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Rashidi S, Bagherpour G, Abbasi-Malati Z, Khosrowshahi ND, Chegeni SA, Roozbahani G, Lotfimehr H, Sokullu E, Rahbarghazi R. Endothelial progenitor cells for fabrication of engineered vascular units and angiogenesis induction. Cell Prolif 2024:e13716. [PMID: 39051852 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The promotion of vascularization and angiogenesis in the grafts is a crucial phenomenon in the healing process and tissue engineering. It has been shown that stem cells, especially endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), can stimulate blood vessel formation inside the engineered hydrogels after being transplanted into the target sites. The incorporation of EPCs into the hydrogel can last the retention time, long-term survival, on-target delivery effects, migration and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Despite these advantages, further modifications are mandatory to increase the dynamic growth and angiogenesis potential of EPCs in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Chemical modifications of distinct composites with distinct physical properties can yield better regenerative potential and angiogenesis during several pathologies. Here, we aimed to collect recent findings related to the application of EPCs in engineered vascular grafts and/or hydrogels for improving vascularization in the grafts. Data from the present article can help us in the application of EPCs as valid cell sources in the tissue engineering of several ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Rashidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Bagherpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Aghakhani Chegeni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golbarg Roozbahani
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Lotfimehr
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Das A, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST. Harnessing the potential of monocytes/macrophages to regenerate tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:839-854. [PMID: 38742656 PMCID: PMC11218695 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free tissue-engineered vascular grafts provide a promising alternative to treat cardiovascular disease, but timely endothelialization is essential for ensuring patency and proper functioning post-implantation. Recent studies from our lab showed that blood cells like monocytes (MCs) and macrophages (Mϕ) may contribute directly to cellularization and regeneration of bioengineered arteries in small and large animal models. While MCs and Mϕ are leucocytes that are part of the innate immune response, they share common developmental origins with endothelial cells (ECs) and are known to play crucial roles during vessel formation (angiogenesis) and vessel repair after inflammation/injury. They are highly plastic cells that polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes upon exposure to cytokines and differentiate into other cell types, including EC-like cells, in the presence of appropriate chemical and mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the developmental origins of MCs and ECs; the role of MCs and Mϕ in vessel repair/regeneration during inflammation/injury; and the role of chemical signalling and mechanical forces in Mϕ inflammation that mediates vascular graft regeneration. We postulate that comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will better inform the development of strategies to coax MCs/Mϕ into endothelializing the lumen and regenerate the smooth muscle layers of cell-free bioengineered arteries and veins that are designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and perhaps the native vasculature as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE) Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 813 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
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3
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Eiken MK, Childs CJ, Brastrom LK, Frum T, Plaster EM, Shachaf O, Pfeiffer S, Levine JE, Alysandratos KD, Kotton DN, Spence JR, Loebel C. Nascent matrix deposition supports alveolar organoid formation from aggregates in synthetic hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585720. [PMID: 38562781 PMCID: PMC10983987 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived alveolar organoids have emerged as a system to model the alveolar epithelium in homeostasis and disease. However, alveolar organoids are typically grown in Matrigel, a mouse-sarcoma derived basement membrane matrix that offers poor control over matrix properties, prompting the development of synthetic hydrogels as a Matrigel alternative. Here, we develop a two-step culture method that involves pre-aggregation of organoids in hydrogel-based microwells followed by embedding in a synthetic hydrogel that supports alveolar organoid growth, while also offering considerable control over organoid and hydrogel properties. We find that the aggregated organoids secrete their own nascent extracellular matrix (ECM) both in the microwells and upon embedding in the synthetic hydrogels. Thus, the synthetic gels described here allow us to de-couple exogenous and nascent ECM in order to interrogate the role of ECM in organoid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline K. Eiken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Charlie J. Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindy K. Brastrom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eleanor M. Plaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Orren Shachaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Suzanne Pfeiffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Justin E. Levine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Ryan H, Veintimilla A, Groso C, Moore E. Preclinical in vitro model of monocyte influence on microvessel structure in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:e001013. [PMID: 37949631 PMCID: PMC10649862 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Ryan
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alison Veintimilla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Groso
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erika Moore
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
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5
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Jha A, Larkin J, Moore E. SOCS1-KIR Peptide in PEGDA Hydrogels Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Activation. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300237. [PMID: 37337867 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages modulate the wound healing cascade by adopting different phenotypes such as pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-wound healing (M2). To reduce M1 activation, the JAK/STAT pathway can be targeted by using suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS1) proteins. Recently a peptide mimicking the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS1 has been utilized to manipulate the adaptive immune response. However, the utilization of SOCS1-KIR to reduce pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages is yet to be investigated in a biomaterial formulation. This study introduces a PEGDA hydrogel platform to investigate SOCS1-KIR as a macrophage phenotype manipulating peptide. Immunocytochemistry, cytokine secretion assays, and gene expression analysis for pro-inflammatory macrophage markers in 2D and 3D experiments demonstrate a reduction in M1 activation due to SOCS1-KIR treatment. The retention of SOCS1-KIR in the hydrogel through release assays and diffusion tests is demonstrated. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel also remains unaffected with the entrapment of SOCS1-KIR. This study elucidates how SOCS1-KIR peptide in PEGDA hydrogels can be utilized as an effective therapeutic for macrophage manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Jha
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Erika Moore
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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6
