1
|
Wu B, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu L, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Peng W. Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer's disease: insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:695-714. [PMID: 38886936 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the primary cause of dementia, is characterized by neuropathologies, such as amyloid plaques, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangles. Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Notably, impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Yangsheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jing R, Mu L, Wang C, Liu L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Yin H, Hu Y. KaiXinSan improves learning and memory impairment by regulating cholesterol homeostasis in mice overloaded with 27-OHC. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 245:106622. [PMID: 39326716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol and its oxidative products-oxysterols homeostasis- play a crucial role in maintaining cognitive function. Chinese medicine KaiXinSan (KXS) has demonstrated effectiveness in treating mental illness and regulating cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this article is to explore whether the KXS can enhance cognitive function by regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Employing the 27-hydroxy cholesterol (27-OHC) induced mice model of cognitive dysfunction and coculture model of assessment neurocyte damage, we investigated learning and memory abilities while concurrently addressing the reduction of neuronal cell damage through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. 21 days of KXS treatment improved the learning and memory ability in mice 27-OHC-overloading by alleviating the exacerbated deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), reducing inflammatory reactions, and mitigating synaptic plasticity damage. Additionally, it repaired myelin sheath function. More importantly, KXS significantly affects the metabolism of central cholesterol by substantially inhibiting the expression of liver X receptor (LXR), ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1, ABCG1), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and upregulated cytochrome P450 46A1(CYP46A1). Furthermore, KXS may alleviate 27-OHC-induced neuronal inflammation and apoptosis by promoting the conversion of cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) via CYP46A1 and suppressing cholesterol release from astrocyte cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that KXS can prevent learning and memory impairments induced by 27-OHC loading. This effect may be related to its multitarget capability in promoting the conversion of excessive cholesterol to 24-OHC and maintaining a balance in cholesterol homeostasis and metabolism between neurons and astrocyte cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lihua Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chandramouli A, Kamat SS. A Facile LC-MS Method for Profiling Cholesterol and Cholesteryl Esters in Mammalian Cells and Tissues. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2300-2309. [PMID: 38986142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is central to mammalian lipid metabolism and serves many critical functions in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Dysregulation in cholesterol metabolism is causally linked to numerous human diseases, and therefore, in vivo, the concentrations and flux of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters (fatty acid esters of cholesterol) are tightly regulated. While mass spectrometry has been an analytical method of choice for detecting cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in biological samples, the hydrophobicity, chemically inert nature, and poor ionization of these neutral lipids have often proved a challenge in developing lipidomics compatible liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to study them. To overcome this problem, here, we report a reverse-phase LC-MS method that is compatible with existing high-throughput lipidomics strategies and capable of identifying and quantifying cholesterol and cholesteryl esters from mammalian cells and tissues. Using this sensitive yet robust LC-MS method, we profiled different mammalian cell lines and tissues and provide a comprehensive picture of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters content in them. Specifically, among cholesteryl esters, we find that mammalian cells and tissues largely possess monounsaturated and polyunsaturated variants. Taken together, our lipidomics compatible LC-MS method to study this lipid class opens new avenues in understanding systemic and tissue-level cholesterol metabolism under various physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Chandramouli
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao Y, Zhao LW, Chen ZX, Li SH. New insights in lipid metabolism: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1430465. [PMID: 39323915 PMCID: PMC11422391 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1430465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as being intertwined with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Lipids are a significant class of nutrients vital to all organisms, playing crucial roles in cellular structure, energy storage, and signaling. Alterations in the levels of various lipids in AD brains and dysregulation of lipid pathways and transportation have been implicated in AD pathogenesis. Clinically, evidence for a high-fat diet firmly links disrupted lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, although contradictory findings warrant further exploration. In view of the significance of various lipids in brain physiology, the discovery of complex and diverse mechanisms that connect lipid metabolism with AD-related pathophysiology will bring new hope for patients with AD, underscoring the importance of lipid metabolism in AD pathophysiology, and promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Specifically, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids have been shown to influence amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are hallmarks of AD pathology. Recent studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic targets within lipid metabolism, such as enhancing apolipoprotein E lipidation, activating liver X receptors and retinoid X receptors, and modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the efficacy of these strategies, including the use of ketogenic diets, statin therapy, and novel compounds like NE3107. The implications of these findings suggest that targeting lipid metabolism could offer new avenues for the treatment and management of AD. By concentrating on alterations in lipid metabolism within the central nervous system and their contribution to AD development, this review aims to shed light on novel research directions and treatment approaches for combating AD, offering hope for the development of more effective management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin-Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gray SM, Dai J, Smith AC, Beckley JT, Rahmati N, Lewis MC, Quirk MC. Changes in 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol Are Associated with Cognitive Performance in Early Huntington's Disease: Data from the TRACK and ENROLL HD Cohorts. J Huntingtons Dis 2024:JHD240030. [PMID: 39269850 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-240030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Background There is evidence for dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis in Huntington's disease (HD). The brain-specific cholesterol metabolite 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-OHC) is decreased in manifest HD. 24(S)-OHC is an endogenous positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, suggesting lower 24(S)-OHC may contribute to NMDA receptor hypofunction in HD. We hypothesized changes in 24(S)-OHC would be associated with cognitive impairment in early HD. Objective To determine the interactions between oxysterols (24(S)-OHC, 25-OHC, and 27-OHC) at the NMDA receptor, the plasma levels of these oxysterols, and how these levels relate to cognitive performance. Methods An in vitro competition assay was used to evaluate interactions at the NMDA receptor, liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure plasma 24(S)-OHC, 25-OHC, and 27-OHC levels, and correlation analyses investigated their relationship to performance on cognitive endpoints in TRACK and ENROLL-HD (NCT01574053). Results In vitro, 25-OHC and 27-OHC attenuated the PAM activity of 24(S)-OHC on the NMDA receptor. Lower plasma 24(S)-OHC levels and 24(S)/25-OHC ratios were detected in participants with early HD. Moderate and consistent associations were detected between plasma 24(S)/25-OHC ratio and performance on Stroop color naming, symbol digit modality, Trails A/B, and emotion recognition. Little association was observed between the ratio and psychiatric or motor endpoints, suggesting specificity for the relationship to cognitive performance. Conclusions Our findings support growing evidence for dysregulated CNS cholesterol homeostasis in HD, demonstrate a relationship between changes in oxysterols and cognitive performance in HD, and propose that NMDA receptor hypofunction may contribute to cognitive impairment in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Dai
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Susekov AV. [Rationale for Increasing Doses of Statins in Everyday Clinical Practice]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2024; 64:79-88. [PMID: 39262357 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.8.n2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were discovered in the early 1970s in Japan and were originally used to treat patients with hereditary hyperlipidemia. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, clinical trials using statins for primary and secondary prevention showed the possibility of reducing cardiovascular (CV) and, in some cases, all-cause mortality. Intensive statin therapy (atorvastatin 80 mg/day and rosuvastatin 40 mg/day) compared to initial doses provides an additional 16% reduction in CV complications. Regression studies with the original rosuvastatin using intracoronary ultrasound and other modern methods have shown the possibility of stabilization and regression of atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries. High-dose statin therapy is generally well tolerated; the incidence of clinically significant adverse liver reactions does not exceed 2-3 per 100,000 people, and the incidence of myopathies with increased creatine kinase over 10 upper limits of normal is not higher than 1 per 10,000 people per year. Long-term statin treatment does not increase the risk of dementia and, in some studies, reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Achieving target levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in routine practice does not exceed 5-11%; one of the main reasons for that is the rare (2-3%) prescription of high doses of statins. Increasing statin doses in routine clinical practice will optimize the treatment of patients with high CV risk and will contribute to further reduction of mortality in our country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Susekov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Wang L, Wang X, Deng L, He B, Yi X, Li J. Mangiferin alleviated poststroke cognitive impairment by modulating lipid metabolism in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176724. [PMID: 38851559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mangiferin is a Chinese herbal extract with multiple biological activities. Mangiferin can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier and has potential in the treatment of nervous system diseases. These findings suggest that mangiferin protects the neurological function in ischemic stroke rats by targeting multiple signaling pathways. However, little is known about the effect and mechanism of mangiferin in alleviating poststroke cognitive impairment. METHODS Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats were generated via middle cerebral artery occlusion. Laser speckle imaging was used to monitor the cerebral blood flow. The I/R rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 40 mg/kg mangiferin for 7 consecutive days. Neurological scoring, and TTC staining were performed to evaluate neurological function. Behavioral experiments, including the open field test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, and novel object recognition test, were performed to evaluate cognitive function. Metabolomic data from brain tissue with multivariate statistics were analyzed by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mangiferin markedly decreased neurological scores, and reduced infarct areas. Mangiferin significantly attenuated anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and enhanced learning and memory in I/R rats. According to the metabolomics results, 13 metabolites were identified to be potentially regulated by mangiferin, and the differentially abundant metabolites were mainly involved in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Mangiferin protected neurological function and relieved poststroke cognitive impairment by improving lipid metabolism abnormalities in I/R rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China; The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Laifa Wang
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China; The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China.
