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Foster LJ, Tsvetkov N, McAfee A. Mechanisms of Pathogen and Pesticide Resistance in Honey Bees. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38411571 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bees are the most important insect pollinators of the crops humans grow, and Apis mellifera, the Western honey bee, is the most commonly managed species for this purpose. In addition to providing agricultural services, the complex biology of honey bees has been the subject of scientific study since the 18th century, and the intricate behaviors of honey bees and ants, fellow hymenopterans, inspired much sociobiological inquest. Unfortunately, honey bees are constantly exposed to parasites, pathogens, and xenobiotics, all of which pose threats to their health. Despite our curiosity about and dependence on honey bees, defining the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with biotic and abiotic stressors has been challenging. The very aspects of their physiology and behavior that make them so important to agriculture also make them challenging to study, relative to canonical model organisms. However, because we rely on A. mellifera so much for pollination, we must continue our efforts to understand what ails them. Here, we review major advancements in our knowledge of honey bee physiology, focusing on immunity and detoxification, and highlight some challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadejda Tsvetkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison McAfee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhu T, Wei B, Wang Y, Shang S. Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Involved in Response to Short-Term Heat Stress in Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:442. [PMID: 38671890 PMCID: PMC11047457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae, a globally ubiquitous mite, poses a significant threat to agriculture. Elevated temperatures exacerbate the growth, development, and reproduction of T. urticae, leading to substantial crop damage. In this study, we employed comparative transcriptomic approaches with whole-genome information of T. urticae to identify six Glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTs) implicated in heat stress response. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, we elucidated the tertiary structure and active sites of the corresponding proteins, providing a thorough characterization of these GST genes. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of these six GST genes under short-term heat shock conditions. Our findings unveiled the involvement of T. urticae GST genes in combating oxidative stress induced by heat, underscoring their role in antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study contributes valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of T. urticae to heat stress, laying a foundation for the development of strategies aimed at mitigating its impact in high-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suqin Shang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (B.W.); (Y.W.)
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3
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Cao HH, Kong WW, Ling B, Wang ZY, Zhang Y, Guo ZX, Liu SH, Xu JP. Bmo-miR-3351 modulates glutathione content and inhibits BmNPV proliferation by targeting BmGSTe6 in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38258370 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in the host response to invading pathogens. Among these pathogens, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the main causes of substantial economic losses in sericulture, and there are relatively few studies on the specific functions of miRNAs in the B. mori-BmNPV interaction. Therefore, we conducted transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs in the midgut of 2 B. mori strains (BmNPV-susceptible strain P50 and BmNPV-resistant strain A35) after BmNPV infection. Through correlation analysis of the miRNA and mRNA data, we identified a comprehensive set of 21 miRNAs and 37 predicted target mRNAs. Notably, miR-3351, which has high expression in A35, exhibited remarkable efficacy in suppressing BmNPV proliferation. Additionally, we confirmed that miR-3351 binds to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of B. mori glutathione S-transferase epsilon 6 (BmGSTe6), resulting in its downregulation. Conversely, BmGSTe6 displayed an opposite expression pattern to miR-3351, effectively promoting BmNPV proliferation. Notably, BmGSTe6 levels were positively correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity, consequently influencing intracellular glutathione content in the infected samples. Furthermore, our investigation revealed the protective role of glutathione against BmNPV infection in BmN cells. In summary, miR-3351 modulates glutathione content by downregulating BmGSTe6 to inhibit BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings enriched the research on the role of B. mori miRNAs in the defense against BmNPV infection, and suggests that the antiviral molecule, glutathione, offers a novel perspective on preventing viral infection in sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Wei Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Ling
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Xiao Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
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Ashraf MZ, Mogilicherla K, Sellamuthu G, Siino V, Levander F, Roy A. Comparative gut proteomics study revealing adaptive physiology of Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1157455. [PMID: 38078109 PMCID: PMC10703158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1157455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), is a major pest of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.), causing enormous economic losses globally. The adult stage of the I. typographus has a complex life cycle (callow and sclerotized); the callow beetles feed ferociously, whereas sclerotized male beetles are more aggressive and pioneers in establishing new colonies. We conducted a comparative proteomics study to understand male and female digestion and detoxification processes in callow and sclerotized beetles. Proteome profiling was performed using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of >3000 proteins were identified from the bark beetle gut, and among them, 539 were differentially abundant (fold change ±2, FDR <0.05) between callow and sclerotized beetles. The differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) mainly engage with binding, catalytic activity, anatomical activity, hydrolase activity, metabolic process, and carbohydrate metabolism, and hence may be crucial for growth, digestion, detoxification, and signalling. We validated selected DAPs with RT-qPCR. Gut enzymes such as NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and esterase (EST) play a crucial role in the I. typographus for detoxification and digesting of host allelochemicals. We conducted enzyme activity assays with them and observed a positive correlation of CYC and GST activities with the proteomic results, whereas EST activity was not fully correlated. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that callow beetles had an upregulation of proteins associated with juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis and chitin metabolism, whereas sclerotized beetles exhibited an upregulation of proteins linked to fatty acid metabolism and the TCA cycle. These distinctive patterns of protein regulation in metabolic and functional processes are specific to each developmental stage, underscoring the adaptive responses of I. typographicus in overcoming conifer defences and facilitating their survival. Taken together, it is the first gut proteomic study comparing males and females of callow and sclerotized I. typographus, shedding light on the adaptive ecology at the molecular level. Furthermore, the information about bark beetle handling of nutritionally limiting and defence-rich spruce phloem diet can be utilized to formulate RNAi-mediated beetle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Ashraf
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valentina Siino
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Xifeng W, Jiahua Z, Ningxing L, Guowu Z, Yunxia S, Xuepeng C, Jun Q, Xianzhu X, Qingling M. The regulatory roles of Fasciola hepatica GSTO1 protein in inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis in murine macrophages. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106977. [PMID: 37399980 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Fascioliasis, a global zoonotic parasitic disease, is mainly caused by Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) parasitizing in the livers of hosts, mainly humans and herbivores. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the important excretory- secretory products (ESPs) from F. hepatica, however, the regulatory roles of its Omega subtype in the immunomodulatory effects remain unknown. Here, we expressed F. hepatica recombinant GSTO1 protein (rGSTO1) in Pichia pastoris and analyzed its antioxidant properties. Then, the interaction between F. hepatica rGSTO1 and RAW264.7 macrophages and its effects on inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis were further explored. The results revealed that GSTO1 of F. hepatica owned the potent ability to resist oxidative stress. F. hepatica rGSTO1 could interact with RAW264.7 macrophages and inhibit its cell viability, furthermore, it may suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but promote the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, F. hepatica rGSTO1 may down-regulate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and increase the expression of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, thereby eliciting the apoptosis of macrophages. Notably, F. hepatica rGSTO1 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs p38, ERK and JNK) pathways in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, exerting potent modulatory effects on macrophages. These findings suggested that F. hepatica GSTO1 can modulate the host immune response, which provided new insights into the immune evasion mechanism of F. hepatica infection in host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xifeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhang Jiahua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Li Ningxing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhang Guowu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Shang Yunxia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Cai Xuepeng
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Qiao Jun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xia Xianzhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Meng Qingling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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Jeong H, Yoon C, Lee JS, Byeon E. Differential susceptibility to arsenic in glutathione S-transferase omega 2 (GST-O2)-targeted freshwater water flea Daphnia magna mutants. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106364. [PMID: 36463774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of glutathione S-transferase omega class (GST-O2) genes in the biotransformation and detoxification in Daphnia magna, various responses such as in vivo endpoints, arsenic speciation, enzymatic activities, and gene expression pathways related to arsenic metabolism were investigated in wild-type (WT) and GST-O2-mutant-type (MT) fleas produced by CRISPR/Cas9. Sensitivity to arsenic in MT fleas was higher than in WT fleas. Also, the reduction rate of arsenate (AsV) to arsenite (AsIII) in the MT group was significantly lower and led to accumulation of higher arsenic concentrations, resulting in decreased protection against arsenic toxicity. Relative mRNA expression of other GST genes in the GST-O2-targeted MT group generally increased but the enzymatic activity of GST decreased compared with the WT group. Oxidative stress on arsenic exposure was more strongly induced in the MT group compared with the WT group, resulting in a decrease in the ability to defend against toxicity in GST-O2-targeted mutant D. magna. Our results suggest that GST-O2 plays an important role in arsenic biotransformation and detoxification functions in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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7