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Friend NE, McCoy AJ, Stegemann JP, Putnam AJ. A combination of matrix stiffness and degradability dictate microvascular network assembly and remodeling in cell-laden poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122050. [PMID: 36812843 PMCID: PMC10191204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of functional capillary blood vessels that can sustain the metabolic demands of transplanted parenchymal cells remains one of the biggest challenges to the clinical realization of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. As such, there remains a need to better understand the fundamental influences of the microenvironment on vascularization. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been widely adopted to interrogate the influence of matrix physicochemical properties on cellular phenotypes and morphogenetic programs, including the formation of microvascular networks, in part due to the ease with which their properties can be controlled. In this study, we co-encapsulated endothelial cells and fibroblasts in PEG-norbornene (PEGNB) hydrogels in which stiffness and degradability were tuned to assess their independent and synergistic effects on vessel network formation and cell-mediated matrix remodeling longitudinally. Specifically, we achieved a range of stiffnesses and differing rates of degradation by varying the crosslinking ratio of norbornenes to thiols and incorporating either one (sVPMS) or two (dVPMS) cleavage sites within the matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) sensitive crosslinker, respectively. In less degradable sVPMS gels, decreasing the crosslinking ratio (thereby decreasing the initial stiffness) supported enhanced vascularization. When degradability was increased in dVPMS gels, all crosslinking ratios supported robust vascularization regardless of initial mechanical properties. The vascularization in both conditions was coincident with the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and cell-mediated stiffening, which was greater in dVPMS conditions after a week of culture. Collectively, these results indicate that enhanced cell-mediated remodeling of a PEG hydrogel, achieved either by reduced crosslinking or increased degradability, leads to more rapid vessel formation and higher degrees of cell-mediated stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Atticus J McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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7
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Mierke CT. Physical and biological advances in endothelial cell-based engineered co-culture model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:58-69. [PMID: 36732105 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientific knowledge in the field of cell biology and mechanobiology heavily leans on cell-based in vitro experiments and models that favor the examination and comprehension of certain biological processes and occurrences across a variety of environments. Cell culture assays are an invaluable instrument for a vast spectrum of biomedical and biophysical investigations. The quality of experimental models in terms of simplicity, reproducibility, and combinability with other methods, and in particular the scale at which they depict cell fate in native tissues, is critical to advancing the knowledge of the comprehension of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in tissues and organs. Typically, in vitro models are centered on the experimental tinkering of mammalian cells, most often cultured as monolayers on planar, two-dimensional (2D) materials. Notwithstanding the significant advances and numerous findings that have been accomplished with flat biology models, their usefulness for generating further new biological understanding is constrained because the simple 2D setting does not reproduce the physiological response of cells in natural living tissues. In addition, the co-culture systems in a 2D stetting weakly mirror their natural environment of tissues and organs. Significant advances in 3D cell biology and matrix engineering have resulted in the creation and establishment of a new type of cell culture shapes that more accurately represents the in vivo microenvironment and allows cells and their interactions to be analyzed in a biomimetic approach. Contemporary biomedical and biophysical science has novel advances in technology that permit the design of more challenging and resilient in vitro models for tissue engineering, with a particular focus on scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips, which cover the purposes of co-cultures. Even these complex systems must be kept as simplified as possible in order to grasp a particular section of physiology too very precisely. In particular, it is highly appreciated that they bridge the space between conventional animal research and human (patho)physiology. In this review, the recent progress in 3D biomimetic culturation is presented with a special focus on co-cultures, with an emphasis on the technological building blocks and endothelium-based co-culture models in cancer research that are available for the development of more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues under normal and diseased conditions. Through applications and samples of various physiological and disease models, it is possible to identify the frontiers and future engagement issues that will have to be tackled to integrate synthetic biomimetic culture systems far more successfully into biomedical and biophysical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Hydrogel-Based Tissue-Mimics for Vascular Regeneration and Tumor Angiogenesis. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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9
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Chavez T, Gerecht S. Engineering of the microenvironment to accelerate vascular regeneration. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:35-47. [PMID: 36371337 PMCID: PMC9742290 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are crucial for tissue development, functionality, and homeostasis and are typically a determinant in the progression of healing and regeneration. The tissue microenvironment provides physicochemical cues that affect cellular function, and the study of the microenvironment can be accelerated by the engineering of approaches capable of mimicking various aspects of the microenvironment. In this review, we introduce the major components of the vascular niche and focus on the roles of oxygen and the extracellular matrix (ECM). We demonstrate how vascular engineering approaches enhance our understanding of the microenvironment's impact on the vasculature towards vascular regeneration and describe the current limitations and future directions towards clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Salg GA, Blaeser A, Gerhardus JS, Hackert T, Kenngott HG. Vascularization in Bioartificial Parenchymal Tissue: Bioink and Bioprinting Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158589. [PMID: 35955720 PMCID: PMC9369172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among advanced therapy medicinal products, tissue-engineered products have the potential to address the current critical shortage of donor organs and provide future alternative options in organ replacement therapy. The clinically available tissue-engineered products comprise bradytrophic tissue such as skin, cornea, and cartilage. A sufficient macro- and microvascular network to support the viability and function of effector cells has been identified as one of the main challenges in developing bioartificial parenchymal tissue. Three-dimensional bioprinting is an emerging technology that might overcome this challenge by precise spatial bioink deposition for the generation of a predefined architecture. Bioinks are printing substrates that may contain cells, matrix compounds, and signaling molecules within support materials such as hydrogels. Bioinks can provide cues to promote vascularization, including proangiogenic signaling molecules and cocultured cells. Both of these strategies are reported to enhance vascularization. We review pre-, intra-, and postprinting strategies such as bioink composition, bioprinting platforms, and material deposition strategies for building vascularized tissue. In addition, bioconvergence approaches such as computer simulation and artificial intelligence can support current experimental designs. Imaging-derived vascular trees can serve as blueprints. While acknowledging that a lack of structured evidence inhibits further meta-analysis, this review discusses an end-to-end process for the fabrication of vascularized, parenchymal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alexander Salg
- Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (G.A.S.); (H.G.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56310306 (G.A.S.); +49-6221-5636611 (H.G.K.)
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technology, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (J.S.G.)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jamina Sofie Gerhardus
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technology, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hannes Goetz Kenngott
- Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (G.A.S.); (H.G.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56310306 (G.A.S.); +49-6221-5636611 (H.G.K.)
