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Torres-Huerta A, Ruley-Haase K, Reed T, Boger-May A, Rubadeux D, Mayer L, Rajashekara AM, Hiller M, Frech M, Roncagli C, Pedersen C, Camacho MC, Hollmer L, English L, Kane G, Boone DL. Retinoid orphan receptor gamma t (rorγt) promotes inflammatory eosinophilia but is dispensable for innate immune-mediated colitis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300892. [PMID: 38512959 PMCID: PMC10956760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa leading to damage and loss of function. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the inflammation of IBD and innate and adaptive immune cells reciprocally activate each other in a forward feedback loop. In order to better understand innate immune contributions to IBD, we developed a model of spontaneous 100% penetrant, early onset colitis that occurs in the absence of adaptive immunity by crossing villin-TNFAIP3 mice to RAG1-/- mice (TRAG mice). This model is driven by microbes and features increased levels of innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal mucosa. To investigate the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the innate colitis of TRAG mice, we crossed them to retinoid orphan receptor gamma t deficient (Rorγt-/-) mice. Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice exhibited markedly reduced eosinophilia in the colonic mucosa, but colitis persisted in these mice. Colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was characterized by increased infiltration of the intestinal mucosa by neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and other innate cells. RNA and cellular profiles of Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice were consistent with a lack of ILC3 and ILC3 derived cytokines, reduced antimicrobial factors, increased activation oof epithelial repair processes and reduced activation of epithelial cell STAT3. The colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was ameliorated by antibiotic treatment indicating that microbes contribute to the ILC3-independent colitis of these mice. Together, these gene expression and cell signaling signatures reflect the double-edged sword of ILC3 in the intestine, inducing both proinflammatory and antimicrobial protective responses. Thus, Rorγt promotes eosinophilia but Rorγt and Rorγt-dependent ILC3 are dispensable for the innate colitis in TRAG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Huerta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Ruley-Haase
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Theodore Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Antonia Boger-May
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Derek Rubadeux
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Mayer
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Morgan Hiller
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Frech
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Connor Roncagli
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Cameron Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Mary Catherine Camacho
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hollmer
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren English
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Grace Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
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Maiti G, Ashworth S, Choi T, Chakravarti S. Molecular cues for immune cells from small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in their extracellular matrix-associated and free forms. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:48-58. [PMID: 37793508 PMCID: PMC10841460 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we highlight emerging immune regulatory functions of lumican, keratocan, fibromodulin, biglycan and decorin, which are members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These SLRPs have been studied extensively as collagen-fibril regulatory structural components of the skin, cornea, bone and cartilage in homeostasis. However, SLRPs released from a remodeling ECM, or synthesized by activated fibroblasts and immune cells contribute to an ECM-free pool in tissues and circulation, that may have a significant, but poorly understood foot print in inflammation and disease. Their molecular interactions and the signaling networks they influence also require investigations. Here we present studies on the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs of SLRP core proteins, their evolutionary and functional relationships with other LRR pathogen recognition receptors, such as the toll-like receptors (TLRs) to bring some molecular clarity in the immune regulatory functions of SLRPs. We discuss molecular interactions of fragments and intact SLRPs, and how some of these interactions are likely modulated by glycosaminoglycan side chains. We integrate findings on molecular interactions of these SLRPs together with what is known about their presence in circulation and lymph nodes (LN), which are important sites of immune cell regulation. Recent bulk and single cell RNA sequencing studies have identified subsets of stromal reticular cells that express these SLRPs within LNs. An understanding of the cellular source, molecular interactions and signaling consequences will lead to a fundamental understanding of how SLRPs modulate immune responses, and to therapeutic tools based on these SLRPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean Ashworth
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tansol Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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3