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Li G, Zhang C, Wang H, Xia W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhao H, Xu B. Characterisation of the heat shock protein Tid and its involvement in stress response regulation in Apis cerana. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1068873. [PMID: 36620206 PMCID: PMC9813389 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1068873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The impact of various environmental stresses on native Apis cerana cerana fitness has attracted intense attention in China. However, the defence responses of A. cerana cerana to different stressors are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism mediated by the tumorous imaginal discs (Tid) protein of A. cerana cerana (AccTid) in response to stressors. Methods: We used some bioinformatics softwares to analyse the characterisation of Tid. Then, qRT-PCR, RNA interference and heat resistance detection assays were used to explore the function of Tid in stress response in A. cerana cerana. Results: AccTid is a homologous gene of human Tid1 and Drosophila Tid56, contains a conserved J domain and belongs to the heat shock protein DnaJA subfamily. The level of AccTid induced expression was increased under temperature increases from 40°C to 43°C and 46°C, and AccTid knockdown decreased the heat resistance of A. cerana cerana, indicating that the upregulation of AccTid plays an important role when A. cerana cerana is exposed to heat stress. Interestingly, contrary to the results of heat stress treatment, the transcriptional level of AccTid was inhibited by cold, H2O2 and some agrochemical stresses and showed no significant change under ultraviolet ray and sodium arsenite stress. These results suggested that the requirement of A. cerana cerana for Tid differs markedly under different stress conditions. In addition, knockdown of AccTid increased the mRNA levels of some Hsps and antioxidant genes. The upregulation of these Hsps and antioxidant genes may be a functional complement of AccTid knockdown. Conclusion: AccTid plays a crucial role in A. cerana cerana stress responses and may mediate oxidative damage caused by various stresses. Our findings will offer fundamental knowledge for further investigations of the defence mechanism of A. cerana cerana against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wenli Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China,*Correspondence: Hang Zhao, ; Baohua Xu,
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Hang Zhao, ; Baohua Xu,
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Bart S, Short S, Jager T, Eagles EJ, Robinson A, Badder C, Lahive E, Spurgeon DJ, Ashauer R. How to analyse and account for interactions in mixture toxicity with toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157048. [PMID: 35779734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of chemical mixture toxicity is one of the major challenges in ecotoxicology. Chemicals can interact, leading to more or less effects than expected, commonly named synergism and antagonism respectively. The classic ad hoc approach for the assessment of mixture effects is based on dose-response curves at a single time point, and is limited to identifying a mixture interaction but cannot provide predictions for untested exposure durations, nor for scenarios where exposure varies in time. We here propose a new approach using toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modelling: The General Unified Threshold model of Survival (GUTS) framework, recently extended for mixture toxicity assessment. We designed a dedicated mechanistic interaction module coupled with the GUTS mixture model to i) identify interactions, ii) test hypotheses to identify which chemical is likely responsible for the interaction, and finally iii) simulate and predict the effect of synergistic and antagonistic mixtures. We tested the modelling approach experimentally with two species (Enchytraeus crypticus and Mamestra brassicae) exposed to different potentially synergistic mixtures (composed of: prochloraz, imidacloprid, cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and chlorpyrifos). Furthermore, we also tested the model with previously published experimental data on two other species (Bombus terrestris and Daphnia magna) exposed to pesticide mixtures (clothianidin, propiconazole, dimethoate, imidacloprid and thiacloprid) found to be synergistic or antagonistic with the classic approach. The results showed an accurate simulation of synergistic and antagonistic effects for the different tested species and mixtures. This modelling approach can identify interactions accounting for the entire time of exposure, and not only at one time point as in the classic approach, and provides predictions of the mixture effect for untested mixture exposure scenarios, including those with time-variable mixture composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bart
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; MO-ECO(2) (Modelling and data analyses for ecology and ecotoxicology), Paris, France.
| | - Stephen Short
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
| | | | - Emily J Eagles
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claire Badder
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK; Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Koirala B K S, Moural T, Zhu F. Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5713-5723. [PMID: 36263171 PMCID: PMC9576527 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a superfamily of multifunctional enzymes that is mainly associated with xenobiotic adaptation, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) facilitate insects' survival under chemical stresses in their environment. GSTs confer xenobiotic adaptation through direct metabolism or sequestration of xenobiotics, and/or indirectly by providing protection against oxidative stress induced by xenobiotic exposure. In this article, a comprehensive overview of current understanding on the versatile functions of insect GSTs in detoxifying chemical compounds is presented. The diverse structures of different classes of insect GSTs, specifically the spatial localization and composition of their amino acid residues constituted in their active sites are also summarized. Recent availability of whole genome sequences of numerous insect species, accompanied by RNA interference, X-ray crystallography, enzyme kinetics and site-directed mutagenesis techniques have significantly enhanced our understanding of functional and structural diversity of insect GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Koirala B K
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Timothy Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Fang Zhu, Department of Entomology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Phone: +1-814-863-4432; Fax: +1- 814-865-3048; E-mail:
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10
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Zhao G, Meng J, Wang C, Wang L, Wang H, Tian M, Ma L, Guo X, Xu B. Roles of the protein disulphide isomerases AccPDIA1 and AccPDIA3 in response to oxidant stress in Apis cerana cerana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:10-23. [PMID: 34453759 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) plays an important role in a variety of physiological processes through its oxidoreductase activity and molecular chaperone activity. In this study, we cloned two PDI family members, AccPDIA1 and AccPDIA3, from Apis cerana cerana. AccPDIA1 and AccPDIA3 had typical sequence features of PDI family members and were constitutively expressed in A. cerana cerana. The expression levels of AccPDIA1 and AccPDIA3 were generally upregulated after treatment with a variety of environmental stress factors. Inhibition assays showed that E. coli expressing recombinant AccPDIA1 and AccPDIA3 proteins was more resistant to oxidative stress than control E. coli. In addition, silencing AccPDIA1 or AccPDIA3 in A. cerana cerana resulted in significant changes in the expression levels of several antioxidant-related genes as well as the enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced the survival rate of A. cerana cerana under oxidative stress caused by high temperature. In conclusion, our results suggest that AccPDIA1 and AccPDIA3 may play important roles in the antioxidant activities of A. cerana cerana.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - J Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - H Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - M Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - L Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - X Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - B Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
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Torres-Banda V, Obregón-Molina G, Viridiana Soto-Robles L, Albores-Medina A, Fernanda López M, Zúñiga G. Gut transcriptome of two bark beetle species stimulated with the same kairomones reveals molecular differences in detoxification pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3080-3095. [PMID: 35782727 PMCID: PMC9233182 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus bark beetles are the most destructive agents in coniferous forests. These beetles come into contact with the toxic compounds of their host's chemical defenses throughout their life cycle, some of which are also used by the insects as kairomones to select their host trees during the colonization process. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the insects counteract the toxicity of these compounds. Here, two sibling species of bark beetles, D. valens and D. rhizophagus, were stimulated with vapors of a blend of their main kairomones (α-pinene, β-pinene and 3-carene), in order to compare the transcriptional response of their gut. A total of 48 180 unigenes were identified in D. valens and 43 704 in D. rhizophagus, in response to kairomones blend. The analysis of differential gene expression showed a transcriptional response in D. valens (739 unigenes, 0.58–10.36 Log2FC) related to digestive process and in D. rhizophagus (322 unigenes 0.87–13.08 Log2FC) related to xenobiotics metabolism. The expression profiles of detoxification genes mainly evidenced the up-regulation of COEs and GSTs in D. valens, and the up-regulation of P450s in D. rhizophagus. Results suggest that terpenes metabolism comes accompanied by an integral hormetic response, result of compensatory mechanisms, including the activation of other metabolic pathways, to ensure the supply of energy and the survival of organisms which is specific for each species, according to its life history and ecological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torres-Banda
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Obregón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - L. Viridiana Soto-Robles
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Albores-Medina
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding authors.
