C) significantly reduced apoptotic markers in both pre- and postconditioning, the former yielding more favorable results through an additional suppression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling. On the contrary, SWT showed slightly more favorable effects in the setting of postconditioning with significantly reduced markers of apoptosis. Pre- and post-ischemic direct TLR3 activation as well as post-ischemic SWT can decrease apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine expression significantly in vitro and might therefore pose possible new treatment strategies for ischemic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lobenwein
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.G.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosalie Huber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.H.); (C.G.-T.); (J.H.)
| | - Lars Kerbler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Alexandra Gratl
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.G.); (S.W.)
| | - Sabine Wipper
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.G.); (S.W.)
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.H.); (C.G.-T.); (J.H.)
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.H.); (C.G.-T.); (J.H.)
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21
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Panisi C, Marini M. Dynamic and Systemic Perspective in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Change of Gaze in Research Opens to A New Landscape of Needs and Solutions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 35204013 PMCID: PMC8870276 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step for a harmonious bio-psycho-social framework in approaching autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is overcoming the conflict between the biological and the psychosocial perspective. Biological research can provide clues for a correct approach to clinical practice, assuming that it would lead to the conceptualization of a pathogenetic paradigm able to account for epidemiologic and clinical findings. The upward trajectory in ASD prevalence and the systemic involvement of other organs besides the brain suggest that the epigenetic paradigm is the most plausible one. The embryo-fetal period is the crucial window of opportunity for keeping neurodevelopment on the right tracks, suggesting that women's health in pregnancy should be a priority. Maladaptive molecular pathways beginning in utero, in particular, a vicious circle between the immune response, oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysbiosis-impact neurodevelopment and brain functioning across the lifespan and are the basis for progressive multisystemic disorders that account for the substantial health loss and the increased mortality in ASD. Therefore, the biological complexity of ASD and its implications for health requires the enhancement of clinical skills on these topics, to achieve an effective multi-disciplinary healthcare model. Well-balanced training courses could be a promising starting point to make a change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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22
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Bayazid AB, Kim JG, Azam S, Jeong SA, Kim DH, Park CW, Lim BO. Sodium butyrate ameliorates neurotoxicity and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in high fat diet-fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112743. [PMID: 34890760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of high-fat diet consumption-related disorders is increasing, and it is often associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation in the brain may lead to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Our study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on HFD-fed mice. In this study, four-week-old male C57Bl/6NTac mice were divided into three groups; the control group, the HFD group, and the HFD + NaB group where mice received 11 mg/kg body weight of NaB with HFD. Western blotting, reverse transcription-PCR, and ELISA were used for biochemical analysis of brain specimens. We found that NaB restored bodyweight and attenuated P-53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and caspase cascades in the brains of HFD-fed mice. In addition. NaB reduced the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and positively modulated antioxidant biomarkers. NaB treatment upregulated the expression of the growth factor-related factors PPARγ, CREB, and BDNF in the brain tissues of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, we found that NaB significantly ameliorated glucocorticoid receptor and NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Based on our findings, NaB suppressed apoptotic and inflammatory cytokines and enhanced the expression of endogenous antioxidants in brain tissues of HFD-fed mice. Our data strongly suggests that NaB could be utilized as an effective therapeutic agent for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Borhan Bayazid
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
| | - Jae Gon Kim
- BK21 FOUR, GLOCAL Education Program for Nutraceutical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Soo Ah Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Chae Won Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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Wu Z, Wang Z, Xie Z, Zhu H, Li C, Xie S, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Li M. Glycyrrhizic Acid Attenuates the Inflammatory Response After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Through the p38/Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway. World Neurosurg 2021; 158:e856-e864. [PMID: 34838764 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an important secondary aggravating factor in spinal cord injury (SCI). Inhibition of the inflammatory response is critical for SCI treatment. