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Judkins JL, Collette T, Gomes Student K, Moore BA. Examining student well-being: Development and initial validation of the perceived vulnerability and hardiness scale. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2840-2847. [PMID: 35077271 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1998072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to assess the factor structure and establish measurement invariance across sex for the Perceived Vulnerability and Hardiness Scale. PARTICIPANTS Sample 1 (N = 377) and Sample 2 (N = 401) were volunteers from six large southern universities. METHODS Iterative and collaborative survey-based focus groups were used to create the final version of the PVHS. RESULTS A two-factor model was identified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The psychological hardiness subscale was found to positively correlate with hardiness and resilience, and negatively correlate with psychosocial functioning, depression, and anxiety. The vulnerability subscale was found to positively, strongly correlate with the anxiety, psychological vulnerability, and psychosocial functioning, and negatively correlate with the hardiness and resilience. Men and women interpreted the PVHS in an equivalent manner. CONCLUSIONS This brief measure provides researchers, counselors, and administrations a method for general assessment, intervention effectiveness, and evaluation of campus climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Judkins
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler Collette
- Office of Research, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Brian A Moore
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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Kuang X, Lee JCK, Chen J. Chinese Virtues and Resilience among Students in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3769. [PMID: 36834462 PMCID: PMC9967231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Character strengths and training have a great impact on students' whole-person development. This study examined the applicability of the Chinese virtues questionnaire (CVQ) and the relationships between students' perceptions of virtues and resilience in Hong Kong, SAR, China. A total of 2468 pupils from primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong were recruited as the sample for this study. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a measurement model of Chinese virtues, and the results of structural equation modeling (SEM) suggested that Chinese virtues were positively related to positive resilience and succumbing. Significant relationships were found between gender and students' positive resilience, and school grade level showed a significant impact on the Chinese virtues, which in turn affect resilience. Student resilience could be enhanced by nurturing virtues and related character strengths, keeping in mind the role of gender and grade level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Kuang
- Department of Education, School of Education (Normal School), Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - John Chi-Kin Lee
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Nobre J, Luis H, Oliveira AP, Monteiro F, Cordeiro R, Sequeira C, Ferré-Grau C. Psychological Vulnerability Indices and the Adolescent's Good Mental Health Factors: A Correlational Study in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1961. [PMID: 36553404 PMCID: PMC9777048 DOI: 10.3390/children9121961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psychological vulnerability (PV) indicates the individual’s inability to adapt to stressful situations. Adolescents experience negative impacts on their future mental health if they do not acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to have good mental health during their developmental stage. Aim: To compare the PV index among the three stages of adolescence and to explore the factors involved in good mental health, including the relationship between adolescents’ PV indices and sociodemographic variables, and the relationship between adolescents’ PV index and their knowledge of the factors that characterize good mental health. Method: An exploratory, cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out in three public schools in a region of Portugal, using online self-completed questionnaires: the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS) and the Mental Health-Promoting Knowledge (MHPK-10). Results: Our convenience sample consisted of 260 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.07 years who were students between 5th and 12th grades, mostly female. Moderate PV indexes were obtained that were higher in late adolescence, i.e., in older adolescents, who were females in a more advanced school year, with worse self-perceptions of their physical and mental health and body image, and who frequently used a health service due to mental health problems. The association between the PV index and the level of knowledge about the factors involved in good mental health did not reach a statistical significance (p = 0.06). Conclusions: These results suggest a need for a design of personalized interventions that promote adolescents’ mental health literacy, that prevent PV, and that should be initiated in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nobre
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Nursing Research Unit for South and Islands (NURSE’IN), Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-503 Setúbal, Portugal
- VALORIZA—Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Henrique Luis
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Oliveira
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Monteiro
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Raul Cordeiro
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- VALORIZA—Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Group Inovation & Development in Nursing (NursID), Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Sequeira
- Group Inovation & Development in Nursing (NursID), Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Nursing School of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carme Ferré-Grau
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
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Nogueira MJ, Seabra P, Alves P, Teixeira D, Carvalho JC, Sequeira C. Predictors of positive mental health in higher education students. A cross-sectional predictive study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2942-2949. [PMID: 35974676 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe positive mental health (PMH) psychological vulnerability (PV) and identify predictors of PMH in higher education students (HES). DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional, predictive study was performed with a convenience sample of 3322 students, using an online questionnaire with sociodemographic information, the PMH Questionnaire, and the PV Scale. FINDINGS The majority scored a flourishing level, and 67.7% of the participants scored high levels of PV. The Regression Model found a significant predictive variable for PMH. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Gender, age, regular exercise, healthy diet, number of meals per day, and leisure activities are significant positive predictors of PMH. PV is the sole significant negative predictor. Therefore, improving mental health literacy can be a strategy to support HES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Nogueira
- Nursing School of São João de Deus, Évora University, Évora, Portugal.,Center for Health Services and Technology Research (CINTESIS-NursID), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Seabra
- Nursing School of Lisbon (ESEL), Lisbon, Portugal.,The Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR) and at Center for Health Services and Technology Research (CINTESIS-NursID), Portela LRS, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Alves
- ACES Porto Occidental-Northern Regional Health Administration, The Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto University-Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, The Research Group "NursID: Innovation & Development in Nursing"-Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Delfina Teixeira
- Nursing School of São João de Deus, Évora University, Évora, Portugal.,ICBAS, Center for Health Services and Technology Research (CINTESIS-NursID), Portela LRS, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Carvalho
