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Gendron WH, Fertan E, Roddick KM, Wong AA, Maliougina M, Hiani YE, Anini Y, Brown RE. Intranasal insulin treatment ameliorates spatial memory, muscular strength, and frailty deficits in 5xFAD mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114583. [PMID: 38750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model shows age-related weight loss as well as cognitive and motor deficits. Metabolic dysregulation, especially impaired insulin signaling, is also present in AD. This study examined whether intranasal delivery of insulin (INI) at low (0.875 U) or high (1.750 U) doses would ameliorate these deficits compared to saline in 10-month-old female 5xFAD and B6SJL wildtype (WT) mice. INI increased forelimb grip strength in the wire hang test in 5xFAD mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not improve the performance of 5xFAD mice on the balance beam. High INI doses reduced frailty scores in 5xFAD mice and improved spatial memory in both acquisition and reversal probe trials in the Morris water maze. INI increased swim speed in 5xFAD mice but had no effect on object recognition memory or working memory in the spontaneous alternation task, nor did it improve memory in the contextual or cued fear memory tasks. High doses of insulin increased the liver, spleen, and kidney weights and reduced brown adipose tissue weights. P-Akt signaling in the hippocampus was increased by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, INI increased strength, reduced frailty scores, and improved visual spatial memory. Hypoglycemia was not present after INI, however alterations in tissue and organ weights were present. These results are novel and important as they indicate that intra-nasal insulin can reverse cognitive, motor and frailty deficits found in this mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gendron
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle M Roddick
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maria Maliougina
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Younes Anini
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Singh K, Das S, Sutradhar S, Howard J, Ray K. Insulin signaling accelerates the anterograde movement of Rab4 vesicles in axons through Klp98A/KIF16B recruitment via Vps34-PI3Kinase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590898. [PMID: 38895253 PMCID: PMC11185528 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rab4 GTPase organizes endosomal sorting essential for maintaining the balance between recycling and degradative pathways. Rab4 localizes to many cargos whose transport in neurons is critical for regulating neurotransmission and neuronal health. Furthermore, elevated Rab4 levels in the CNS are associated with synaptic atrophy and neurodegeneration in Drosophila and humans, respectively. However, how the transport of Rab4-associated vesicles is regulated in neurons remains unknown. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging of Drosophila larvae, we show that activation of insulin signaling via Dilp2 and dInR increases the anterograde velocity, run length, and flux of Rab4 vesicles in the axons. Molecularly, we show that activation of neuronal insulin signaling further activates Vps34, elevates the levels of PI(3)P on Rab4-associated vesicles, recruits Klp98A (a PI(3)P-binding kinesin-3 motor) and activates their anterograde transport. Together, these observations delineate the role of insulin signaling in regulating axonal transport and synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - 400005, India
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT - 06520, United States
| | - Semanti Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - 400005, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sutradhar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT - 06520, United States
| | - Jonathon Howard
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT - 06520, United States
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - 400005, India
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana – 122051, India
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Mahmoudabad AG, Shadfar S, Mirshahvaladi S, Gupta V, Nguyen CTO, Finkelstein DI, You Y, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1262-1276. [PMID: 37905874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Buchman AS, Yu L, Klein HU, Zammit AR, Oveisgharan S, Nag S, Tickotsky N, Levy H, Seyfried N, Morgenstern D, Levin Y, Schnaider Beeri M, Bennett DA. Glycoproteome-Wide Discovery of Cortical Glycoproteins That May Provide Cognitive Resilience in Older Adults. Neurology 2024; 102:e209223. [PMID: 38502899 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Molecular omics studies have identified proteins related to cognitive resilience but unrelated to Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementia (AD/ADRD) pathologies. Posttranslational modifications of proteins with glycans can modify protein function. In this study, we identified glycopeptiforms associated with cognitive resilience. METHODS We studied brains from adults with annual cognitive testing with postmortem indices of 10 AD/ADRD pathologies and proteome-wide data from dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We quantified 11, 012 glycopeptiforms from DLPFC using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. We used linear mixed-effects models to identify glycopeptiforms associated with cognitive decline correcting for multiple comparisons (p < 5 × 10-6). Then, we regressed out the effect of AD/ADRD pathologies to identify glycopeptiforms that may provide cognitive resilience. RESULTS We studied 366 brains, average age at death 89 years, and 70% female with no cognitive impairment = 152, mild cognitive impairment = 93, and AD = 121 cognitive status at death. In models adjusting for age, sex and education, 11 glycopeptiforms were associated with cognitive decline. In further modeling, 8 of these glycopeptiforms remained associated with cognitive decline after adjusting for AD/ADRD pathologies: NPTX2a (Est., 0.030, SE, 0.005, p = 1 × 10-4); NPTX2b (Est.,0.019, SE, 0.005, p = 2 × 10-4) NECTIN1(Est., 0.029, SE, 0.009, p = 9 × 10-4), NPTX2c (Est., 0.015, SE, 0.004, p = 9 × 10-4), HSPB1 (Est., -0.021, SE, 0.006, p = 2 × 10-4), PLTP (Est., -0.027, SE, 0.009, p = 4.2 × 10-3), NAGK (Est., -0.027, SE, 0.008, p = 1.4 × 10-3), and VAT1 (Est., -0.020, SE, 0.006, p = 1.1 × 10-3). Higher levels of 4 resilience glycopeptiforms derived through glycosylation were associated with slower decline and higher levels of 4 derived through glycation were related to faster decline. Together, these 8 glycopeptiforms accounted for an additional 6% of cognitive decline over the 33% accounted for the 10 brain pathologies and demographics. All 8 resilience glycopeptiforms remained associated with cognitive decline after adjustments for the expression level of their corresponding protein. Exploratory gene ontology suggested that molecular mechanisms of glycopeptiforms associated with cognitive decline may involve metabolic pathways including pyruvate and NADH pathways and highlighted the importance of molecular mechanisms involved in glucose metabolism. DISCUSSION Glycopeptiforms in aging brains may provide cognitive resilience. Targeting these glycopeptiforms may lead to therapies that maintain cognition through resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S Buchman
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Lei Yu
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Andrea R Zammit
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Sukriti Nag
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Nili Tickotsky
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Hila Levy
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Nicholas Seyfried
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - David Morgenstern
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Yishai Levin
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
| | - David A Bennett
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., L.Y., A.R.Z., S.O., S.N., D.A.B.); Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., L.Y., S.O., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology (H.-U.K.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) (S.N.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University (N.T.), Beer Sheva; The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling (H.L., D.M., Y.L.), Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Neurology (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry (N.S.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Neurology (M.S.B.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, NJ
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van Gils V, Rizzo M, Côté J, Viechtbauer W, Fanelli G, Salas-Salvadó J, Wimberley T, Bulló M, Fernandez-Aranda F, Dalsgaard S, Visser PJ, Jansen WJ, Vos SJB. The association of glucose metabolism measures and diabetes status with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers of amyloid and tau: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105604. [PMID: 38423195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Therefore, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation of glucose metabolism measures (glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance indices) and DM status with AD biomarkers of amyloid-β and tau measured by positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid. We selected 37 studies from PubMed and Embase, including 11,694 individuals. More impaired glucose metabolism and DM status were associated with higher tau biomarkers (r=0.11[0.03-0.18], p=0.008; I2=68%), but were not associated with amyloid-β biomarkers (r=-0.06[-0.13-0.01], p=0.08; I2=81%). Meta-regression revealed that glucose metabolism and DM were specifically associated with tau biomarkers in population settings (p=0.001). Furthermore, more impaired glucose metabolism and DM status were associated with lower amyloid-β biomarkers in memory clinic settings (p=0.004), and in studies with a higher prevalence of dementia (p<0.001) or lower cognitive scores (p=0.04). These findings indicate that DM is associated with biomarkers of tau but not with amyloid-β. This knowledge is valuable for improving dementia and DM diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle van Gils
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marianna Rizzo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jade Côté
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, Reus, Spain; CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Theresa Wimberley
- The National Center for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mònica Bulló