| | - Xia Yi
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China; The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye S, Ma S, Liu S, Huang Y, Li D, Li M, Su T, Luo J, Zhang C, Shi D, Hu L, Zhang L, Yu H, He M, Shang X, Zhang X. Shared whole environmental etiology between Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:36. [PMID: 39103390 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been established in clinical and genetic studies. There is growing interest in determining the shared environmental factors associated with both conditions. Recent advancements in record linkage techniques enable us to identify the contributing factors to AD and AMD from a wide range of variables. As such, we first constructed a knowledge graph based on the literature, which included all statistically significant risk factors for AD and AMD. An environment-wide association study (EWAS) was conducted to assess the contribution of various environmental factors to the comorbidity of AD and AMD based on the UK biobank. Based on the conditional Q-Q plots and Bayesian algorithm, several shared environmental factors were identified, which could be categorized into the domains of health condition, biological sample parameters, body index, and attendance availability. Finally, we generated a shared etiology landscape for AD and AMD by combining existing knowledge with our novel findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siting Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Ma
- Clinical Data Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ethicon Minimally Invasive Procedures and Advanced Energy, Johnson & Johnson Medical (Shanghai) Device Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunming Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Su
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Danli Shi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianting Hu
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu L, Xu J, Huang X, Wang Y, Ma X, Wang X, Liu Y, Ren X, Li J, Wang Y, Zhou S, Yuan L. DHA dietary intervention caused different hippocampal lipid and protein profile in ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117088. [PMID: 38971007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in protein and lipid levels may occur in the Alzheimer's disease brain, and DHA can have beneficial effects on it. To investigate the impact of DHA dietary intervention on brain protein and lipid profile in ApoE-/- mice and C57 mice. METHOD Three-month-old ApoE-/- mice and C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups respectively, and fed with control diet and DHA-fortified diet for five months. Cortical TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels and cholesterol metabolism-related protein expression were measured by ELISA or immunohistochemistry methods. Hippocampus were collected for proteomic and lipidomics analysis by LC-MS/MS and differential proteins and lipid metabolites were screened and further analyzed by GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS DHA intervention decreased cortical TC level in both C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), but caused different change of cortical HDL-C, LDL-C level and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). Discrepant cortical and hippocampal LDLR, ABCG1, Lox1 and SORT1 protein expression was found between C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), and DHA treatment caused different changes of these proteins in C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). Differential hippocampal proteins and lipids profile were found in C57 and ApoE-/- mice before and after DHA treatment, which were mainly involved in vesicular transport and phospholipid metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION ApoE genetic defect caused abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and affected protein and lipid profile, as well as discrepant response of hippocampal protein and lipids profile in the brain of mice given DHA fortified diet intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Xixiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Xiuwen Ren
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Yueyong Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Linhong Yuan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shin KC, Ali Moussa HY, Park Y. Cholesterol imbalance and neurotransmission defects in neurodegeneration. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1685-1690. [PMID: 39085348 PMCID: PMC11371908 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain contains the highest concentration of cholesterol in the human body, which emphasizes the importance of cholesterol in brain physiology. Cholesterol is involved in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and age-related reductions in cholesterol levels can lead to synaptic loss and impaired synaptic plasticity, which potentially contribute to neurodegeneration. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis in the neuronal plasma membrane is essential for normal brain function, and imbalances in cholesterol distribution are associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. This review aims to explore the molecular and pathological mechanisms by which cholesterol imbalance can lead to neurotransmission defects and neurodegeneration, focusing on four key mechanisms: (1) synaptic dysfunction, (2) alterations in membrane structure and protein clustering, (3) oligomers of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, and (4) α-synuclein aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houda Yasmine Ali Moussa
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi R, Li Y, Zhu W, Xin H, Yang H, Feng X, Wang Z, Li S, Cong B, Shi W. The Regulation of Frontal Cortex Cholesterol Metabolism Abnormalities by NR3C1/NRIP1/NR1H2 Is Involved in the Occurrence of Stress-Induced Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8075. [PMID: 39125645 PMCID: PMC11311262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced alterations in central neuron metabolism and function are crucial contributors to depression onset. However, the metabolic dysfunctions of the neurons associated with depression and specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study initially analyzed the relationship between cholesterol and depression using the NHANES database. We then induced depressive-like behaviors in mice via restraint stress. Applying bioinformatics, pathology, and molecular biology, we observed the pathological characteristics of brain cholesterol homeostasis and investigated the regulatory mechanisms of brain cholesterol metabolism disorders. Through the NHANES database, we initially confirmed a significant correlation between cholesterol metabolism abnormalities and depression. Furthermore, based on successful stress mouse model establishment, we discovered the number of cholesterol-related DEGs significantly increased in the brain due to stress, and exhibited regional heterogeneity. Further investigation of the frontal cortex, a brain region closely related to depression, revealed stress caused significant disruption to key genes related to cholesterol metabolism, including HMGCR, CYP46A1, ACAT1, APOE, ABCA1, and LDLR, leading to an increase in total cholesterol content and a significant decrease in synaptic proteins PSD-95 and SYN. This indicates cholesterol metabolism affects neuronal synaptic plasticity and is associated with stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Adeno-associated virus interference with NR3C1 in the prefrontal cortex of mice subjected to short-term stress resulted in reduced protein levels of NRIP1, NR1H2, ABCA1, and total cholesterol content. At the same time, it increased synaptic proteins PSD95 and SYN, effectively alleviating depressive-like behavior. Therefore, these results suggest that short-term stress may induce cholesterol metabolism disorders by activating the NR3C1/NRIP1/NR1H2 signaling pathway. This impairs neuronal synaptic plasticity and consequently participates in depressive-like behavior in mice. These findings suggest that abnormal cholesterol metabolism in the brain induced by stress is a significant contributor to depression onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Cong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (R.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (H.X.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (Z.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Weibo Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (R.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (H.X.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (Z.W.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He K, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Li D, Wang S, Liu Q. Cholesterol Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38842175 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the brain, where it is highly concentrated and tightly regulated to support normal brain functions. It serves as a vital component of cell membranes, ensuring their integrity, and acts as a key regulator of various brain processes. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain has been linked to impaired brain function and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Recent Advances: A significant advancement has been the identification of astrocyte-derived apoliprotein E as a key regulator of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in neurons, providing insights into how extracellular signals influence neuronal cholesterol levels. In addition, the development of antibody-based therapies, particularly for AD, presents promising opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Critical Issues: Despite significant research, the association between cholesterol and neurodegenerative diseases remains inconclusive. It is crucial to distinguish between plasma cholesterol and brain cholesterol, as these pools are relatively independent. This differentiation should be considered when evaluating statin-based treatment approaches. Furthermore, assessing not only the total cholesterol content in the brain but also its distribution among different types of brain cells is essential. Future Direction: Establishing a causal link between changes in brain/plasma cholesterol levels and the onset of brain dysfunction/neurodegenerative diseases remains a key objective. In addition, conducting cell-specific analyses of cholesterol homeostasis in various types of brain cells under pathological conditions will enhance our understanding of cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulating cholesterol levels to restore homeostasis may represent a novel approach for alleviating neurological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang X, Wang B, Luo Y, Ding CF, Yan Y. An amino-rich polymer-coated magnetic nanomaterial for ultra-rapid separation of phosphorylated peptides in the serum of Parkinson's disease patients. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3361-3371. [PMID: 38607383 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of disease pathogenesis can be achieved by analyzing the low-abundance phosphopeptides in organisms. Herein, we developed a novel and easy-to-prepare polymer-coated nanomaterial. By improving the hydrophilicity and spatial conformation of the material, we effectively enhanced the adsorption of phosphopeptides and demonstrated excellent enrichment properties. The material was able to successfully enrich the phosphopeptides in only 1 min. Meanwhile, the material has high selectivity (1:2000), good loading capacity (100 μg/mg), excellent sensitivity (0.5 fmol), and great acid and alkali resistance. In addition, the material was applied to real samples, and 70 phosphopeptides were enriched from the serum of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 67 phosphopeptides were enriched from the serum of normal controls. Sequences Logo showed that PD is probably associated with threonine, glutamate, serine, and glutamine. Finally, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed on phosphopeptides enriched in PD patients' serum. The results showed that PD patients expressed abnormal expression of the cholesterol metabolic process and cell-matrix adhesion in the biological process (BP), endoplasmic reticulum and lipoprotein in the cellular component (CC), and heparin-binding, lipid-binding, and receptor-binding in the molecular function (MF) as compared with normal individuals. All the experiments indicate that the nanomaterials have great potential in proteomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yasamineh S, Mehrabani FJ, Derafsh E, Danihiel Cosimi R, Forood AMK, Soltani S, Hadi M, Gholizadeh O. Potential Use of the Cholesterol Transfer Inhibitor U18666A as a Potent Research Tool for the Study of Cholesterol Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3503-3527. [PMID: 37995080 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes and a precursor for crucial signaling molecules. The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body, and abnormal cholesterol metabolism links to many neurodegenerative disorders. The results indicate that faulty cholesterol metabolism is a common feature among people living with neurodegenerative conditions. The researchers suggest that restoring cholesterol levels may become a beneficial new strategy in treating certain neurodegenerative conditions. Several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, and Parkinson's disease (PD), have been connected to abnormalities in brain cholesterol metabolism. Consequently, using a lipid research tool is vital to study further and understand the effect of lipids in neurodegenerative disorders such as NPC, AD, PD, and Huntington's disease (HD). U18666A, also known as 3-(2-(diethylamino) ethoxy) androst-5-en-17-one, is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses cholesterol trafficking and is a well-known class-2 amphiphile. U18666A has performed many functions, allowing for essential discoveries in lipid studies and shedding light on the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, U18666A prevented the downregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that are induced by LDL and led to the buildup of cholesterol in lysosomes. Numerous studies show that U18666A impacts the function of cholesterol trafficking to control the metabolism and transport of amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). Treating cortical neurons with U18666A may provide a new in vitro model system for studying the underlying molecular process of NPC, AD, HD, and PD. In this article, we review the mechanism and function of U18666A as a vital tool for studying cholesterol mechanisms in neurological diseases related to abnormal cholesterol metabolism, such as AD, NPC, HD, and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ehsan Derafsh
- Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | | | - Siamak Soltani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meead Hadi
- Department Of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang X, Xue Z, Zhang D, Lee HJ. Pinpointing Fat Molecules: Advances in Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy for Lipid Metabolism. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7945-7958. [PMID: 38700460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zexin Xue
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loix M, Zelcer N, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. The ubiquitous role of ubiquitination in lipid metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:416-429. [PMID: 37770289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential molecules that play key roles in cell physiology by serving as structural components, for storage of energy, and in signal transduction. Hence, efficient regulation and maintenance of lipid homeostasis are crucial for normal cellular and tissue function. In the past decade, increasing research has shown the importance of ubiquitination in regulating the stability of key players in different aspects of lipid metabolism. This review describes recent insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism by ubiquitin signaling, discusses how ubiquitination can be targeted in diseases characterized by lipid dysregulation, and identifies areas that require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Loix
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim JB, Kim SJ, So M, Kim DK, Noh HR, Kim BJ, Choi YR, Kim D, Koo H, Kim T, Woo HG, Park SM. Artificial intelligence-driven drug repositioning uncovers efavirenz as a modulator of α-synuclein propagation: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116442. [PMID: 38513596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear etiology. Despite significant research efforts, developing disease-modifying treatments for PD remains a major unmet medical need. Notably, drug repositioning is becoming an increasingly attractive direction in drug discovery, and computational approaches offer a relatively quick and resource-saving method for identifying testable hypotheses that promote drug repositioning. We used an artificial intelligence (AI)-based drug repositioning strategy to screen an extensive compound library and identify potential therapeutic agents for PD. Our AI-driven analysis revealed that efavirenz and nevirapine, approved for treating human immunodeficiency virus infection, had distinct profiles, suggesting their potential effects on PD pathophysiology. Among these, efavirenz attenuated α-synuclein (α-syn) propagation and associated neuroinflammation in the brain of preformed α-syn fibrils-injected A53T α-syn Tg mice and α-syn propagation and associated behavioral changes in the C. elegans BiFC model. Through in-depth molecular investigations, we found that efavirenz can modulate cholesterol metabolism and mitigate α-syn propagation, a key pathological feature implicated in PD progression by regulating CYP46A1. This study opens new avenues for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying PD pathology and the exploration of additional drug candidates using advanced computational methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Rin Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Doyoon Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maniscalchi A, Benzi Juncos ON, Conde MA, Funk MI, Fermento ME, Facchinetti MM, Curino AC, Uranga RM, Alza NP, Salvador GA. New insights on neurodegeneration triggered by iron accumulation: Intersections with neutral lipid metabolism, ferroptosis, and motor impairment. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103074. [PMID: 38367511 PMCID: PMC10879836 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain iron accumulation constitutes a pathognomonic indicator in several neurodegenerative disorders. Metal accumulation associated with dopaminergic neuronal death has been documented in Parkinson's disease. Through the use of in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrated that lipid dysregulation manifests as a neuronal and glial response during iron overload. In this study, we show that cholesterol content and triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis were strongly elevated in mice midbrain. Lipid cacostasis was concomitant with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, astrogliosis and elevated expression of α-synuclein. Exacerbated lipid peroxidation and markers of ferroptosis were evident in the midbrain from mice challenged with iron overload. An imbalance in the activity of lipolytic and acylation enzymes was identified, favoring neutral lipid hydrolysis, and consequently reducing TAG and cholesteryl ester levels. Notably, these observed alterations were accompanied by motor impairment in iron-treated mice. In addition, neuronal and glial cultures along with their secretomes were used to gain further insight into the mechanism underlying TAG hydrolysis and cholesterol accumulation as cellular responses to iron accumulation. We demonstrated that TAG hydrolysis in neurons is triggered by astrocyte secretomes. Moreover, we found that the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1, effectively prevents cholesterol accumulation both in neurons and astrocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that lipid disturbances occur in iron-overloaded mice as a consequence of iron-induced oxidative stress and depend on neuron-glia crosstalk. Our findings suggest that developing therapies aimed at restoring lipid homeostasis may lead to specific treatment for neurodegeneration associated with ferroptosis and brain iron accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Maniscalchi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Oriana N Benzi Juncos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Melisa A Conde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Melania I Funk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María E Fermento
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María M Facchinetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandro C Curino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Romina M Uranga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Natalia P Alza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química - UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Salvador
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km7 B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Staurenghi E, Testa G, Leoni V, Cecci R, Floro L, Giannelli S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Gamba P. Altered Brain Cholesterol Machinery in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model: A Possible Common Feature with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:435. [PMID: 38671883 PMCID: PMC11047305 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a complex chromosomal disorder considered as a genetically determined form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis is essential for brain functioning and development, and its dysregulation is associated with AD neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. Brain cholesterol imbalances also likely occur in DS, concurring with the precocious AD-like neurodegeneration. In this pilot study, we analyzed, in the brain of the Ts2Cje (Ts2) mouse model of DS, the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism and of the levels of cholesterol and its main precursors and products of its metabolism (i.e., oxysterols). The results showed, in Ts2 mice compared to euploid mice, the downregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the latter originally recognized as an indicator of AD, and the consequent reduction in total cholesterol levels. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for brain cholesterol oxidation and the amounts of the resulting oxysterols were modified in Ts2 mouse brains, and the levels of cholesterol autoxidation products were increased, suggesting an exacerbation of cerebral oxidative stress. We also observed an enhanced inflammatory response in Ts2 mice, underlined by the upregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding for α-interferon and interleukin-6, two cytokines whose synthesis is increased in the brains of AD patients. Overall, these results suggest that DS and AD brains share cholesterol cycle derangements and altered oxysterol levels, which may contribute to the oxidative and inflammatory events involved in both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20832 Desio, Italy;