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11
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Soliman BG, Major GS, Atienza-Roca P, Murphy CA, Longoni A, Alcala-Orozco CR, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Gawlitta D, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS. Development and Characterization of Gelatin-Norbornene Bioink to Understand the Interplay between Physical Architecture and Micro-Capillary Formation in Biofabricated Vascularized Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101873. [PMID: 34710291 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The principle challenge for engineering viable, cell-laden hydrogel constructs of clinically-relevant size, is rapid vascularization, in order to moderate the finite capacity of passive nutrient diffusion. A multiscale vascular approach, with large open channels and bulk microcapillaries may be an admissible approach to accelerate this process, promoting overall pre-vascularization for long-term viability of constructs. However, the limited availability of bioinks that possess suitable characteristics that support both fabrication of complex architectures and formation of microcapillaries, remains a barrier to advancement in this space. In this study, gelatin-norbornene (Gel-NOR) is investigated as a vascular bioink with tailorable physico-mechanical properties, which promoted the self-assembly of human stromal and endothelial cells into microcapillaries, as well as being compatible with extrusion and lithography-based biofabrication modalities. Gel-NOR constructs containing self-assembled microcapillaries are successfully biofabricated with varying physical architecture (fiber diameter, spacing, and orientation). Both channel sizes and cell types affect the overall structural changes of the printed constructs, where cross-signaling between both human stromal and endothelial cells may be responsible for the reduction in open channel lumen observed over time. Overall, this work highlights an exciting three-way interplay between bioink formulation, construct design, and cell-mediated response that can be exploited towards engineering vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gretel S Major
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Pau Atienza-Roca
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Murphy
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Cesar R Alcala-Orozco
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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12
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Shafiee S, Shariatzadeh S, Zafari A, Majd A, Niknejad H. Recent Advances on Cell-Based Co-Culture Strategies for Prevascularization in Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:745314. [PMID: 34900955 PMCID: PMC8655789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.745314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the fabrication of a functional vascular network to maintain the viability of engineered tissues is a major bottleneck in the way of developing a more advanced engineered construct. Inspired by vasculogenesis during the embryonic period, the in vitro prevascularization strategies have focused on optimizing communications and interactions of cells, biomaterial and culture conditions to develop a capillary-like network to tackle the aforementioned issue. Many of these studies employ a combination of endothelial lineage cells and supporting cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and perivascular cells to create a lumenized endothelial network. These supporting cells are necessary for the stabilization of the newly developed endothelial network. Moreover, to optimize endothelial network development without impairing biomechanical properties of scaffolds or differentiation of target tissue cells, several other factors, including target tissue, endothelial cell origins, the choice of supporting cell, culture condition, incorporated pro-angiogenic factors, and choice of biomaterial must be taken into account. The prevascularization method can also influence the endothelial lineage cell/supporting cell co-culture system to vascularize the bioengineered constructs. This review aims to investigate the recent advances on standard cells used in in vitro prevascularization methods, their co-culture systems, and conditions in which they form an organized and functional vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Majd
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jha A, Moore E. Collagen-derived peptide, DGEA, inhibits pro-inflammatory macrophages in biofunctional hydrogels. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2021; 37:77-87. [PMID: 35185277 PMCID: PMC8810474 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-021-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that play important roles in wound healing. Particularly, M1 macrophages are considered pro-inflammatory and promote initial phases of inflammation. Long-term exposure to inflammatory stimuli causes an increase in M1 macrophages, which contributes to chronic inflammation. Activated M1 macrophages have been shown to upregulate integrin α2β1 expression. To interfere with α2β1 binding, we designed a biofunctional hydrogel utilizing a collagen I-derived peptide, DGEA (Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala). We hypothesize that M1 macrophage activation can be reduced in the presence of DGEA. Effects of DGEA on M1 macrophages were studied via soluble delivery and immobilization within poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. We demonstrate that M1 macrophage activation is reduced both via soluble delivery of DGEA in 2D and via immobilized DGEA in a 3D PEG-DGEA hydrogel. This novel biomaterial can manipulate inflammatory macrophage activation and can be applied to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions via macrophage manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Jha
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Erika Moore
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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14
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De D, Upadhyay P, Das A, Ghosh A, Adhikary A, Goswami MM. Studies on cancer cell death through delivery of dopamine as anti-cancer drug by a newly functionalized cobalt ferrite nano-carrier. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Whelan IT, Moeendarbary E, Hoey DA, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34034238 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac04f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified inin vitrobone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineeredin vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelledin vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had inin vitroorgan modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculaturein vitrowithin the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.
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16
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Manian KV, Galloway CA, Dalvi S, Emanuel AA, Mereness JA, Black W, Winschel L, Soto C, Li Y, Song Y, DeMaria W, Kumar A, Slukvin I, Schwartz MP, Murphy WL, Anand-Apte B, Chung M, Benoit DSW, Singh R. 3D iPSC modeling of the retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillaris complex identifies factors involved in the pathology of macular degeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:846-862.e8. [PMID: 33784497 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choriocapillaris (CC) complex in the eye is compromised in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related macular dystrophies (MDs), yet in vitro models of RPE-CC complex that enable investigation of AMD/MD pathophysiology are lacking. By incorporating iPSC-derived cells into a hydrogel-based extracellular matrix, we developed a 3D RPE-CC model that recapitulates key features of both healthy and AMD/MD eyes and provides modular control over RPE and CC layers. Using this 3D RPE-CC model, we demonstrated that both RPE- and mesenchyme-secreted factors are necessary for the formation of fenestrated CC-like vasculature. Our data show that choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and CC atrophy occur in the absence of endothelial cell dysfunction and are not necessarily secondary to drusen deposits underneath RPE cells, and CC atrophy and/or CNV can be initiated systemically by patient serum or locally by mutant RPE-secreted factors. Finally, we identify FGF2 and matrix metalloproteinases as potential therapeutic targets for AMD/MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan V Manian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Chad A Galloway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Sonal Dalvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Anthony A Emanuel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Jared A Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Whitney Black
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Lauren Winschel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Celia Soto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - William DeMaria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Michael P Schwartz
- NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mina Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 USA; UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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17
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Scott RA, Kiick KL, Akins RE. Substrate stiffness directs the phenotype and polarization state of cord blood derived macrophages. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:220-235. [PMID: 33359292 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) mononuclear cell populations have demonstrated significant promise in biomaterials-based regenerative therapies; however, the contributions of monocyte and macrophage subpopulations towards proper tissue healing and regeneration are not well understood, and the phenotypic responses of macrophage to microenvironmental cues have not been well-studied. In this work, we evaluated the effects of cytokine stimulation and altered substrate stiffness. Macrophage derived from CB CD14+ monocytes adopted distinct inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2a and M2c) phenotypes in response to cytokine stimulation (M1: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN-γ); M2a: interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13; M2c: IL-10) as determined through expression of relevant cell surface markers and growth factors. Cytokine-induced macrophage readily altered their phenotypes upon sequential administration of different cytokine cocktails. The impact of substrate stiffness on macrophage phenotype was evaluated by seeding CB-derived macrophage on 3wt%, 6wt%, and 14wt% poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels, which exhibited swollen shear moduli of 0.1, 3.4, and 10.3 kPa, respectively. Surface marker expression and cytokine production varied depending on modulus, with anti-inflammatory phenotypes increasing with elevated substrate stiffness. Integration of specific hydrogel moduli and cytokine cocktail treatments resulted in the differential regulation of macrophage phenotypic biomarkers. These data suggest that CB-derived macrophages exhibit predictable behaviors that can be directed and finely tuned by combinatorial modulation of substrate physical properties and cytokine profiles.
