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Hester MM, Carlson D, Lodge JK, Levitz SM, Specht CA. Immune evasion by Cryptococcus gattii in vaccinated mice coinfected with C. neoformans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356651. [PMID: 38469300 PMCID: PMC10925662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis, cause over 100,000 deaths worldwide every year, yet no cryptococcal vaccine has progressed to clinical trials. In preclinical studies, mice vaccinated with an attenuated strain of C. neoformans deleted of three cryptococcal chitin deacetylases (Cn-cda1Δ2Δ3Δ) were protected against a lethal challenge with C. neoformans strain KN99. While Cn-cda1Δ2Δ3Δ extended the survival of mice infected with C. gattii strain R265 compared to unvaccinated groups, we were unable to demonstrate fungal clearance as robust as that seen following KN99 challenge. In stark contrast to vaccinated mice challenged with KN99, we also found that R265-challenged mice failed to induce the production of protection-associated cytokines and chemokines in the lungs. To investigate deficiencies in the vaccine response to R265 infection, we developed a KN99-R265 coinfection model. In unvaccinated mice, the strains behaved in a manner which mirrored single infections, wherein only KN99 disseminated to the brain and spleen. We expanded the coinfection model to Cn-cda1Δ2Δ3Δ-vaccinated mice. Fungal burden, cytokine production, and immune cell infiltration in the lungs of vaccinated, coinfected mice were indicative of immune evasion by C. gattii R265 as the presence of R265 neither compromised the immunophenotype established in response to KN99 nor inhibited clearance of KN99. Collectively, these data indicate that R265 does not dampen a protective vaccine response, but rather suggest that R265 remains largely undetected by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M. Hester
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Diana Carlson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Lodge
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Charles A. Specht
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Li X, Xu J, Lin X, Lin Q, Yu T, Chen L, Chen L, Huang X, Zhang X, Chen G, Xu L. Macrophages-derived exo-miR-4449 induced by Cryptococcus affects HUVEC permeability and promotes pyroptosis in BEAS-2B via the HIC1 pathway. Cytokine 2024; 173:156441. [PMID: 37995394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have recently been discovered to assume a significant role in the progression of cryptococcosis. However, the potential involvement of macrophage-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the changes of microRNAs in macrophage exosomes (exo-miRNAs) in cryptococcal infections and the role of markedly altered exo-miRNAs in the modulation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) permeability and ROS accumulation and pyroptosis in Human Bronchial Epithelioid Cells (BEAS-2B). Techniques such as microarray analysis and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect different exo-miRNAs and to screen for the most highly expressed exo-miRNAs. Then its mimics were transfected into HUVEC to study its effect on the monolayer permeability of HUVEC. Finally, the relationship between this exo-miRNAs and the ROS accumulation and pyroptosis was verified by bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that five exo-miRNAs were overexpressed and two exo-miRNAs were reduced, among which, exo-miR-4449 was expressed at the highest level. Exo-miR-4449 could be internalized by HUVEC and enhanced its monolayer permeability. Moreover, exo-miR-4449 was found to promote ROS accumulation and pyroptosis in BEAS-2B through HIC1 pathway. Thus, exo-miR-4449 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis and holds promise as a significant biomarker for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Junping Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Tianxing Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Geng Chen
- Nursing Department, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
| | - Liyu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou No. 1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China.