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is an anti-inflammatory drug, but its utility for SCI is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GA on inflammation after SCI and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assays were performed to assess the viability of highly aggressively proliferating immortalized cells that had been treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or GA. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to assess expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and inflammatory factors in vitro and in vivo. GA (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats. Anti-inflammatory effects of GA were analyzed in SCI tissues. p38/Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Cell counting kit-8 assay results showed that treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 12 hours was optimal. After LPS treatment, highly aggressively proliferating immortalized cells were activated; messenger RNA expression levels of HMGB1 and inflammatory factors were increased. GA significantly inhibited LPS-induced HMGB1 expression and inflammatory responses, as determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Transfection with an HMGB1-overexpression plasmid reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of GA. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of GA (100 mg/kg) into rats for 3 days significantly reduced expression levels of HMGB1 and inflammatory factors after SCI in vivo. GA reduced phosphorylation, but not levels, of p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase proteins. CONCLUSIONS GA attenuates the inflammatory response after SCI by inhibiting HMGB1 through the p38/JNK signaling pathway and thus has therapeutic potential for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengcai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shenke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Casili G, Ardizzone A, Basilotta R, Lanza M, Filippone A, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Campolo M. The Protective Role of Prolyl Oligopeptidase (POP) Inhibition in Kidney Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11886. [PMID: 34769337 PMCID: PMC8584363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process characterized by blood circulation disorder caused by various factors, such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, and thrombus. Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. The kidney is a highly perfused organ, sensitive to ischemia and reperfusion injury, and the incidence of renal IRI has high morbidity and mortality. Several studies showed that infiltration of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, and angiogenesis are important mechanisms involved in renal IRI. Despite advances in research, effective therapies for renal IRI are lacking. Recently it has been demonstrated the role of KYP2047, a selective inhibitor of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), in the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Thus, this research focused on the role of POP in kidney ischemia/reperfusion (KI/R). An in vivo model of KI/R was performed and mice were subjected to KYP2047 treatment (intraperitoneal, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg). Histological analysis, Masson's trichrome and periodic acid shift (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical and Western blots analysis, real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and ELISA were performed on kidney samples. Moreover, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were quantified. POP-inhibition by KYP2047 treatment, only at the doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg, significantly reduced renal injury and collagen amount, regulated inflammation through canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway, and restored renal function. Moreover, KYP2047 modulated angiogenesis markers, such as TGF-β and VEGF, also slowing down apoptosis. Interestingly, treatment with KYP2047 modulated PP2A activity. Thus, these findings clarified the role of POP inhibition in AKI, also offering novel therapeutic target for renal injury after KI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.); (R.B.); (M.L.); (A.F.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
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25
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Majchrzak-Celińska A, Kleszcz R, Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Sodium Butyrate Enhances Curcuminoids Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier, Restores Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Antagonists Gene Expression and Reduces the Viability of Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011285. [PMID: 34681943 PMCID: PMC8540692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive brain tumor awaiting novel, efficient, and minimally toxic treatment. Curcuminoids (CCM), polyphenols from Curcuma longa, and sodium butyrate (NaBu), a histone deacetylase inhibitor naturally occurring in the human body, await elucidation as potential anti-GBM agents. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze CCM and NaBu both separately and as a combination treatment using three GBM cell lines. MTT was used for cytotoxicity evaluation, and the combination index was calculated for synergism prediction. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were analyzed using flow cytometry. DNA methylation was verified by MS-HRM and mRNA expression by qPCR. The permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and through the nasal cavity was evaluated using PAMPA model. The results of this study indicate that CCM and NaBu synergistically reduce the viability of GBM cells inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These effects are mediated via ROS generation and changes in gene expression, including upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonists, SFRP1, and RUNX3, and downregulation of UHRF1, the key epigenetic regulator. Moreover, NaBu ameliorated CCM permeability through the BBB and the nasal cavity. We conclude that CCM and NaBu are promising agents with anti-GBM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618546625
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (J.C.-P.)