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Li D, He C, Xie L, Ge X, Deng T, Li S, Li G, Xu L. SlGSTE9 participates in the stability of chlorpyrifos resistance in Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5430-5438. [PMID: 34333855 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera litura is an important agricultural pest and has developed serious resistance to multiple insecticides. The resistance level to several insecticides is reported to be unstable, but the mechanism is less reported. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos and phoxim resistance level in a field-collected population of S. litura declined continuously from the first to the tenth generation and remained stable at the 11th and 12th generations without insecticide exposure. Synergist experiment showed that diethyl maleate and piperonyl butoxide significantly increased mortality to chlorpyrifos and phoxim in the first and sixth generations, but not in the 12th generation. The expression of 31 identified glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in the third-instar larvae of S. litura in the first, sixth and 12th generations was determined, and eight genes were seen to decrease significantly in the sixth and 12th generations compared with the first generation. SlGSTe9 was selected for further functional study as it had higher abundance and significantly higher expression in the chlorpyrifos-resistant population than in the susceptible population. The recombinant protein of SlGSTE9 showed metabolism activity to chlorpyrifos in vitro and in Escherichia coli, but not to phoxim. Silencing of SlGSTe9 increased the cumulative mortality to chlorpyrifos significantly. SlGSTE9 also showed antioxidant activity to cumene hydroperoxide. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SlGSTe9 is directly involved in chlorpyrifos resistance stability, but not in phoxim. SlGSTE9 may also participate in insecticides resistance by relieving the oxidase stress induced by insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengshuai He
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lanfen Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xing Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianfu Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Songwei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangling Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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Yang J, Kong XD, Zhu-Salzman K, Qin QM, Cai QN. The Key Glutathione S-Transferase Family Genes Involved in the Detoxification of Rice Gramine in Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. INSECTS 2021; 12:1055. [PMID: 34940143 PMCID: PMC8704333 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical toxins are considered a defense measure for herbivore invasion. To adapt this defensive strategy, herbivores use glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as an important detoxification enzyme to cope with toxic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis for GST genes in this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the basis of how GST genes in brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) participated in the detoxification of gramine by RNA interference. For BPH, the LC25 and LC50 concentrations of gramine were 7.11 and 14.99 μg/mL at 72 h after feeding, respectively. The transcriptions of seven of eight GST genes in BPH were induced by a low concentration of gramine, and GST activity was activated. Although interferences of seven genes reduced BPH tolerance to gramine, only the expression of NlGST1-1, NlGSTD2, and NlGSTE1 was positively correlated with GST activities, and silencing of these three genes inhibited GST activities in BPH. Our findings reveal that two new key genes, NlGSTD2 and NlGSTE1, play an essential role in the detoxification of gramine such as NlGST1-1 does in BPH, which not only provides the molecular evidence for the coevolution theory, but also provides new insight into the development of an environmentally friendly strategy for herbivore population management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Kong
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Qing-Ming Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qing-Nian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Li D, He C, Xie L, Kong F, Wu Y, Shi M, Liu R, Xu L. Functional Analysis of SlGSTE12 in Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Resistance in Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5840-5848. [PMID: 34019410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase genes in the epsilon group were reported to function in insecticide resistance. SlGSTE12 was validated to be overexpressed in pyrethroid- and organophosphate-resistant populations of Spodoptera litura compared to a susceptible population. A functional study of heterologously expressed SlGSTE12 showed that Km and Vmax for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) conjugating activity were 0.70 ± 0.18 mmol L-1 and 90.6 ± 9.4 nmol mg-1 min-1, respectively. β-Cypermethrin and cyhalothrin showed much weaker inhibition of SlGSTE12 activity to CDNB conjugation than fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that SlGSTE12 had significant metabolism activity to fenvalerate and phoxim both in vitro and in Escherichia coli, especially to chlorpyrifos, and slight metabolism activity toward cyhalothrin only in vitro. Silencing of SlGSTE12 by RNAi increased the mortality to fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos significantly. SlGSTE12 also had a significant antioxidant ability against cumene hydroperoxide. Our study suggested that SlGSTE12 could metabolize phoxim, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, and especially chlorpyrifos. SlGSTE12 might also participate in pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance by antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Chengshuai He
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Lanfen Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Fanbin Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Yanbing Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Mingwang Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
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15
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Puerarin enhances intestinal function in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6552. [PMID: 33753826 PMCID: PMC7985190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has been reported to be an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, but the potential effect of puerarin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether puerarin could alleviate intestinal injury in piglets infected with PEDV. A PEDV (Yunnan province strain) infection model was applied to 7-day-old piglets at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose). Piglets were orally administered with puerarin at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight from day 5 to day 9. On day 9 of the trial, piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV. Three days later, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. Results showed puerarin reduced morbidity of piglets infected with PEDV. In addition, puerarin reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, and the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as protein abundances of heat shock protein-70 in PEDV-infected piglets. Moreover, puerarin increased D-xylose concentration but decreased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration and diamine oxidase activity in the plasma of piglets infected with PEDV. Puerarin increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, while decreasing the activities of myeloperoxidase and concentration of hydrogen peroxide in both the intestine and plasma of PEDV-infected piglets. Puerarin decreased mRNA levels of glutathione S-transferase omega 2 but increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, puerarin increased the abundance of total eubacteria (16S rRNA), Enterococcus genus, Lactobacillus genus and Enterobacteriaceae family in the intestine, but reduced the abundance of Clostridium coccoides in the caecum. These data indicate puerarin improved intestinal function in piglets infected by PEDV and may be a promising supplement for the prevention of PEDV infection.