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Ciryam P, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Interleukin-6 in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Janus-Faced Player in Damage and Repair. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2249-2269. [PMID: 37166354 PMCID: PMC10649197 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common and often devastating illness, with wide-ranging public health implications. In addition to the primary injury, victims of TBI are at risk for secondary neurological injury by numerous mechanisms. Current treatments are limited and do not target the profound immune response associated with injury. This immune response reflects a convergence of peripheral and central nervous system-resident immune cells whose interaction is mediated in part by a disruption in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The diverse family of cytokines helps to govern this communication and among these, Interleukin (IL)-6 is a notable player in the immune response to acute neurological injury. It is also a well-established pharmacological target in a variety of other disease contexts. In TBI, elevated IL-6 levels are associated with worse outcomes, but the role of IL-6 in response to injury is double-edged. IL-6 promotes neurogenesis and wound healing in animal models of TBI, but it may also contribute to disruptions in the BBB and the progression of cerebral edema. Here, we review IL-6 biology in the context of TBI, with an eye to clarifying its controversial role and understanding its potential as a target for modulating the immune response in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Ciryam
- Shock Trauma Neurocritical Care, Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Quillen D, Hughes TM, Craft S, Howard T, Register T, Suerken C, Hawkins GA, Milligan C. Levels of Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor and Asp358Ala Are Associated With Cognitive Performance and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:10/3/e200095. [PMID: 36810164 PMCID: PMC9944616 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease process manifesting clinically with cognitive impairment and dementia. AD pathology is complex, and in addition to plaques and tangles, neuroinflammation is a consistent feature. Interleukin (IL) 6 is a multifaceted cytokine involved in a plethora of cellular mechanisms including both anti-inflammatory and inflammatory processes. IL6 can signal classically through the membrane-bound receptor or by IL6 trans-signaling forming a complex with the soluble IL6 receptor (sIL6R) and activating membrane-bound glycoprotein 130 on cells not expressing IL6R. IL6 trans-signaling has been demonstrated as the primary mechanism of IL6-mediated events in neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to investigate whether inheritance of a genetic variation in the IL6R gene and associated elevated sIL6R levels in plasma and CSF were associated with cognitive performance. METHODS We genotyped the IL6R rs2228145 nonsynonymous variant (Asp358Ala) and assayed IL6 and sIL6R concentrations in paired samples of plasma and CSF obtained from 120 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or probable AD enrolled in the Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center's Clinical Core. IL6 rs2228145 genotype and measures of plasma IL6 and sIL6R were assessed for relationships with cognitive status and clinical data, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (mPACC), cognitive domain scores obtained from the Uniform Data Set, and CSF concentrations of phosphoTauT181 (pTau181), β-amyloid (Aβ) Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations. RESULTS We found that inheritance of the IL6R Ala358 variant and elevated sIL6R levels in plasma and CSF were correlated with lower mPACC, MoCA and memory domain scores, increases in CSF pTau181, and decreases in the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio in both unadjusted and covariate-adjusted statistical models. DISCUSSION These data suggest that IL6 trans-signaling and the inheritance of the IL6R Ala358 variant are related to reduced cognition and greater levels of biomarkers for AD disease pathology. Follow-up prospective studies are necessary, as patients who inherit IL6R Ala358 may be identified as ideally responsive to IL6 receptor-blocking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Quillen
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Suzanne Craft
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Timothy Howard
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Thomas Register
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia Suerken
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Carol Milligan
- From the The Neuroscience Program (D.Q., T.M.H., G.A.H., C.M.); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy (D.Q., C.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.M.H., S.C.); Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (T.M.H., S.C., T.R., C.M.); Department of Biochemistry (T.H., T.R., G.A.H.); and Department of Biostatics and Data Science (C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine.