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SCFA Treatment Alleviates Pathological Signs of Migraine and Related Intestinal Alterations in a Mouse Model of NTG-Induced Migraine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102756. [PMID: 34685736 PMCID: PMC8535085 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a growing realization that the gut–brain axis signaling is critical for maintaining the health and homeostasis of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the intestinal environment. The role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), such as Sodium Propionate (SP) and Sodium Butyrate (SB), has been reported to counteract inflammation activation in the central and Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Methods: In this study, we evaluated the role of the SCFAs in regulating the pathophysiology of migraine and correlated dysregulations in the gut environment in a mouse model of Nitroglycerine (NTG)-induced migraine. Results: We showed that, following behavioral tests evaluating pain and photophobia, the SP and SB treatments attenuated pain attacks provoked by NTG. Moreover, treatments with both SCFAs reduced histological damage in the trigeminal nerve nucleus and decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Ileum evaluation following NTG injection reported that SCFA treatments importantly restored intestinal mucosa alterations, as well as the release of neurotransmitters in the ENS. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence that SCFAs exert powerful effects, preventing inflammation through the gut–brain axis, suggesting a new insight into the potential application of SCFAs as novel supportive therapies for migraine and correlated intestinal alterations.
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27
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Saito ER, Miller JB, Harari O, Cruchaga C, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Kauwe JSK, Bikman BT. Alzheimer's disease alters oligodendrocytic glycolytic and ketolytic gene expression. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1474-1486. [PMID: 33650792 PMCID: PMC8410881 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly correlated with impaired brain glucose metabolism, which may affect AD onset and progression. Ketolysis has been suggested as an alternative pathway to fuel the brain. METHODS RNA-seq profiles of post mortem AD brains were used to determine whether dysfunctional AD brain metabolism can be determined by impairments in glycolytic and ketolytic gene expression. Data were obtained from the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (62 cases; 13 controls), Mount Sinai Brain Bank (110 cases; 44 controls), and the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank (80 cases; 76 controls), and were normalized to cell type: astrocytes, microglia, neurons, oligodendrocytes. RESULTS In oligodendrocytes, both glycolytic and ketolytic pathways were significantly impaired in AD brains. Ketolytic gene expression was not significantly altered in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. DISCUSSION Oligodendrocytes may contribute to brain hypometabolism observed in AD. These results are suggestive of a potential link between hypometabolism and dysmyelination in disease physiology. Additionally, ketones may be therapeutic in AD due to their ability to fuel neurons despite impaired glycolytic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R. Saito
- Department of Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | | | - Oscar Harari
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Hope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NeuroGenomics and InformaticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kathie A. Mihindukulasuriya
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems BiologyPathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
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28
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Bayazid AB, Jang YA, Kim YM, Kim JG, Lim BO. Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Butyrate through Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Modulating Antioxidant Enzymes. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2348-2358. [PMID: 34106394 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of effective therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) remains challenging. Neurotoxicity, inflammations, and oxidative stress are associating factors of NDDs. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid found in diet and produced in the gut that reportedly protects cancer, inflammation, obesity and so on. Previously, SH-SY5Y cells were studied as in vitro models of cerebral diseases. We have investigated the neuroprotective effects of NaB in SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with TNF-α. The expression of inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, COX-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the apoptotic regulators, including P-53, Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) Protein, and caspase-3 were analyzed by western blot analysis. The anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic gene BAX translocation were also investigated. Our results showed that NaB attenuated cell death and inhibited the NO production and decreased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in TNF-α-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. NaB notably ameliorated apoptotic regulatory proteins p-53, Caspase-3 and caspase-1 level, and reversed phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p-38 proteins. NaB ameliorated Glucocorticoid receptor and NLRP3 inflammasome expressions. NaB also suppressed the BAX nuclear translocation and modulated Nrf-2, HO-1 and MnSOD expression in neuroblastoma cells. In addition, NaB substantially reversed the reactive oxygen species in H2O2 induced SH-SY5Y cells. Altogether, our results suggest that sodium butyrate has potential therapeutic effects against NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Borhan Bayazid
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Korea
| | - Young Ah Jang
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Healthcare, R&DB Foundation of Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Bio-Nano Technology Co, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Gon Kim
- BK21 FOUR, GLOCAL Education Program for Nutraceutical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Korea.