| | - Rebecca Cecci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Lucrezia Floro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Serena Giannelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pasqualotto A, da Silva V, Pellenz FM, Schuh AFS, Schwartz IVD, Siebert M. Identification of metabolic pathways and key genes associated with atypical parkinsonism using a systems biology approach. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:577-587. [PMID: 38305999 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Atypical parkinsonism (AP) is a group of complex neurodegenerative disorders with marked clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. The use of systems biology tools may contribute to the characterization of hub-bottleneck genes, and the identification of its biological pathways to broaden the understanding of the bases of these disorders. A systematic search was performed on the DisGeNET database, which integrates data from expert curated repositories, GWAS catalogues, animal models and the scientific literature. The tools STRING 11.0 and Cytoscape 3.8.2 were used for analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The PPI network topography analyses were performed using the CytoHubba 0.1 plugin for Cytoscape. The hub and bottleneck genes were inserted into 4 different sets on the InteractiveVenn. Additional functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology for a described set of genes. The systematic search in the DisGeNET database identified 485 genes involved with Atypical Parkinsonism. Superimposing these genes, we detected a total of 31 hub-bottleneck genes. Moreover, our functional enrichment analyses demonstrated the involvement of these hub-bottleneck genes in 3 major KEGG pathways. We identified 31 highly interconnected hub-bottleneck genes through a systems biology approach, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of atypical parkinsonism. The functional enrichment analyses showed that these genes are involved in several biological processes and pathways, such as the glial cell development, glial cell activation and cognition, pathways were related to Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. As a hypothesis, we highlight as possible key genes for AP the MAPT (microtubule associated protein tau), APOE (apolipoprotein E), SNCA (synuclein alpha) and APP (amyloid beta precursor protein) genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pasqualotto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, -Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Artur Francisco Schumacher Schuh
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departatamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marina Siebert
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Unit of Laboratorial Research, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beckley JT, Aman TK, Ackley MA, Kazdoba TM, Lewis MC, Smith AC, Farley BJ, Dai J, Deats W, Hoffmann E, Robichaud AJ, Doherty JJ, Quirk MC. Pharmacological characterization of SAGE-718, a novel positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1028-1050. [PMID: 37698384 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Select neuroactive steroids tune neural activity by modulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, including the endogenous cholesterol metabolite 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-HC), which is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). NMDA receptor PAMs are potentially an effective pharmacotherapeutic strategy to treat conditions associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological recording experiments and behavioural approaches, we evaluated the effect of SAGE-718, a novel neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor PAM currently in clinical development for the treatment of cognitive impairment, on NMDA receptor function and endpoints that are altered by NMDA receptor hypoactivity and assessed its safety profile. KEY RESULTS SAGE-718 potentiated GluN1/GluN2A-D NMDA receptors with equipotency and increased NMDA receptor excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude without affecting decay kinetics in striatal medium spiny neurons. SAGE-718 increased the rate of unblock of the NMDA receptor open channel blocker ketamine on GluN1/GluN2A in vitro and accelerated the rate of return on the ketamine-evoked increase in gamma frequency band power, as measured with electroencephalogram (EEG), suggesting that PAM activity is driven by increased channel open probability. SAGE-718 ameliorated deficits due to NMDA receptor hypofunction, including social deficits induced by subchronic administration of phencyclidine, and behavioural and electrophysiological deficits from cholesterol and 24(S)-HC depletion caused by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase inhibition. Finally, SAGE-718 did not produce epileptiform activity in a seizure model or neurodegeneration following chronic dosing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings provide strong evidence that SAGE-718 is a neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor PAM with a mechanism that is well suited as a treatment for conditions associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa K Aman
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne C Smith
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jing Dai
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wayne Deats
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hao Z, Wang J, Lv Y, Wu W, Zhang S, Hao S, Chu J, Wan H, Feng J, Ji N. Identification of MGMT promoter methylation as a specific lipid metabolism biomarker, reveals the feasibility of atorvastatin application in glioblastoma. Metabolism 2024; 153:155794. [PMID: 38301843 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest tumors, and limited improvement in managing glioblastoma has been achieved in the past decades. The unmethylated promoter area of 6-O-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) is a significant biomarker for recognizing a subset of glioblastoma that is resistant to chemotherapy. Here we identified MGMT methylation can also work as a specific biomarker to classify the lipid metabolism patterns between methylated and unmethylated glioblastoma and verify the potential novel therapeutic strategy for unmethylated MGMT glioblastoma. METHODS Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer has been applied for non-targeted metabolome and targeted lipidomic profiling to explore the metabolism pattern correlated with MGMT promoter methylation. Transcriptome has been performed to explore the biological differences and the potential mechanism of lipid metabolism in glioblastoma samples. In vivo and ex vivo assays were performed to verify the anti-tumor activity of atorvastatin in the administration of glioblastoma. RESULTS Multi-omics assay has described a significant difference in lipid metabolism between MGMT methylated and unmethylated glioblastoma. Longer and unsaturated fatty acyls were found enriched in MGMT-UM tumors. Lipid droplets have been revealed remarkably decreased in MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma. In vivo and ex vivo assays revealed that atorvastatin and also together with temozolomide showed significant anti-tumor activity, and atorvastatin alone was able to achieve better survival and living conditions for tumor-hosting mice. CONCLUSIONS MGMT promoter methylation status might be a well-performed biomarker of lipid metabolism in glioblastoma. The current study can be the basis of further mechanism studies and implementation of clinical trials, and the results provide preclinical evidence of atorvastatin administration in glioblastoma, especially for MGMT unmethylated tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junsheng Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo X, Yu J, Wang R, Peng N, Li R. Deciphering the effect of phytosterols on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: the mediating role of lipid profiles. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:53. [PMID: 38461353 PMCID: PMC10924343 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that blood circulating phytosterols, plant-derived sterols analogous to cholesterol, were associated with blood lipid levels and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This Mendelian randomization (MR) study is performed to determine the causal effect of circulating phytosterols on AD and PD and evaluate the mediation effect of blood lipids. METHODS Leveraging genome-wide association studies summary-level data for phytosterols, blood lipids, AD, and PD, univariable and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were conducted. Four types of phytosterols (brassicasterol, campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol), three blood lipids parameters (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C, and triglyceride), two datasets for AD and PD were used. Inverse-variance weighted method was applied as the primary analysis, and false discovery rate method was used for adjustment of multiple comparisons. RESULTS Using the largest AD dataset, genetically proxied higher levels of stigmasterol (OR = 0.593, 95%CI = 0.431-0.817, P = 0.004) and sitosterol (OR = 0.864, 95%CI = 0.791-0.943, P = 0.004) significantly correlated with a lower risk of AD. No significant associations were observed between all four types of phytosterols levels and PD. MVMR estimates showed that the above causal associations were missing after integrating the blood lipids as exposures. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations, with no evidence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The study supports a potential beneficial role of blood stigmasterol and sitosterol in reducing the risk of AD, but not PD, which is dependent on modulating blood lipids. These insights highlight circulating stigmasterol and sitosterol as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ning Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu L, Peng Z, Bai G, Fu H, Tan DJ, Wang J, Li W, Cao Z, Huang G, Liu F, Xie Y, Lin L, Sun J, Gao L, Chen Y, Zhu R, Mao J. Lipidomic profiles in serum and urine in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117804. [PMID: 38316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) accounts for approximately 80% of cases of nephrotic syndrome. The involvement of aberrant lipid metabolism in early SSNS is poorly understood, warranting further investigation. This study aimed to explore alterations in lipid metabolism associated with SSNS pathogenesis. METHODS A screening cohort containing serum (50 SSNS, 37 controls) and urine samples (27 SSNS, 26 controls) was analyzed by untargeted lipidomic profiling using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Then, a validation cohort (20 SSNS, 56 controls) underwent further analysis to check the potential clinical application by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS Lipidomic profiling of serum and urine samples revealed significant lipid alterations in SSNS patients, with the alterations in the serum samples being more significant. An elevated concentration of PE and PG and downregulated concentration of FA were observed in SSNS serum. A total of 38 dysregulated lipids and 5 lipid metabolic pathways were identified in the serum samples in SSNS patients. Validation in the second cohort confirmed differential regulation of nine kinds of lipids, including 5 up-regulated substances [SM d33:2 (m/z = 686.5361), SHexCer d34:1 (m/z = 779.521), PI 20:4_22:4 (m/z = 934.5558), Cer_NS d18:1_23:0 (m/z = 635.6216), and GM3 d36:1 (m/z = 1180.7431)], as well as 4 down-regulated substances: [CE 18:1 (m/z = 650.601), PE 38:6 (m/z = 763.5205), PC 17:0_20:4 (m/z = 795.5868) and EtherPC 16:2e_20:4 (m/z = 763.5498)]. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted lipidomic analysis successfully identified specific lipid class changes in patients with SSNS, providing a deeper understanding of lipid alterations and underlying mechanisms associated with SSNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danny Junyi Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongkai Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingmiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Langping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruihan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hernández-Cáceres MP, Pinto-Nuñez D, Rivera P, Burgos P, Díaz-Castro F, Criollo A, Yañez MJ, Morselli E. Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:264-271. [PMID: 37488876 PMCID: PMC10503597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is, after the adipose tissue, the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human body. In neurons, lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium, a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development. A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established; however, its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely known. In this review, we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in neurons. Then we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy, in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions, specifically focusing on neurons, an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment, energy homeostasis, and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Pinto-Nuñez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Yañez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Zeng F, Huang C, Pu Q, Thomas ER, Chen Y, Li X. The potential role of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14411. [PMID: 37577934 PMCID: PMC10848100 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which can cause progressive deterioration of motor function causing muscle stiffness, tremor, and bradykinesia. In this review, we hope to describe approaches that can improve the life of PD patients through modifications of energy metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS The main pathological features of PD are the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the production of Lewy bodies. Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) leading to the formation of Lewy bodies is closely associated with neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The main causes of PD are said to be mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregation. Presence of abnormal energy metabolism is another cause of PD. Many studies have found significant differences between neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic decompensation, which has become a biological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY In this review, we highlight the relationship between abnormal energy metabolism (Glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and PD. Improvement of key molecules in glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, and amino acid metabolism (e.g., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, and levodopa) might be potentially beneficial in PD. Some of these metabolic indicators may serve well during the diagnosis of PD. In addition, modulation of these metabolic pathways may be a potential target for the treatment and prevention of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Qiqi Pu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia J, Xu S, Hu J, Gan Y, Sun M, Xia S, Bao X, Zhang M, Xu Y. Growth arrest specific protein 6 alleviated white matter injury after experimental ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:77-93. [PMID: 37794790 PMCID: PMC10905636 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231205078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic white matter injury leads to long-term neurological deficits and lacks effective medication. Growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) clears myelin debris, which is hypothesized to promote white matter integrity in experimental stroke models. By the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, we observed that Gas6 reduced infarcted volume and behavior deficits 4 weeks after MCAO. Compared with control mice, Gas6-treatment mice represented higher FA values in the ipsilateral external capsules by MRI DTI scan. The SMI32/MBP ratio of the ipsilateral cortex and striatum was profoundly alleviated by Gas6 administration. Gas6-treatment group manifested thicker myelin sheaths than the control group by electron microscopy. We observed that Gas6 mainly promoted OPC maturation, which was closely related to microglia. Mechanically, Gas6 accelerated microglia-mediated myelin debris clearance and cholesterol transport protein expression (abca1, abcg1, apoc1, apoe) in vivo and in vitro, accordingly less myelin debris and lipid deposited in Gas6 treated stroke mice. HX531 (RXR inhibitor) administration mitigated the functions of Gas6 in speeding up debris clearance and cholesterol transport protein expression. Generally, we concluded that Gas6 cleared myelin debris and promoted cholesterol transportation protein expression through activating RXR, which could be one critical mechanism contributing to white matter repair after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinglong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Gan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial medical key discipline, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Urano Y, Noguchi N. Enzymatically Formed Oxysterols and Cell Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:193-211. [PMID: 38036881 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The side-chain hydroxylation of cholesterol by specific enzymes produces 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, and other products. These enzymatically formed side-chain oxysterols act as intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids and serve as signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Besides these intracellular functions, an imbalance in oxysterol homeostasis is implicated in pathophysiology. Furthermore, growing evidence reveals that oxysterols affect cell proliferation and cause cell death. This chapter provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of side-chain oxysterols in developing human diseases. We also summarize our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of various forms of cell death by side-chain oxysterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Urano
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vigne S, Pot C. Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:231-260. [PMID: 38036883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is easily oxidized and can be transformed into numerous oxidation products, among which oxysterols. Phytosterols are plant sterols related to cholesterol. Both oxysterols and phytosterols can have an impact on human health and diseases.Cholesterol is a member of the sterol family that plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized into several molecules including bile acids, hormones, and oxysterols. On the other hand, phytosterols are plant-derived compounds structurally related to cholesterol, which can also have an impact on human health. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of oxysterols and phytosterols on human health and focus on the impact of their pathways on diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), vascular diseases, and cancer in both experimental models and human studies. We will first discuss the implications of oxysterols and then of phytosterols in different human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Vigne
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cai J, Xie D, Kong F, Zhai Z, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Sun T. Effect and Mechanism of Rapamycin on Cognitive Deficits in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:53-84. [PMID: 38640155 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remains long-term and challenging to diagnose. Furthermore, there is currently no medication to completely cure AD patients. Rapamycin has been clinically demonstrated to postpone the aging process in mice and improve learning and memory abilities in animal models of AD. Therefore, rapamycin has the potential to be significant in the discovery and development of drugs for AD patients. Objective The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of rapamycin on animal models of AD by examining behavioral indicators and pathological features. Methods Six databases were searched and 4,277 articles were retrieved. In conclusion, 13 studies were included according to predefined criteria. Three authors independently judged the selected literature and methodological quality. Use of subgroup analyses to explore potential mechanistic effects of rapamycin interventions: animal models of AD, specific types of transgenic animal models, dosage, and periodicity of administration. Results The results of Morris Water Maze (MWM) behavioral test showed that escape latency was shortened by 15.60 seconds with rapamycin therapy, indicating that learning ability was enhanced in AD mice; and the number of traversed platforms was increased by 1.53 times, indicating that the improved memory ability significantly corrected the memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin therapy reduced age-related plaque deposition by decreasing AβPP production and down-regulating β-secretase and γ-secretase activities, furthermore increased amyloid-β clearance by promoting autophagy, as well as reduced tau hyperphosphorylation by up-regulating insulin-degrading enzyme levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu ZL, Yuan YQ, Tong Z, Liao MQ, Yuan SL, Jian Y, Yang JL, Liu WF. Reexamining the Causes and Effects of Cholesterol Deposition in the Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6852-6868. [PMID: 37507575 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Numerous studies have shown that imbalances in cholesterol homeostasis in the brains of AD patients precede the onset of clinical symptoms. In addition, cholesterol deposition has been observed in the brains of AD patients even though peripheral cholesterol does not enter the brain through the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). Studies have demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism in the brain is associated with many pathological conditions, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) production, Tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In 2022, some scholars put forward a new hypothesis of AD: the disease involves lipid invasion and its exacerbation of the abnormal metabolism of cholesterol in the brain. In this review, by discussing the latest research progress, the causes and effects of cholesterol retention in the brains of AD patients are analyzed and discussed. Additionally, the possible mechanism through which AD may be improved by targeting cholesterol is described. Finally, we propose that improving the impairments in cholesterol removal observed in the brains of AD patients, instead of further reducing the already impaired cholesterol synthesis in the brain, may be the key to preventing cholesterol deposition and improving the corresponding pathological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yang-Qi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei-Qing Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shun-Ling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ye Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jia-Lun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen-Feng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao Y, Ye S, Tang Y, Tong W, Sun S. Brain cholesterol homeostasis and its association with neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105635. [PMID: 37949118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ in mammals. However, cholesterol metabolism in the brain is completely independent of other tissues due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are the main cells responsible for cholesterol synthesis in the brain. The cholesterol content in the brain is maintained at a relatively constant level under strict regulation of synthesis, transport, and turnover, that is, brain cholesterol homeostasis. Once this balance is disrupted, neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) ensue. This review summarizes the processes controlling cholesterol homeostasis with respect to the synthesis, transport and turnover of cholesterol in the brain. We further focus on how cholesterol imbalance contributes to neurodegenerative diseases to