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5
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Lee HH, Carmichael DJ, Ríbeiro V, Parisi DN, Munzen ME, Charles-Niño CL, Hamed MF, Kaur E, Mishra A, Patel J, Rooklin RB, Sher A, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA, Eugenin EA, Dores MR, Martinez LR. Glucuronoxylomannan intranasal challenge prior to Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection enhances cerebral cryptococcosis in rodents. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010941. [PMID: 37115795 PMCID: PMC10171644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The encapsulated fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of fungal meningitis, with the highest rate of disease in patients with AIDS or immunosuppression. This microbe enters the human body via inhalation of infectious particles. C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide, in which the major component is glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), extensively accumulates in tissues and compromises host immune responses. C. neoformans travels from the lungs to the bloodstream and crosses to the brain via transcytosis, paracytosis, or inside of phagocytes using a "Trojan horse" mechanism. The fungus causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis with high mortality rates. Hence, we investigated the impact of intranasal exogenous GXM administration on C. neoformans infection in C57BL/6 mice. GXM enhances cryptococcal pulmonary infection and facilitates fungal systemic dissemination and brain invasion. Pre-challenge of GXM results in detection of the polysaccharide in lungs, serum, and surprisingly brain, the latter likely reached through the nasal cavity. GXM significantly alters endothelial cell tight junction protein expression in vivo, suggesting significant implications for the C. neoformans mechanisms of brain invasion. Using a microtiter transwell system, we showed that GXM disrupts the trans-endothelial electrical resistance, weakening human brain endothelial cell monolayers co-cultured with pericytes, supportive cells of blood vessels/capillaries found in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to promote C. neoformans BBB penetration. Our findings should be considered in the development of therapeutics to combat the devastating complications of cryptococcosis that results in an estimated ~200,000 deaths worldwide each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Ham Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Dylan J Carmichael
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Victoria Ríbeiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dana N Parisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University-Post, Brookville, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa E Munzen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Claudia L Charles-Niño
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ettiman Kaur
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Ayush Mishra
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Jiya Patel
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Rikki B Rooklin
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Amina Sher
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria A Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael R Dores
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University-Post, Brookville, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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6
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Scotter EL, Cao MC, Jansson D, Rustenhoven J, Smyth LCD, Aalderink MC, Siemens A, Fan V, Wu J, Mee EW, Faull RLM, Dragunow M. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked protein TDP-43 regulates interleukin-6 cytokine production by human brain pericytes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103768. [PMID: 36038081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal movement disorder involving degeneration of motor neurons through dysfunction of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43. Pericytes, the perivascular cells of the blood-brain, blood-spinal cord, and blood-CSF barriers also degenerate in ALS. Indeed, pericytes are among the earliest cell types to show gene expression changes in pre-symptomatic animal models of ALS. This suggests that pericyte degeneration precedes neurodegeneration and may involve pericyte cell-autonomous TDP-43 dysfunction. Here we determined the effect of TDP-43 dysfunction in human brain pericytes on interleukin 6 (IL-6), a critical secreted inflammatory mediator reported to be regulated by TDP 43. Primary human brain pericytes were cultured from biopsy tissue from epilepsy surgeries and TDP-43 was silenced using siRNA. TDP-43 silencing of pericytes stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β or tumour necrosis factor alpha, robustly suppressed the induction of IL-6 transcript and protein. IL-6 regulation by TDP-43 did not involve the assembly of TDP-43 nuclear splicing bodies, and did not occur via altered splicing of IL6. Instead, transcriptome-wide analysis by RNA-Sequencing identified a poison exon in the IL6 destabilising factor HNRNPD (AUF1) as a splicing target of TDP-43. Our data support a model whereby TDP-43 silencing favours destabilisation of IL6 mRNA, via enhanced AU-rich element-mediated decay by HNRNP/AUF1. This suggests that cell-autonomous deficits in TDP-43 function in human brain pericytes would suppress their production of IL-6. Given the importance of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers in maintaining motor neuron health, TDP-43 in human brain pericytes may represent a cellular target for ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Scotter
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maize C Cao
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Deidre Jansson
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Leon C D Smyth