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16
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Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Pantoea agglomerans KM1, a potential opportunistic pathogen. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239792. [PMID: 33406073 PMCID: PMC7787473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus causing a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans including septicemia, pneumonia, septic arthritis, wound infections and meningitis. To date, the determinants of virulence, antibiotic resistance, metabolic features conferring survival and host-associated pathogenic potential of this bacterium remain largely underexplored. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the whole-genome of P. agglomerans KM1 isolated from kimchi in South Korea. The genome contained one circular chromosome of 4,039,945 bp, 3 mega plasmids, and 2 prophages. The phage-derived genes encoded integrase, lysozyme and terminase. Six CRISPR loci were identified within the bacterial chromosome. Further in-depth analysis showed that the genome contained 13 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics such as penicillin G, bacitracin, rifampicin, vancomycin, and fosfomycin. Genes involved in adaptations to environmental stress were also identified which included factors providing resistance to osmotic lysis, oxidative stress, as well as heat and cold shock. The genomic analysis of virulence factors led to identification of a type VI secretion system, hemolysin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and genes involved in iron uptake and sequestration. Finally, the data provided here show that, the KM1 isolate exerted strong immunostimulatory properties on RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Stimulated cells produced Nitric Oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The upstream signaling for production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and NO depended on TLR4 and TLR1/2. While production of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO involved solely activation of the NF-κB, IL-10 secretion was largely dependent on NF-κB and to a lesser extent on MAPK Kinases. Taken together, the analysis of the whole-genome and immunostimulatory properties provided in-depth characterization of the P. agglomerans KM1 isolate shedding a new light on determinants of virulence that drive its interactions with the environment, other microorganisms and eukaryotic hosts
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17
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Cui X, Wang C, Wang X, Li G, Liu Z, Wang H, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular Mechanism of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B20-like Gene ( AccUGT2B20-like) in Pesticide Resistance of Apis cerana cerana. Front Genet 2020; 11:592595. [PMID: 33329739 PMCID: PMC7710801 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.592595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), being multifunctional detoxification enzymes, play a major role in the process of resistance to various pesticides in insects. However, the mechanism underlying the molecular regulation of pesticide resistance remains unclear, especially in Apis cerana cerana. In this study, all of the UGTs in Apis cerana cerana (AccUGT) have been identified through the multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Expression of AccUGT genes under different pesticides, and antioxidant genes after silencing of AccUGT2B20-like, were detected by qRT-PCR. The resistance of overexpressed AccUGT2B20-like to oxidative stress was investigated by an Escherichia coli overexpression system. Also, antioxidant-related enzyme activity was detected after silencing of the AccUGT2B20-like gene. Expression pattern analysis showed that almost all UGT genes were upregulated under different pesticide treatments. This result indicated that AccUGTs participate in the detoxification process of pesticides. AccUGT2B20-like was the major gene because it was more highly induced than the others. Overexpression of AccUGT2B20-like in E. coli could effectively improve oxidative stress resistance. Specifically, silencing the AccUGT2B20-like gene increased oxidative stress by repressing the expression of oxidation-related genes, decreasing antioxidant-related enzyme activity, and increasing malondialdehyde concentration. Taken together, our results indicate that AccUGTs are involved in pesticide resistance, among which, AccUGT2B20-like contributes to the detoxification of pesticides by eliminating oxidative stress in Apis cerana cerana. This study explains the molecular basis for the resistance of bees to pesticides and provides an important safeguard for maintaining ecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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18
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Liu H, Zhang H, Cheng D, Tan K, Ye T, Ma H, Li S, Zheng H. Differential responses of a pi-class glutathione S-transferase (CnGSTp) expression and antioxidant status between golden and brown noble scallops under pathogenic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:144-151. [PMID: 32652299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play important roles in immunity by protecting organisms against the damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a pi-class GST cDNA sequence was first cloned from noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (named CnGSTp). The full length cDNA of CnGSTp was 922 bp, encoding a cytosolic protein of 202 amino acids residues, with predicted molecular masses of 23.1 kDa. Then an acute Vibrio Parahaemolyticus challenge experiment was conducted by using the Golden and Brown noble scallops with different total carotenoids content (TCC), and CnGSTp expression level, TCC and ROS level was separately determined. The results showed that ROS and CnGSTp expression levels were significantly up-regulate under Vibrio Parahaemolyticus challenge than the control group (P < 0.05). The Golden scallops showed significantly higher CnGSTp expression level and lower ROS level in hemocytes than the Brown ones (P < 0.05). Moreover, there is a significantly positive correlation between TCC and ROS in the Golden scallops. The present results revealed that CnGSTp plays important roles in immune response and carotenoids play assistant roles in antioxidant defense system under pathogenic stress in the noble scallop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Dewei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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19
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Ding H, Wang B, Han Y, Li S. The pivotal function of dehydroascorbate reductase in glutathione homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3405-3416. [PMID: 32107543 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that trigger rapid changes in the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ascorbate-glutathione pathway has been recognized to be a key player in H2O2 metabolism, in which reduced glutathione (GSH) regenerates ascorbate by reducing dehydroascorbate (DHA), either chemically or via DHA reductase (DHAR), an enzyme belonging to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily. Thus, DHAR has been considered to be important in maintaining the ascorbate pool and its redox state. Although some GSTs and peroxiredoxins may contribute to GSH oxidation, analysis of Arabidopsis dhar mutants has identified the key role of DHAR in coupling H2O2 to GSH oxidation. The reaction of DHAR has been proposed to proceed by a ping-pong mechanism, in which binding of DHA to the free reduced form of the enzyme is followed by binding of GSH. Information from crystal structures has shed light on the formation of sulfenic acid at the catalytic cysteine of DHAR that occurs with the reduction of DHA. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of DHAR and its importance in coupling the ascorbate and glutathione pools with H2O2 metabolism, together with its functions in plant defense, growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang X, Shen G, Wang Y, Huang P, Ame KH, Zang Y, Shen H. Molecular characterization, expression and enzyme activity of three glutathione S-transferase genes from Eriocheir sinensis under pesticide stresses. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108700. [PMID: 31899308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a multifunctional protein superfamily that can catalyze the detoxification processes in an organism. In the present study, we determined the structure and function of GSTs in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) by gene cloning, expression, and enzyme activity in order to investigate the metabolic detoxification of GSTs in the hepatopancreas and muscles under three pesticide (trichlorfon, β-cypermethrin and avermectin) stresses. Multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that all the three Es-GST genes possessed N-terminal, and C-terminal domain as well as G-binding sites, while Es-GST2 and Es-GST3 contained Mu-type GST-specific Mu-loop structures. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the three Es-GSTs belonged to the Mu-type GST of crustaceans. The quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the three Es-GSTS were expressed in 9 tissues of Eriocheir sinensis, with highest expression in hepatopancreas and muscle. The expression of the three Es-GSTS significantly increased in the hepatopancreas and muscle under the three pesticide stresses compared to the control group, and a steady increase in GST activity was observed. The study showed that the three Es-GSTs belong to the Mu-type GST of the crustaceans and might play an important role in the metabolic detoxification in Eriocheir sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guoqing Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pengdan Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Kassimu Hashim Ame