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29
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Ojeda J, Ávila A, Vidal PM. Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1299. [PMID: 33801153 PMCID: PMC8004117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis. Moreover, current research has helped to elucidate different communication pathways between the gut microbiota and neural tissues (e.g., the vagus nerve, tryptophan production, extrinsic enteric-associated neurons, and short chain fatty acids). On the other hand, altering the composition of gut microbiota promotes a state known as dysbiosis, where the balance between helpful and pathogenic bacteria is disrupted, usually stimulating the last ones. Herein, we summarize selected findings of the recent literature concerning the gut microbiome on the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders, and the strategies to modulate its composition in the search for therapeutical approaches, focusing mainly on animal models studies. Readers are advised that this is a young field, based on early studies, that is rapidly growing and being updated as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ojeda
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Ariel Ávila
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Pía M. Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
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30
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Jing Y, Yu Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Zhang C, Qin C, Yang M, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Li J, Chen Z. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurological restoration in a spinal cord injury mouse model: involvement of brain-gut axis. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 33678185 PMCID: PMC7937282 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients display disruption of gut microbiome, and gut dysbiosis exacerbate neurological impairment in SCI models. Cumulative data support an important role of gut microbiome in SCI. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy uninjured mice into SCI mice may exert a neuroprotective effect. RESULTS FMT facilitated functional recovery, promoted neuronal axonal regeneration, improved animal weight gain and metabolic profiling, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and GI motility in SCI mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed that levels of phylum Firmicutes, family Christensenellaceae, and genus Butyricimonas were reduced in fecal samples of SCI mice, and FMT remarkably reshaped gut microbiome. Also, FMT-treated SCI mice showed increased amount of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which correlated with alteration of intestinal permeability and locomotor recovery. Furthermore, FMT downregulated IL-1β/NF-κB signaling in spinal cord and NF-κB signaling in gut following SCI. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that reprogramming of gut microbiota by FMT improves locomotor and GI functions in SCI mice, possibly through the anti-inflammatory functions of SCFAs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Panisi C, Guerini FR, Abruzzo PM, Balzola F, Biava PM, Bolotta A, Brunero M, Burgio E, Chiara A, Clerici M, Croce L, Ferreri C, Giovannini N, Ghezzo A, Grossi E, Keller R, Manzotti A, Marini M, Migliore L, Moderato L, Moscone D, Mussap M, Parmeggiani A, Pasin V, Perotti M, Piras C, Saresella M, Stoccoro A, Toso T, Vacca RA, Vagni D, Vendemmia S, Villa L, Politi P, Fanos V. Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Womb to Adulthood: Suggestions for a Paradigm Shift. J Pers Med 2021; 11:70. [PMID: 33504019 PMCID: PMC7912683 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide spectrum of unique needs and strengths of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a challenge for the worldwide healthcare system. With the plethora of information from research, a common thread is required to conceptualize an exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm. The epidemiological and clinical findings in ASD cannot be explained by the traditional linear genetic model, hence the need to move towards a more fluid conception, integrating genetics, environment, and epigenetics as a whole. The embryo-fetal period and the first two years of life (the so-called 'First 1000 Days') are the crucial time window for neurodevelopment. In particular, the interplay and the vicious loop between immune activation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial impairment/oxidative stress significantly affects neurodevelopment during pregnancy and undermines the health of ASD people throughout life. Consequently, the most effective intervention in ASD is expected by primary prevention aimed at pregnancy and at early control of the main effector molecular pathways. We will reason here on a comprehensive and exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm in ASD, viewed not just as a theoretical issue, but as a tool to provide suggestions for effective preventive strategies and personalized, dynamic (from womb to adulthood), systemic, and interdisciplinary healthcare approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Federico Balzola
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bolotta
- DIMES, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.A.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Brunero