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Miranda C Aalderink
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Siemens
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Vicky Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Wu
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Edward W Mee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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7
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Sato K, Kawakami K. PAMPs and Host Immune Response in Cryptococcal Infection. Med Mycol J 2022; 63:133-138. [DOI: 10.3314/mmj.22.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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8
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Souza HI, Pereira ABM, Oliveira JR, Silva PR, Teixeira DNS, Silva-Vergara ML, Rogério AP. Cryptococcus neoformans in Association with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus has Pro- (IL-6/STAT3 Overproduction) and Anti-inflammatory (CCL2/ERK1/2 Downregulation) Effects on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2022; 45:1269-1280. [PMID: 35015189 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis (caused, for example, by Cryptococcus neoformans) and allergic asthma (caused, for example, by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) target the respiratory tract (the lung and bronchial epithelium). C. neoformans and D. pteronyssinus can coexist in the same indoor environment, and exposure to both can cause alterations in the local airway inflammatory milieu and exacerbation of airway inflammatory diseases. Here, we evaluated the effects of the association between C. neoformans and D. pteronyssinus in the modulation of airway inflammatory responses in an in vitro experimental model using human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were cultivated and stimulated with D. pteronyssinus (10 μg/mL) and/or C. neoformans (MOI 100) for 24 h. No cytotoxic effect was observed in cells stimulated by C. neoformans and/or D. pteronyssinus. The production of IL-8, IL-6, and/or CCL2, but not IL-10, as well as the activation of NF-kB, STAT3, STAT6, and/or ERK1/2 were increased in cells stimulated by C. neoformans or D. pteronyssinus compared to controls. C. neoformans in association with D. pteronyssinus inhibited the CCL2‑ERK1/2 signaling pathway in cells treated with both pathogens compared to cells stimulated by D. pteronyssinus alone. In addition, their association induced an additive effect on the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in cells compared to cells stimulated with D. pteronyssinus or C. neoformans only. D. pteronyssinus increased the internalization and growth of C. neoformans in BEAS-2B cells. D. pteronyssinus in association with C. neoformans promoted pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which can modulate cryptococcal infection and asthmaticus status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ismarsi Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Beatriz Mahler Pereira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Silva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Nascimento Silva Teixeira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario Leon Silva-Vergara
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Paula Rogério
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Campbell C, Andersson MI, Ansari MA, Moswela O, Misbah SA, Klenerman P, Matthews PC. Risk of Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Tuberculosis (TB) and Complications of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Following Tocilizumab Therapy: A Systematic Review to Inform Risk Assessment in the COVID-19 Era. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:706482. [PMID: 34490299 PMCID: PMC8417527 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.706482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor antagonist, is used in the treatment of severe COVID-19 caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, unintended consequences of TCZ therapy include reactivation of tuberculosis (TB) or hepatitis B virus (HBV), and worsening of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We set out to assimilate existing data for these complications, in order to help inform evidence-based risk assessments for the use of TCZ, and thus to reduce the risk of serious but preventable complications. Methods: We searched the global WHO database of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) ("VigiBase") and undertook a systematic literature review, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We generated mean cumulative incidence estimates for infection complications. Results: Mean cumulative incidence of HBV and TB were 3.3 and 4.3%, respectively, in patients receiving TCZ. Insufficient data were available to generate estimates for HCV. These estimates derive from heterogeneous studies pre-dating SARS-CoV-2, with differing epidemiology and varied approaches to screening and prophylaxis, so formal meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusions: We underline the need for careful individual risk assessment prior to TCZ prescription, and present an algorithm to guide clinical stratification. There is an urgent need for ongoing collation of safety data as TCZ therapy is used in COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori Campbell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique I. Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M. Azim Ansari
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Moswela
- Pharmacy Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Siraj A. Misbah