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yanan Zang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Huaishun Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Tang B, Dai W, Qi L, Zhang Q, Zhang C. Identification and Functional Analysis of a Delta Class Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Associated with Insecticide Detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9979-9988. [PMID: 31411878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A delta class glutathione S-transferase gene (BoGSTd2) is identified from Bradysia odoriphaga for the first time. Developmental expression analysis showed that expression of BoGSTd2 is significantly higher in the fourth instar larval stage and the adult stage. Tissue-specific expression analysis found that BoGSTd2 was expressed predominantly in the midgut and Malpighian tubules in the fourth instar larvae and the abdomen of adults. Expression of BoGSTd2 was significantly upregulated following exposure to chlorpyrifos and clothianidin. In vitro inhibition and metabolic assays indicated that recombinant BoGSTd2 could not directly metabolize chlorpyrifos and clothianidin. Nevertheless, disk diffusion assays indicated that BoGSTd2 plays an important role in protection against oxidative stress. RNAi assays showed that BoGSTd2 participates in the elimination of reactive oxygen species induced by chlorpyrifos and clothianidin. These results strongly suggest that BoGSTd2 plays an important role in chlorpyrifos and clothianidin detoxification in B. odoriphaga by protecting tissues from oxidative stress induced by these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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Hou Y, Qiao C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren X, Wei Q, Wang Q. Cold-Adapted Glutathione S-Transferases from Antarctic Psychrophilic Bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108: Heterologous Expression, Characterization, and Oxidative Resistance. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030147. [PMID: 30832239 PMCID: PMC6471826 DOI: 10.3390/md17030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are one of the most important antioxidant enzymes to protect against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. In this study, a novel gst gene, designated as hsgst, was derived from Antarctic sea ice bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108 and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The hsgst gene was 603 bp in length and encoded a protein of 200 amino acids. Compared with the mesophilic EcGST, homology modeling indicated HsGST had some structural characteristics of cold-adapted enzymes, such as higher frequency of glycine residues, lower frequency of proline and arginine residues, and reduced electrostatic interactions, which might be in relation to the high catalytic efficiency at low temperature. The recombinant HsGST (rHsGST) was purified to apparent homogeneity with Ni-affinity chromatography and its biochemical properties were investigated. The specific activity of the purified rHsGST was 254.20 nmol/min/mg. The optimum temperature and pH of enzyme were 25 °C and 7.5, respectively. Most importantly, rHsGST retained 41.67% of its maximal activity at 0 °C. 2.0 M NaCl and 0.2% H₂O₂ had no effect on the enzyme activity. Moreover, rHsGST exhibited its protective effects against oxidative stresses in E. coli cells. Due to its high catalytic efficiency and oxidative resistance at low temperature, rHsGST may be a potential candidate as antioxidant in low temperature health foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Hou
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Chenhui Qiao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yatong Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xiulian Ren
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Qifeng Wei
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Quanfu Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
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Kang ZW, Liu FH, Pang RP, Tian HG, Liu TX. Effect of Sublethal Doses of Imidacloprid on the Biological Performance of Aphid Endoparasitoid Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and Influence on Its Related Gene Expression. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1729. [PMID: 30618780 PMCID: PMC6297876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was developed and used in combination with pesticides and beneficial biological control agents. To further develop IPM efficiency, it is important to evaluate the side effects of pesticides on biological control agents. Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control Myzys persicae and other aphid species. Imidacloprid (IMD) is a popular pesticide used worldwide and is highly toxic to non-target arthropods. Here, we investigated the short-term sublethal toxicity of IMD in Aphidius gifuensis and its impact on the biological performance and gene expression of this parasitoid. We found that sublethal IMD doses had a significant negative effect on the life history traits of female A. gifuensis, including shortening the lifespan and lowering parasitic capacity. Moreover, exposure to sublethal IMD also adversely affected the response of A. gifuensis to aphid-infested plant volatiles. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we found that the exposure to sublethal IMD doses significantly affected expression of genes involved in the central nervous system, energy metabolism, olfactory, and detoxification system of A. gifuensis. RT-qPCR also revealed that short term expose to sublethal IMD doses significantly induced the gene expression of genes related to the central nervous system (nAChRa7, nAChRa9, TbH, OAR1, NFR, TYR, and DAR1), olfactory system (OR28 and IR8a1), and detoxification system (CYP49p3, CYP6a2, and POD), while it suppressed the expression of genes involved in the central nervous system (nAChRa4 and nAChRb1), olfactory system (Orco1, IR8a2, and GR1), and detoxification system (GST2). Furthermore, exposure to sublethal doses of IMD also significantly increased the activities of CarEs and POD, whereas we observed no influence on the activities of CAT, GST, and SOD. Our results indicate that sublethal IMD doses might adversely affect the biological performance of A. gifuensis by altering gene expression related to the function of olfactory, nervous, energy metabolism, and detoxification systems. Thus, how the use of pesticides directly affect insect population should be considered when used in conjunction with natural pest parasitoids in IPM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Hu F, Ye K, Tu XF, Lu YJ, Thakur K, Jiang L, Wei ZJ. Identification and expression profiles of twenty-six glutathione S-transferase genes from rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1063-1071. [PMID: 30179695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, is one of the most destructive pests in stored cereals products. In this study, 26 cDNAs encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were sequenced and characterized in S. oryzae. Phylogenetic analysis displayed the categorization of 26 GSTs into six different cytosolic classes, including two in the delta, twelve in epsilon, three in omega, six in sigma, two in theta, and one in zeta class. RT-qPCR assay illustrated that the relative expression of ten GST genes was significantly higher in adult stages than in larval and pupal developmental stages. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the SoGSTe5, SoGSTe7, SoGSTe12, and SoGSTz1 were up-regulated in the midgut, SoGSTe2, SoGSTe6, and SoGSTs2 were up-regulated in the fat body, and three GSTs (SoGSTd1, SoGSTd2 and SoGSTe4) were up-regulated in Malpighian tubules. RT-qPCR indicated that five GST genes were over expressed after exposure to phosphine at various times and concentrations. The increase in GST gene expressions after phosphine exposure in S. oryzae may lead to an improved tolerance for fumigations and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kan Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450051, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning in Anhui Province, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou 236500, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Li G, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu B, Guo X. The Wisdom of Honeybee Defenses Against Environmental Stresses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:722. [PMID: 29765357 PMCID: PMC5938604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the predominant pollinator, honeybees provide important ecosystem service to crops and wild plants, and generate great economic benefit for humans. Unfortunately, there is clear evidence of recent catastrophic honeybee colony failure in some areas, resulting in markedly negative environmental and economic effects. It has been demonstrated that various environmental stresses, including both abiotic and biotic stresses, functioning singly or synergistically, are the potential drivers of colony collapse. Honeybees can use many defense mechanisms to decrease the damage from environmental stress to some extent. Here, we synthesize and summarize recent advances regarding the effects of environmental stress on honeybees and the wisdom of honeybees to respond to external environmental stress. Furthermore, we provide possible future research directions about the response of honeybees to various form of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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26
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Han W, Wang Y, Gao J, Wang S, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhong Y, Zhao D. Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of myclobutanil on respiration, flight and detoxification enzymes in Apis cerana cerana. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 147:133-138. [PMID: 29933983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myclobutanil is currently used on the flowering plants. Little is known about how Apis cerana cerana respond to myclobutanil exposure. Hence, the acute toxicity of myclobutanil and its sublethal effects on respiration, flight and detoxification enzymes [7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)] in A. cerana cerana were investigated. The results indicated that formulation grade myclobutanil showed moderate toxicity to A. cerana cerana either contact (LD50=4.697μg/bee) or oral (LD50=2.154μg/bee) exposure. Sublethal dose of myclobutanil significantly reduced the respiration rate of workers at 24h and 48h regardless of the exposure method. However, myclobutanil didn't significantly affect the take-off flight. After nurse bees exposure to the dose (LD5) of formulation-grade myclobutanil, ECOD activity was significantly induced when compared with control, but GST activity didn't change. In the forager bees, no enzyme markers response was obtained in this test. From the present study we can infer that myclobutanil disturb respiration and P450-mediated detoxification of the individual bees of A. cerana cerana. Thus, myclobutanil may has risk for A. cerana cerana, it should be cautiously used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensu Han
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Environment and Plant Protection College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jinglin Gao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China
| | - Yihai Zhong
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China
| | - Dongxiang Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Bee Industry Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101,China.