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18
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Meijer EM, van Dijk CGM, Kramann R, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Implementation of Pericytes in Vascular Regeneration Strategies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1-21. [PMID: 33231500 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the survival and integration of complex large-sized tissue-engineered (TE) organ constructs that exceed the maximal nutrients and oxygen diffusion distance required for cell survival, graft (pre)vascularization to ensure medium or blood supply is crucial. To achieve this, the morphology and functionality of the microcapillary bed should be mimicked by incorporating vascular cell populations, including endothelium and mural cells. Pericytes play a crucial role in microvascular function, blood vessel stability, angiogenesis, and blood pressure regulation. In addition, tissue-specific pericytes are important in maintaining specific functions in different organs, including vitamin A storage in the liver, renin production in the kidneys and maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier. Together with their multipotential differentiation capacity, this makes pericytes the preferred cell type for application in TE grafts. The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the TE organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)-vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts. Impact statement The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the tissue-engineered (TE) organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Li Y, Hoffman MD, Benoit DSW. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable tissue engineered periosteum coordinates allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120535. [PMID: 33271450 PMCID: PMC8110201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite serving as the clinical "gold standard" treatment for critical size bone defects, decellularized allografts suffer from long-term failure rates of ~60% due to the absence of the periosteum. Stem and osteoprogenitor cells within the periosteum orchestrate autograft healing through host cell recruitment, which initiates the regenerative process. To emulate periosteum-mediated healing, tissue engineering approaches have been utilized with mixed outcomes. While vascularization has been widely established as critical for bone regeneration, innervation was recently identified to be spatiotemporally regulated together with vascularization and similarly indispensable to bone healing. Notwithstanding, there are no known approaches that have focused on periosteal matrix cues to coordinate host vessel and/or axon recruitment. Here, we investigated the influence of hydrogel degradation mechanism, i.e. hydrolytic or enzymatic (cell-dictated), on tissue engineered periosteum (TEP)-modified allograft healing, especially host vessel/nerve recruitment and integration. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable hydrogels supported endothelial cell migration from encapsulated spheroids whereas no migration was observed in hydrolytically degradable hydrogels in vitro, which correlated with increased neurovascularization in vivo. Specifically, ~2.45 and 1.84-fold, and ~3.48 and 2.58-fold greater vessel and nerve densities with high levels of vessel and nerve co-localization was observed using MMP degradable TEP (MMP-TEP) -modified allografts versus unmodified and hydrolytically degradable TEP (Hydro-TEP)-modified allografts, respectively, at 3 weeks post-surgery. MMP-TEP-modified allografts exhibited greater longitudinal graft-localized vascularization and endochondral ossification, along with 4-fold and 2-fold greater maximum torques versus unmodified and Hydro-TEP-modified allografts after 9 weeks, respectively, which was comparable to that of autografts. In summary, our results demonstrated that the MMP-TEP coordinated allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Michael D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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20
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Scott RA, Fowler EW, Jia X, Kiick KL, Akins RE. Regulation of neovasculogenesis in co-cultures of aortic adventitial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells by cell-cell interactions and TGF-β/ALK5 signaling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244243. [PMID: 33370415 PMCID: PMC7769260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are critical mediators of vascular remodeling. However, the contributions of AFs towards development of vasculature and the specific mechanisms by which these cells regulate physiological expansion of the vasa vasorum, the specialized microvasculature that supplies nutrients to the vascular wall, are not well understood. To determine the regulatory role of AFs in microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) neovasculogenesis and to investigate the regulatory pathways utilized for communication between the two cell types, AFs and MVECs were cultured together in poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels. Following preliminary evaluation of a set of cell adhesion peptides (AG10, AG73, A2G78, YIGSR, RGD), 7.5wt% hydrogels containing 3 mM RGD were selected as these substrates did not initiate primitive tubule structures in 3D MVEC monocultures, thus providing a passive platform to study AF-MVEC interaction. The addition of AFs to hydrogels promoted MVEC viability; however, increasing AF density within hydrogels stimulated MVEC proliferation, increased microvessel density and size, and enhanced deposition of basement membrane proteins, collagen IV and laminin. Importantly, AF-MVEC communication through the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) signaling pathway was observed to mediate microvessel formation, as inhibition of ALK5 significantly decreased MVEC proliferation, microvessel formation, mural cell recruitment, and basement membrane production. These data indicate that AFs regulate MVEC neovasculogenesis and suggest that therapeutics targeting the TGF-β/ALK5 pathway may be useful for regulation of vasculogenic and anti-vasculogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Nemours—Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Akins
- Nemours—Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
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21
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Ghuman H, Matta R, Tompkins A, Nitzsche F, Badylak SF, Gonzalez AL, Modo M. ECM hydrogel improves the delivery of PEG microsphere-encapsulated neural stem cells and endothelial cells into tissue cavities caused by stroke. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:120-137. [PMID: 33373665 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral implantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to treat stroke remains an inefficient process with <5% of injected cells being retained. To improve the retention and distribution of NSCs after a stroke, we investigated the utility of NSCs' encapsulation in polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres. We first characterized the impact of the physical properties of different syringes and needles, as well as ejection speed, upon delivery of microspheres to the stroke injured rat brain. A 20 G needle size at a 10 μL/min flow rate achieved the most efficient microsphere ejection. Secondly, we optimized the delivery vehicles for in vivo implantation of PEG microspheres. The suspension of microspheres in extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel showed superior retention and distribution in a cortical stroke caused by photothrombosis, as well as in a striatal and cortical cavity ensuing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Thirdly, NSCs or NSCs + endothelial cells (ECs) encapsulated into biodegradable microspheres were implanted into a large stroke cavity. Cells in microspheres exhibited a high viability, survived freezing and transport. Implantation of 110 cells/microsphere suspended in ECM hydrogel produced a highly efficient delivery that resulted in the widespread distribution of NSCs in the tissue cavity and damaged peri-infarct tissues. Co-delivery of ECs enhanced the in vivo survival and distribution of ∼1.1 million NSCs. The delivery of NSCs and ECs can be dramatically improved using microsphere encapsulation combined with suspension in ECM hydrogel. These biomaterial innovations are essential to advance clinical efforts to improve the treatment of stroke using intracerebral cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rita Matta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Franziska Nitzsche
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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22
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Ying G, Jiang N, Parra C, Tang G, Zhang J, Wang H, Chen S, Huang NP, Xie J, Zhang YS. Bioprinted Injectable Hierarchically Porous Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Constructs with Shape-Memory Properties. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2003740. [PMID: 33708030 PMCID: PMC7941201 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct injection of cell-laden hydrogels shows high potentials in tissue regeneration for translational therapy. The traditional cell-laden hydrogels are often used as bulk space fillers to tissue defects after injection, likely limiting their structural controllability. On the other hand, patterned cell-laden hydrogel constructs often necessitate invasive surgical procedures. To overcome these problems, herein, we report a unique strategy for encapsulating living human cells in a pore-forming gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioink to ultimately produce injectable hierarchically macro-micro-nanoporous cell-laden GelMA hydrogel constructs through three-dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting. The hydrogel constructs can be fabricated into various shapes and sizes that are defect-specific. Due to the hierarchically macro-micro-nanoporous structures, the cell-laden hydrogel constructs can readily recover to their original shapes, and sustain high cell viability, proliferation, spreading, and differentiation after compression and injection. Besides, in vivo studies further reveal that the hydrogel constructs can integrate well with the surrounding host tissues. These findings suggest that our unique 3D-bioprinted pore-forming GelMA hydrogel constructs are promising candidates for applications in minimally invasive tissue regeneration and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Ying
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Carolina Parra
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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23
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Abstract