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain; Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group (NuMeH). Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Reus 43201, Spain; Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- The National Center for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Lu QS, Ma L, Jiang WJ, Wang XB, Lu M. KAT7/HMGN1 signaling epigenetically induces tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A expression to ameliorate insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:445-455. [PMID: 38617985 PMCID: PMC11008392 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i3.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have revealed a correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Insulin resistance in the brain is a common feature in patients with T2D and AD. KAT7 is a histone acetyltransferase that participates in the modulation of various genes. AIM To determine the effects of KAT7 on insulin patients with AD. METHODS APPswe/PS1-dE9 double-transgenic and db/db mice were used to mimic AD and diabetes, respectively. An in vitro model of AD was established by Aβ stimulation. Insulin resistance was induced by chronic stimulation with high insulin levels. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) was assessed using immunofluorescence. The protein levels of MAP2, Aβ, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1A), IRS-1, p-AKT, total AKT, p-GSK3β, total GSK3β, DYRK1A, and KAT7 were measured via western blotting. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and SOD activity was measured to determine cellular oxidative stress. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay were performed to evaluate neuronal cell death and proliferation, respectively. Relative RNA levels of KAT7 and DYRK1A were examined using quantitative PCR. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to detect H3K14ac in DYRK1A. RESULTS KAT7 expression was suppressed in the AD mice. Overexpression of KAT7 decreased Aβ accumulation and MAP2 expression in AD brains. KAT7 overexpression decreased ROS and MDA levels, elevated SOD activity in brain tissues and neurons, and simultaneously suppressed neuronal apoptosis. KAT7 upregulated levels of p-AKT and p-GSK3β to alleviate insulin resistance, along with elevated expression of DYRK1A. KAT7 depletion suppressed DYRK1A expression and impaired H3K14ac of DYRK1A. HMGN1 overexpression recovered DYRK1A levels and reversed insulin resistance caused by KAT7 depletion. CONCLUSION We determined that KAT7 overexpression recovered insulin sensitivity in AD by recruiting HMGN1 to enhance DYRK1A acetylation. Our findings suggest that KAT7 is a novel and promising therapeutic target for the resistance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Shan Lu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xing-Bang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Fanelli G, Franke B, Fabbri C, Werme J, Erdogan I, De Witte W, Poelmans G, Ruisch IH, Reus LM, van Gils V, Jansen WJ, Vos SJ, Alam KA, Martinez A, Haavik J, Wimberley T, Dalsgaard S, Fóthi Á, Barta C, Fernandez-Aranda F, Jimenez-Murcia S, Berkel S, Matura S, Salas-Salvadó J, Arenella M, Serretti A, Mota NR, Bralten J. Local patterns of genetic sharing challenge the boundaries between neuropsychiatric and insulin resistance-related conditions. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.07.24303921. [PMID: 38496672 PMCID: PMC10942494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.24303921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of insulin resistance (IR)-related metabolic conditions with neuropsychiatric disorders is a complex public health challenge. Evidence of the genetic links between these phenotypes is emerging, but little is currently known about the genomic regions and biological functions that are involved. To address this, we performed Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) using large-scale (N=9,725-933,970) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) results for three IR-related conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome) and nine neuropsychiatric disorders. Subsequently, positional and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)-based gene mapping and downstream functional genomic analyses were performed on the significant loci. Patterns of negative and positive local genetic correlations (|rg|=0.21-1, pFDR<0.05) were identified at 109 unique genomic regions across all phenotype pairs. Local correlations emerged even in the absence of global genetic correlations between IR-related conditions and Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, and Tourette's syndrome. Genes mapped to the correlated regions showed enrichment in biological pathways integral to immune-inflammatory function, vesicle trafficking, insulin signalling, oxygen transport, and lipid metabolism. Colocalisation analyses further prioritised 10 genetically correlated regions for likely harbouring shared causal variants, displaying high deleterious or regulatory potential. These variants were found within or in close proximity to genes, such as SLC39A8 and HLA-DRB1, that can be targeted by supplements and already known drugs, including omega-3/6 fatty acids, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering drugs. Overall, our findings underscore the complex genetic landscape of IR-neuropsychiatric multimorbidity, advocating for an integrated disease model and offering novel insights for research and treatment strategies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanelli
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Josefin Werme
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Izel Erdogan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I. Hyun Ruisch
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Maria Reus
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Veerle van Gils
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J.B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson’s Disease, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Theresa Wimberley
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Glostrup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Barta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jimenez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychological Services, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Berkel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and biotechnology Department, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Martina Arenella
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | | | - Nina Roth Mota
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Liu X, Jin Y, Cheng X, Song Q, Wang Y, He L, Chen T. The relevance between abnormally elevated serum ceramide and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease model mice and its mechanism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:525-542. [PMID: 38277004 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The plasma ceramide levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are found abnormally elevated, which is related to cognitive decline. OBJECTIVES This research was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of aberrant elevated ceramides in the pathogenesis of AD. RESULTS The ICR mice intracerebroventricularly injected with Aβ1-42 and APP/PS1 transgenic mice were employed as AD mice. The cognitive deficiency, impaired episodic and spatial memory were observed without altered spontaneous ability. The serum levels of p-tau and ceramide were evidently elevated. The modified expressions and activities of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) influenced the serum content of p-tau. The levels of ceramide synthesis-related genes including sptlc1, sptlc2, cers2, and cers6 in the liver of AD mice were increased, while the ceramide degradation-related gene asah2 did not significantly change. The regulations of these genes were conducted by activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. NF-κB, promoted by free fatty acid (FFA), also increased the hepatic concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. The FFA amount was modulated by fatty acid synthesis-related genes acc1 and srebp-1c. Besides, the decreased levels of pre-proopiomelanocortin (pomc) mRNA and increased agouti-related protein (agrp) mRNA were found in the hypothalamus without significant alteration of melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) mRNA. The bioinformatic analyses proved the results using GEO datasets and AlzData. CONCLUSIONS Ceramide was positively related to the increased p-tau and impaired cognitive function. The increased generation of ceramide and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus was positively related to fatty acid synthesis and NF-κB signaling via brain-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongzeng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Petrović A, Madić V, Stojanović G, Zlatanović I, Zlatković B, Vasiljević P, Đorđević L. Antidiabetic effects of polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea, Cichorium intybus and Potentilla erecta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117032. [PMID: 37582477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea aerial parts and Cichorium intybus roots and Potentilla erecta rhizomes has been used for centuries to treat both the primary and secondary complications of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY As a continuation of our search for the most effective herbal mixture used as an ethnopharmacological remedy for diabetes, this study aimed to compare the in vitro biological activities of this polyherbal mixture and its individual ingredients, and, most importantly, to validate the ethnopharmacological value of the herbal mixture through evaluation of its phytochemical composition, its potential in vivo toxicity and its effect on diabetes complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis was performed using HPLC-UV. Antioxidant activity was estimated via the DPPH test. Potential cytotoxicity/anticytotoxicity was assessed using an in vitro RBCs antihemolytic assay and an in vivo sub-chronic oral toxicity method. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using an in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay and in vivo using a chemically induced diabetic rat model. RESULTS The HPLC-UV analysis revealed the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative, catechin, five catechin derivatives, epicatechin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, four quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, and four caffeic acid derivatives in the polyherbal mixture decoction. Treatment with the decoction has shown no toxic effects. The antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of the polyherbal mixture were higher than the reference's ones. Its antidiabetic activity was high in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Fourteen days of treatment with the decoction (15 g/kg) completely normalized blood glucose levels of diabetic animals, while treatments with insulin and glimepiride only slightly lowered glycemic values. In addition, lipid status of treated animals as well as levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and MDA were completely normalized. In addition, the polyherbal mixture completely restored the histopathological changes of the liver, kidneys and all four Cornu ammonis regions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The polyherbal mixture was effective in the prevention of both primary and secondary diabetic complications such as hyperlipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Višnja Madić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Gordana Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zlatanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Bojan Zlatković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Đorđević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Kapil L, Kumar V, Kaur S, Sharma D, Singh C, Singh A. Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:367-383. [PMID: 36974405 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230327092855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-destructive cellular process that removes essential metabolites and waste from inside the cell to maintain cellular health. Mitophagy is the process by which autophagy causes disruption inside mitochondria and the total removal of damaged or stressed mitochondria, hence enhancing cellular health. The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, performing essential functions such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) generation, metabolism, Ca2+ buffering, and signal transduction. Many different mechanisms, including endosomal and autophagosomal transport, bring these substrates to lysosomes for processing. Autophagy and endocytic processes each have distinct compartments, and they interact dynamically with one another to complete digestion. Since mitophagy is essential for maintaining cellular health and using genetics, cell biology, and proteomics techniques, it is necessary to understand its beginning, particularly in ubiquitin and receptor-dependent signalling in injured mitochondria. Despite their similar symptoms and emerging genetic foundations, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have all been linked to abnormalities in autophagy and endolysosomal pathways associated with neuronal dysfunction. Mitophagy is responsible for normal mitochondrial turnover and, under certain physiological or pathological situations, may drive the elimination of faulty mitochondria. Due to their high energy requirements and post-mitotic origin, neurons are especially susceptible to autophagic and mitochondrial malfunction. This article focused on the importance of autophagy and mitophagy in neurodegenerative illnesses and how they might be used to create novel therapeutic approaches for treating a wide range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Kapil
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Deepali Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics (School of Pharmacy), H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar - 246174, Garhwal (Uttarakhand), India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Chen YH, Wang ZB, Liu XP, Mao ZQ. Plasma Insulin Predicts Early Amyloid-β Pathology Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:321-332. [PMID: 38848190 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), sharing similar pathophysiological traits like impaired insulin signaling. Objective To test the association between plasma insulin and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD pathology. Methods A total of 304 participants were included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, assessing plasma insulin and CSF AD pathology. We explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma insulin and AD pathology and compared their associations across different AD clinical and pathological stages. Results In the non-demented group, amyloid-β (Aβ)+ participants (e.g., as reflected by CSF Aβ42) exhibited significantly lower plasma insulin levels compared to non-demented Aβ-participants (p < 0.001). This reduction in plasma insulin was more evident in the A+T+ group (as shown by CSF Aβ42 and pTau181 levels) when compared to the A-T- group within the non-dementia group (p = 0.002). Additionally, higher plasma insulin levels were consistently associated with more normal CSF Aβ42 levels (p < 0.001) across all participants. This association was particularly significant in the Aβ-group (p = 0.002) and among non-demented individuals (p < 0.001). Notably, baseline plasma insulin was significantly correlated with longitudinal changes in CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.006), whereas baseline CSF Aβ42 did not show a similar correlation with changes in plasma insulin over time. Conclusions These findings suggest an association between plasma insulin and early Aβ pathology in the early stages of AD, indicating that plasma insulin may be a potential predictor of changes in early Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pietilä E, Snellman A, Tuisku J, Helin S, Viitanen M, Jula A, Rinne JO, Ekblad LL. Midlife insulin resistance, APOE genotype, and change in late-life brain beta-amyloid accumulation - A 5-year follow-up [ 11C]PIB-PET study. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106385. [PMID: 38123104 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied if midlife insulin resistance (IR) and APOE genotype would predict brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Aβ change in late-life in 5-year follow-up [11C]PIB-PET study. 43 dementia-free participants were scanned twice with [11C]PIB-PET in their late-life (mean age at follow-up 75.4 years). Participants were recruited from the Finnish Health2000 study according to their HOMA-IR values measured in midlife (mean age at midlife 55.4 years; IR+ group, HOMA-IR > 2.17; IR- group, HOMA-IR <1.25), and their APOEε4 genotype. At late-life follow-up, [11C]PIB-PET composite SUVr was significantly higher in IR+ group than IR- group (median 2.3 (interquartile range 1.7-3.3) vs. 1.7 (1.5-2.4), p = 0.03). There was no difference between IR- and IR+ groups in [11C]PIB-PET SUVr 5-year change, but the change was significantly higher in IR+/APOEε4+ group (median change 0.8 (0.60-1.0)) than in IR-/APOEε4- (0.28 (0.14-0.47), p = 0.02) and in IR+/APOEε4- group (0.24 (0.06-0.40), p = 0.046). These results suggest that APOEε4 carriers with midlife IR are at increased risk for late-life Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Pietilä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Department of Geriatrics, Turku City Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Reseach Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Geriatrics, Turku University Hospital, Wellbeing services county of Southwestern Finland, Finland
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14
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Li J, Xue C, Yang H, Zhang J, Li G, Li J, Kuang F, Chen J, Zhang S, Gao F, Kou Z, Zhang X, Dong L. Simulated weightlessness induces hippocampal insulin resistance and cognitive impairment. Life Sci 2023; 333:122112. [PMID: 37758017 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the potential consequences of long-term spaceflight, including gray matter volume reduction and cognitive dysfunction with subclinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus among astronauts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that long-term simulated weightlessness induced hippocampal insulin resistance and subsequent neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in rats. Rats subjected to 4-week tail suspension exhibited peripheral insulin resistance, evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose and abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, alongside reduced spontaneous activity and impaired recognition memory. In addition, 4 weeks of simulated weightlessness induced neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in the hippocampus, as evidenced by increased TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining-positive neurons. Mechanistically, insulin-stimulated hippocampal Akt phosphorylation was decreased, while PTEN, the negative regulator of insulin signaling, was increased in the hippocampus in tail-suspended rats. Interestingly, treatment with berberine, an insulin sensitizer, partly reversed the above-mentioned effects induced by simulated weightlessness. These data suggest that long-term simulated weightlessness induces cognitive impairment as well as neuronal apoptosis and neural degeneration, partially through hippocampal insulin resistance via PTEN up-regulation. Berberine treatment attenuates hippocampal insulin resistance and improves cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Psychology, Air Force Hospital, Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF. The link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease: A mutual relationship and long rigorous investigation. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102084. [PMID: 37802319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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16
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Cadena-Ullauri S, Frias-Toral E, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Chapela S, Montalván M, Morales-López T, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. The Molecular Mechanisms of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37630775 PMCID: PMC10458139 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative condition resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons. This neuronal loss leads to motor and non-motor neurological symptoms. Most PD cases are idiopathic, and no cure is available. Recently, it has been proposed that insulin resistance (IR) could be a central factor in PD development. IR has been associated with PD neuropathological features like α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy. These features are related to impaired neurological metabolism, neuronal death, and the aggravation of PD symptoms. Moreover, pharmacological options that involve insulin signaling improvement and dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic strategies have been under development. These drugs could prevent the metabolic pathways involved in neuronal damage. All these approaches could improve PD outcomes. Also, new biomarker identification may allow for an earlier PD diagnosis in high-risk individuals. This review describes the main pathways implicated in PD development involving IR. Also, it presents several therapeutic options that are directed at insulin signaling improvement and could be used in PD treatment. The understanding of IR molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative development could enhance PD therapeutic options and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana A Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABE, Argentina
- Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina
| | - Martha Montalván
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 091952, Ecuador
| | - Tania Morales-López
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
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18