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Istiaq A, Ohta K. A review on Tsukushi: mammalian development, disorders, and therapy. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:505-513. [PMID: 35233735 PMCID: PMC9733752 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK), a leucine-rich peptidoglycan in the extracellular compartment, mediates multiple signaling pathways that are critical for development and metabolism. TSK regulates signaling pathways that eventually control cellular communication, proliferation, and cell fate determination. Research on TSK has become more sophisticated in recent years, illustrating its involvement in the physiology and pathophysiology of neural, genetic, and metabolic diseases. In a recent study, we showed that TSK therapy reversed the pathophysiological abnormalities of the hydrocephalic (a neurological disorder) brain in mice. This review summarizes the roles of TSK in key signaling processes in the mammalian development, disorders, and evaluating its possible therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Istiaq
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan ,Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 860-8555 Kumamoto, Japan ,HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, 860-8555 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
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Istiaq A, Umemoto T, Ito N, Suda T, Shimamura K, Ohta K. Tsukushi proteoglycan maintains RNA splicing and developmental signaling network in GFAP-expressing subventricular zone neural stem/progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994588. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK) proteoglycan dysfunction leads to hydrocephalus, a condition defined by excessive fluid collection in the ventricles and lateral ventricular enlargement. TSK injections into the LV at birth are effective at rescuing the lateral ventricle (LV). TSK regulates the activation of the Wnt signaling to facilitate the proper expansion of the LV and maintain the fate of the neural stem cell lineage. However, the molecular mechanism by which TSK acts on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) during LV development is unknown. We demonstrated that TSK is crucial for the splicing and development-associated gene regulation of GFAP-expressing subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs. We isolated GFAP-expressing NSCs from the SVZ of wild-type (GFAPGFP/+/TSK+/+) and TSK knock-out (GFAPGFP/+/TSK−/−) mice on postnatal day 3 and compared their transcriptome and splicing profiles. TSK deficiency in NSCs resulted in genome-wide missplicing (alteration in exon usage) and transcriptional dysregulation affecting the post-transcriptional regulatory processes (including splicing, cell cycle, and circadian rhythm) and developmental signaling networks specific to the cell (including Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and mTOR signaling). Furthermore, TSK deficiency prominently affected the splicing of genes encoding RNA and DNA binding proteins in the nervous SVZ and non-nervous muscle tissues. These results suggested that TSK is involved in the maintenance of correct splicing and gene regulation in GFAP-expressing NSCs, thereby protecting cell fate and LV development. Hence, our study provides a critical insight on hydrocephalus development.
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Li YY, Wu XN, Deng X, Zhang PP, Li HX, Chen K, Wu DP, Gu T, Wang CX, Zhao L, Wang D, Yang L, Yuan GY. Serum Tsukushi levels are elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108987. [PMID: 34329693 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tsukushi, a newly identified hepatokine, has been recently characterized as a potent modifier in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, but the role of Tsukushi in diabetes remains almost unknown. We detected for the first time the serum Tsukushi levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, exploring the relationship between Tsukushi and various metabolic parameters. METHODS A total of 172 participants were recruited, including 86 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 86 subjects with normal glucose tolerance according to oral glucose tolerance test. Serum Tsukushi was measured by ELISA. The insulin resistance, pancreas β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β), Stumvoll insulin sensitivity index (ISIstumvoll) and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate (MCRstumvoll). RESULTS Serum Tsukushi was significantly higher in type 2 diabetes than in normal glucose tolerance [1.22(0.86,1.74) vs 0.8(0.5,1.38) ng/mL; P < 0.001]. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI, 2-h post-OGTT glucose and TC were independently related factors influencing Tsukushi. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that Tsukushi was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes independently. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Tsukushi levels significantly increase in patients with type 2 diabetes, which suggest that Tsukushi may play a role in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao-Xiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dan-Ping Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tian Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen-Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Guo-Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Deng X, Li Y, Guo C, Zhao Z, Yuan G. Novel roles of Tsukushi in signaling pathways and multiple disease processes. Biofactors 2021; 47:512-521. [PMID: 33759220 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK), a newly identified hepatokine, is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) family. TSK was originally isolated and identified in the lens of the chicken. Preliminary research on TSK has focused on its role in various physiological processes such as growth and development, wound healing, and cartilage formation. In recent years, the role of TSK in regulating cell signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and differentiation has been studied. In addition, the research has gradually expanded to the fields of glycolipid metabolism and energy balance. This article briefly reviews the role of TSK in the physiological and pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Huang H, Zhang D, Fu J, Zhao L, Li D, Sun H, Liu X, Xu J, Tian T, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Tsukushi is a novel prognostic biomarker and correlates with tumor-infiltrating B cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4428-4451. [PMID: 33428594 PMCID: PMC7906171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A recent study