1
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Ashe JJ, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Absent Relations of Religious Coping to Telomere Length in African American and White Women and Men. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:459-481. [PMID: 37258109 PMCID: PMC10687320 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2219187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether race and sex moderated the relations of religious coping to telomere length (TL), a biomarker of cellular aging implicated in race-related health disparities. METHODS Participant data were drawn from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, which included 252 socioeconomically diverse African American and White men and women aged (30-64 years old). Cross-sectional multivariable regression analyses examined interactive associations of religious coping, race, and sex to TL, adjusting for other sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Religious coping was unrelated to TL in this sample (p's > .05). There were no notable race or sex differences. Post hoc exploratory analyses similarly found that neither secular social support coping use nor substance use coping was associated with TL. CONCLUSION There was no evidence to support that religious coping use provided protective effects to TL in this sample of African American and White women and men. Nevertheless, future studies should use more comprehensive assessments of religious coping and intersectional identities to provide an in-depth examination of religiosity/spirituality as a potential culturally salient protective factor in cellular aging among African Americans in the context of specific chronic stressors such as discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Ashe
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Shari R. Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, US
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
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2
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Merritt CC, Muscatell KA. Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in Black Americans: Exploring Inflammation as a Mechanism and Perceived Control as a Protective Factor. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:181-191. [PMID: 38436661 PMCID: PMC11001516 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation may be an integral physiological mechanism through which discrimination impacts cardiovascular health and contributes to racial health disparities. Limited research has examined psychosocial factors that protect against the negative effects of discrimination on inflammation. Perceived control is a promising possible protective factor, given that it has been shown to moderate the relationship between other psychosocial stressors and physiological outcomes. This study thus tested whether systemic inflammation mediated the link between discrimination and cardiovascular health and whether perceived control moderated this relationship. METHODS Data for this project included 347 non-Hispanic/Latinx Black adults (mean [standard deviation] age = 51.64 [11.24] years; 33% female) taken from the Midlife in the United States study. Perceived control and daily discrimination were assessed via self-report, and inflammation was measured via circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and tumor necrosis factor α. Cardiovascular health was measured by morbidity of cardiovascular conditions: heart disease, hypertension, and/or stroke. RESULTS CRP (indirect effect: b = 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001-0.007) and fibrinogen (indirect effect: b = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.0003-0.005) mediated the link between discrimination and cardiovascular conditions. Perceived control moderated the relationship between discrimination and CRP ( F (1, 293) = 4.58, Δ R2 = 0.013, b = -0.02, SE = 0.01, p = .033). CRP mediated the link between discrimination and cardiovascular conditions only for those who reported low levels of perceived control (Index = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.007 to -0.0001). CONCLUSION Findings provide empirical evidence of inflammation as a mechanism linking discrimination to cardiovascular conditions among Black Americans. Additionally, perceived control may be protective. Findings could suggest beliefs about control as a potential intervention target to help reduce the negative effects of discrimination on cardiovascular health among Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrington C. Merritt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Keely A. Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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3
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Harris LK, Berry DC, Cortés YI. Psychosocial factors related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young African American Women: a systematic review. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1806-1824. [PMID: 34668802 PMCID: PMC9018871 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1990218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African American women are exposed to multiple adverse psychosocial factors, including racism, discrimination, poverty, neighborhood stress, anxiety, and depression. The impact of these psychosocial factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women during early adulthood is limited. This review aims to summarize and synthesize the recent literature on psychosocial factors related to CVD risk in young African American women. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature in PubMed, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL. We systematically reviewed the literature for studies examining associations between psychosocial factors (e.g. racism, discrimination, neighborhood stress, anxiety) and CVD risk factors (e.g. body mass index [BMI], blood pressure, diabetes) in African American women age 19-24 years. Eligible studies measured at least one psychosocial factor, a CVD risk factor, and included young adult African American women (age 19-24) or reported sex-stratified analyses. RESULTS We identified nine studies that met our inclusion criteria: six cross-sectional and three longitudinal studies. Of these, eight studies reported that psychosocial factors (i.e. perceived stress, racial discrimination, internalized racism, depression) are related to higher BMI and blood pressure. The majority of studies were conducted among college students or had a small sample size (<200). The quality of six studies was rated as excellent; the remainder were good and fair. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review suggest that exposure to adverse psychosocial factors may be related to increased CVD risk in early adulthood (age 19-24) in African American women. However, larger prospective analyses are necessary to examine these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latesha K. Harris