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Goodarzi G, Tehrani SS, Fana SE, Moradi-Sardareh H, Panahi G, Maniati M, Meshkani R. Crosstalk between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: a focus on anti-diabetic drugs. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1769-1800. [PMID: 37335453 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most common age-related diseases. There is accumulating evidence of an overlap in the pathophysiological mechanisms of these two diseases. Studies have demonstrated insulin pathway alternation may interact with amyloid-β protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation, two essential factors in AD. So attention to the use of anti-diabetic drugs in AD treatment has increased in recent years. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have evaluated possible neuroprotective effects of anti-diabetic different medicines in AD, with some promising results. Here we review the evidence on the therapeutic potential of insulin, metformin, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1R), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) Inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and Amylin analog against AD. Given that many questions remain unanswered, further studies are required to confirm the positive effects of anti-diabetic drugs in AD treatment. So to date, no particular anti-diabetic drugs can be recommended to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Mantik KEK, Kim S, Gu B, Moon S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Kang JH. Repositioning of Anti-Diabetic Drugs against Dementia: Insight from Molecular Perspectives to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11450. [PMID: 37511207 PMCID: PMC10380685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance as a hallmark of type 2 DM (T2DM) plays a role in dementia by promoting pathological lesions or enhancing the vulnerability of the brain. Numerous studies related to insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling are linked with various types of dementia. Brain insulin resistance in dementia is linked to disturbances in Aβ production and clearance, Tau hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation causing increased neuroinflammation, and the breakdown of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These mechanisms have been studied primarily in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but research on other forms of dementia like vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has also explored overlapping mechanisms. Researchers are currently trying to repurpose anti-diabetic drugs to treat dementia, which are dominated by insulin sensitizers and insulin substrates. Although it seems promising and feasible, none of the trials have succeeded in ameliorating cognitive decline in late-onset dementia. We highlight the possibility of repositioning anti-diabetic drugs as a strategy for dementia therapy by reflecting on current and previous clinical trials. We also describe the molecular perspectives of various types of dementia through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Esther Kristina Mantik
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonsang Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sports, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sports, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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20
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Misra A, Chakrabarti SS, Gambhir IS, Baghel MS, Patil YR. Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Profiles in Alzheimer's Dementia Patients: A Bioinformatic Approach. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:611-613. [PMID: 37970293 PMCID: PMC10645275 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_206_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Misra
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sankha S. Chakrabarti
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indrajeet S. Gambhir
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meghraj S. Baghel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yugendra R. Patil
- Biochemical Science Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Sanotra MR, Kao SH, Lee CK, Hsu CH, Huang WC, Chang TC, Tu FY, Hsu IU, Lin YF. Acrolein adducts and responding autoantibodies correlate with metabolic disturbance in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:115. [PMID: 37349844 PMCID: PMC10286356 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by many intertwining pathologies involving metabolic aberrations. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) generally show hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which can lead to the formation of aldehydic adducts such as acrolein on peptides in the brain and blood. However, the pathogenesis from MetS to AD remains elusive. METHODS An AD cell model expressing Swedish and Indiana amyloid precursor protein (APP-Swe/Ind) in neuro-2a cells and a 3xTg-AD mouse model were used. Human serum samples (142 control and 117 AD) and related clinical data were collected. Due to the involvement of MetS in AD, human samples were grouped into healthy control (HC), MetS-like, AD with normal metabolism (AD-N), and AD with metabolic disturbance (AD-M). APP, amyloid-beta (Aß), and acrolein adducts in the samples were analyzed using immunofluorescent microscopy, histochemistry, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and/or ELISA. Synthetic Aß1-16 and Aß17-28 peptides were modified with acrolein in vitro and verified using LC-MS/MS. Native and acrolein-modified Aß peptides were used to measure the levels of specific autoantibodies IgG and IgM in the serum. The correlations and diagnostic power of potential biomarkers were evaluated. RESULTS An increased level of acrolein adducts was detected in the AD model cells. Furthermore, acrolein adducts were observed on APP C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) containing Aß in 3xTg-AD mouse serum, brain lysates, and human serum. The level of acrolein adducts was correlated positively with fasting glucose and triglycerides and negatively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, which correspond with MetS conditions. Among the four groups of human samples, the level of acrolein adducts was largely increased only in AD-M compared to all other groups. Notably, anti-acrolein-Aß autoantibodies, especially IgM, were largely reduced in AD-M compared to the MetS group, suggesting that the specific antibodies against acrolein adducts may be depleted during pathogenesis from MetS to AD. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic disturbance may induce acrolein adduction, however, neutralized by responding autoantibodies. AD may be developed from MetS when these autoantibodies are depleted. Acrolein adducts and the responding autoantibodies may be potential biomarkers for not only diagnosis but also immunotherapy of AD, especially in complication with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Renuka Sanotra
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Chuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - I-Uen Hsu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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22
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Zou Y, Wang Q, Cheng X. Causal Relationship Between Basal Metabolic Rate and Alzheimer's Disease: A Bidirectional Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:763-776. [PMID: 36894827 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective observational studies have shown that basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreases in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the causal relationship between BMR and AD has not been established. We determined the causal relationship between BMR and AD by two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) and investigated the impact of factors associated with BMR on AD. METHODS We obtained BMR (n = 454,874) and AD from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) database (21,982 patients with AD, 41,944 controls). The causal relationship between AD and BMR was investigated using two-way MR. Additionally, we identified the causal relationship between AD and factors related with BMR, hyperthyroidism (hy/thy) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), height and weight. RESULTS BMR had a causal relationship with AD [451 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), odds ratio (OR) 0.749, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.663-0.858, P = 2.40E-03]. There was no causal relationship between hy/thy or T2D and AD (P > 0.05). The bidirectional MR showed that there was also a causal relationship between AD and BMR (OR 0.992, Cls 0.987-0.997, NSNPs18, P = 1.50E-03). BMR, height and weight have a protective effect on AD. Based on MVMR analysis, we found that genetically determined height and weight may be adjusted by BMR to have a causal effect on AD, not height and weight themselves. CONCLUSION Our study showed that higher BMR reduced the risk of AD, and patients with AD had a lower BMR. Because of a positive correlation with BMR, height and weight may have a protective effect on AD. The two metabolism-related diseases, hy/thy and T2D, had no causal relationship with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiao Zou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Qingxian Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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23
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Jiang G, Long Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xue P, Chen M, Yang K, Li W. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in the brain microvascular endothelium ameliorates diabetic Aβ brain deposition and cognitive impairment via the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1/lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36890627 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is highly activated in diabetes, and the decrease of low-density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 (LRP1) in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is a key factor leading to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain and diabetic cognitive impairment, but the relationship between them is still unknown. METHODS In vitro, BMECs were cultured with high glucose, and the activation of mTORC1 and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was observed. mTORC1 was inhibited by rapamycin and small interfering RNA (siRNA) in BMECs. Betulin and siRNA inhibited SREBP1, observed the mechanism of mTORC1-mediated effects on Aβ efflux in BMECs through LRP1 under high-glucose conditions. Constructed cerebrovascular endothelial cell-specific Raptor-knockout (Raptorfl/+ ) mice to investigate the role of mTORC1 in regulating LRP1-mediated Aβ efflux and diabetic cognitive impairment at the tissue level. RESULTS mTORC1 activation was observed in HBMECs cultured in high glucose, and this change was confirmed in diabetic mice. Inhibiting mTORC1 corrected the reduction in Aβ efflux under high-glucose stimulation. In addition, high glucose activated the expression of SREBP1, and inhibiting of mTORC1 reduced the activation and expression of SREBP1. After inhibiting the activity of SREBP1, the presentation of LRP1 was improved, and the decrease of Aβ efflux mediated by high glucose was corrected. Raptorfl/+ diabetic mice had significantly inhibited activation of mTORC1 and SREBP1, increased LRP1 expression, increased Aβ efflux, and improved cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Inhibiting mTORC1 in the brain microvascular endothelium ameliorates diabetic Aβ brain deposition and cognitive impairment via the SREBP1/LRP1 signaling pathway, suggesting that mTORC1 may be a potential target for the treatment of diabetic cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Long