explore the possibilities to modulate the key steps involved, which will provide clues for the development of therapies for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuehong Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjuan Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liemisa B, Newbury SF, Novy MJ, Pasato JA, Morales-Corraliza J, Peng KY, Mathews PM. Brain apolipoprotein E levels in mice challenged by a Western diet increase in an allele-dependent manner. AGING BRAIN 2023; 4:100102. [PMID: 38058491 PMCID: PMC10696459 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the greatest determinant of genetic risk for memory deficits and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While APOE4 drives memory loss and high AD risk, APOE2 leads to healthy brain aging and reduced AD risk compared to the common APOE3 variant. We examined brain APOE protein levels in humanized mice homozygous for these alleles and found baseline levels to be age- and isoform-dependent: APOE2 levels were greater than APOE3, which were greater than APOE4. Despite the understanding that APOE lipoparticles do not traverse the blood-brain barrier, we show that brain APOE levels are responsive to dietary fat intake. Challenging mice for 6 months on a Western diet high in fat and cholesterol increased APOE protein levels in an allele-dependent fashion with a much greater increase within blood plasma than within the brain. In the brain, APOE2 levels responded most to the Western diet challenge, increasing by 20 % to 30 %. While increased lipoparticles are generally deleterious in the periphery, we propose that higher brain APOE2 levels may represent a readily available pool of beneficial lipid particles for neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braison Liemisa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Samantha F. Newbury
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariah J. Novy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Pasato
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katherine Y. Peng
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M. Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mahapatra A, Gupta P, Suman A, Ray SS, Singh RK. PFOS-induced dyslipidemia and impaired cholinergic neurotransmission in developing zebrafish: Insight into its mechanisms. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107304. [PMID: 37805080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that has been widely detected in the environment and is known to accumulate in organisms, including humans. The study investigated dose-dependent mortality, hatching rates, malformations, lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism alterations, and impacts on cholinergic neurotransmission. Increasing PFOS concentration led to higher mortality, hindered hatching, and caused concentration-dependent malformations, indicating severe abnormalities in developing zebrafish. The results also demonstrated that PFOS exposure led to a significant increase in total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL in a concentration-dependent manner, while HDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased. Additionally, PFOS exposure led to a significant decrease in glucose levels. The study identified TGs, TCHO, and glucose as the most sensitive biomarkers in assessing lipid metabolism alterations. The study also revealed altered expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, including upregulation of fasn, acaca, and hmgcr and downregulation of ldlr, pparα, and abca1, as well as decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and increased fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity,suggesting an impact on fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol uptake, and lipid transport. Additionally, PFOS exposure led to impaired cholinergic neurotransmission, evidenced by a concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, altered gene expressions related to neural development and function, and reduced Na+/K+-ATPase activity. STRING network analysis highlighted two distinct gene clusters related to lipid metabolism and cholinergic neurotransmission, with potential interactions through the pparα-creb1 pathway. Overall, this study provide important insights into the potential health risks associated with PFOS exposure, including dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose metabolism, and neurotoxicity. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential long-term effects of PFOS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archisman Mahapatra
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Priya Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Anjali Suman
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shubhendu Shekhar Ray
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumbale CM, Zhang Q, Voit EO. Hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and dioxin-induced dysregulation: A multiscale computational approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114086. [PMID: 37820785 PMCID: PMC10841405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that accumulate in fatty foods. Among the numerous POPs, dioxins, in particular 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), can impact several organ systems. While the hazard is clearly recognized, it is still difficult to develop a comprehensive understanding of the overall health impacts of dioxins. As chemical toxicity testing is steadily adopting new approach methodologies (NAMs), it becomes imperative to develop computational models that can bridge the data gaps between in vitro testing and in vivo outcomes. As an effort to address this challenge, we propose a multiscale computational approach using a "template-and-anchor" (T&A) structure. A template is a high-level umbrella model that permits the integration of information from various, detailed anchor models. In the present study, we use this T&A approach to describe the effect of TCDD on cholesterol dynamics. Specifically, we represent hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis as an anchor model that is perturbed by TCDD, leading to steatosis, along with alterations of plasma cholesterol. In the future, incorporating pertinent information from all anchor models into the template model will allow the characterization of the global effects of dioxin, which can subsequently be translated into overall - and ultimately personalized - human health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Kumbale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Koh DHZ, Naito T, Na M, Yeap YJ, Rozario P, Zhong FL, Lim KL, Saheki Y. Visualization of accessible cholesterol using a GRAM domain-based biosensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6773. [PMID: 37880244 PMCID: PMC10600248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is important for membrane integrity and cell signaling, and dysregulation of the distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. While regulated transport of a specific pool of cholesterol, known as "accessible cholesterol", contributes to the maintenance of cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis, tools to monitor accessible cholesterol in live cells remain limited. Here, we engineer a highly sensitive accessible cholesterol biosensor by taking advantage of the cholesterol-sensing element (the GRAM domain) of an evolutionarily conserved lipid transfer protein, GRAMD1b. Using this cholesterol biosensor, which we call GRAM-W, we successfully visualize in real time the distribution of accessible cholesterol in many different cell types, including human keratinocytes and iPSC-derived neurons, and show differential dependencies on cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake for maintaining levels of accessible cholesterol. Furthermore, we combine GRAM-W with a dimerization-dependent fluorescent protein (ddFP) and establish a strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of accessible plasma membrane cholesterol. These tools will allow us to obtain important insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the distribution of cellular cholesterol is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Minyoung Na
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Pritisha Rozario
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Franklin L Zhong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dan L, Zhang Z. Alzheimer's disease: an axonal injury disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1264448. [PMID: 37927337 PMCID: PMC10620718 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1264448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is anticipated to impose a substantial economic burden in the future. Over a significant period, the widely accepted amyloid cascade hypothesis has guided research efforts, and the recent FDA approval of an anti- amyloid-beta (Aβ) protofibrils antibody, believed to decelerate AD progression, has further solidified its significance. However, the excessive emphasis placed on the amyloid cascade hypothesis has overshadowed the physiological nature of Aβ and tau proteins within axons. Axons, specialized neuronal structures, sustain damage during the early stages of AD, exerting a pivotal influence on disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the relationship between axonal damage and AD pathology, amalgamating the physiological roles of Aβ and tau proteins, along with the impact of AD risk genes such as APOE and TREM2. Furthermore, we underscore the exceptional significance of axonal damage in the context of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Son Y, Yeo IJ, Hong JT, Eo SK, Lee D, Kim K. Side-Chain Immune Oxysterols Induce Neuroinflammation by Activating Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15288. [PMID: 37894967 PMCID: PMC10607006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In individuals with Alzheimer's disease, the brain exhibits elevated levels of IL-1β and oxygenated cholesterol molecules (oxysterols). This study aimed to investigate the effects of side-chain oxysterols on IL-1β expression using HMC3 microglial cells and ApoE-deficient mice. Treatment of HMC3 cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHChol) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol) led to increased IL-1β expression at the transcript and protein levels. Additionally, these oxysterols upregulated the surface expression of MHC II, a marker of activated microglia. Immunohistochemistry performed on the mice showed increased microglial expression of IL-1β and MHC II when fed a high-cholesterol diet. However, cholesterol and 24s-hydroxycholesterol did not increase IL-1β transcript levels or MHC II expression. The extent of IL-1β increase induced by 25OHChol and 27OHChol was comparable to that caused by oligomeric β-amyloid, and the IL-1β expression induced by the oxysterols was not impaired by polymyxin B, which inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β expression. Both oxysterols enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and Src, and inhibition of these kinase pathways with pharmacological inhibitors suppressed the expression of IL-1β and MHC II. The pharmacological agents chlorpromazine and cyclosporin A also impaired the oxysterol-induced expression of IL-1β and upregulation of MHC II. Overall, these findings suggest that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism leading to elevated levels of side-chain oxysterols, such as 25OHChol and 27OHChol, can activate microglia to secrete IL-1β through a mechanism amenable to pharmacologic intervention. The activation of microglia and subsequent neuroinflammation elicited by the immune oxysterols can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - In-Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiang S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang T, Zheng H, Sang X, Lu X, Xu Y. Unravelling the liver-brain connection: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study investigating the causal relationship between NAFLD and cortical structure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110927. [PMID: 37778665 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric conditions, implying a potential connection between NAFLD and brain health. However, the causal association between NAFLD and cortical changes remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine the causal impact of NAFLD on cortical structures using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for NAFLD were gathered from large-scale cohorts. Surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (TH) measurements were derived from Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 33,992 participants. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) served as the primary method. Additional sensitivity analyses, including MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), MR-Egger, and weighted median procedures, were conducted to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS Our MR analysis revealed that NAFLD led to notable alterations in cortical structures, particularly in the pars orbitalis gyrus. Specifically, genetically predicted NAFLD was linked to a decrease in TH (β = -0.008 mm, 95 % CI: -0.013 mm to -0.004 mm, P = 3.00 × 10-4) within this region. No significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy were identified. CONCLUSION The two-sample MR study supports the existence of a liver-brain axis by demonstrating a causal association between NAFLD and changes in cortical structures. These findings emphasize the potential association between NAFLD and brain health, which could have implications for preventing and treating cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric conditions in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoge Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiyao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Valenza M, Birolini G, Cattaneo E. The translational potential of cholesterol-based therapies for neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:583-598. [PMID: 37644213 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important metabolite and membrane component and is enriched in the brain owing to its role in neuronal maturation and function. In the adult brain, cholesterol is produced locally, predominantly by astrocytes. When cholesterol has been used, recycled and catabolized, the derivatives are excreted across the blood-brain barrier. Abnormalities in any of these steps can lead to neurological dysfunction. Here, we examine how precise interactions between cholesterol production and its use and catabolism in neurons ensures cholesterol homeostasis to support brain function. As an example of a neurological disease associated with cholesterol dyshomeostasis, we summarize evidence from animal models of Huntington disease (HD), which demonstrate a marked reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis with clinically relevant consequences for synaptic activity and cognition. In addition, we examine the relationship between cholesterol loss in the brain and cognitive decline in ageing. We then present emerging therapeutic strategies to restore cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on evidence from HD mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Naito T, Yang H, Koh DHZ, Mahajan D, Lu L, Saheki Y. Regulation of cellular cholesterol distribution via non-vesicular lipid transport at ER-Golgi contact sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5867. [PMID: 37735529 PMCID: PMC10514280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulated transport of cholesterol is critical for maintaining its proper distribution in the cell, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid transfer proteins, namely ORP9, OSBP, and GRAMD1s/Asters (GRAMD1a/GRAMD1b/GRAMD1c), control non-vesicular cholesterol transport at points of contact between the ER and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution. ORP9 localizes to the TGN via interaction between its tandem α-helices and ORP10/ORP11. ORP9 extracts PI4P from the TGN to prevent its overaccumulation and suppresses OSBP-mediated PI4P-driven cholesterol transport to the Golgi. By contrast, GRAMD1s transport excess cholesterol from the Golgi to the ER, thereby preventing its build-up. Cells lacking ORP9 exhibit accumulation of cholesterol at the Golgi, which is further enhanced by additional depletion of GRAMD1s with major accumulation in the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by chronic activation of the SREBP-2 signalling pathway. Our findings reveal the importance of regulated lipid transport at ER-Golgi contacts for maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Naito
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Haoning Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rudajev V, Novotny J. Cholesterol-dependent amyloid β production: space for multifarious interactions between amyloid precursor protein, secretases, and cholesterol. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 37705117 PMCID: PMC10500844 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β is considered a key player in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many studies investigating the effect of statins on lowering cholesterol suggest that there may be a link between cholesterol levels and AD pathology. Since cholesterol is one of the most abundant lipid molecules, especially in brain tissue, it affects most membrane-related processes, including the formation of the most dangerous form of amyloid β, Aβ42. The entire Aβ production system, which includes the amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase, and the complex of γ-secretase, is highly dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Moreover, cholesterol can affect amyloidogenesis in many ways. Cholesterol influences the stability and activity of secretases, but also dictates their partitioning into specific cellular compartments and cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts, where the amyloidogenic machinery is predominantly localized. The most complicated relationships have been found in the interaction between cholesterol and APP, where cholesterol affects not only APP localization but also the precise character of APP dimerization and APP processing by γ-secretase, which is important for the production of Aβ of different lengths. In this review, we describe the intricate web of interdependence between cellular cholesterol levels, cholesterol membrane distribution, and cholesterol-dependent production of Aβ, the major player in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Rudajev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hu Z, Yuan Y, Tong Z, Liao M, Yuan S, Wu W, Tang Y, Wang Y, Tang C, Liu W. Aerobic Exercise Facilitates the Nuclear Translocation of SREBP2 by Activating AKT/SEC24D to Contribute Cholesterol Homeostasis for Improving Cognition in APP/PS1 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12847. [PMID: 37629027 PMCID: PMC10454400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cholesterol synthesizing ability is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as evidenced by reduced levels of key proteases in the brain that mediate cholesterol synthesis; however, cholesterol deposition has been found in neurons in tangles in the brains of AD patients. Although it has been shown that statins, which inhibit cholesterol synthesis, reduce the incidence of AD, this seems paradoxical for AD patients whose cholesterol synthesizing capacity is already impaired. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on cholesterol metabolism in the brains of APP/PS1 mice and to reveal the mechanisms by which aerobic exercise improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Our study demonstrates that the reduction of SEC24D protein, a component of coat protein complex II (COPII), is a key factor in the reduction of cholesterol synthesis in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. 12 weeks of aerobic exercise was able to promote the recovery of SEC24D protein levels in the brain through activation of protein kinase B (AKT), which in turn promoted the expression of mem-brane-bound sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) nuclear translocation and the expression of key proteases mediating cholesterol synthesis. Simultaneous aerobic exercise restored cholesterol transport capacity in the brain of APP/PS1 mice with the ability to efflux excess cholesterol from neurons and reduced neuronal lipid rafts, thereby reducing cleavage of the APP amyloid pathway. Our study emphasizes the potential of restoring intracerebral cholesterol homeostasis as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate cognitive impairment in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yangqi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Meiqing Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yingzhe Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Changfa Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Qiu J, Wei L, Su Y, Tang Y, Peng G, Wu Y, He Y, Liu H, Guo W, Wu Z, Xu P, Mo M. Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Cerebrospinal Fluid Related to Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37626522 PMCID: PMC10452343 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal accumulation of lipids is found in dopamine neurons and resident microglia in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The accumulation of lipids is an important risk factor for PD. Previous studies have mainly focussed on lipid metabolism in peripheral blood, but little attention has been given to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We drew the lipidomic signature in CSF from PD patients and evaluated the role of lipids in CSF as biomarkers for PD diagnosis. METHODS Based on lipidomic approaches, we investigated and compared lipid metabolism in CSF from PD patients and healthy controls without dyslipidaemia in peripheral blood and explored the relationship of lipids between CSF and serum by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS A total of 231 lipid species were detected and classified into 13 families in the CSF. The lipid families, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol ester (CE), had significantly increased expression compared with the control. Hierarchical clustering was performed to distinguish PD patients based on the significantly changed expression of 34 lipid species. Unsupervised and supervised methods were used to refine this classification. A total of 12 lipid species, including 3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-carnitine, Cer(d18:1/24:1), CE(20:4), CE(22:6), PC(14:0/18:2), PC(O-18:3/20:2), PC(O-20:2/24:3), SM(d18:0/16:0), SM(d18:2/14:0), SM(d18:2/24:1), SM(d18:1/20:1) and SM(d18:1/12:0), were selected to draw the lipidomic signature of PD. Correlation analysis was performed and showed that the CE family and CE (22:6) in CSF had a positive association with total cholesterol in the peripheral blood from PD patients but not from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that the lipidomic signature in CSF may be considered a potential biomarker for PD diagnosis, and increased CE, PC and SM in CSF may reveal pathological changes in PD patients, such as blood-brain barrier leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lijian Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yilin Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Guoyou Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yimin Wu
- Department of General Medicine, Fengxian Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 210499, China;