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Balakrishnan B, Su S, Wang K, Tian R, Chen M. Identification, Expression, and Regulation of an Omega Class Glutathione S-transferase in Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Insecticide Stress. Front Physiol 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29731722 PMCID: PMC5920109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in the detoxification of xenobiotic toxins in insects, including insecticides. However, few data are available for the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). In this study, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA of an omega GST gene (RpGSTO1) from R. padi, which contains 720 bp in length and encodes 239 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that RpGSTO1 belongs to the omega class of insect GSTs. RpGSTO1 gene was highly expressed in transformed Escherichia coli and the protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant RpGSTO1 displayed reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent conjugating activity toward the substrate 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrate. The recombinant RpGSTO1 protein exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 30°C. In addition, a disk diffusion assay showed that E. coli overexpressing RpGSTO1 increased resistance to cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of RpGSTO1 was different in response to different insecticides, suggesting that the enzyme could contribute to insecticide metabolism in R. padi. These findings indicate that RpGSTO1 may play a crucial role in counteracting oxidative stress and detoxifying the insecticides. The results of our study contribute to a better understanding the mechanisms of insecticide detoxification and resistance in R. padi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Balakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ma M, Jia H, Cui X, Zhai N, Wang H, Guo X, Xu B. Isolation of carboxylesterase (esterase FE4) from Apis cerana cerana and its role in oxidative resistance during adverse environmental stress. Biochimie 2018; 144:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Omega Class Glutathione S-Transferase: Antioxidant Enzyme in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5049532. [PMID: 29435097 PMCID: PMC5757135 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5049532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The omega class glutathione S-transferases (GSTOs) are multifunctional enzymes involved in cellular defense and have distinct structural and functional characteristics, which differ from those of other GSTs. Previous studies provided evidence for the neuroprotective effects of GSTOs. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuroprotective functions of GSTOs have not been fully elucidated. Recently, our genetic and molecular studies using the Drosophila system have suggested that GstO1 has a protective function against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, and GstO2 is required for the activation of mitochondrial ATP synthase in the Drosophila neurodegenerative disease model. The comprehensive understanding of various neuroprotection mechanisms of Drosophila GstOs from our studies provides valuable insight into the neuroprotective functions of GstOs in vivo. In this review, we briefly introduce recent studies and summarize the novel biological functions and mechanisms underpinning neuroprotective effects of GstOs in Drosophila.
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30
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Gong Y, Diao Q. Current knowledge of detoxification mechanisms of xenobiotic in honey bees. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1-12. [PMID: 27819118 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The western honey bee Apis mellifera is the most important managed pollinator species in the world. Multiple factors have been implicated as potential causes or factors contributing to colony collapse disorder, including honey bee pathogens and nutritional deficiencies as well as exposure to pesticides. Honey bees' genome is characterized by a paucity of genes associated with detoxification, which makes them vulnerable to specific pesticides, especially to combinations of pesticides in real field environments. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms involved in detoxification of xenobiotics/pesticides in honey bees, from primal enzyme assays or toxicity bioassays to characterization of transcript gene expression and protein expression in response to xenobiotics/insecticides by using a global transcriptomic or proteomic approach, and even to functional characterizations. The global transcriptomic and proteomic approach allowed us to learn that detoxification mechanisms in honey bees involve multiple genes and pathways along with changes in energy metabolism and cellular stress response. P450 genes, is highly implicated in the direct detoxification of xenobiotics/insecticides in honey bees and their expression can be regulated by honey/pollen constitutes, resulting in the tolerance of honey bees to other xenobiotics or insecticides. P450s is also a key detoxification enzyme that mediate synergism interaction between acaricides/insecticides and fungicides through inhibition P450 activity by fungicides or competition for detoxification enzymes between acaricides. With the wide use of insecticides in agriculture, understanding the detoxification mechanism of insecticides in honey bees and how honeybees fight with the xenobiotis or insecticides to survive in the changing environment will finally benefit honeybees' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Gong
- Department of Honeybee Protection and Biosafety, Institute of apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.1 Beigou Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Diao
- Department of Honeybee Protection and Biosafety, Institute of apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.1 Beigou Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China.
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Xu P, Han N, Kang T, Zhan S, Lee KS, Jin BR, Li J, Wan H. SeGSTo, a novel glutathione S-transferase from the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), involved in detoxification and oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:805-16. [PMID: 27230212 PMCID: PMC5003797 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the glutathione S-transferase superfamily can protect organisms against oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized an omega glutathione S-transferase from Spodoptera exigua (SeGSTo). The SeGSTo gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 nucleotides encoding a 248-amino acid polypeptide. The predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of SeGSTo are 29007 Da and 7.74, respectively. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment analysis shows that the SeGSTo sequence is closely related to the class 4 GSTo of Bombyx mori BmGSTo4 (77 % protein sequence similarity). Homologous modeling and molecular docking reveal that Cys35 may play an essential role in the catalytic process. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree indicates that SeGSTo belongs to the omega group of the GST superfamily. During S. exigua development, SeGSTo is expressed in the midgut of the fifth instar larval stage, but not in the epidermis or fat body. Identification of recombinant SeGSTo via SDS-PAGE and Western blot shows that its molecular mass is 30 kDa. The recombinant SeGSTo was able to protect super-coiled DNA from damage in a metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) system and catalyze the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), but not 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (4-NPB), or 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (4-NBC). The optimal reaction pH and temperature were 8 and 50 °C, respectively, in the catalysis of CDNB by recombinant SeGSTo. The mRNA expression of SeGSTo was up-regulated by various oxidative stresses, such as CdCl2, CuSO4, and isoprocarb, and the catalytic activity of recombinant SeGSTo was noticeably inhibited by heavy metals (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)) and various pesticides. Taken together, these results indicate that SeGSTo plays an important role in the antioxidation and detoxification of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghao Kang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Wan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YY, Guo XL, Liu YL, Liu F, Wang HF, Guo XQ, Xu BH. Functional and mutational analyses of an omega-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTO2) that is required for reducing oxidative damage in Apis cerana cerana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:470-486. [PMID: 27170478 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases perform a variety of vital functions, particularly in reducing oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of Apis cerana cerana omega-class glutathione S-transferase 2 (AccGSTO2) under various stresses and explored its connection with antioxidant defences. We found that AccGSTO2 knockdown by RNA interference triggered increased mortality in Ap. cerana cerana, and immunohistochemistry revealed significantly decreased AccGSTO2 expression, particularly in the midgut and fat body. Further analyses indicated that AccGSTO2 knockdown resulted in decreases in catalase and glutathione reductase activities, ascorbate content and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and increases in H2 O2 , malondialdehyde and carbonyl contents. We also analysed the transcripts of other antioxidant genes and found that many genes were down-regulated in the AccGSTO2 knockdown samples, revealing that AccGSTO2 may be indispensable for attaining a normal lifespan by enhancing cellular oxidative resistance. In addition, the roles of cysteine residues in AccGSTO2 were explored using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants of Cys(28) and Cys(124) significantly affected the enzyme and antioxidant activities of AccGSTO2, which may be attributed to the changes in the spatial structures of mutants as determined by homology modelling. In summary, these observations provide novel insight into the structural and functional characteristics of GSTOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - X-L Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Y-L Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - F Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - H-F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - X-Q Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - B-H Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Kim JG, Ahn CS, Kim SH, Bae YA, Kwon NY, Kang I, Yang HJ, Sohn WM, Kong Y. Clonorchis sinensis omega-class glutathione transferases play major roles in the protection of the reproductive system during maturation and the response to oxidative stress. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:337. [PMID: 27296469 PMCID: PMC4906895 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchis sinensis causes a major food-borne helminthic infection. This species locates in mammalian hepatobiliary ducts, where oxidative stressors and hydrophobic substances are profuse. To adapt to the hostile micromilieu and to ensure its long-term survival, the parasite continuously produces a diverse repertoire of antioxidant enzymes including several species of glutathione transferases (GSTs). Helminth GSTs play pertinent roles during sequestration of harmful xenobiotics since most helminths lack the cytochrome P-450 detoxifying enzyme. METHODS We isolated and analyzed the biochemical properties of two omega-class GSTs of C. sinensis (CsGSTo1 and CsGSTo2). We observed spatiotemporal expression patterns in accordance with the maturation of the worm's reproductive system. Possible biological protective roles of CsGSTos in these organs under oxidative stress were investigated. RESULTS The full-length cDNAs of CsGSTo1 and 2 constituted 965 bp and 1,061 bp with open reading frames of 737 bp (246 amino acids) and 669 bp (223 amino acids). They harbored characteristic N-terminal thioredoxin-like and C-terminal α-helical domains. A cysteine residue, which constituted omega-class specific active site, and the glutathione-binding amino acids, were recognized in appropriate positions. They shared 44 % sequence identity with each other and 14.8-44.8 % with orthologues/homologues from other organisms. Bacterially expressed recombinant proteins (rCsGSTo1 and 2) exhibited dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and thioltransferase activities. DHAR activity was higher than thioltransferase activity. They showed weak canonical GST activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. S-hexylglutathione potently and competitively inhibited the active-site at nanomolar concentrations (0.63 and 0.58 nM for rCsGSTo1 and 2). Interestingly, rCsGSTos exhibited high enzyme activity toward mu- and theta-class GST specific substrate, 4-nitrobenzyl chloride. Expression of CsGSTo transcripts and proteins increased beginning in 2-week-old juveniles and reached their highest levels in 4-week-old adults. The proteins were mainly expressed in the elements of the reproductive system, such as vitelline follicles, testes, seminal receptacle, sperm and eggs. Oxidative stressors induced upregulated expression of CsGSTos in these organs. Regardless of oxidative stresses, CsGSTos continued to be highly expressed in eggs. CsGSTo1 or 2 overexpressing bacteria demonstrated high resistance under oxidative killing. CONCLUSIONS CsGSTos might be critically involved in protection of the reproductive system during maturation of C. sinensis worms and in response to oxidative conditions, thereby contributing to maintenance of parasite fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Geun Kim
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Chun-Seob Ahn
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-An Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Na-Young Kwon
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yoon Kong
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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A glutathione S-transferase gene associated with antioxidant properties isolated from Apis cerana cerana. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Patricelli D, Barbero F, Occhipinti A, Bertea CM, Bonelli S, Casacci LP, Zebelo SA, Crocoll C, Gershenzon J, Maffei ME, Thomas JA, Balletto E. Plant defences against ants provide a pathway to social parasitism in butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1111. [PMID: 26156773 PMCID: PMC4528562 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemical cues and gene expressions that mediate herbivore–host-plant and parasite–host interactions can elucidate the ecological costs and benefits accruing to different partners in tight-knit community modules, and may reveal unexpected complexities. We investigated the exploitation of sequential hosts by the phytophagous–predaceous butterfly Maculinea arion, whose larvae initially feed on Origanum vulgare flowerheads before switching to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies for their main period of growth. Gravid female butterflies were attracted to Origanum plants that emitted high levels of the monoterpenoid volatile carvacrol, a condition that occurred when ants disturbed their roots: we also found that Origanum expressed four genes involved in monoterpene formation when ants were present, accompanied by a significant induction of jasmonates. When exposed to carvacrol, Myrmica workers upregulated five genes whose products bind and detoxify this biocide, and their colonies were more tolerant of it than other common ant genera, consistent with an observed ability to occupy the competitor-free spaces surrounding Origanum. A cost is potential colony destruction by Ma. arion, which in turn may benefit infested Origanum plants by relieving their roots of further damage. Our results suggest a new pathway, whereby social parasites can detect successive resources by employing plant volatiles to simultaneously select their initial plant food and a suitable sequential host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Patricelli
- Zoology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbero
- Zoology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Innovation Centre, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Cinzia M Bertea
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Innovation Centre, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Zoology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Luca P Casacci
- Zoology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Simon A Zebelo
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Innovation Centre, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Innovation Centre, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Jeremy A Thomas
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Emilio Balletto
- Zoology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
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Li G, Zhao H, Wang H, Guo X, Guo X, Sun Q, Xu B. Characterization of a Decapentapletic Gene (AccDpp) from Apis cerana cerana and Its Possible Involvement in Development and Response to Oxidative Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149117. [PMID: 26881804 PMCID: PMC4755538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To tolerate many acute and chronic oxidative stress-producing agents that exist in the environment, organisms have evolved many classes of signal transduction pathways, including the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signal pathway. Decapentapletic gene (Dpp) belongs to the TGFβ superfamily, and studies on Dpp have mainly focused on its role in the regulation of development. No study has investigated the response of Dpp to oxidative pressure in any organism, including Apis cerana cerana (A. cerana cerana). In this study, we identified a Dpp gene from A. cerana cerana named AccDpp. The 5΄ flanking region of AccDpp had many transcription factor binding sites that relevant to development and stress response. AccDpp was expressed at all stages of A. cerana cerana, with its highest expression in 15-day worker bees. The mRNA level of AccDpp was higher in the poison gland and midgut than other tissues. Furthermore, the transcription of AccDpp could be repressed by 4°C and UV, but induced by other treatments, according to our qRT-PCR analysis. It is worth noting that the expression level of AccDpp protein was increased after a certain time when A. cerana cerana was subjected to all simulative oxidative stresses, a finding that was not completely consistent with the result from qRT-PCR. It is interesting that recombinant AccDpp restrained the growth of Escherichia coli, a function that might account for the role of the antimicrobial peptides of AccDpp. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that AccDpp might be implicated in the regulation of development and the response of oxidative pressure. The findings may lay a theoretical foundation for further genetic studies of Dpp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xulei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QS); (BX)
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QS); (BX)
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Lee SY, Lim IA, Kang GU, Cha SJ, Altanbyek V, Kim HJ, Lee S, Kim K, Yim J. Protective effect of Drosophila glutathione transferase omega 1 against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal toxicity. Gene 2015; 568:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Berenbaum MR, Johnson RM. Xenobiotic detoxification pathways in honey bees. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 10:51-58. [PMID: 29588014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Relative to most other insect genomes, the western honey bee Apis mellifera has a deficit of detoxification genes spanning Phase I (functionalization), II (conjugation) and III (excretion) gene families. Although honeybees do not display across-the-board greater sensitivity to pesticides, this deficit may render them vulnerable to synergistic interactions among xenobiotics. Diet quality, in terms of protein and phytochemical content, has a pronounced influence on tolerance of toxic compounds. Detoxification gene inventory reduction may reflect an evolutionary history of consuming relatively chemically benign nectar and pollen, as other apoid pollinators display comparable levels of cytochrome P450 gene reduction. Enzymatic detoxification in the eusocial A. mellifera may be complemented by behaviors comprising a 'social detoxification system,' including forager discrimination, dilution by pollen mixing, and colony food processing via microbial fermentation, that reduces the number or quantity of ingested chemicals requiring detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- May R Berenbaum
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, 505 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801-3795, United States.