- Xiang Yang No. 1 People Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University Medicine, XiangYang, China
| | - Yaoling Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Geriatrics, Li-Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Grant WB, Blake SM. Diet's Role in Modifying Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: History and Present Understanding. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1353-1382. [PMID: 37955087 PMCID: PMC10741367 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an important nonpharmacological risk-modifying factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The approaches used here to assess diet's role in the risk of AD include multi-country ecological studies, prospective and cross-sectional observational studies, and laboratory studies. Ecological studies have identified fat, meat, and obesity from high-energy diets as important risk factors for AD and reported that AD rates peak about 15-20 years after national dietary changes. Observational studies have compared the Western dietary pattern with those of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MedDi), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. Those studies identified AD risk factors including higher consumption of saturated and total fats, meat, and ultraprocessed foods and a lower risk of AD with higher consumption of fruits, legumes, nuts, omega-3 fatty acids, vegetables, and whole grains. Diet-induced factors associated with a significant risk of AD include inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, elevated homocysteine, dietary advanced glycation end products, and trimethylamine N-oxide. The molecular mechanisms by which dietary bioactive components and specific foods affect risk of AD are discussed. Given most countries' entrenched food supply systems, the upward trends of AD rates would be hard to reverse. However, for people willing and able, a low-animal product diet with plenty of anti-inflammatory, low-glycemic load foods may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven M. Blake
- Nutritional Neuroscience, Maui Memory Clinic, Wailuku, HI, USA
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26
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Yan F, Liu J, Chen MX, Zhang Y, Wei SJ, Jin H, Nie J, Fu XL, Shi JS, Zhou SY, Jin F. Icariin ameliorates memory deficits through regulating brain insulin signaling and glucose transporters in 3ΧTg-AD mice. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:183-188. [PMID: 35799540 PMCID: PMC9241391 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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27
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Sanaie S, Nikanfar S, Kalekhane ZY, Azizi-Zeinalhajlou A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Araj-Khodaei M, Ayati MH, Andalib S. Saffron as a promising therapy for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:137-162. [PMID: 35986812 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus is increasing with the societies' aging and has become an essential social concern worldwide. Accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau proteins in the brain are hallmarks of AD. Diabetes is an underlying risk factor for AD. Insulin resistance has been proposed to be involved in amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain. It seems that diabetic conditions can result in AD pathology by setting off a cascade of processes, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) synthesis. Due to the several side effects of chemical drugs and their high cost, using herbal medicine has recently attracted attention for the treatment of diabetes and AD. Saffron and its active ingredients have been used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-AD properties. Therefore, in the present review paper, we take account of the clinical, in vivo and in vitro evidence regarding the anti-diabetic and anti-AD effects of saffron and discuss the preventive or postponing properties of saffron or its components on AD development via its anti-diabetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Nikanfar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi Kalekhane
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Azizi-Zeinalhajlou
- Student Research Committee, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sasan Andalib
- Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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28
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Gupta M, Pandey S, Rumman M, Singh B, Mahdi AA. Molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia associated cognitive decline. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:57-63. [PMID: 36590246 PMCID: PMC9800261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. DM can lead to a number of secondary complications affecting multiple organs in the body including the eyes, kidney, heart, and brain. The most common effect of hyperglycemia on the brain is cognitive decline. It has been estimated that 20-70% of people with DM have cognitive deficits. High blood sugar affects key brain areas involved in learning, memory, and spatial navigation, and the structural complexity of the brain has made it prone to a variety of pathological disorders, including T2DM. Studies have reported that cognitive decline can occur in people with diabetes, which could go undetected for several years. Moreover, studies on brain imaging suggest extensive effects on different brain regions in patients with T2D. It remains unclear whether diabetes-associated cognitive decline is a consequence of hyperglycemia or a complication that co-occurs with T2D. The exact mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in diabetes is complex; however, impaired glucose metabolism and abnormal insulin function are thought to play important roles. In this review, we have tried to summarize the effect of hyperglycemia on the brain structure and functions, along with the potential mechanisms underlying T2DM-associated cognitive decline.
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29
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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Advanced glycation end products induce Aβ 1-42 deposition and cognitive decline through H19/miR-15b/BACE1 axis in diabetic encephalopathy. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:187-196. [PMID: 35961529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic encephalopathy (DE), a chronic complication of diabetes, is characterized by decline of cognitive function. The molecular mechanism of DE remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of DE and investigate its underlying mechanisms in this process. METHODS DE rats were developed by incorporating a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection followed by the Morris Water Maze test. HT-22 cells were used to mimic the in vitro neuronal injuries of DE. Expression levels of long non-coding RNA H19, miR-15b and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) mRNA in the hippocampus of DE rats or HT-22 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The levels of BACE1 proteins were analyzed by western blotting or immunohistochemical staining. The contents of Aβ1-42 in supernatant of the cell culture were analyzed by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between H19 or BACE1 and miR-15b was verified with dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We found that the accumulation of Aβ1-42 and the phosphorylation of Tau (Ser404) were increased in the hippocampus CA3 regionof DE rats. MiR-15b was downregulated while H19 and BACE1 were upregulated in the hippocampus CA3 regionof DE rats and AGEs-treated HT-22 cells. The expression of BACE1 protein was negatively regulated by miR-15b at the post-transcriptional level in HT-22 cells. In vivo, administration of miR-15b mimics by the intranasal delivery markedly decreased the BACE1 protein in hippocampal CA3 region and improved the cognitive decline in DE rats. Besides, the luciferase activity assay confirmed the binding site of miR-15b to both the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of BACE1 mRNA and H19. Then, miR-15b inhibitor reversed H19 knockdown-mediated decrease of Aβ1-42 level in AGEs-treated HT-22 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggested that AGEs induced Aβ1-42 deposition andcognitive decline through H19/miR-15b/ BACE1 axis in DE.
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Crosstalk between neurological, cardiovascular, and lifestyle disorders: insulin and lipoproteins in the lead role. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:790-817. [PMID: 36149598 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and impaired lipoprotein metabolism contribute to a plethora of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. These alterations have been extensively linked with poor lifestyle choices, such as consumption of a high-fat diet, smoking, stress, and a redundant lifestyle. Moreover, these are also known to increase the co-morbidity of diseases like Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, insulin and lipoproteins exert a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. However, the tripping of balance between the periphery and center may alter the normal functioning of the brain and lead to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, and multiple sclerosis. These neurological disorders are further characterized by certain behavioral and molecular changes that show consistent overlap with alteration in insulin and lipoprotein signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting these two mechanisms not only reveals a way to manage the co-morbidities associated with the circle of the metabolic, central nervous system, and cardiovascular disorders but also exclusively work as a disease-modifying therapy for neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of insulin resistance and lipoproteins in the progression of various neurological conditions and discuss the therapeutic options currently in the clinical pipeline targeting these two mechanisms; in addition, challenges faced in designing these therapeutic approaches have also been touched upon briefly.