Microvasculature functions at the tissue and cell level, regulating local mass exchange of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood. While there has been considerable success in the biofabrication of large- and small-vessel replacements, functional microvasculature has been particularly challenging to engineer due to its size and complexity. Recently, three-dimensional bioprinting has expanded the possibilities of fabricating sophisticated microvascular systems by enabling precise spatiotemporal placement of cells and biomaterials based on computer-aided design. However, there are still significant challenges facing the development of printable biomaterials that promote robust formation and controlled 3D organization of microvascular networks. This review provides a thorough examination and critical evaluation of contemporary biomaterials and their specific roles in bioprinting microvasculature. We first provide an overview of bioprinting methods and techniques that enable the fabrication of microvessels. We then offer an in-depth critical analysis on the use of hydrogel bioinks for printing microvascularized constructs within the framework of current bioprinting modalities. We end with a review of recent applications of bioprinted microvasculature for disease modeling, drug testing, and tissue engineering, and conclude with an outlook on the challenges facing the evolution of biomaterials design for bioprinting microvasculature with physiological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Barrs
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jia Jia
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sophia E. Silver
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael Yost
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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24
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Kargozar S, Baino F, Hamzehlou S, Hamblin MR, Mozafari M. Nanotechnology for angiogenesis: opportunities and challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5008-5057. [PMID: 32538379 PMCID: PMC7418030 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role within the human body, from the early stages of life (i.e., embryonic development) to life-threatening diseases (e.g., cancer, heart attack, stroke, wound healing). Many pharmaceutical companies have expended huge efforts on both stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis. During the last decade, the nanotechnology revolution has made a great impact in medicine, and regulatory approvals are starting to be achieved for nanomedicines to treat a wide range of diseases. Angiogenesis therapies involve the inhibition of angiogenesis in oncology and ophthalmology, and stimulation of angiogenesis in wound healing and tissue engineering. This review aims to summarize nanotechnology-based strategies that have been explored in the broad area of angiogenesis. Lipid-based, carbon-based and polymeric nanoparticles, and a wide range of inorganic and metallic nanoparticles are covered in detail. Theranostic and imaging approaches can be facilitated by nanoparticles. Many preparations have been reported to have a bimodal effect where they stimulate angiogenesis at low dose and inhibit it at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 917794-8564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 101 29 Torino, Italy
| | - Sepideh Hamzehlou
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Vascularization is a major hurdle in complex tissue and organ engineering. Tissues greater than 200 μm in diameter cannot rely on simple diffusion to obtain nutrients and remove waste. Therefore, an integrated vascular network is required for clinical translation of engineered tissues. Microvessels have been described as <150 μm in diameter, but clinically they are defined as <1 mm. With new advances in super microsurgery, vessels less than 1 mm can be anastomosed to the recipient circulation. However, this technical advancement still relies on the creation of a stable engineered microcirculation that is amenable to surgical manipulation and is readily perfusable. Microvascular engineering lays on the crossroads of microfabrication, microfluidics, and tissue engineering strategies that utilize various cellular constituents. Early research focused on vascularization by co-culture and cellular interactions, with the addition of angiogenic growth factors to promote vascular growth. Since then, multiple strategies have been utilized taking advantage of innovations in additive manufacturing, biomaterials, and cell biology. However, the anatomy and dynamics of native blood vessels has not been consistently replicated. Inconsistent results can be partially attributed to cell sourcing which remains an enigma for microvascular engineering. Variations of endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and stem cells have all been used for microvascular network fabrication along with various mural cells. As each source offers advantages and disadvantages, there continues to be a lack of consensus. Furthermore, discord may be attributed to incomplete understanding about cell isolation and characterization without considering the microvascular architecture of the desired tissue/organ.
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Brown A, He H, Trumper E, Valdez J, Hammond P, Griffith LG. Engineering PEG-based hydrogels to foster efficient endothelial network formation in free-swelling and confined microenvironments. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119921. [PMID: 32172030 PMCID: PMC7203641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tissue engineered models are poised to have significant impact on disease modeling and preclinical drug development. Reliable methods to induce microvascular networks in such microphysiological systems are needed to improve the size and physiological function of these models. By systematically engineering several physical and biomolecular properties of the cellular microenvironment (including crosslinking density, polymer density, adhesion ligand concentration, and degradability), we establish design principles that describe how synthetic matrix properties influence vascular morphogenesis in modular and tunable hydrogels based on commercial 8-arm poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG8a) macromers. We apply these design principles to generate endothelial networks that exhibit consistent morphology throughout depths of hydrogel greater than 1 mm. These PEG8a-based hydrogels have relatively high volumetric swelling ratios (>1.5), which limits their utility in confined environments such as microfluidic devices. To overcome this limitation, we mitigate swelling by incorporating a highly functional PEG-grafted alpha-helical poly (propargyl-l-glutamate) (PPLGgPEG) macromer along with the canonical 8-arm PEG8a macromer in gel formation. This hydrogel platform supports enhanced endothelial morphogenesis in neutral-swelling environments. Finally, we incorporate PEG8a-PPLGgPEG gels into microfluidic devices and demonstrate improved diffusion kinetics and microvascular network formation in situ compared to PEG8a-based gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brown
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hongkun He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ella Trumper
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jorge Valdez
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paula Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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27
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Jalilian E, Elkin K, Shin SR. Novel Cell-Based and Tissue Engineering Approaches for Induction of Angiogenesis as an Alternative Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3496. [PMID: 32429094 PMCID: PMC7278952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular complication of long-term diabetes and the most common cause of blindness, increasing morbidity in the working-age population. The most effective therapies for these complications include laser photocoagulation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections. However, laser and anti-VEGF drugs are untenable as a final solution as they fail to address the underlying neurovascular degeneration and ischemia. Regenerative medicine may be a more promising approach, aimed at the repair of blood vessels and reversal of retinal ischemia. Stem cell therapy has introduced a novel way to reverse the underlying ischemia present in microvascular complications in diseases such as diabetes. The present review discusses current treatments, their side effects, and novel cell-based and tissue engineering approaches as a potential alternative therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Jalilian
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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Pradhan S, Banda OA, Farino CJ, Sperduto JL, Keller KA, Taitano R, Slater JH. Biofabrication Strategies and Engineered In Vitro Systems for Vascular Mechanobiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901255. [PMID: 32100473 PMCID: PMC8579513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is integral for maintaining organ-specific functions and homeostasis. Dysregulation in vascular architecture and function can lead to various chronic or acute disorders. Investigation of the role of the vascular system in health and disease has been accelerated through the development of tissue-engineered constructs and microphysiological on-chip platforms. These in vitro systems permit studies of biochemical regulation of vascular networks and parenchymal tissue and provide mechanistic insights into the biophysical and hemodynamic forces acting in organ-specific niches. Detailed understanding of these forces and the mechanotransductory pathways involved is necessary to develop preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting the vascular system. This review describes vascular structure and function, the role of hemodynamic forces in maintaining vascular homeostasis, and measurement approaches for cell and tissue level mechanical properties influencing vascular phenomena. State-of-the-art techniques for fabricating in vitro microvascular systems, with varying degrees of biological and engineering complexity, are summarized. Finally, the role of vascular mechanobiology in organ-specific niches and pathophysiological states, and efforts to recapitulate these events using in vitro microphysiological systems, are explored. It is hoped that this review will help readers appreciate the important, but understudied, role of vascular-parenchymal mechanotransduction in health and disease toward developing mechanotherapeutics for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Omar A. Banda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Cindy J. Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan Taitano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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29