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Anti-inflammatory actions of aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) in bronchial epithelial cells infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1603-1612. [PMID: 34405339 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Aspirin-triggered-resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a lipid mediator produced during the resolution of inflammation and demonstrates anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in several inflammatory experimental models including in the airways. METHOD Here, we evaluated the effects of AT-RvD1 (1, 10 or 100 nM) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans (1, 10 or 100 multiplicities of infection; MOI). RESULTS After 24 h, C. neoformans (all MOI) demonstrated no cytotoxic effects and increased IL-8 production on BEAS-2B cells when compared to controls. In addition, C. neoformans (MOI 100) increased the concentration of IL-6, but not of IL-10. AT-RvD1 (100 nM) significantly reduced the concentration of IL-8 and IL-6 and increased IL-10 production in C. neoformans-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. C. neoformans increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and ERK1/2, and ALX/FPR2 expression. AT-RvD1 reduced the activation of NF-kB without altering the ERK1/2 and ALX/FPR2 expression. The anti-inflammatory effects of AT-RvD1 were dependent on the ALX/FPR2, once its antagonist (BOC2) reversed its anti-inflammatory effects. No alteration on the fungal burden as well as interactions with BEAS-2B cells was observed by AT-RvD1. CONCLUSION AT-RvD1 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells infected with C. neoformans without affecting the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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11
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Cao Q, Lin Y, Yue C, Wang Y, Quan F, Cui X, Bi R, Tang X, Yang Y, Wang C, Li X, Gao X. IL-6 deficiency promotes colitis by recruiting Ly6C hi monocytes into inflamed colon tissues in a CCL2-CCR2-dependent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174165. [PMID: 33979652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the role of IL-6 deficiency in colitis is not well-defined. Some IL-6 and IL-6 receptor antagonists are associated with severe gastrointestinal immune adverse effects, but the mechanisms of the effects are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 in ulcerative colitis in Il6-/- mice. Results indicated that physiological deficiency of IL-6 promoted the development of colitis. Moreover, IL-6 deficiency significantly increased the mRNA levels of monocytes chemokine Ccl2 and its receptor Ccr2 in colon tissues. Similarly, the percentage of Ly6Chigh monocytes and neutrophils were increased in the colon of Il6-/- mice. Intestinal crypts more strongly increased the migration of Il6-/- macrophages than wild-type ones. Moreover, Il6-/- macrophages promoted the migration of neutrophils. Most importantly, RS102895, an antagonist of CCR2, diminished chemotaxis of macrophages and inhibited colitis in Il6-/- mice. Collectively, these results indicate that Il6-/- macrophages migrate to inflamed colon tissues and recruit neutrophils, thereby promoting the effect of Il6-/- on colitis. This study expands our understanding on the effect of IL-6 deficiency in colitis and the development of gastrointestinal immune adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Cao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Yanting Lin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Chongxiu Yue
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Fei Quan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Xinmeng Cui
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Ran Bi
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Xinying Tang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
| | - Xianjing Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
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12
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Pereira ABM, Oliveira JR, Souza ALJ, Andrade-Silva L, Silva MV, Silva PR, Silva-Vergara ML, Rogerio AP. Effects of cigarette smoke extract on bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:221-233. [PMID: 34228244 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the airways, the adhesion of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Tobacco smoke is considered a risk factor for cryptococcosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans. Multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 1-100 of C. neoformans per cell led to increased IL-8 production and no cytotoxic effects when compared to those of controls. C. neoformans (MOI 100) also significantly increased the concentration of IL-6. In cells stimulated with CSE doses (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0%) from one or five cigarettes, increased IL-1β production was observed only in doses from one (1.0%) and five (2.5%) cigarettes when compared to that of controls. However, only 1.0% CSE failed to show cytotoxic effects. In addition, CSE significantly increased the concentration of IL-8. Cells stimulated with both CSE and C. neoformans demonstrated a reduction in IL-6/STAT3 signalling compared to that in cells stimulated by C. neoformans. In addition, a significant increase in IL-10 production was also observed. No alterations in NF-kB or ICAM-1 expression were observed among the groups. The combination of CSE and C. neoformans favoured the increase of fungal numbers and extracellular adhering of C. neoformans on BEAS-2B cells. In addition, the internalization of C. neoformans on BEAS-2B cells was reduced after CSE stimulation. In conclusion, the association of CSE and C. neoformans induced an anti-inflammatory effect in bronchial epithelial cells, which might favour the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Beatriz Mahler Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Julio Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute Department of Clinical Medicine, of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Mario Leon Silva-Vergara
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Paula Rogerio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil.