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Kullenberg H, Rossen J, Johansson UB, Hagströmer M, Nyström T, Kumlin M, Svedberg MM. Increased levels of insulin-degrading enzyme in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2022; 77:561-565. [PMID: 35751775 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decreasing levels of serum insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) have been associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer´s disease (AD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research on serum IDE levels in patients with T2DM is sparse and the aim of this study was to explore serum levels of IDE in patients with T2DM. METHOD Blood serum samples were obtained from a biobank. Samples from subjects with T2DM and without metabolic disease were divided into subgroups; lifestyle treatment (n = 10), oral antidiabetic treatment (n = 17), insulin treatment (n = 20) and metabolically healthy controls (n = 18). Serum levels of IDE were analysed using specific ELISA assays. RESULTS Serum levels of IDE were elevated in subjects with T2DM compared to metabolically healthy individuals (p = 0.033). No significant differences were detected between treatment subgroups. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that patients with T2DM have increased serum IDE levels, compared to metabolically healthy individuals. However, for IDE to be clinically useful as a biomarker, its full function and possible use needs to be further elucidated in larger studies showing reproducible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kullenberg
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Rossen
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unn-Britt Johansson
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kumlin
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie M Svedberg
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pal L, Morgan K, Santoro NF, Manson JE, Taylor HS, Miller VM, Brinton EA, Lobo R, Neal-Perry G, Cedars MI, Harman SM, James TT, Gleason CE. Cardiometabolic measures and cognition in early menopause - Analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas 2022; 162:58-65. [PMID: 35617770 PMCID: PMC10089771 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships between cardiometabolic indices and cognition were examined in recently menopausal women. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the KEEPS (Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study)-Cognitive ancillary study (n = 621). Cognitive performance was assessed by the Modified Mini Mental Status (3MS) score (primary outcome). Physical cardiometabolic indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure (BP). Biochemical cardiometabolic indices included serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), non-HDL (non-HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Socio-demographic variables included age, race/ethnicity, education, and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking). Central adiposity was defined as WC > 88 cm (>35 in) and WHR > 0.8. Separate stepwise multivariable analyses (GLM, ordinal logistic regression and logistic regression) assessed relationships between 3MS scores (as continuous, in tertiles and dichotomized at 90 respectively) with the measures of central adiposity (predictor variables); socio-demographic variables (age, time since menopause, race, educational status and lifestyle) and cardiometabolic variables (BP, lipids, FSG, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP) were examined as covariates. The final multivariable models included time since menopause, race, ethnicity, educational status, strenuous exercise, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, non-HDL-C and hs-CRP as covariates. Due to the high collinearity between the two indices of central adiposity, within each analytic strategy, separate models examined the respective associations of WC > 88 cm and WHR > 0.8 with 3MS score. RESULTS On adjusted analyses, indices of central adiposity were independent predictors of significantly lower 3MS scores (p < 0.05). Consistency in this relationship was observed across the three different multivariable regression analytic approaches (GLM, ordinal and logistic regression). CONCLUSIONS Among recently menopausal women, WC > 88 cm and WHR > 0.8 were associated with significantly lower cognitive function, as reflected by lower 3MS scores. The mechanisms that might explain the observed negative implications of central adiposity for cognitive function warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Pal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Kelly Morgan
- SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nanette F Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, United States
| | | | - Rogerio Lobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, United States
| | - Genevieve Neal-Perry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Marcelle I Cedars
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, United States
| | - S Mitchell Harman
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute and the Phoenix Veterans Administration Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Taryn T James
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), United States
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), United States
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Jeong JH, Lee DH, Song J. HMGB1 signaling pathway in diabetes-related dementia: Blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ accumulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112933. [PMID: 35413600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to the onset of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the similarities and relationship between diabetes and dementia as an important issue for treating diabetes-related cognitive deficits. Diabetes-related dementia exhibits several features, including blood-brain barrier disruption, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ over-accumulation. High-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a protein known to regulate gene transcription and cellular mechanisms by binding to DNA or chromatin via receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recent studies have demonstrated that the interplay between HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 can impact both neuropathology and diabetic alterations. Herein, we review the recent research regarding the roles of HMGB1-RAGE-TLR4 axis in diabetes-related dementia from several perspectives and emphasize the importance of the influence of HMGB1 in diabetes-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang R, Jiang L, Li G, Wu J, Tian P, Zhang D, Qin Y, Shi Z, Gao Z, Zhang N, Wang S, Zhou H, Xu S. Advanced Glycosylation End Products Induced Synaptic Deficits and Cognitive Decline Through ROS-JNK-p53/miR-34c/SYT1 Axis in Diabetic Encephalopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:843-861. [PMID: 35404278 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: miR-34c has been found to be implicated in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and its complications. Objective: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of miR-34c in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Methods: Diabetes mellitus rats were developed by incorporating a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test were used to assess the cognitive function of rats. Expression of miR-34c were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) and AdipoR2 or other proteins. Golgi staining was performed to investigate dendritic spine density. Results: The increased miR-34c induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was mediated by ROS-JNK-p53 pathway, but not ROS-Rb-E2F1 pathway, in hippocampus of DE rats or in HT-22 cells. miR-34c negatively regulated the expression of SYT1, but not AdipoR2, in hippocampal neurons. miR-34c inhibitor rescued the AGE-induced decrease in the density of dendritic spines in primary hippocampal neurons. Administration of AM34c by the intranasal delivery increased the hippocampus levels of SYT1 and ameliorated the cognitive function in DE rats. The serum levels of miR-34c were increased in patients with DE comparing with normal controls. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that AGE-induced oxidative stress mediated increase of miR-34c through ROS-JNK-p53 pathway, resulting in synaptic deficits and cognitive decline by targeting SYT1 in DE, and the miR-34c/SYT1 axis could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for DE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - JingJing Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - ZhaoYu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
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Alves SS, da Silva Junior RMP, Delfino-Pereira P, Pereira MGAG, Vasconcelos I, Schwaemmle H, Mazzei RF, Carlos ML, Espreafico EM, Tedesco AC, Sebollela A, Almeida SS, de Oliveira JAC, Garcia-Cairasco N. A Genetic Model of Epilepsy with a Partial Alzheimer's Disease-Like Phenotype and Central Insulin Resistance. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3721-3737. [PMID: 35378696 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested an important connection between epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD), mostly due to the high number of patients diagnosed with AD who develop epileptic seizures later on. However, this link is not well understood. Previous studies from our group have identified memory impairment and metabolic abnormalities in the Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) strain, a genetic model of epilepsy. Our goal was to investigate AD behavioral and molecular alterations, including brain insulin resistance, in naïve (seizure-free) animals of the WAR strain. We used the Morris water maze (MWM) test to evaluate spatial learning and memory performance and hippocampal tissue to verify possible molecular and immunohistochemical alterations. WARs presented worse performance in the MWM test (p < 0.0001), higher levels of hyperphosphorylated tau (S396) (p < 0.0001) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 (S21/9) (p < 0.05), and lower insulin receptor levels (p < 0.05). Conversely, WARs and Wistar controls present progressive increase in amyloid fibrils (p < 0.0001) and low levels of soluble amyloid-β. Interestingly, the detected alterations were age-dependent, reaching larger differences in aged than in young adult animals. In summary, the present study provides evidence of a partial AD-like phenotype, including altered regulation of insulin signaling, in a genetic model of epilepsy. Together, these data contribute to the understanding of the connection between epilepsy and AD as comorbidities. Moreover, since both tau hyperphosphorylation and altered insulin signaling have already been reported in epilepsy and AD, these two events should be considered as important components in the interconnection between epilepsy and AD pathogenesis and, therefore, potential therapeutic targets in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Polianna Delfino-Pereira
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Israel Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Hanna Schwaemmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Focosi Mazzei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Maiko Luiz Carlos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Enilza Maria Espreafico
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Sousa Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Cortes de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Kim CK, Lee YR, Ong L, Gold M, Kalali A, Sarkar J. Alzheimer's Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:83-100. [PMID: 35342092 PMCID: PMC9198803 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the acknowledged lack of success in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development over the past two decades, the objective of this review was to derive key insights from the myriad failures to inform future drug development. A systematic and exhaustive review was performed on all failed AD compounds for dementia (interventional phase II and III clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2004 to the present. Starting with the initial ∼2,700 AD clinical trials, ∼550 trials met our initial criteria, from which 98 unique phase II and III compounds with various mechanisms of action met our criteria of a failed compound. The two recent reported phase III successes of aducanumab and oligomannate are very encouraging; however, we are awaiting real-world validation of their effectiveness. These two successes against the 98 failures gives a 2.0% phase II and III success rate since 2003, when the previous novel compound was approved. Potential contributing methodological factors for the clinical trial failures were categorized into 1) insufficient evidence to initiate the pivotal trials, and 2) pivotal trial design shortcomings. Our evaluation found that rational drug development principles were not always followed for AD therapeutics development, and the question remains whether some of the failed compounds may have shown efficacy if the principles were better adhered to. Several recommendations are made for future AD therapeutic development. The whole database of the 98 failed compounds is presented in the Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Gold
- Neuroscience Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Liu Y, Luo X. New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation. Front Med 2022; 16:17-24. [PMID: 35226299 PMCID: PMC8883012 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Role of Creatine Supplementation in Conditions Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030529. [PMID: 35276888 PMCID: PMC8838971 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate (CrM) is one of the most widely used nutritional supplements among active individuals and athletes to improve high-intensity exercise performance and training adaptations. However, research suggests that CrM supplementation may also serve as a therapeutic tool in the management of some chronic and traumatic diseases. Creatine supplementation has been reported to improve high-energy phosphate availability as well as have antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-lactatic, and calcium-homoeostatic effects. These characteristics may have a direct impact on mitochondrion's survival and health particularly during stressful conditions such as ischemia and injury. This narrative review discusses current scientific evidence for use or supplemental CrM as a therapeutic agent during conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on this analysis, it appears that CrM supplementation may have a role in improving cellular bioenergetics in several mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, ischemic conditions, and injury pathology and thereby could provide therapeutic benefit in the management of these conditions. However, larger clinical trials are needed to explore these potential therapeutic applications before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Liu L, Wang N, Kalionis B, Xia S, He Q. HMGB1 plays an important role in pyroptosis induced blood brain barrier breakdown in diabetes-associated cognitive decline. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 362:577763. [PMID: 34844084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dementia, and evidence suggests hyperglycemia is a key contributor to neurodegeneration. However, our understanding of diabetes-associated cognitive decline, an important complication of diabetes mellitus, is lacking and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is a possible cause of dementia in diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Accumulating evidence shows BBB dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia contributes to cognitive decline. A specific type of inflammatory programmed cell death, called pyroptosis, has potential as a therapeutic target for BBB-associated diseases. Potential inducers of pyroptosis include inflammasomes such as NLRP3, whose activation relies on damage-associated molecular patterns. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein found in most cell types, and acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern when released from the nucleus. We propose that HMGB1 influences vascular inflammation by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and thereby initiating pyroptosis in vascular cells. Moreover, HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Here, we review the role of HMGB1 in BBB dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia and propose that HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic target for countering diabetes-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Neng Wang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shijin Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qinghu He
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, PR China.