has reported that tsukushi (TSKU) may be related to the development of lung cancer. However, few studies focused on if TSKU associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The effect of TSKU expression on prognosis with NSCLC was analyzed in the PrognoScan database and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The composition of tumor infiltrating cells was quantified by methylation and expression data. We combined levels of tumor infiltrating cells with TSKU to evaluate the survival of patients. The analysis of a cohort (GSE31210, N=204) of lung cancer patients demonstrated that high TSKU expression was strongly associated with poor overall survival (P =1.90E-05). The combination of high TSKU expression and low infiltration B cells identified a subtype of patients with poor survival in NSCLC. Besides, the proportion of B cells in NSCLC patients with TSKU hypermethylation were higher than those patients with TSKU hypomethylation (P <0.001). Overall, high TSKU expression combined with low infiltration of B cells may associate with a poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. TSKU might be a potential prognostic biomarker involved in tumor immune infiltration in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhou S, Yin X, Mayr M, Noor M, Hylands PJ, Xu Q. Proteomic landscape of TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in renal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19054. [PMID: 33149203 PMCID: PMC7642370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a premier role in fibrosis. To understand the molecular events underpinning TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, we examined the proteomic profiling of a TGF-β1-induced in vitro model of fibrosis in NRK-49F normal rat kidney fibroblasts. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that 628 cell-lysate proteins enriched in 44 cellular component clusters, 24 biological processes and 27 molecular functions were regulated by TGF-β1. Cell-lysate proteins regulated by TGF-β1 were characterised by increased ribosomal proteins and dysregulated proteins involved in multiple metabolic pathways, including reduced Aldh3a1 and induced Enpp1 and Impdh2, which were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In conditioned media, 62 proteins enriched in 20 cellular component clusters, 40 biological processes and 7 molecular functions were regulated by TGF-β1. Secretomic analysis and ELISA uncovered dysregulated collagen degradation regulators (induced PAI-1 and reduced Mmp3), collagen crosslinker (induced Plod2), signalling molecules (induced Ccn1, Ccn2 and Tsku, and reduced Ccn3) and chemokines (induced Ccl2 and Ccl7) in the TGF-β1 group. We conclude that TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in renal fibroblasts is an intracellular metabolic disorder and is inherently coupled with inflammation mediated by chemokines. Proteomic profiling established in this project may guide development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies in a network pharmacology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhou
- Renal Science and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mazhar Noor
- Renal Science and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Hylands
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qihe Xu
- Renal Science and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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9
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Pang X, Dong N, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Skin Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1649. [PMID: 32063855 PMCID: PMC6997777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nuo Dong
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Ahmad SAI, Anam MB, Istiaq A, Ito N, Ohta K. Tsukushi is essential for proper maintenance and terminal differentiation of mouse hippocampal neural stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:108-117. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- HIGO Program Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Arif Istiaq
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- HIGO Program Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- HIGO Program Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED‐CREST) Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Tokyo Japan
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11
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Martinez VG, Pankova V, Krasny L, Singh T, Makris S, White IJ, Benjamin AC, Dertschnig S, Horsnell HL, Kriston-Vizi J, Burden JJ, Huang PH, Tape CJ, Acton SE. Fibroblastic Reticular Cells Control Conduit Matrix Deposition during Lymph Node Expansion. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2810-2822.e5. [PMID: 31775047 PMCID: PMC6899512 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) act as filters, constantly sampling peripheral cues. This is facilitated by the conduit network, a tubular structure of aligned extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils ensheathed by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). LNs undergo rapid 3- to 5-fold expansion during adaptive immune responses, but these ECM-rich structures are not permanently damaged. Whether conduit flow or filtering function is affected during LN expansion is unknown. Here, we show that conduits are partially disrupted during acute LN expansion, but FRC-FRC contacts remain connected. We reveal that polarized FRCs deposit ECM basolaterally using LL5-β and that ECM production is regulated at transcriptional and secretory levels by the C-type lectin CLEC-2, expressed by dendritic cells. Inflamed LNs maintain conduit size exclusion, and flow is disrupted but persists, indicating the robustness of this structure despite rapid tissue expansion. We show how dynamic communication between peripheral tissues and LNs provides a mechanism to prevent inflammation-induced fibrosis in lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Martinez
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Valeriya Pankova
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tanya Singh