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diane C. Berry
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yamnia I. Cortés
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Sosoo EE, MacCormack JK, Neblett EW. Psychophysiological and affective reactivity to vicarious police violence. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14065. [PMID: 35543565 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how vicarious police violence, or instances of police violence observed but not directly experienced, impacts health among Black individuals. Using a lab-based paradigm in a sample of young adults (N = 101), this study examined: (a) psychophysiological reactivity to instances of vicarious police violence, particularly the assault and shooting of Black individuals; (b) affective reactivity to instances of vicarious police violence; and (c) how racial identity, one important moderator, influences psychophysiological and affective responses to vicarious police violence. Using electrocardiography and impedance cardiography, participants' cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic physiological responses were continuously monitored. Three sets of high-quality color photographs (neutral, non-violent distress, violence) were viewed on a computer. Participants rated their affect after each set using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Following this task, racial identity was assessed using the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity-Short Form. Findings indicated that vicarious police violence was associated with greater sympathetic reactivity and negative affect relative to the neutral and non-violent distress conditions. Additionally, higher levels of racial centrality exacerbated the association between vicarious police violence and negative affect. Findings suggest that Black individuals may wish to limit their consumption of media depicting the assault and shooting of other Black individuals, with the caveat that the best solution is ultimately the cessation of police violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effua E Sosoo
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer K MacCormack
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Enrique W Neblett
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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5
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Whinery ED, Musleh A, Brown EA, Alford Z, Anigbogu JC, Ellingwood L, Espinoza MA, Hawkins G, Kammer K, Krause K, Olson LE. Physiological Responses to Narrative Anger Recall and Correlates to Anger, Forgiveness, and Rumination. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Narrative recall, or describing an event from one’s past, is a common method to study anger in the laboratory. However, most research using this method has not included a neutral speaking control, and therefore the physiological response attributable to emotion versus the act of speech is unknown. We evaluated heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance level, heart rate variability, and salivary alpha-amylase during silent baseline, neutral speaking, anger recall, and recovery periods, and correlated these measures with trait anger, forgiveness, and rumination ( n = 104). Only systolic blood pressure and skin conductance levels were elevated in the anger recall period above the values in the neutral speaking period, showing the need for this important control. Alpha-amylase was inversely correlated to forgiveness, particularly in females. A neutral speaking control is critical for anger recall protocols because the physiological responses are mostly due to speaking, not anger. Salivary alpha-amylase may be a promising autonomic marker in studies of forgiveness and anger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya Musleh
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - Emily A. Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Alford
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - Joe C. Anigbogu
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Greg Hawkins
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - Kaisa Kammer
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Krause
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - Lisa E. Olson
- Department of Biology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
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6
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Glover CS, Li H. PARENT SOCIALIZATION TO RACIAL COPING: IMPLICATIONS FOR BLACK EMERGING ADULTS’ GROWTH MINDSET AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2021.2014279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Thayer JF, Carnevali L, Sgoifo A, Williams DP. Angry in America: Psychophysiological Responses to Unfair Treatment. Ann Behav Med 2021; 54:924-931. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
African Americans have the highest rates of hypertension-related disease of any ethnic group in the USA. Importantly, racism and discrimination have been linked to these higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Discrimination is deleterious not only to those that are the recipients of this unfair treatment but also to the partners and family members of those affected as well to those that perpetrate this bias.
Purpose
In this paper, we identify a unique pattern of physiological response to unfair treatment, we have called the “cardiovascular conundrum.” This pattern is characterized by greater heart rate variability and greater total peripheral resistance in African Americans compared to their European American counterparts.
Methods and Results
We review the evidence supporting the existence of this pattern and propose several physiological and psychological factors that might underpin it. We also propose a number of factors that might help to mitigate the deleterious effects associated with it.