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13
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Araújo GRDS, Alves V, Martins-de-Souza PH, Guimarães AJ, Honorato L, Nimrichter L, Takiya CM, Pontes B, Frases S. Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone Promote Cell Proliferation, Capsule Enlargement, and in vivo Dissemination of C. neoformans. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:643537. [PMID: 37744119 PMCID: PMC10512211 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.643537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals, who often have some inflammatory condition and, therefore, end up using glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and methylprednisolone. Although the effects of this class of molecules during cryptococcosis have been investigated, their consequences for the biology of C. neoformans is less explored. Here, we studied the effects of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone on the metabolism and on the induction of virulence factors in C. neoformans. Our results showed that both glucocorticoids increased fungal cell proliferation and surface electronegativity but reduced capsule and secreted polysaccharide sizes, as well as capsule compaction, by decreasing the density of polysaccharide fibers. We also tested whether glucocorticoids could affect the fungal virulence in Galleria mellonella and mice. Although the survival rate of Galleria larvae increased, those from mice showed a tendency to decrease, with infected animals dying earlier after glucocorticoid treatments. The pathogenesis of spread of cryptococcosis and the interleukin secretion pattern were also assessed for lungs and brains of infected mice. While increases in the spread of the fungus to lungs were observed after treatment with glucocorticoids, a significant difference in brain was observed only for methylprednisolone, although a trend toward increasing was also observed for dexamethasone. Moreover, increases in both pulmonary and cerebral IL-10 production, reduction of IL-6 production but no changes in IL-4, IL-17, and INF-γ were also observed after glucocorticoid treatments. Finally, histopathological analysis confirmed the increase in number of fungal cells in lung and brain tissues of mice previously subjected to dexamethasone or methylprednisolone treatments. Together, our results provide compelling evidence for the effects of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone on the biology of C. neoformans and may have important implications for future clinical treatments, calling attention to the risks of using these glucocorticoids against cryptococcosis or in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber R. de S. Araújo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Cellular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Alves
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Cellular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Cellular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan J. Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia das Micoses, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leandro Honorato
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Cellular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Marina CL, Bürgel PH, Agostinho DP, Zamith-Miranda D, Las-Casas LDO, Tavares AH, Nosanchuk JD, Bocca AL. Nutritional Conditions Modulate C. neoformans Extracellular Vesicles' Capacity to Elicit Host Immune Response. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1815. [PMID: 33217920 PMCID: PMC7698703 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogenic fungus that mainly afflicts immunocompromised patients. One of its virulence strategies is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing cargo with immunomodulatory properties. We evaluated EV's characteristics produced by capsular and acapsular strains of C. neoformans (B3501 and ΔCap67, respectively) growing in nutritionally poor or rich media and co-cultures with bone marrow-derived macrophages or dendritic cells from C57BL/6 mice. EVs produced under a poor nutritional condition displayed a larger hydrodynamic size, contained more virulence compounds, and induced a more robust inflammatory pattern than those produced in a rich nutritional medium, independently of strain. We treated infected mice with EVs produced in the rich medium, and the EVs inhibited more genes related to the inflammasome than untreated infected mice. These findings suggest that the EVs participate in the pathogenic processes that result in the dissemination of C. neoformans. Thus, these results highlight the versatility of EVs' properties during infection by C. neoformans in different tissues and support ongoing efforts to harness EVs to prevent and treat cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Luna Marina
- Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil; (C.L.M.); (P.H.B.); (L.d.O.L.-C.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Bürgel
- Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil; (C.L.M.); (P.H.B.); (L.d.O.L.-C.)
| | - Daniel Paiva Agostinho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (D.P.A.); (D.Z.-M.); (J.D.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel Zamith-Miranda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (D.P.A.); (D.Z.-M.); (J.D.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Las-Casas
- Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil; (C.L.M.); (P.H.B.); (L.d.O.L.-C.)
| | | | - Joshua Daniel Nosanchuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (D.P.A.); (D.Z.-M.); (J.D.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil; (C.L.M.); (P.H.B.); (L.d.O.L.-C.)
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15
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Fu MS, Drummond RA. The Diverse Roles of Monocytes in Cryptococcosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030111. [PMID: 32708673 PMCID: PMC7558978 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are key components for the control of infection, but paradoxically they can also contribute to detrimental host responses and may even support fungal proliferation and dissemination. Simultaneously, the C. neoformans polysaccharide capsule can impair the functions of monocytes. Although monocytes are often seen as simple precursor cells, they also function as independent immune effector cells. In this review, we summarize these monocyte-specific functions during cryptococcal infection and the influence of C. neoformans on monocyte responses. We also cover the most recent findings on the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of monocytes and discuss how new advanced technologies provide a platform to address outstanding questions in the field.