- Bioinformatics Image Core, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ian J White
- Electron Microscopy Facility, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Agnesska C Benjamin
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Simone Dertschnig
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Harry L Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Bioinformatics Image Core, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- Electron Microscopy Facility, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J Tape
- Cell Communication Lab, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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12
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Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Mitchell PL, Guénard F, Festuccia WT, Joubert P, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Barbier O, Morissette MC, Marette A, Laplante M. The Hepatokine TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2019; 30:184-191. [PMID: 31767170 PMCID: PMC6889588 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hepatokines are proteins secreted by the liver that impact the functions of the liver and various tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Recently, Tsukushi (TSK) was identified as a new hepatokine that is induced by obesity and cold exposure. It was proposed that TSK controls sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that loss of TSK protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis. Here we report the impact of deleting and/or overexpressing TSK on BAT thermogenic capacity, body weight regulation, and glucose homeostasis. Methods We measured the expression of thermogenic genes and markers of BAT innervation and activation in TSK-null and TSK-overexpressing mice. Body weight, body temperature, and parameters of glucose homeostasis were also assessed in the context of TSK loss and overexpression. Results The loss of TSK did not affect the thermogenic activation of BAT. We found that TSK-null mice were not protected against the development of obesity and did not show improvement in glucose tolerance. The overexpression of TSK also failed to modulate thermogenesis, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis in mice. Conclusions TSK is not a significant regulator of BAT thermogenesis and is unlikely to represent an effective target to prevent obesity and improve glucose homeostasis. Loss of TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity. Loss of TSK does not protect mice against the development of obesity. Loss of TSK does not improve glucose homeostasis. Overexpression of TSK does not affect thermogenesis, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Manal Aldow
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Inés Kaci
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; IPS Thérapeutique, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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13
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Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Mitchell PL, Guénard F, Festuccia WT, Joubert P, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Barbier O, Morissette MC, Marette A, Laplante M. The hepatokine Tsukushi is released in response to NAFLD and impacts cholesterol homeostasis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129492. [PMID: 31391339 PMCID: PMC6693835 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevails in obesity and is linked to several health complications including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. How exactly NAFLD induces atherogenic dyslipidemia to promote cardiovascular diseases is still elusive. Here, we identify Tsukushi (TSK) as a hepatokine induced in response to NAFLD. We show that both endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation promote the expression and release of TSK in mice. In humans, hepatic TSK expression is also associated with steatosis, and its circulating levels are markedly increased in patients suffering from acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF), a condition linked to severe hepatic inflammation. In these patients, elevated blood TSK levels were associated with decreased transplant-free survival at hospital discharge, suggesting that TSK could have a prognostic significance. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice revealed that TSK impacts systemic cholesterol homeostasis. TSK reduces circulating HDL cholesterol, lowers cholesterol efflux capacity, and decreases cholesterol-to-bile acid conversion in the liver. Our data identify the hepatokine TSK as a blood biomarker of liver stress that could link NAFLD to the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Manal Aldow
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Inès Kaci
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- IPS Thérapeutique, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V. Varin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constantine J. Karvellas
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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14
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Yamada T, Ohta K, Motooka Y, Fujino K, Kudoh S, Tenjin Y, Sato Y, Matsuo A, Ikeda K, Suzuki M, Ito T. Significance of Tsukushi in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Zhao Z, Partridge V, Sousares M, Shelton SD, Holland CL, Pertsemlidis A, Du L. microRNA-2110 functions as an onco-suppressor in neuroblastoma by directly targeting Tsukushi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208777. [PMID: 30550571 PMCID: PMC6294380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA-2110 (miR-2110) was previously identified as inducing neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell lines BE(2)-C, suggesting its differentiation-inducing and oncosuppressive function in neuroblastoma. In this study, we demonstrated that synthetic miR-2110 mimic had a generic effect on reducing cell survival in neuroblastoma cell lines with distinct genetic backgrounds, although the induction of cell differentiation traits varied between cell lines. In investigating the mechanisms underlying such functions of miR-2110, we identified