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Bittner KR, Jiménez JM, Peyton SR. Vascularized Biomaterials to Study Cancer Metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901459. [PMID: 31977160 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, is responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cancer cells need to enter and exit circulation in order to form metastases, and the vasculature and endothelial cells are key regulators of this process. While vascularized 3D in vitro systems have been developed, few have been used to study cancer, and many lack key features of vessels that are necessary to study metastasis. This review focuses on current methods of vascularizing biomaterials for the study of cancer, and three main factors that regulate intravasation and extravasation: endothelial cell heterogeneity, hemodynamics, and the extracellular matrix of the perivascular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine R. Bittner
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Juan M. Jiménez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
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30
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Truskey GA. Vascular Microphysiological Systems to Model Diseases. CELL & GENE THERAPY INSIGHTS 2020; 6:93-102. [PMID: 32431950 PMCID: PMC7236815 DOI: 10.18609/cgti.2020.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human vascular microphysiological systems (MPS) represent promising three-dimensional in vitro models of normal and diseased vascular tissue. These systems build upon advances in tissue engineering, microfluidics, and stem cell differentiation and replicate key functional units of organs and tissues. Vascular models have been developed for the microvasculature as well as medium-size arterioles. Key functions of the vascular system have been reproduced and stem cells offer the potential to model genetic diseases and population variation in genes that may increase individual risk for cardiovascular disease. Such systems can be used to evaluate new therapeutics options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
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31
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He YJ, Santana MF, Moucka M, Quirk J, Shuaibi A, Pimentel MB, Grossman S, Rashid MM, Cinar A, Georgiadis JG, Vaicik M, Kawaji K, Venerus DC, Papavasiliou G. Immobilized RGD concentration and proteolytic degradation synergistically enhance vascular sprouting within hydrogel scaffolds of varying modulus. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:324-349. [PMID: 31774730 PMCID: PMC7185153 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1692640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization limits the volume and complexity of engineered tissue. The formation of new blood vessels (neovascularization) is regulated by a complex interplay of cellular interactions with biochemical and biophysical signals provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM) necessitating the development of biomaterial approaches that enable systematic modulation in matrix properties. To address this need poly(ethylene) glycol-based hydrogel scaffolds were engineered with a range of decoupled and combined variations in integrin-binding peptide (RGD) ligand concentration, elastic modulus and proteolytic degradation rate using free-radical polymerization chemistry. The modularity of this system enabled a full factorial experimental design to simultaneously investigate the individual and interaction effects of these matrix cues on vascular sprout formation in 3 D culture. Enhancements in scaffold proteolytic degradation rate promoted significant increases in vascular sprout length and junction number while increases in modulus significantly and negatively impacted vascular sprouting. We also observed that individual variations in immobilized RGD concentration did not significantly impact 3 D vascular sprouting. Our findings revealed a previously unidentified and optimized combination whereby increases in both immobilized RGD concentration and proteolytic degradation rate resulted in significant and synergistic enhancements in 3 D vascular spouting. The above-mentioned findings would have been challenging to uncover using one-factor-at-time experimental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng J. He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Martin F. Santana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Madison Moucka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jack Quirk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Asma Shuaibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marja B. Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Sophie Grossman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Mudassir M. Rashid
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - John G. Georgiadis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marcella Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Keigo Kawaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
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32
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Yang G, Mahadik B, Choi JY, Fisher JP. Vascularization in tissue engineering: fundamentals and state-of-art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2. [PMID: 34308105 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ab5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is among the top challenges that impede the clinical application of engineered tissues. This challenge has spurred tremendous research endeavor, defined as vascular tissue engineering (VTE) in this article, to establish a pre-existing vascular network inside the tissue engineered graft prior to implantation. Ideally, the engineered vasculature can be integrated into the host vasculature via anastomosis to supply nutrient to all cells instantaneously after surgery. Moreover, sufficient vascularization is of great significance in regenerative medicine from many other perspectives. Due to the critical role of vascularization in successful tissue engineering, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the fundamentals and VTE strategies in this article, including angiogenic cells, biomaterial/bio-scaffold design and bio-fabrication approaches, along with the reported utility of vascularized tissue complex in regenerative medicine. We will also share our opinion on the future perspective of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - John P Fisher
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
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33
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Beamish JA, Juliar BA, Cleveland DS, Busch ME, Nimmagadda L, Putnam AJ. Deciphering the relative roles of matrix metalloproteinase- and plasmin-mediated matrix degradation during capillary morphogenesis using engineered hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2507-2516. [PMID: 30784190 PMCID: PMC6699943 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is essential for the process of capillary morphogenesis. Here we employed synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels engineered with proteolytic specificity to either matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), plasmin, or both to investigate the relative contributions of MMP- and plasmin-mediated ECM remodeling to vessel formation in a 3D-model of capillary self-assembly analogous to vasculogenesis. We first demonstrated a role for both MMP- and plasmin-mediated mechanisms of ECM remodeling in an endothelial-fibroblast co-culture model of vasculogenesis in fibrin hydrogels using inhibitors of MMPs and plasmin. When this co-culture model was employed in engineered PEG hydrogels with selective protease sensitivity, we observed robust capillary morphogenesis only in MMP-sensitive matrices. Fibroblast spreading in plasmin-selective hydrogels confirmed this difference was due to protease preference by endothelial cells, not due to limitations of the matrix itself. In hydrogels engineered with crosslinks that were dually susceptible to MMPs and plasmin, capillary morphogenesis was unchanged. These findings highlight the critical importance of MMP-mediated degradation during vasculogenesis and provide strong evidence to justify the preferential selection of MMP-degradable peptide crosslinkers in synthetic hydrogels used to study vascular morphogenesis and promote vascularization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2507-2516, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Beamish
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin A. Juliar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David S. Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan E. Busch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Likitha Nimmagadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew J. Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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34
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Machine Perfusion of Liver Grafts With Implantable Oxygen Biosensors: Proof of Concept Study in a Rodent Model. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e463. [PMID: 31334337 PMCID: PMC6616145 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is emerging as a novel preservation strategy in liver transplantation, but the optimal methods for assessing liver grafts during this period have not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether implantable oxygen biosensors can be used to monitor tissue oxygen tension in liver grafts undergoing NMP. Methods Implantable phosphorescence-based oxygen sensors were tested in 3 different experimental groups: (1) in vivo during laparotomy, (2) during NMP of liver grafts with an acellular perfusate (NMP-acellular), and (3) during NMP with perfusate containing red blood cells (NMP-RBC). During in vivo experiments, intrahepatic oxygen tension was measured before and after occlusion of the portal vein (PV). In NMP experiments, intrahepatic oxygen tension was measured as a function of different PV pressure settings (3 vs 5 vs 8 mm Hg) and inflow oxygen concentration (95% O2 vs 6% O2). Results In vivo, intrahepatic oxygen tension decreased significantly within 2 minutes of clamping the PV (P < 0.05). In NMP experiments, intrahepatic oxygen tension correlated directly with PV pressure when high inflow oxygen concentration (95%) was used. Intrahepatic oxygen tension was significantly higher in the NMP-RBC group compared with the NMP-acellular group for all conditions tested (P < 0.05). Conclusions Implantable oxygen biosensors have potential utility as a tool for real-time monitoring of intrahepatic oxygen tension during NMP of liver grafts. Further investigation is required to determine how intrahepatic oxygen tension during NMP correlates with posttransplant graft function.