Conclusions
Whereas the context of the current review is on Black/White disparities the framework we propose may be relevant to others exposed to unfair treatment. Ultimately, the systemic factors that perpetuate these inequalities will require that we first acknowledge and then face the challenges they present if we are to address the wealth and health disparities in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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8
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Denominational and Gender Differences in Hypertension Among African American Christian Young Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:1332-1343. [PMID: 33067763 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor, is disproportionately prevalent among African American young adults. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been studied for their potential effect on blood pressure (BP) outcomes. Despite their disproportionate hypertension risk and high levels of R/S engagement, limited research explores BP differences among religious African Americans. This study investigates whether denominational affiliation predicts within-group differences in odds of having hypertension among African American Christian young adults. Data from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were used to examine hypertension differences between 1932 African American young adults based on self-reported religious denomination. Gender-separated logistic regressions included religious service attendance and coping measures, as well as personal characteristics and health behaviors to adjust for potential effects on BP. The odds of having hypertension were higher for Pentecostal women compared to Baptist and Catholic women. Hypertension odds for women who reported attending services more than once weekly were lower than those who never attended church. For women, frequent use of religious coping predicted higher odds of having hypertension than seldom or never using religious coping. R/S variables did not predict significant differences among men. The health benefits of R/S do not appear to be consistent within African American Christian young adults. Religion may be viewed as a source of BP risk and resilience, especially among African American young women.
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9
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Lee DB, Hope MO, Heinze JE, Cunningham M, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA. Psychological pathway from racial discrimination to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption: Religious coping as a protective factor. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 19:453-475. [PMID: 30589400 PMCID: PMC6597340 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1540956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While racial discrimination (RD) is associated with increased alcohol-related problems among African Americans (AAs), researchers have not examined how RD contributes to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption over time. In addition, the protective role of religious coping has been discussed but not formally tested in pathways connecting RD to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption. To address this gap, we estimated latent growth mediation models in a sample of 465 AA emerging adults. We found that RD increased physical consequences of alcohol consumption over time through psychological distress. After identifying two profiles of religious coping (i.e., low and high religious coping), RD indirectly influenced the physical consequences of alcohol consumption through psychological distress among AAs in the low religious coping group. Our results signal the importance of developing alcohol-misuse prevention programs that address the psychological consequences of RD. Integrating culturally tailored coping strategies (e.g., religious coping) may bolster the efficacy of these prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Lee
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith O. Hope
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Justin E. Heinze
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary Cunningham
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cleopatra H. Caldwell
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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10
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Epps F, Skipper A, Williams IC. Broadening Research and Practice Approaches to Assessing Religiosity in African American Older Adults. Res Gerontol Nurs 2020; 13:170-172. [PMID: 33912322 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20200617-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fayron Epps
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ishan C Williams
- Assistant Dean for Diversity and Inclusion, School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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11
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Solomon CA, Laditka SB, Forthofer M, Racine EF. Black-white disparities in alcohol consumption trends among women in the United States, 1990-2015. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 20:625-646. [PMID: 31709927 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2019.1685049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has more adverse consequences among African American women than among white women. Yet little is known about trends in alcohol consumption among African American women. Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we examined trends in alcohol consumption among African American (n = 4,079) and white (n = 17,512) women, 1990-2015. We calculated population prevalence and used the Cochrane-Armitage test to examine trends, controlling for sociodemographic factors. In adjusted analyses, binge consumption increased for African American and white women; not consuming alcohol decreased among African Americans (all p < 0.05). Results highlight the need for culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah B Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Melinda Forthofer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth F Racine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
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12
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Brownlow BN, Sosoo EE, Long RN, Hoggard LS, Burford TI, Hill LK. Sex Differences in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health Among Black Americans. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:112. [PMID: 31686220 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Greater racial discrimination is associated with poorer mental health among Black Americans; yet, there remains an incomplete understanding of sex differences in exposure to racial discrimination, and further, of how sex differences in coping with racial discrimination may heighten or diminish risk for poorer mental health. RECENT FINDINGS Black men may experience greater exposure to both structural and communal forms of racial discrimination, whereas Black women may face both a wider range of potential sources, as well as encounter greater variability in the subjective experience of racial discrimination. For both Black women and men, racial discrimination may be similarly associated with maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., emotional eating, rumination) that also are linked to poorer mental health; however, emerging findings suggest that mindfulness may partially buffer these deleterious effects. Overall, the recent literature reveals mixed findings with respect to sex differences in the experience and negative mental health impact of racial discrimination. Despite this heterogeneity, evidence documents sex differences in the settings, type, and qualitative experience of racial discrimination among Black Americans. Additionally, growing evidence indicating that racial discrimination is associated with physiological markers of stress reactivity and psychopathology risk further bolsters its characterization as a unique form of chronic stress among Black Americans and other minority groups in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Brownlow