- Center for Health Services and Technology Research (CINTESIS-NursID), Porto, Portugal.,Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Sequeira
- Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Services and Technology Research (CINTESIS-NursID) e UNIESEP, Portela LRS, Portugal.,Nursing, Nursing School of São João de Deus, Évora, University, Portugal, Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Portugal, Évora, Portugal
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Yamaguchi S, Kawata Y, Murofushi Y, Ota T. The development and validation of an emotional vulnerability scale for university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:941250. [PMID: 36186345 PMCID: PMC9521647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed an emotional vulnerability scale and examined its reliability and validity with a sample of university students. In health psychology, a measurement of emotional pain (“hurt feelings”) can contribute to the prevention and improvement of physical and mental health problems in daily life. We collected data from 361 Japanese university students (186 men and 175 women; mean age = 19.6 ± 0.98 years). From preliminary interviews with 20 participants, 42 semantic units were extracted. For scale development, a questionnaire survey was conducted using the 42 extracted categories, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Four factors (16 items) emerged, which were both reliable and valid: (1) “vulnerability toward criticism or denial,” (2) “vulnerability toward worsening relationships,” (3) “vulnerability toward interpersonal discord,” and (4) “vulnerability toward procrastination and emotional avoidance.” This scale can be useful to understand vulnerability in everyday situations and grasp the vulnerable conditions experienced by individuals. This can help prevent stress responses (such as depression and sadness) and mental health problems, which are valuable contributions to health psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kawata
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuka Murofushi
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Ota
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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López-Madrigal C, García-Manglano J, de la Fuente Arias J. A Path Analysis Model of Self- vs. Educational-Context- Regulation as Combined Predictors of Well-Being in Spanish College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610223. [PMID: 36011857 PMCID: PMC9408051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature has established the importance of personal and contextual factors in college students' trajectories. Following the Self- vs. External-Regulation Behavior Theory (2021) and the 3P Biggs Model, the present study aimed at analyzing a structural linear model that validates the joint effect of self-regulation, educational context, age, and gender (as personal and contextual presage variables) with other meta-abilities, such as coping strategies, resilience, and positivity (process variables), and specific well-being outcomes, such as flourishing and health (product variables). A sample of 1310 Spanish college students was analyzed, aged 17 to 25, and a cross-sectional study with an ex post facto design was performed. Association and structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SPSS software (v.26) and AMOS (v.23). Results show that individual and contextual factors have an important role in the acquisition of psychological competencies in young adults. Self-regulation was proven to be an important meta-ability that predicts personal well-being and behavioral health outcomes. Complementarily, educational context was shown to be an external predictor of other skills, such as problem-focused strategies, and positive outcomes such as flourishing and behavioral health. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López-Madrigal
- Institute of Culture and Society, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jesús de la Fuente Arias
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Linking the effects of mindfulness and strengths use on work engagement: Two three-wave longitudinal studies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Qin C, Cheng X, Huang Y, Xu S, Liu K, Tian M, Liao X, Zhou X, Xiang B, Lei W, Chen J. Character strengths as protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescent. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2022; 35:16. [PMID: 35641705 PMCID: PMC9156651 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Character strengths could effectively prevent negative psychological outcomes in adults. However, there was little research conducted among early adolescents. The present study aimed to explore character strengths that were independently related to fewer behavior problems in early adolescents. In total, 521 early adolescents (mean age 10.92 ± 0.04, range 10-12 years) were recruited from primary schools in Sichuan, China. Character strengths were measured using the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth). Behavior problems were measured using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The results showed that behavior problems were negatively correlated with character strengths (r = -0.14 to -0.3, p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). Character strengths explained a significant proportion of additional variance (14-22%) in five types of behavior problems after controlling the effect of demographic factors (residence, left-behind experiences, maternal education level). Moreover, several specific character strengths showed an independent contribution (β = -0.34 to -0.14 for self-regulation, perseverance, zest, humility, and leadership; β = 0.21 to 0.34, for hope; all p < 0.05) to behavior problems. Our study revealed that character strengths were protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyuan Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
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Shorey S, Chan V, Rajendran P, Ang E. Learning styles, preferences and needs of generation Z healthcare students: Scoping review. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 57:103247. [PMID: 34768214 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This scoping review aimed to consolidate evidence of the learning styles, preferences and needs of Generation (Gen) Z healthcare students. BACKGROUND It is essential to update the educational framework and pedagogy to meet each generation's distinct learning styles and preferences. DESIGN A scoping review of published and unpublished data. METHODS Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus) were searched for studies written in English from June 2016 to July 2021. The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) five-stage framework was adopted to guide this review: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results using a thematic analysis. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included and based on the thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) attributes of Gen Z healthcare students; (2) learning styles of Gen Z healthcare students; (3) learning preferences and needs of Gen Z healthcare students; and (4) teaching the Gen Z healthcare students: future directions and recommendations for educators. The findings implied more culturally diverse studies that adopt the mixed-methods or qualitative design are needed to capture deeper insights about Gen Z and in examining the effectiveness of technology integration and digital storytelling to boost students' learning and confidence in their future careers. CONCLUSIONS Technology, campus resources and self-care strategies must be carefully integrated and planned to ensure an optimal and a safe learning environment for the students. The specific preferences and needs of the unique healthcare disciplines and educational subjects could be examined. A theory-based framework could be considered in designing future pedagogy. These future directions could allow educators to initiate vital change agents in guiding, supporting and nurturing students across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Valerie Chan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Priyadharshni Rajendran
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Head of Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Group Chief Nurse, National University Health System (NUHS), Head of Psychosocial Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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