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- ECERI—European Cancer and Environment Research Institute, Square de Meeus 38-40, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Alberto Chiara
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile ASST, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Croce
- Centro Domino per l’Autismo, Universita’ Cattolica Brescia, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Niccolò Giovannini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- DIMES, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.A.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Autism Research Unit, Villa Santa Maria Foundation, 22038 Tavernerio, Italy;
| | - Roberto Keller
- Adult Autism Centre DSM ASL Città di Torino, 10138 Turin, Italy;
| | - Andrea Manzotti
- RAISE Lab, Foundation COME Collaboration, 65121 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Marina Marini
- DIMES, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.A.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Medical Genetics Laboratories, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Lucio Moderato
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Moscone
- Associazione Spazio Asperger ONLUS, Centro Clinico CuoreMenteLab, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Mussap
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Antonia Parmeggiani
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS ISNB, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Pasin
- Milan Institute for health Care and Advanced Learning, 20124 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Marina Saresella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Medical Genetics Laboratories, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiziana Toso
- Unione Italiana Lotta alla Distrofia Muscolare UILDM, 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - David Vagni
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy, 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Laura Villa
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (V.F.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Liu P, Wang Y, Yang G, Zhang Q, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. The role of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal barrier function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105420. [PMID: 33434620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are metabolites produced during the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the intestinal tract. They are believed to be essential factors affecting host health. Most in vitro and ex vivo studies have shown that SCFAs affect the regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, intestinal barrier function, and oxidative stress, but convincing evidence in humans is still lacking. Two major SCFA signaling mechanisms have been identified: promotion of histone acetylation and activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. In this review, we introduce the production and metabolic characteristics of SCFAs, summarize the potential effects of SCFAs on the four aspects mentioned above and the possible mechanisms. SCFAs have been reported to exert a wide spectrum of positive effects and have a high potential for therapeutic use in human-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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The Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase as New Target to Counteract Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Findings in a Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120604. [PMID: 33322134 PMCID: PMC7764674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disorder related to functional and morphological abnormalities of the venous system. Inflammatory processes and angiogenesis alterations greatly concur to the onset of varicose vein. KYP-2047 is a selective inhibitor of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), a serine protease involved in the release of pro-angiogenic molecules. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the capacity of KYP-2047 to influence the angiogenic and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CVI. (2) Methods: An in vivo model of CVI-induced by saphene vein ligation (SVL) and a tissue block culture study were performed. Mice were subjected to SVL followed by KYP-2047 treatment (intraperitoneal, 10 mg/kg) for 7 days. Histological analysis, Masson's trichrome, Van Gieson staining, and mast cells evaluation were performed. Release of cytokines, nitric oxide synthase production, TGF-beta, VEGF, α-smooth muscle actin, PREP, Endoglin, and IL-8 quantification were investigated. (3) Results: KYP-2047 treatment ameliorated the histological abnormalities of the venous wall, reduced the collagen increase and modulated elastin content, lowered cytokines levels and prevented mast degranulation. Moreover, a decreased expression of TGF-beta, eNOS, VEGF, α-smooth muscle actin, IL-8, and PREP was observed in in vivo study; also a reduction in VEGF and Endoglin expression was confirmed in tissue block culture study. (4) Conclusions: For the first time, this research, highlighting the importance of POP as new target for vascular disorders, revealed the therapeutic potential of KYP-2047 as a helpful treatment for the management of CVI.