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Effua E Sosoo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Risa N Long
- Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lori S Hoggard
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tanisha I Burford
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - LaBarron K Hill
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3119, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Center for Biobehavioral Health Disparities Research, Duke University-Social Science Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3119, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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13
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Kurniawati ND, Nursalam N, Suharto S. Development of the Mind-Body-Spiritual (MBS) Nursing Care Model for Coronary Heart Disease Patients. JURNAL NERS 2019. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v13i2.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) may experience various physical, psychological or spiritual issues. A holistic mind-body spiritual nursing care (MBS) model is needed to help patients' cope with the issues. This study aimed to develop an MBS nursing care model for CHD patients.Method: The study employed a crossectional design with 110 CHD patients participated in the study. Respondents were asked to fill out questionnaires to gather the required data. Criteria for respondent selection were Moslem, aged 40-75 year, medical diagnosis of CHD, and haemodynamically stable. The independent variables were focal, contextual and residual stimuli, while the dependent variables were coping and spirituality. Data were analyzed using partial least square.Results: The results show that the mind-body-spiritual nursing care formed focal stimuli. Spirituality is formed by focal, contextual, residual stimuli and coping style. Nursing care significantly affects spirituality, shown by T-statistics of 6.795. Spirituality can be explained by patience, endeavour toward wellness, and offer the results only to God by 72%, while the rest is explained by other factors.Conclusion: MBS nursing care model has a strong relationship with spirituality. This model needs to be applied in a further research to see its effectiveness in improving spirituality and expression of cardiovascular risk inflammatory markers.
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14
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Cozier YC, Yu J, Wise LA, VanderWeele TJ, Balboni TA, Argentieri MA, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shields AE. Religious and Spiritual Coping and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the Black Women's Health Study. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:989-998. [PMID: 30418522 PMCID: PMC6230974 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The few studies of the relationship between religion and/or spirituality (R/S) and hypertension are conflicting. We hypothesized that R/S may reduce the risk of hypertension by buffering adverse physiological effects of stress. Methods We prospectively assessed the association of R/S with hypertension within the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a cohort study initiated in 1995 that follows participants through biennial questionnaires. The 2005 questionnaire included four R/S questions: (i) extent to which one's R/S is involved in coping with stressful situations, (ii) self-identification as a religious/spiritual person, (iii) frequency of attending religious services, and (iv) frequency of prayer. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each R/S variable in relation to incident hypertension using Cox proportional hazards regression models, controlling for demographics, known hypertension risk factors, psychosocial factors, and other R/S variables. Results During 2005-2013, 5,194 incident cases of hypertension were identified. High involvement of R/S in coping with stressful events compared with no involvement was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00). The association was strongest among women reporting greater levels of perceived stress (IRR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98; p interaction = .01). More frequent prayer was associated with increased risk of hypertension (IRR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.27). No association was observed for the other R/S measures. Conclusion R/S coping was associated with decreased risk of hypertension in African American women, especially among those reporting higher levels of stress. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways through which R/S coping may affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Yu
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy A Balboni
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Austin Argentieri
- National Consortium on Psychosocial Stress, Spirituality, and Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- National Consortium on Psychosocial Stress, Spirituality, and Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Lockwood KG, Marsland AL, Matthews KA, Gianaros PJ. Perceived discrimination and cardiovascular health disparities: a multisystem review and health neuroscience perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:170-207. [PMID: 30088665 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are distinct racial disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with Black individuals at much greater risk than White individuals. Although many factors contribute to these disparities, recent attention has focused on the role of discrimination as a stress-related factor that contributes to racial disparities in CVD. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which discrimination might affect CVD. Recent studies have examined these mechanisms by focusing on neurobiological mediators of CVD risk. Given this increase in studies, a systematic review of perceived discrimination and neurobiological mediators of CVD risk is warranted. Our review uses a multisystem approach to review studies on the relationship between perceived discrimination and (1) cardiovascular responses to stress, (2) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function, and (3) the immune system, as well as (4) the brain systems thought to regulate these parameters of peripheral physiology. In addition to summarizing existing evidence, our review integrates these findings into a conceptual model describing multidirectional pathways linking perceived discrimination with a CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Lockwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Religiosity, Education, John Henryism Active Coping, and Cardiovascular Responses to Anger Recall for African American Men. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798418765859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined if high levels of religious attendance (ORG), private religious activity (NOR), or intrinsic religiosity (SUB) buffer cardiovascular responses to active speech and anger recall lab stressors alone and by John Henryism Active Coping (JHAC) and educational attainment. A sample of 74 healthy African American males, aged 23 to 47 years, completed psychosocial surveys and a lab reactivity protocol involving active speech and anger recall with a 5-minute baseline and ensuing recovery periods. Measures of religiosity, JHAC, and education were related to continuous measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), for each task and rest period with repeated measures ANOVA tests. The period by education by JHAC interaction effect was significant for diastolic BP responses at low but not higher NOR. At low education and low NOR, diastolic BP levels increased significantly during anger recall and ensuing recovery for high but not low JHAC persons. Thus, being deprived of education and private religious activity may put these African American men in a vulnerable situation where higher effort coping may exacerbate their cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to anger induction.