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Wang X, Li X, Wang W, Shi G, Wu R, Guo L, Lu C. Longitudinal Associations of Newly Diagnosed Prediabetes and Diabetes with Cognitive Function among Chinese Adults Aged 45 Years and Older. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9458646. [PMID: 35936393 PMCID: PMC9352492 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9458646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With population aging, diabetes mellitus and cognitive function decline are common health problems among older adults worldwide. This longitudinal study is aimed at estimating the longitudinal associations of newly diagnosed prediabetes and diabetes status with cognitive function among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older and evaluating the clinical risk factors associated with cognitive function. Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 8716 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled between 2011 and 2012 at baseline, and 6125 participants completed the follow-up survey in 2018. Cognitive function, newly diagnosed diabetic status, depression, body mass index, and clinical and biochemical measurements were collected. At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 58.93 (SD: 9.76) years, 3987 (45.7%) were males, 1802 (20.7%) participants were newly diagnosed with prediabetes, and 935 (10.7%) were diabetes patients. After adjusting for control variables, diabetes was a significant risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline (unstandardized βestimate = -0.50, 95%CI = -0.98 ~ -0.02). Subgroup analyses found that the association of diabetes with cognitive decline was significant in females. Stratification analyses found that among prediabetes patients, triglyceride concentrations were negatively associated with cognitive function; among diabetes patients, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly associated with cognitive decline. The newly diagnosed diabetes status at baseline was associated with subsequent cognitive decline among middle-aged and elderly Chinese, especially in females. The management of triglycerides through lifestyle modification for prediabetes and specific adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy for diabetes might benefit cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (Shenzhen Shekou People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518067, China
| | - Xiuwen Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangduoji Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Kalecký K, German DC, Montillo AA, Bottiglieri T. Targeted Metabolomic Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Plasma and Brain Tissue in Non-Hispanic Whites. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1875-1895. [PMID: 35253754 PMCID: PMC9108583 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites are biological compounds reflecting the functional activity of organs and tissues. Understanding metabolic changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can provide insight into potential risk factors in this multifactorial disease and suggest new intervention strategies or improve non-invasive diagnosis. OBJECTIVE In this study, we searched for changes in AD metabolism in plasma and frontal brain cortex tissue samples and evaluated the performance of plasma measurements as biomarkers. METHODS This is a case-control study with two tissue cohorts: 158 plasma samples (94 AD, 64 controls; Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium - TARCC) and 71 postmortem cortex samples (35 AD, 36 controls; Banner Sun Health Research Institute brain bank). We performed targeted mass spectrometry analysis of 630 compounds (106 small molecules: UHPLC-MS/MS, 524 lipids: FIA-MS/MS) and 232 calculated metabolic indicators with a metabolomic kit (Biocrates MxP® Quant 500). RESULTS We discovered disturbances (FDR≤0.05) in multiple metabolic pathways in AD in both cohorts including microbiome-related metabolites with pro-toxic changes, methylhistidine metabolism, polyamines, corticosteroids, omega-3 fatty acids, acylcarnitines, ceramides, and diglycerides. In AD, plasma reveals elevated triglycerides, and cortex shows altered amino acid metabolism. A cross-validated diagnostic prediction model from plasma achieves AUC = 82% (CI95 = 75-88%); for females specifically, AUC = 88% (CI95 = 80-95%). A reduced model using 20 features achieves AUC = 79% (CI95 = 71-85%); for females AUC = 84% (CI95 = 74-92%). CONCLUSION Our findings support the involvement of gut environment in AD and encourage targeting multiple metabolic areas in the design of intervention strategies, including microbiome composition, hormonal balance, nutrients, and muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kalecký
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dwight C. German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Albert A. Montillo
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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Renuka Sanotra M, Huang WC, Silver S, Lin CY, Chang TC, Nguyen DPQ, Lee CK, Kao SH, Chang-Cheng Shieh J, Lin YF. Serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal adducts and responding autoantibodies correlate with the pathogenesis from hyperglycemia to Alzheimer's disease. Clin Biochem 2021; 101:26-34. [PMID: 34933007 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia leads to lipid peroxidation, producing 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) adducts which correlate with the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ), one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study is to investigate the interactions of Aβ, HNE adducts and responding autoantibodies during the pathogenesis from hyperglycemia to AD. METHODS A total of 239 Taiwanese serum samples from a healthy control group and patients with hyperglycemia, and AD with and without hyperglycemia were analyzed. Aβ was immunoprecipitated from randomly pooled serum in each group and immunoblotted. Synthetic Aβ1-16 and Aβ17-28 peptides were modified with HNE in vitro and verified with LC-MS/MS. The levels of Aβ, HNE adducts, and autoantibody isotypes IgG and IgM against either native or HNE-modified Aβ were determined with ELISA. The diagnostic power of potential biomarkers was evaluated. RESULTS Increased fasting glucose and decreased high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in AD groups indicated abnormal metabolism in the pathogenesis progression from hyperglycemia to AD. Indeed, serum Aβ, HNE adducts and most of the autoantibodies recognizing either native or HNE-modified Aβ were increased in the diseased groups. However, HNE adducts had better diagnostic performances than Aβ for both hyperglycemia and AD. Additionally, HNE-Aβ peptide levels were increased, and the responding autoantibodies (most notably IgM) were decreased in hyperglycemic AD group compared to the hyperglycemia only group, suggesting an immunity disturbance in the pathogenesis progression from hyperglycemia to AD. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia increases the level of HNE adducts which may be neutralized by responding autoantibodies. Depletion of these autoantibodies promotes AD-like pathogenesis. Thus, levels of a patient's HNE adducts and associated responding autoantibodies are potential biomarkers for AD with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Renuka Sanotra
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Simon Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Chuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Doan Phuong Quy Nguyen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Chang-Cheng Shieh
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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García-Morales V, González-Acedo A, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Pardo-Moreno T, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Montiel-Troya M, Ramos-Rodríguez JJ. Current Understanding of the Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1910. [PMID: 34944723 PMCID: PMC8698840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. It is characterized by cognitive decline and progressive memory loss. The aim of this review was to update the state of knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to AD. Currently, the amyloid cascade hypothesis remains the leading theory in the pathophysiology of AD. This hypothesis states that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition triggers a chemical cascade of events leading to the development of AD dementia. The antemortem diagnosis of AD is still based on clinical parameters. Diagnostic procedures in AD include fluid-based biomarkers such as those present in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma or diagnostic imaging methods. Currently, the therapeutic armory available focuses on symptom control and is based on four pillars: pharmacological treatment where acetylcholinesterase inhibitors stand out; pharmacological treatment under investigation which includes drugs focused on the control of Aβ pathology and tau hyperphosphorylation; treatment focusing on risk factors such as diabetes; or nonpharmacological treatments aimed at preventing development of the disease or treating symptoms through occupational therapy or psychological help. AD remains a largely unknown disease. Further research is needed to identify new biomarkers and therapies that can prevent progression of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria García-Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Physiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (V.J.C.-R.)