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Casili G, Lanza M, Campolo M, Siracusa R, Paterniti I, Ardizzone A, Scuderi SA, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Synergic Therapeutic Potential of PEA-Um Treatment and NAAA Enzyme Silencing In the Management of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207486. [PMID: 33050589 PMCID: PMC7589809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key element in the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases and sees the involvement of different neuronal and non-neuronal cells as players able to respond to inflammatory signals of immune origin. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous potent anti-inflammatory agent, in which activity is regulated by N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), that hydrolyzes saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides, such as PEA. In this research, an in vitro study was performed on different neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and non-neuronal cell lines (C6, BV-2, and Mo3.13) subjected to NAAA enzyme silencing and treated with PEA ultra-micronized (PEA-um) (1, 3, and 10 μM) to increase the amount of endogenous PEA available for counteract neuroinflammation provoked by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL) and interferon gamma (INF-γ )(100 U/mL). Cell viability was performed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) staining, suggesting a protective effect of PEA-um (3 and 10 μM) on all cell lines studied. Western Blot analysis for inflammatory markers (Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)) was carried out in control and NAAA-silenced cells, highlighting how the concomitant treatment of the neuronal and non-neuronal cells with PEA-um after NAAA genic downregulation is satisfactory to counteract neuroinflammation. These in vitro findings support the protective role of endogenous PEA availability in the neuronal field, bringing interesting information for a translational point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (S.A.S.); (E.E.)
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Koç F, Mills S, Strain C, Ross RP, Stanton C. The public health rationale for increasing dietary fibre: Health benefits with a focus on gut microbiota. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Koç
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Ireland
| | - S. Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - C. Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Ireland
| | - R. P. Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - C. Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Ireland
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Protection of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2058272. [PMID: 32831634 PMCID: PMC7426773 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2058272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the growing evidence of a link between gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and multiple sclerosis (MS), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), aimed at rebuilding GM, has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach to MS treatment. To evaluate the viability of FMT for MS treatment and its impact on MS pathology, we tested FMT in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. We provide evidence that FMT can rectify altered GM to some extent with a therapeutic effect on EAE. We also found that FMT led to reduced activation of microglia and astrocytes and conferred protection on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), myelin, and axons in EAE. Taken together, our data suggest that FMT, as a GM-based therapy, has the potential to be an effective treatment for MS.
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Getachew B, Csoka AB, Bhatti A, Copeland RL, Tizabi Y. Butyrate Protects Against Salsolinol-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells: Implication for Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:596-602. [PMID: 32572814 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is associated with the destruction of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the formation of Lewy bodies in basal ganglia. Risk factors for PD include aging, as well as environmental and genetic factors. Recent converging reports suggest a role for the gut microbiome and epigenetic factors in the onset and/or progression of PD. Of particular relevance and potential therapeutic targets in this regard are histone deacetylases (HDACs), enzymes that are involved in chromatin remodeling. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (FA) produced in the gut and presumably acting via several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including FA3 receptors (FA3Rs), is a well-known HDAC inhibitor that plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the gut-brain axis. Recently, its significance in regulation of some critical brain functions and usefulness in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD has been suggested. In this study we sought to determine whether butyrate may have protective effects against salsolionl (SALS)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. SALS, an endogenous product of aldehyde and dopamine condensation, may be selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons. SH-SY5Y cells, derived from human neuroblastoma cells, are used as a model of these neurons. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells for 24 h to 400 μM SALS resulted in approximately 60% cell death, which was concentration-dependently prevented by butyrate. The effects of butyrate in turn were significantly attenuated by beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), a selective FA3R antagonist. Moreover, a selective FA3R agonist (AR 420626) also provided protective effects against SALS, which was totally blocked by BHB. These findings provide further support that butyrate or an agonist of FA3R may be of therapeutic potential in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amna Bhatti
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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Sodium Butyrate Exacerbates Parkinson's Disease by Aggravating Neuroinflammation and Colonic Inflammation in MPTP-Induced Mice Model. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2128-2142. [PMID: 32556930 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal production of short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) caused by gut microbial dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study sought to evaluate how butyrate, one of SCFAs, affect the pathology in a subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) treated mouse model of PD. Sodium butyrate (NaB; 165 mg/kg/day i.g., 7 days) was administrated from the day after the last MPTP injection. Interestingly, NaB significantly aggravated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction (P < 0.01), decreased dopamine (P < 0.05) and 5-HT (P < 0.05) levels, exacerbated declines of dopaminergic neurons (34%, P < 0.05) and downregulated expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, 47%, P < 0.05), potentiated glia-mediated neuroinflammation by increasing the number of microglia (17%, P < 0.05) and activating astrocytes (28%, P < 0.01). In vitro study also confirmed that NaB could significantly exacerbate pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-1β, 4.11-fold, P < 0.01; IL-18, 3.42-fold, P < 0.01 and iNOS, 2.52-fold, P < 0.05) and NO production (1.55-fold, P < 0.001) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, NaB upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, 3.52-fold, P < 0.05; IL-18, 1.72-fold, P < 0.001) and NLRP3 (3.11-fold, P < 0.001) in the colon of PD mice. However, NaB had no effect on NFκB, MyD88 and TNF-α expression in PD mice. Our results indicate that NaB exacerbates MPTP-induced PD by aggravating neuroinflammation and colonic inflammation independently of the NFκB/MyD88/TNF-α signaling pathway.