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Hermosura AH, Haynes SN, Kaholokula JK. A Preliminary Study of the Relationship between Perceived Racism and Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery in Native Hawaiians. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1142-1154. [PMID: 29512031 PMCID: PMC6132570 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Native Hawaiians, compared to other ethnic groups in Hawai‘i, have significantly higher mortality rates and die at a younger average age from cardiovascular disease (CVD). This may be partially explained by elevated cardiovascular responses to racial stressors. Our study examined the degree to which blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) reactivity and recovery, and ratings of subjective distress to racial stressors, differ as a function of Native Hawaiian college students’ levels of perceived racism. This study had three phases. Phase 1 involved the development of a blatant and subtle racial stressor. Phase 2 involved assigning 132 students into high- or low-perceived racism groups based on scores on two perceived interpersonal racism measures. Phase 3 involved a psychophysiology laboratory experiment conducted with 35 of the 132 students. BP, HR, and subjective distress were measured during exposure to the blatant and subtle racial stressors. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery following exposure to both stressors was significant for both groups. Although not significant, three trends were observed among the high-perceived racism group, which included: (1) greater reactivity to exposure to the subtle stressor than to the blatant stressor, (2) incomplete HR recovery following exposure to both stressors, and (3) incomplete SBP and diastolic blood pressure recovery following exposure to the subtle stressor. Participants also reported significantly greater subjective distress following exposure to the blatant than to the subtle stressor. Specific interventions, such as increased self-awareness of physiological responses to racial stressors, targeted at at-risk individuals are necessary to reduce a person’s risk for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hepuapo'okela Hermosura
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 677 Ala Moana Boulevard, Ste 1016, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Stephen N Haynes
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki C 400, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 677 Ala Moana Boulevard, Ste 1016, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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Okhomina VI, Glover L, Taylor H, Sims M. Dimensions of and Responses to Perceived Discrimination and Subclinical Disease Among African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1084-1092. [PMID: 29313298 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although discrimination among African Americans (AAs) has been linked to various health outcomes, few studies have examined associations of multiple measures of discrimination with prevalent subclinical disease in a large sample of AAs. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of measures of discrimination and coping responses to discrimination with prevalent subclinical disease among AAs in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS); and whether this association is modified by sex. METHODS We examined the associations of everyday, lifetime, and burden of lifetime discrimination with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among 3029 AAs in the JHS. Prevalence ratios (PR 95% confidence interval-CI) and odds ratios (OR 95% CI) were estimated for above-median cIMT and LVH, respectfully, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. RESULTS No significant associations were found between everyday and lifetime discrimination and median cIMT and LVH. Participants who reported high (vs. no) burden of lifetime discrimination had a 48% reduced odds of LVH (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.94) after full adjustment. There was evidence of effect modification by sex in the association of coping with everyday discrimination and LVH after full adjustment (p value for interaction < 0.01). Women who actively (vs. passively) coped with everyday discrimination had a greater odds of prevalent LVH (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.39, 4.46). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the manner by which AA women cope with discriminatory events is associated with subclinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - LáShauntá Glover
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Heart Study, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Herman Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Heart Study, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA.