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Hanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhuohu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.Q.); (L.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (G.P.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rojas-Cruz AF, Martín-Jiménez CA, González J, González-Giraldo Y, Pinzón AM, Barreto GE, Aristizábal-Pachón AF. Palmitic Acid Upregulates Type I Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Response and Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Human Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4842-4854. [PMID: 37184765 PMCID: PMC10293381 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intake of a high-fat diet increases saturated fatty acids in the brain causing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Palmitic acid is a free fatty acid abundant in the diet that at high concentrations may penetrate the blood-brain barrier and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to inflammation in astrocytes. The use of the synthetic neurosteroid tibolone in protection against fatty acid toxicity is emerging, but its transcriptional effects on palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity remain unclear. Herein, we performed a transcriptome profiling of normal human astrocytes to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which palmitic acid causes cellular damage to astrocytes, and whether tibolone could reverse its detrimental effects. Astrocytes undergo a profound transcriptional change at 2 mM palmitic acid, affecting the expression of 739 genes, 366 upregulated and 373 downregulated. However, tibolone at 10 nM does not entirely reverse palmitic acid effects. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction reveals two novel gene clustering modules. The first module involves astrocyte defense responses by upregulation of pathways associated with antiviral innate immunity, and the second is linked to lipid metabolism. Our data suggest that activation of viral response signaling pathways might be so far, the initial molecular mechanism of astrocytes in response to a lipotoxic insult by palmitic acid, triggered particularly upon increased expression levels of IFIT2, IRF1, and XAF1. Therefore, this novel approach using a global gene expression analysis may shed light on the pleiotropic effects of palmitic acid on astrocytes, and provide a basis for future studies addressed to elucidate these responses in neurodegenerative conditions, which is highly valuable for the design of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Felipe Rojas-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición Y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición Y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición Y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrés Mauricio Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática Y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX, Limerick, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mao H, Huang H, Zhou R, Zhu J, Yan J, Jiang H, Zhang L. High preoperative blood oxaloacetate and 2-aminoadipic acid levels are associated with postoperative delayed neurocognitive recovery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1212815. [PMID: 37583434 PMCID: PMC10424917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1212815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify preoperative blood biomarkers related to development of delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) following surgery. Methods A total of 67 patients (≥65 years old) who underwent head and neck tumor resection under general anesthesia were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Preoperative serum metabolomics were determined using widely targeted metabolomics technology. Results Of the 67 patients, 25 developed dNCR and were matched to 25 randomly selected patients from the remaining 42 without dNCR. Differential metabolites were selected using the criteria of variable importance in projection > 1.0 in orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis, false discovery rate <0.05, and fold-change >1.2 or <0.83 to minimize false positives. Preoperative serum levels of oxaloacetate (OR: 1.054, 95% CI: 1.027-1.095, P = 0.001) and 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) (OR: 1.181, 95% CI: 1.087-1.334, P = 0.001) were associated with postoperative dNCR after adjusting for anesthesia duration, education, and age. Areas under the curve for oxaloacetate and 2-AAA were 0.86 (sensitivity: 0.84, specificity: 0.88) and 0.86 (sensitivity: 0.84, specificity: 0.84), respectively. High levels of preoperative oxaloacetate and 2-AAA also were associated with postoperative decreased MoCA (β: 0.022, 95% CI: 0.005-0.04, P = 0.013 for oxaloacetate; β: 0.077, 95%CI: 0.016-0.137, P = 0.014 for 2-AAA) and MMSE (β: 0.024, 95% CI: 0.009-0.039, P = 0.002 for oxaloacetate; β: 0.083, 95% CI: 0.032-0.135, P = 0.002 for 2-AAA) scores after adjusting for age, education level, and operation time. Conclusion High preoperative blood levels of oxaloacetate and 2-AAA were associated with increased risk of postoperative dNCR. Clinical trial registration https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05105451, identifier NCT05105451.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
All mammalian cell membranes contain cholesterol to maintain membrane integrity. The transport of this hydrophobic lipid is mediated by lipoproteins. Cholesterol is especially enriched in the brain, particularly in synaptic and myelin membranes. Aging involves changes in sterol metabolism in peripheral organs and also in the brain. Some of those alterations have the potential to promote or to counteract the development of neurodegenerative diseases during aging. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of general principles of sterol metabolism in humans and mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. We discuss changes in sterol metabolism that occur in the aged brain and highlight recent developments in cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism in the fast-growing research field of aging and age-related diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease. We propose that cell type-specific cholesterol handling and the interplay between cell types critically influence age-related disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu L, Liu R, Qin Y, Wang T. Brain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: biological mechanisms of exercise. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 37365651 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major subtype of neurodegenerative dementia caused by long-term interactions and accumulation of multiple adverse factors, accompanied by dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and molecular pathways in the brain. At the cellular and molecular levels, the neuronal cellular milieu of the AD brain exhibits metabolic abnormalities, compromised bioenergetics, impaired lipid metabolism, and reduced overall metabolic capacity, which lead to abnormal neural network activity and impaired neuroplasticity, thus accelerating the formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The current absence of effective pharmacological therapies for AD points to the urgent need to investigate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise. Despite the evidence that regular physical activity can improve metabolic dysfunction in the AD state, inhibit different pathophysiological molecular pathways associated with AD, influence the pathological process of AD, and exert a protective effect, there is no clear consensus on the specific biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the advantages of physical exercise. Here, we review how physical exercise improves crucial molecular pathways and biological processes associated with metabolic disorders in AD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, Aβ metabolism and transport, iron metabolism and tau pathology. How metabolic states influence brain health is also presented. A better knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves AD metabolism can contribute to the development of novel drugs and improvement of non-pharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingkai Qin
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Daly JL, Danson CM, Lewis PA, Zhao L, Riccardo S, Di Filippo L, Cacchiarelli D, Lee D, Cross SJ, Heesom KJ, Xiong WC, Ballabio A, Edgar JR, Cullen PJ. Multi-omic approach characterises the neuroprotective role of retromer in regulating lysosomal health. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3086. [PMID: 37248224 PMCID: PMC10227043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer controls cellular homeostasis through regulating integral membrane protein sorting and transport and by controlling maturation of the endo-lysosomal network. Retromer dysfunction, which is linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, manifests in complex cellular phenotypes, though the precise nature of this dysfunction, and its relation to neurodegeneration, remain unclear. Here, we perform an integrated multi-omics approach to provide precise insight into the impact of Retromer dysfunction on endo-lysosomal health and homeostasis within a human neuroglioma cell model. We quantify widespread changes to the lysosomal proteome, indicative of broad lysosomal dysfunction and inefficient autophagic lysosome reformation, coupled with a reconfigured cell surface proteome and secretome reflective of increased lysosomal exocytosis. Through this global proteomic approach and parallel transcriptomic analysis, we provide a holistic view of Retromer function in regulating lysosomal homeostasis and emphasise its role in neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Daly
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
| | - Chris M Danson
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Philip A Lewis
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Next Generation Diagnostic srl, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucio Di Filippo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Next Generation Diagnostic srl, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Radagdam S, Khaki-Khatibi F, Rahbarghazi R, Shademan B, Nourazarian SM, Nikanfar M, Nourazarian A. Evaluation of dihydrotestosterone and dihydroprogesterone levels and gene expression of genes involved in neurosteroidogenesis in the SH-SY5Y Alzheimer disease cell model. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1163806. [PMID: 37304028 PMCID: PMC10252120 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1163806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. This study investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide on neurosteroidogenesis and its relationship to growth and differentiation using SH-SY5Y cells. Methods In this study, we used the MTT assay to assess the impact of LPS on SH-SY5Y cell viability. We also evaluated apoptotic effects using FITC Annexin V staining to detect phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane. To identify gene expression related to human neurogenesis, we utilized the RT2 Profiler TM PCR array human neurogenesis PAHS-404Z. Results Our study found that LPS had an IC50 level of 0.25 μg/mL on the SH-SY5Y cell line after 48 h. We observed Aβ deposition in SH-SY5Y cells treated with LPS, and a decrease in DHT and DHP levels in the cells. Our analysis showed that the total rate of apoptosis varied with LPS dilution: 4.6% at 0.1 μg/mL, 10.5% at 10 μg/mL, and 44.1% at 50 μg/mL. We also observed an increase in the expression of several genes involved in human neurogenesis, including ASCL1, BCL2, BDNF, CDK5R1, CDK5RAP2, CREB1, DRD2, HES1, HEYL, NOTCH1, STAT3, and TGFB1, after treatment with LPS at 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. LPS at 50 μg/mL increased the expression of FLNA and NEUROG2, as well as the other genes mentioned. Conclusion Our study showed that LPS treatment altered the expression of human neurogenesis genes and decreased DHT and DHP levels in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that targeting LPS, DHT, and DHP could be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD or improve its symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Radagdam
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| |
Collapse
|