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35
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Elkhodiry MA, Boulanger MD, Bashth O, Tanguay JF, Laroche G, Hoesli CA. Isolating and expanding endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood on peptide-functionalized polystyrene surfaces. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2598-2609. [PMID: 31286475 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of human peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells to obtain therapeutically relevant endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) has been commonly performed on xeno-derived extracellular matrix proteins. For cellular therapy applications, xeno-free culture conditions are desirable to improve product safety and reduce process variability. We have previously described a novel fluorophore-tagged RGD peptide (RGD-TAMRA) that enhanced the adhesion of mature endothelial cells in vitro. To investigate whether this peptide can replace animal-derived extracellular matrix proteins in the isolation and expansion of ECFCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 healthy adult donors were seeded on RGD-TAMRA-modified polystyrene culture surfaces. Endothelial colony formation was significantly enhanced on RGD-TAMRA-modified surfaces compared to the unmodified control. No phenotypic differences were detected between ECFCs obtained on RGD-TAMRA compared to ECFCs obtained on rat-tail collagen-coated surfaces. Compared with collagen-coated surfaces and unmodified surfaces, RGD-TAMRA surfaces promoted ECFC adhesion, cell spreading, and clonal expansion. This study presents a platform that allows for a comprehensive in vitro evaluation of peptide-based biofunctionalization as a promising avenue for ex vivo ECFC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elkhodiry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariève D Boulanger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Omar Bashth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Tanguay
- Coronary Care Unit, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaétan Laroche
- Département de Génie des Mines, des Matériaux et de la Métallurgie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Hammer JA, Ruta A, Therien AM, West JL. Cell-Compatible, Site-Specific Covalent Modification of Hydrogel Scaffolds Enables User-Defined Control over Cell-Material Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2486-2493. [PMID: 31121097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SpyCatcher, a 15 kDa protein domain that spontaneously forms a site-specific covalent bond with the 13 amino acid peptide SpyTag, was used to covalently link a model recombinant protein containing a SpyCatcher domain and the adhesive ligand Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) (RGDS-SC) into SpyTag-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. This new strategy for covalent immobilization of proteins or peptides provides an easy and gentle mechanism for biochemical modification of hydrogels. Labeling efficiency was approximately 100% when soluble RGDS-SC was applied to SpyTag-containing hydrogels at a 1:1 molar ratio. RGDS-SC remained stably bound throughout the 5 days of rinsing, and 3T3 fibroblasts were able to adhere to PEG gels presenting RGDS-SC, but did not adhere when the scrambled amino acid sequence RDGS was presented instead. Fibroblasts encapsulated within 3D cell-degradable PEG hydrogels containing SpyTag did not spread until RGDS-SC was added to the gels, at which point cell spreading was induced. This cell-friendly site-specific ligation strategy could have great utility in driving specific cellular outcomes using biochemically dynamic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hammer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0281 , United States
| | - Anna Ruta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0281 , United States
| | - Aidan M Therien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0281 , United States
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0281 , United States
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37
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Millar-Haskell CS, Dang AM, Gleghorn JP. Coupling synthetic biology and programmable materials to construct complex tissue ecosystems. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 9:421-432. [PMID: 31485382 PMCID: PMC6724541 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2019.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology combines engineering and biology to produce artificial systems with programmable features. Specifically, engineered microenvironments have advanced immensely over the past few decades, owing in part to the merging of materials with biological mimetic structures. In this review, we adapt a traditional definition of community ecology to describe "cellular ecology", or the study of the distribution of cell populations and interactions within their microenvironment. We discuss two exemplar hydrogel platforms: (1) self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels and (2) Poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogels and describe future opportunities for merging smart material design and synthetic biology within the scope of multicellular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allyson M. Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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Taghavi S, Brissenden A, Amsden BG. High modulus, enzyme-degradable poly(trimethylene carbonate)-peptide biohybrid networks formed from triblock prepolymers. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2819-2828. [PMID: 32255084 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biohybrid networks have the potential to have stiffnesses equivalent to that of native soft connective tissues as well as cell-mediated degradation behavior. Most strategies to generate such materials to date have utilized crosslinking of two separate and orthogonally functionalized polymers. Herein we describe a triblock prepolymer consisting of a central enzyme degradable peptide block flanked by two synthetic, hydrolysis resistant poly(trimethylene carbonate) blocks (PTMC) or poly(ethylene glycol)-PTMC blocks terminated in methacrylate groups. To form these prepolymers heterobifunctional PTMC and PEG-PTMC were prepared, possessing a vinyl sulfone terminus and a methacrylate terminus. These polymers were conjugated to a di-cysteine containing peptide through a Michael-type addition to form cross-linkable prepolymers. These prepolymers were then photo-cured to form enzyme degradable networks. The compressive moduli of the resulting water swollen networks was within the range of many soft connective tissues and was inversely proportional to the water solubility of the prepolymers. The prepolymer water solubility in turn could be tuned by adjusting PTMC molecular weight or by the addition of a PEG block. In vitro degradation only occurred in the presence of matrix metalloproteinases, and was fastest for networks prepared with prepolymers of higher water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Taghavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Peters EB, Tsihlis ND, Karver MR, Chin SM, Musetti B, Ledford BT, Bahnson EM, Stupp SI, Kibbe MR. Atheroma Niche-Responsive Nanocarriers for Immunotherapeutic Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801545. [PMID: 30620448 PMCID: PMC6367050 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a promising, noninvasive approach to reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden. However, drug delivery is limited without the ability of nanocarriers to sense and respond to the diseased microenvironment. In this study, nanomaterials are developed from peptide amphiphiles (PAs) that respond to the increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) found within the atherosclerotic niche. A pro-resolving therapeutic, Ac2-26, derived from annexin-A1 protein, is tethered to PAs using peptide linkages that cleave in response to MMP2/9 or ROS. By adjusting the molar ratios and processing conditions, the Ac2-26 PA can be co-assembled with a PA containing an apolipoprotein A1-mimetic peptide to create a targeted, therapeutic nanofiber (ApoA1-Ac226 PA). The ApoA1-Ac2-26 PAs demonstrate release of Ac2-26 within 24 h after treatment with MMP2 or ROS. The niche-responsive ApoA1-Ac2-26 PAs are cytocompatible and reduce macrophage activation from interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide treatment, evidenced by decreased nitric oxide production. Interestingly, the linkage chemistry of ApoA1-Ac2-26 PAs significantly affects macrophage uptake and retention. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of PAs to serve as an atheroma niche-responsive nanocarrier system to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment, with implications for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B. Peters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nick D. Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark R. Karver