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Hill LK, Hoggard LS, Richmond AS, Gray DL, Williams DP, Thayer JF. Examining the association between perceived discrimination and heart rate variability in African Americans. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 23:5-14. [PMID: 28045306 PMCID: PMC5755701 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research attempting to delineate the role of discrimination in racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension has focused largely on blood pressure, which is chiefly governed by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. Consequently, few studies have considered the role of the parasympathetic branch and particularly its regulation of the heart via the vagus nerve. METHOD In the present cross-sectional study, we employed hierarchical linear regressions to examine associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and resting heart rate variability (HRV), an important biomarker of parasympathetic cardiac modulation and overall health, in a sample (N = 103) of young, healthy African American participants (58% female, Mage = 19.94 years, SD = 2.84). RESULTS After accounting for demographic factors and health status characteristics, lifetime discrimination emerged as an inverse predictor of HRV. When subdomains of discrimination were considered, discrimination attributable to threats or actual acts of aggression was also predictive of lower HRV. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a greater lifetime burden of discrimination and discriminatory harassment and/or assault is associated with lower resting HRV in African Americans. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of past, present and emerging research emphasizing biological linkages between discrimination and health. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- LaBarron K Hill
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Lori S Hoggard
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - DeLeon L Gray
- Department of Educational Psychology, North Carolina State University
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Jones HJ, Sternberg RM, Janson SL, Lee KA. A Qualitative Understanding of Midlife Sources of Stress and Support in African-American Women. JOURNAL OF NATIONAL BLACK NURSES' ASSOCIATION : JNBNA 2016; 27:24-30. [PMID: 29932540 PMCID: PMC6090538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
African-American women suffer from disproportionate adverse health outcomes compared to women of other ethnicities living in the United States. It is suggested in the literature that chron- ic stress can be an antecedent to health disparity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in perceived stress from late pre-menopause to post-menopause and to identify significant life stressors perceived by a cohort of African-American women. Retrospective and current data were used to evaluate perceived stress over time, sources of stress, and resources in a cohort of 15 African-American women. Mixed methodologies were utilized. Perceived stress scores were consistent over time. Six themes were identified in responses about stress: finances, caringforfamily members, relationships, personal health and aging, race and discrimination, and raising children. Understanding the role that unique life stressors play in the lives of African-American women is essential in anticipating the need for assistance and in implementing preventive strategies.
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The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality on Rural Parents' Health Decision Making and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Choices. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2015; 38:E1-E12. [PMID: 26517344 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
General health implications of religiosity and spirituality on health have been associated with health promotion, so the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of religiosity and spirituality on rural parents' decision making to vaccinate their children against human papillomavirus (HPV). The associations of religiosity and spirituality with parental HPV vaccine decisions were examined in a sample of parents residing in small rural communities (N = 37). Parents of children aged 9 to 13 years participated in focus groups held in rural community contexts. Religiosity (i.e., participation in religious social structures) was a recurring and important theme when discussing HPV vaccination. Spirituality (i.e., subjective commitment to spiritual or religious beliefs) was found to influence the ways in which parents perceived their control over and coping with health issues potentially related to HPV vaccination. Together, religiosity and spirituality were found to play integral roles in these parents' lives and influenced their attitudes toward HPV vaccination uptake for their children.
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Lewis TT, Cogburn CD, Williams DR. Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2015; 11:407-40. [PMID: 25581238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research examining the impact of self-reported experiences of discrimination on mental and physical health has increased dramatically. Studies have found consistent associations between exposure to discrimination and a wide range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-diagnosed mental disorders as well as objective physical health outcomes. Associations are seen in cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies and persist even after adjustment for confounding variables, including personality characteristics and other threats to validity. However, controversies remain, particularly around the best approach to measuring experiences of discrimination, the significance of racial/ethnic discrimination versus overall mistreatment, the need to account for "intersectionalities," and the importance of comprehensive assessments. These issues are discussed in detail, along with emerging areas of emphasis including cyber discrimination, anticipatory stress or vigilance around discrimination, and interventions with potential to reduce the negative effects of discrimination on health. We also discuss priorities for future research and implications for interventions and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tené T Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
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