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (V.J.C.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Pardo-Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria (INGESA), Primary Health Care, 51003 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Víctor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (V.J.C.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María Montiel-Troya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
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Peters R, Breitner J, James S, Jicha GA, Meyer P, Richards M, Smith AD, Yassine HN, Abner E, Hainsworth AH, Kehoe PG, Beckett N, Weber C, Anderson C, Anstey KJ, Dodge HH. Dementia risk reduction: why haven't the pharmacological risk reduction trials worked? An in-depth exploration of seven established risk factors. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12202. [PMID: 34934803 PMCID: PMC8655351 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the leading health and lifestyle factors for the risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease has yet to translate to risk reduction. To understand why, we examined the discrepancies between observational and clinical trial evidence for seven modifiable risk factors: type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, estrogens, inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Sample heterogeneity and paucity of intervention details (dose, timing, formulation) were common themes. Epidemiological evidence is more mature for some interventions (eg, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) than others. Trial data are promising for anti-hypertensives and B vitamin supplementation. Taken together, these risk factors highlight a future need for more targeted sample selection in clinical trials, a better understanding of interventions, and deeper analysis of existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Psychology University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Breitner
- Douglas Hospital Research Center and McGill UniversityQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Pierre‐Francois Meyer
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT‐AD)VerdunQuebecCanada
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. David Smith
- OPTIMADepartment of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Departments of Medicine and NeurologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Abner
- University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt GeorgesUniversity of LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologySt George's HospitalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Craig Anderson
- The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- Neuroscience ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Psychology University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Lynn J, Park M, Ogunwale C, Acquaah-Mensah GK. A Tale of Two Diseases: Exploring Mechanisms Linking Diabetes Mellitus with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:485-501. [PMID: 34842187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dementias, including the type associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), are on the rise worldwide. Similarly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Although mechanisms and treatments are well-established for T2DM, there remains much to be discovered. Recent research efforts have further investigated factors involved in the etiology of AD. Previously perceived to be unrelated diseases, commonalities between T2DM and AD have more recently been observed. As a result, AD has been labeled as "type 3 diabetes". In this review, we detail the shared processes that contribute to these two diseases. Insulin resistance, the main component of the pathogenesis of T2DM, is also present in AD, causing impaired brain glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Dysregulation of insulin receptors and components of the insulin signaling pathway, including protein kinase B, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and mammalian target of rapamycin are reported in both diseases. T2DM and AD also show evidence of inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, advanced glycation end products, and amyloid deposition. The impact that changes in neurovascular structure and genetics have on the development of these conditions is also being examined. With the discovery of factors contributing to AD, innovative treatment approaches are being explored. Investigators are evaluating the efficacy of various T2DM medications for possible use in AD, including but not limited to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. Furthermore, there are 136 active trials involving 121 therapeutic agents targeting novel AD biomarkers. With these efforts, we are one step closer to alleviating the ravaging impact of AD on our communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lynn
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS University)/Takeda Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical Industry Fellowship Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingi Park
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS University)/Takeda Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical Industry Fellowship Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - George K Acquaah-Mensah
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences (MCPHS University)/Takeda Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical Industry Fellowship Program, Boston, MA, USA
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Chakraborty A, Sami SA, Marma KKS. A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes are some of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among the aging populations and cause a heavy burden on the worldwide healthcare system. In this review, we briefly highlighted cellular inflammation-based pathways of diabetes mellitus and CVD through receptor for advanced glycation end products AGEs or RAGE leading to Alzheimer’s disease and interrelation between these vascular and metabolic disorders. The articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases using the following terms: Alzheimer’s; AGEs; RAGE; RAGE in Alzheimer’s; AGEs in Alzheimer’s; RAGE in diabetes; RAGE related pathways of CVD; RAGE in hypertension; RAGE and RAS system; RAGE and oxidative stress.
Main body of the abstract
AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Vascular complications like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis as well as metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes are related to the pathophysiology of AD. RAGE plays significant role in the onset and progression of AD. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are two main markers of AD that regulates via RAGE and other RAGE/ligands interactions which also induces oxidative stress and a cascade of other cellular inflammation pathways leading to AD. Though AD and diabetes are two different disorders but may be inter-linked by AGEs and RAGE. In long-term hyperglycemia, upregulated AGEs interacts with RAGE and produces reactive oxygen species which induces further inflammation and vascular complications. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, and inflammation are some of the main risk factors for both diabetes and dementia. Chronic hypertension and coronary artery disease disrupt the functions of the blood-brain barrier and are responsible for the accumulation of senile plaques and NFTs.
Short conclusion
RAGE plays a role in the etiology of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation, both of which contribute to cognitive impairment. So far, targeting RAGE may provide a potential sight to develop therapies against some metabolic disorders.
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Głombik K, Detka J, Budziszewska B. Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112937. [PMID: 34831160 PMCID: PMC8616269 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating adaptive mechanisms necessary to withstand and react to changes in internal and external conditions by regulating neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and metabolic activity of the brain. The influence of hormones on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the brain has gained much attention since mitochondrial dysfunctions are observed in many different pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Moreover, excess or deficiency of hormones is associated with cell damage and loss of function in mitochondria. This review aims to expound on the impact of hormones (GLP-1, insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids) on metabolic processes in the brain with special emphasis on oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation, which may contribute to the formation of pathological changes. Since the brain concentrations of sex hormones and neurosteroids decrease with age as well as in neurodegenerative diseases, in parallel with the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the weakening of cognitive functions, their beneficial effects on oxidative phosphorylation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-33-94
| | - Jan Detka
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.D.); (B.B.)
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Oliveira WH, Braga CF, Lós DB, Araújo SMR, França MR, Duarte-Silva E, Rodrigues GB, Rocha SWS, Peixoto CA. Metformin prevents p-tau and amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in diabetic mice. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2821-2839. [PMID: 34283253 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin deficiency or resistance can promote dementia and hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The formation of neurofibrillary tangles of p-TAU protein, extracellular Aβ plaques, and neuronal loss is related to the switching off insulin signaling in cognition brain areas. Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic drug used worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some studies have demonstrated that metformin exerts neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and nootropic effects. This study aimed to evaluate metformin's effects on long-term memory and p-Tau and amyloid β modulation, which are hallmarks of AD in diabetic mice. Swiss Webster mice were distributed in the following experimental groups: control; treated with streptozotocin (STZ) that is an agent toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells; STZ + metformin 200 mg/kg (M200). STZ mice showed significant augmentation of time spent to reach the target box in the Barnes maze, while M200 mice showed a significant time reduction. Moreover, the M200 group showed reduced GFAP immunoreactivity in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 compared with the STZ group. STZ mice showed high p-Tau levels, reduced p-CREB, and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque in hippocampal areas and corpus callosum. In contrast, all these changes were reversed in the M200 group. Protein expressions of p-Tau, p-ERK, pGSK3, iNOS, nNOS, PARP, Cytochrome c, caspase 3, and GluN2A were increased in the parietal cortex of STZ mice and significantly counteracted in M200 mice. Moreover, M200 mice also showed significantly high levels of eNOS, AMPK, and p-AKT expression. In conclusion, metformin improved spatial memory in diabetic mice, which can be associated with reducing p-Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque load and inhibition of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Helena Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.,Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Figueiredo Braga
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/Northeast Network in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Shyrlene Meiry Rocha Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil
| | - MariaEduarda Rocha França
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.,Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/Northeast Network in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barros Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.,Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sura Wanessa Santos Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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50
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Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060867. [PMID: 34200812 PMCID: PMC8230511 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder which affects the motor neurons. Growing evidence suggests that ALS may impact the metabolic system, including the glucose metabolism. Several studies investigated the role of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as risk and/or prognostic factor. However, a clear correlation between DM and ALS has not been defined. In this review, we focus on the role of DM in ALS, examining the different hypotheses on how perturbations of glucose metabolism may interact with the pathophysiology and the course of ALS. METHODS We undertook an independent PubMed literature search, using the following search terms: ((ALS) OR (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) OR (Motor Neuron Disease)) AND ((Diabetes) OR (Glucose Intolerance) OR (Hyperglycemia)). Review and original articles were considered. RESULTS DM appears not to affect ALS severity, progression, and survival. Contrasting data suggested a protective role of DM on the occurrence of ALS in elderly and an opposite effect in younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS The actual clinical and pathophysiological correlation between DM and ALS is unclear. Large longitudinal prospective studies are needed. Achieving large sample sizes comparable to those of common complex diseases like DM is a challenge for a rare disease like ALS. Collaborative efforts could overcome this specific issue.
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