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16
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Hadian Y, Fregoso D, Nguyen C, Bagood MD, Dahle SE, Gareau MG, Isseroff RR. Microbiome-skin-brain axis: A novel paradigm for cutaneous wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:282-292. [PMID: 32034844 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds cause a significant burden on society financially, medically, and psychologically. Unfortunately, patients with nonhealing wounds often suffer from comorbidities that further compound their disability. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms experienced by patients with chronic wounds, further studies are needed to investigate the potentially linked pathophysiological changes in wounds and depression in order to improve patient care. The English literature on wound healing, inflammatory and microbial changes in chronic wounds and depression, and antiinflammatory and probiotic therapy was reviewed on PubMed. Chronic wound conditions and depression were demonstrated to share common pathologic features of dysregulated inflammation and altered microbiome, indicating a possible relationship. Furthermore, alternative treatment strategies such as immune-targeted and probiotic therapy showed promising potential by addressing both pathophysiological pathways. However, many existing studies are limited to a small study population, a cross-sectional design that does not establish temporality, or a wide range of confounding variables in the context of a highly complex and multifactorial disease process. Therefore, additional preclinical studies in suitable wound models, as well as larger clinical cohort studies and trials are necessary to elucidate the relationship between wound microbiome, healing, and depression, and ultimately guide the most effective therapeutic and management plan for chronic wound patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Hadian
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Daniel Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Chuong Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle D Bagood
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sara E Dahle
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Podiatry Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Melanie G Gareau
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
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17
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Guess TE, Rosen J, Castro-Lopez N, Wormley FL, McClelland EE. An inherent T cell deficit in healthy males to C. neoformans infection may begin to explain the sex susceptibility in incidence of cryptococcosis. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:44. [PMID: 31477151 PMCID: PMC6720413 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative agent of cryptococcosis, causes ~ 181,000 deaths annually, with males having a higher incidence of disease than females (7M:3F). The reason for this sex bias remains unclear. We hypothesized that this disparity was due to biological differences between the male and female immune response. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were isolated and infected with C. neoformans ± exogenous testosterone or 17-β-estradiol. C. neoformans, B, T, and NK cell proliferation was quantified by flow cytometry. Cytokine analysis was conducted via protein array or ELISA. Serological testing was conducted to determine previous exposure to C. neoformans. Results C. neoformans proliferated more in male PBMCs. T cell percentages in both sexes were lower in infected versus uninfected cells. Male PBMCs had lower CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells percentages during infection compared to females. Cytokine profiles showed differences in uninfected male and female PBMCs, which subsided during infection. Only one donor was sero-negative for prior C. neoformans exposure. There was an effect of estrogen in one dataset. Conclusions These results suggest that males show an inherent deficit in T cell response during infection, which may contribute to the increased incidence of disease in males. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-019-0258-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany E Guess
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Joseph Rosen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Natalia Castro-Lopez
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Floyd L Wormley
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erin E McClelland
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
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18
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Jian WX, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Peng Y, Chen NH. Potential roles of brain barrier dysfunctions in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Wang J, Wen ZQ, Cheng XY, Mei TY, Chen ZF, Su LX. siRNA-mediated knockdown of T-bet and RORγt contributes to decreased inflammation in pre-eclampsia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6368-6375. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Diagnostic Challenges of Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Individual Masquerading as Chronic Hydrocephalus. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016; 2016:7381943. [PMID: 27525140 PMCID: PMC4971305 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7381943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans can cause disseminated meningoencephalitis and evade immunosurveillance with expression of a major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule. Direct diagnostic assays often rely on the presence of the cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan capsular antigen (CrAg) or visualization of the capsule. Strain specific phenotypic traits and environmental conditions influence differences in expression that can thereby compromise detection and timely diagnosis. Immunocompetent hosts may manifest clinical signs and symptoms indolently, often expanding the differential and delaying appropriate treatment and diagnosis. We describe a 63-year-old man who presented with a progressive four-year history of ambulatory dysfunction, headache, and communicating hydrocephalus. Serial lumbar punctures (LPs) revealed elevated protein (153–300 mg/dL), hypoglycorrhachia (19–47 mg/dL), lymphocytic pleocytosis (89–95% lymphocyte, WBC 67–303 mg/dL, and RBC 34–108 mg/dL), and normal opening pressure (13–16 cm H2O). Two different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CrAg assays were negative. A large volume CSF fungal culture grew unencapsulated C. neoformans. He was initiated on induction therapy with amphotericin B plus flucytosine and consolidation/maintenance therapy with flucytosine, but he died following discharge due to complications. Elevated levels of CSF Th1 cytokines and decreased IL6 may have affected the virulence and detection of the pathogen.
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