that among its predicted target genes down-regulated by miR-2110, knockdown of Tsukushi (TSKU) expression showed the most potent effect in inducing cell differentiation and reducing cell survival, suggesting that TSKU protein plays a key role in mediating the functions of miR-2110. In investigating the clinical relevance of miR-2110 and TSKU expression in neuroblastoma patients, we found that low tumor miR-2110 levels were significantly correlated with high tumor TSKU mRNA levels, and that both low miR-2110 and high TSKU mRNA levels were significantly correlated with poor patient survival. These findings altogether support the oncosuppressive function of miR-2110 and suggest an important role for miR-2110 and its target TSKU in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and in determining patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veronica Partridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michaela Sousares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Spencer D. Shelton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cory L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Chow KT, Driscoll C, Loo YM, Knoll M, Gale M. IRF5 regulates unique subset of genes in dendritic cells during West Nile virus infection. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:411-425. [PMID: 30457675 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0318-136rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signaling is critical for triggering innate immune activation and the expression of immune response genes, including genes that impart restriction against virus replication. RIG-I-like receptors and TLRs are PRRs that signal immune activation and drive the expression of antiviral genes and the production of type I IFN leading to induction of IFN-stimulated genes, in part through the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. Previous studies with West Nile virus (WNV) showed that IRF3 and IRF7 regulate IFN expression in fibroblasts and neurons, whereas macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) retained the ability to induce IFN-β in the absence of IRF3 and IRF7 in a manner implicating IRF5 in PRR signaling actions. Here we assessed the contribution of IRF5 to immune gene induction in response to WNV infection in DCs. We examined IRF5-dependent gene expression and found that loss of IRF5 in mice resulted in modest and subtle changes in the expression of WNV-regulated genes. Anti-IRF5 chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA coupled with mRNA analysis revealed unique IRF5 binding motifs within the mouse genome that are distinct from the canonical IRF binding motif and that link with IRF5-target gene expression. Using integrative bioinformatics analyses, we identified new IRF5 primary target genes in DCs in response to virus infection. This study provides novel insights into the distinct and unique innate immune and immune gene regulatory program directed by IRF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan T Chow
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Connor Driscoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Ohta K, Aoyama E, Ahmad SAI, Ito N, Anam MB, Kubota S, Takigawa M. CCN2/CTGF binds the small leucine rich proteoglycan protein Tsukushi. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:113-118. [PMID: 30232710 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular molecules coordinate the multiple signaling pathways spatiotemporally to exchange information between cells during development. Understanding the regulation of these signal molecule-dependent pathways elucidates the mechanism of intercellular crosstalks. CCN2/CTGF is one of the CCN family members that binds BMP2, fibronectin, aggrecan, FGFR2 - regulating cartilage and bone formation, angiogenesis, wound repair etc. Tsukushi (TSK), which belongs to the Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan (SLRP) family, binds nodal/Vg1/TGF-β1, BMP4/chordin, Delta, FGF8, Frizzled4, and is involved in the early body formation, bone growth, wound healing, retinal stem cell regulation etc. These two secreted molecules are expressed in similar tissues and involved in several biological events by functioning as extracellular signaling modulators. Here, we examine the molecular interaction between CCN2 and TSK biochemically. Co-precipitation assay and Surface Plasmon Resonance measurement showed their direct binding with the Kd value 15.3 nM. Further, the Solid-phase Binding Assay indicated that TSK binds to IGFBP and CT domains of CCN2. Our data suggest that CCN2 and TSK exert their function together in the body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Global COE Cell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0881, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Eriko Aoyama
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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18
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Ahmad SAI, Anam MB, Ito N, Ohta K. Involvement of Tsukushi in diverse developmental processes. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:205-210. [PMID: 29352451 PMCID: PMC5842206 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK) is a small signaling molecule which takes part in different developmental processes of multiple vertebrate organisms. The diverse activity of TSK depends on its ability to bind various intermediate molecules from different major signaling pathways. Interactions of TSK with BMP, FGF, TGF-β and Wnt pathways have already been confirmed. In this review, we will introduce the latest information regarding the involvement of TSK in developmental events. We suggest a fine tuning role for TSK in multiple signaling cascades. Also, we recommend further studies on the developmental role of TSK to fully reveal its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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19
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Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans. Matrix Biol 2015; 42:11-55. [PMID: 25701227 PMCID: PMC4859157 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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