| | - Reed M Johnson
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4114, United States
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Huaxia Y, Wang F, Yan Y, Liu F, Wang H, Guo X, Xu B. A novel 1-Cys thioredoxin peroxidase gene in Apis cerana cerana: characterization of AccTpx4 and its role in oxidative stresses. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:663-72. [PMID: 25971604 PMCID: PMC4463924 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin peroxidase (Tpx), also named peroxiredoxin (Prx), is an important peroxidase that can protect organisms against stressful environments. AccTpx4, a 1-Cys thioredoxin peroxidase gene from the Chinese honey bee Apis cerana cerana, was cloned and characterized. The AccTpx4 gene encodes a protein that is predicted to contain the conserved PVCTTE motif from 1-Cys peroxiredoxin. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and Western blotting revealed that AccTpx4 was induced by various oxidative stresses, such as cold, heat, insecticides, H(2)O(2), and HgCl(2). The in vivo peroxidase activity assay showed that recombinant AccTpx4 protein could efficiently degrade H(2)O(2) in the presence of DL-dithiothreitol (DTT). In addition, disc fusion assays revealed that AccTpx4 could function to protect cells against oxidative stresses. These results indicate that AccTpx4 plays an important role in oxidative stress responses and may contribute to the conservation of honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Huaxia
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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You Y, Xie M, Ren N, Cheng X, Li J, Ma X, Zou M, Vasseur L, Gurr GM, You M. Characterization and expression profiling of glutathione S-transferases in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:152. [PMID: 25887517 PMCID: PMC4358871 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes that play important roles in insects. The completion of several insect genome projects has enabled the identification and characterization of GST genes over recent years. This study presents a genome-wide investigation of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, a species in which the GSTs are of special importance because this pest is highly resistant to many insecticides. Results A total of 22 putative cytosolic GSTs were identified from a published P. xylostella genome and grouped into 6 subclasses (with two unclassified). Delta, Epsilon and Omega GSTs were numerically superior with 5 genes for each of the subclasses. The resulting phylogenetic tree showed that the P. xylostella GSTs were all clustered into Lepidoptera-specific branches. Intron sites and phases as well as GSH binding sites were strongly conserved within each of the subclasses in the GSTs of P. xylostella. Transcriptome-, RNA-seq- and qRT-PCR-based analyses showed that the GST genes were developmental stage- and strain-specifically expressed. Most of the highly expressed genes in insecticide resistant strains were also predominantly expressed in the Malpighian tubules, midgut or epidermis. Conclusions To date, this is the most comprehensive study on genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling of the GST family in P. xylostella. The diversified features and expression patterns of the GSTs are inferred to be associated with the capacity of this species to develop resistance to a wide range of pesticides and biological toxins. Our findings provide a base for functional research on specific GST genes, a better understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance, and strategies for more sustainable management of the pest. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1343-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun You
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Miao Xie
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Nana Ren
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jianyu Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Minming Zou
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,EH Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Chen X, Yao P, Chu X, Hao L, Guo X, Xu B. Isolation of arginine kinase from Apis cerana cerana and its possible involvement in response to adverse stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:169-83. [PMID: 25135575 PMCID: PMC4255252 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine kinases (AK) in invertebrates play the same role as creatine kinases in vertebrates. Both proteins are important for energy metabolism, and previous studies on AK focused on this attribute. In this study, the arginine kinase gene was isolated from Apis cerana cerana and was named AccAK. A 5'-flanking region was also cloned and shown to contain abundant putative binding sites for transcription factors related to development and response to adverse stress. We imitated several abiotic and biotic stresses suffered by A. cerana cerana during their life, including heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, heat, cold, oxidants, antioxidants, ecdysone, and Ascosphaera apis and then studied the expression patterns of AccAK after these treatments. AccAK was upregulated under all conditions, and, in some conditions, this response was very pronounced. Western blot and AccAK enzyme activity assays confirmed the results. In addition, a disc diffusion assay showed that overexpression of AccAK reduced the resistance of Escherichia coli cells to multiple adverse stresses. Taken together, our results indicated that AccAK may be involved of great significance in response to adverse abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yao
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Hao
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Li Y, Gao H, Guo X, Xu B. sHsp22.6, an intronless small heat shock protein gene, is involved in stress defence and development in Apis cerana cerana. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 53:1-12. [PMID: 25008786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) play an important role in protecting against stress-induced cell damage and fundamental physiological processes. In this study, we identified an intronless sHsp gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccsHsp22.6). The open reading frame of AccsHsp22.6 was 585 bp and encoded a 194 amino acid protein. Furthermore, a 2064 bp 5'-flanking region was isolated, and potential transcription factor binding sites associated with development and stress response were identified. Quantitative PCR and western blot analyses demonstrated that AccsHsp22.6 was detected at higher levels in the midgut than in other tissues tested, and it is highly expressed during the shift to different development stages. Moreover, AccsHsp22.6 was significantly up-regulated by abiotic and biotic stresses, such as 4 °C, 16 °C, 42 °C, cyhalothrin, pyridaben, H2O2, UV, CdCl2, 20-hydroxyecdysone and Ascosphaera apis treatments. However, AccsHsp22.6 was slightly repressed by other stresses, including 25 °C, phoxim, paraquat and HgCl2 treatments. The recombinant AccsHSP22.6 also exhibited significant temperature tolerance, antioxidation and molecular chaperone activity. In addition, we found that knockdown of AccsHsp22.6 by RNA interference remarkably reduced temperature tolerance in A. cerana cerana. Taken together, these results suggest that AccsHsp22.6 plays an essential role in the development stages and defence against cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Yaling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Xulei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yalu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Hongru Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Yan Y, Zhang Y, Huaxia Y, Wang X, Yao P, Guo X, Xu B. Identification and characterisation of a novel 1-Cys thioredoxin peroxidase gene ( AccTpx5 ) from Apis cerana cerana. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Meng F, Zhang Y, Liu F, Guo X, Xu B. Characterization and mutational analysis of omega-class GST (GSTO1) from Apis cerana cerana, a gene involved in response to oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93100. [PMID: 24667966 PMCID: PMC3965517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omega-class of GSTs (GSTOs) is a class of cytosolic GSTs that have specific structural and functional characteristics that differ from those of other GST groups. In this study, we demonstrated the involvement of the GSTO1 gene from A. cerana cerana in the oxidative stress response and further investigated the effects of three cysteine residues of GSTO1 protein on this response. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that AccGSTO1 was highly expressed in larvae and foragers, primarily in the midgut, epidermis, and flight muscles. The AccGSTO1 mRNA was significantly induced by cold and heat at 1 h and 3 h. The TBA (2-Thiobarbituric acid) method indicated that cold or heat resulted in MDA accumulation, but silencing of AccGSTO1 by RNAi in honeybees increased the concentration of MDA. RNAi also increased the temperature sensitivity of honeybees and markedly reduced their survival. Disc diffusion assay indicated that overexpression of AccGSTO1 in E. coli caused the resistance to long-term oxidative stress. Furthermore, AccGSTO1 was active in an in vitro DNA protection assay. Mutations in Cys-28, Cys-70, and Cys-124 affected the catalytic activity and antioxidant activity of AccGSTO1. The predicted three-dimensional structure of AccGSTO1 was also influenced by the replacement of these cysteine residues. These findings suggest that AccGSTO1 plays a protective role in the response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Bryon A, Wybouw N, Dermauw W, Tirry L, Van Leeuwen T. Genome wide gene-expression analysis of facultative reproductive diapause in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:815. [PMID: 24261877 PMCID: PMC4046741 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause or developmental arrest, is one of the major adaptations that allows mites and insects to survive unfavorable conditions. Diapause evokes a number of physiological, morphological and molecular modifications. In general, diapause is characterized by a suppression of the metabolism, change in behavior, increased stress tolerance and often by the synthesis of cryoprotectants. At the molecular level, diapause is less studied but characterized by a complex and regulated change in gene-expression. The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a serious polyphagous pest that exhibits a reproductive facultative diapause, which allows it to survive winter conditions. Diapausing mites turn deeply orange in color, stop feeding and do not lay eggs. RESULTS We investigated essential physiological processes in diapausing mites by studying genome-wide expression changes, using a custom built microarray. Analysis of this dataset showed that a remarkable number, 11% of the total number of predicted T. urticae genes, were differentially expressed. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that many metabolic pathways were affected in diapausing females. Genes related to digestion and detoxification, cryoprotection, carotenoid synthesis and the organization of the cytoskeleton were profoundly influenced by the state of diapause. Furthermore, we identified and analyzed an unique class of putative antifreeze proteins that were highly upregulated in diapausing females. We also further confirmed the involvement of horizontally transferred carotenoid synthesis genes in diapause and different color morphs of T. urticae. CONCLUSIONS This study offers the first in-depth analysis of genome-wide gene-expression patterns related to diapause in a member of the Chelicerata, and further adds to our understanding of the overall strategies of diapause in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Bryon
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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