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de Lazari MGT, Pereira LX, Orellano LAA, Scheuermann K, Machado CT, Vasconcelos AC, Andrade SP, Campos PP. Sodium Butyrate Downregulates Implant-Induced Inflammation in Mice. Inflammation 2020; 43:1259-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Filippone A, Lanza M, Campolo M, Casili G, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Protective effect of sodium propionate in Aβ 1-42 -induced neurotoxicity and spinal cord trauma. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107977. [PMID: 32004548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium propionate (SP) is one of the main short chain fatty acids (SCFA) that can be produced naturally through host metabolic pathways. SP have been documented and include the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators in an in vivo model of colitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SP in reducing inflammatory process associated to neurological disorders. We performed both in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease, induced by oligomeric Aβ1-42 stimulation, and in in vivo model of spinal cord injury (SCI) in which neuroinflammation plays a crucial role. For in vitro model, the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was first differentiated with retinoic acid (100 μM) for 24 h and then stimulated by oligomeric Aβ1-42 (1 μg/ml) and treated with SP at 0.1- 1-10 μM concentrations for another 24 h. Instead, the in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord at T6-T8 levels, and animals were treated with SP (10-30-100 mg/kg o.s) 1 and 6 h after SCI. Our results demonstrated that both in in vitro neuroinflammatory model and in vivo model of SCI the treatment with SP significantly reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation, as well as decreases COX-2 and iNOS expressions evaluated by Western blot analysis. Moreover, we showed that SP treatment significantly ameliorated histopathology changes and improved motor recovery in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SP possesses neuroprotective effects, suggesting it could represent a target for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - M Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - M Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - G Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - I Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, USA.
| | - E Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ׳Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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Lynch MA. Can the emerging field of immunometabolism provide insights into neuroinflammation? Prog Neurobiol 2019; 184:101719. [PMID: 31704314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years it has become increasingly clear that an understanding of the interaction between metabolism and immune function can provide an insight into cellular responses to challenges. Significant progress has been made in terms of how macrophages are metabolically re-programmed in response to inflammatory stimuli but, to date, little emphasis has been placed on evaluating equivalent changes in microglia. The need to make progress is driven by the fact that, while microglial activation and the cell's ability to adopt an inflammatory phenotype is necessary to fulfil the neuroprotective function of the cell, persistent activation of microglia and the associated neuroinflammation is at the heart of several neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the metabolic changes that accompany microglial responses may broaden our perspective on how dysfunction might arise and be tempered. This review will evaluate the current literature that addresses the interplay between inflammation and metabolic reprogramming in microglia, reflecting on the parallels that exist with macrophages. It will consider the changes that take place with age including those that have been reported in neurons and astrocytes with the development of non-invasive imaging techniques, and reflect on the literature that is currently available relating to metabolic reprogramming of microglia with age and in neurodegeneration. Finally it will consider the possibility that manipulating microglial metabolism may provide a valuable approach to modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Lynch
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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