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stacey M. Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bruno Musetti
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Benjamin T. Ledford
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Edward M. Bahnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Melina R. Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Kim M, Lee S, Ki CS. Cellular Behavior of RAW264.7 Cells in 3D Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Niches. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:922-932. [PMID: 33405849 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although macrophages undergo dynamic cellular responses in diverse extracellular environments, macrophage research has mostly relied on conventional culture methodologies such as two-dimensional and suspension cultures. In contrast, recent efforts have revealed evidence of the characteristic cellular behaviors of macrophages in actual tissues using a three-dimensional (3D) culture matrix. In this work, we exploited a poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel as a macrophage culture matrix and observed cellular behaviors in 3D by manipulating the matrix properties. In the 3D microenvironment, macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells proliferated and formed spherical clusters by degrading the surrounding hydrogel network. Interestingly, we observed the significant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (i.e., MMP9 and MMP14) as well as M1 polarization markers (i.e., iNOS, COX2, TNF-α) in 3D, whereas M2 polarization markers (i.e., CD206, Arg1, TGF-β) were downregulated. Specifically, the expressions of both M1 and M2 markers were simultaneously increased in a stiff matrix compared to those of a soft matrix. In addition, matrix degradability significantly influenced the TNF-α secretion of encapsulated RAW264.7 cells. The MMP sensitivity of the hydrogel decreased TNF-α expression in a soft matrix, whereas it upregulated TNF-α in a stiff matrix compared to those of MMP-insensitive hydrogel. These findings suggest that the highly tunable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels can dictate macrophage behavior by altering the surrounding 3D microenvironment.
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Ying GL, Maharjan S, Yin YX, Chai RR, Cao X, Yang JZ, Miri AK, Hassan S, Zhang YS. Aqueous Two-Phase Emulsion Bioink-Enabled 3D Bioprinting of Porous Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1805460. [PMID: 30345555 PMCID: PMC6402588 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology provides programmable and customizable platforms to engineer cell-laden constructs mimicking human tissues for a wide range of biomedical applications. However, the encapsulated cells are often restricted in spreading and proliferation by dense biomaterial networks from gelation of bioinks. Herein, a cell-benign approach is reported to directly bioprint porous-structured hydrogel constructs by using an aqueous two-phase emulsion bioink. The bioink, which contains two immiscible aqueous phases of cell/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) mixture and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), is photocrosslinked to fabricate predesigned cell-laden hydrogel constructs by extrusion bioprinting or digital micromirror device-based stereolithographic bioprinting. The porous structure of the 3D-bioprinted hydrogel construct is formed by subsequently removing the PEO phase from the photocrosslinked GelMA hydrogel. Three different cell types (human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts) within the 3D-bioprinted porous hydrogel patterns show enhanced cell viability, spreading, and proliferation compared to the standard (i.e., nonporous) hydrogel constructs. The 3D bioprinting strategy is believed to provide a robust and versatile platform to engineer porous-structured tissue constructs and their models for a variety of applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug development, and personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Ying
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi-Xia Yin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rong-Rong Chai
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Zhou Yang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Dai NT, Huang WS, Chang FW, Wei LG, Huang TC, Li JK, Fu KY, Dai LG, Hsieh PS, Huang NC, Wang YW, Chang HI, Parungao R, Wang Y. Development of a Novel Pre-Vascularized Three-Dimensional Skin Substitute Using Blood Plasma Gel. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1535-1547. [PMID: 30203684 PMCID: PMC6180730 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718797570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin substitutes with existing vascularization are in great demand for the repair of
full-thickness skin defects. In the present study, we hypothesized that a pre-vascularized
skin substitute can potentially promote wound healing. Novel three-dimensional (3D) skin
substitutes were prepared by seeding a mixture of human endothelial progenitor cells
(EPCs) and fibroblasts into a human plasma/calcium chloride formed gel scaffold, and
seeding keratinocytes onto the surface of the plasma gel. The capacity of the EPCs to
differentiate into a vascular-like tubular structure was evaluated using
immunohistochemistry analysis and WST-8 assay. Experimental studies in mouse
full-thickness skin wound models showed that the pre-vascularized gel scaffold
significantly accelerated wound healing 7 days after surgery, and resembled normal skin
structures after 14 days post-surgery. Histological analysis revealed that
pre-vascularized gel scaffolds were well integrated in the host skin, resulting in the
vascularization of both the epidermis and dermis in the wound area. Moreover, mechanical
strength analysis demonstrated that the healed wound following the implantation of the
pre-vascularized gel scaffolds exhibited good tensile strength. Taken together, this novel
pre-vascularized human plasma gel scaffold has great potential in skin tissue
engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niann-Tzyy Dai
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shyan Huang
- 2 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zouying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Wei Chang
- 3 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lin-Gwei Wei
- 4 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Chun Huang
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jhen-Kai Li
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Keng-Yen Fu
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lien-Guo Dai
- 5 Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pai-Shan Hsieh
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nien-Chi Huang
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- 6 Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- 7 Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Roxanne Parungao
- 8 Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiwei Wang
- 8 Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yi T, Huang S, Liu G, Li T, Kang Y, Luo Y, Wu J. Bioreactor Synergy with 3D Scaffolds: New Era for Stem Cells Culture. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:193-209. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yi
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoxiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Composites and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhao S, Tseng P, Grasman J, Wang Y, Li W, Napier B, Yavuz B, Chen Y, Howell L, Rincon J, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Programmable Hydrogel Ionic Circuits for Biologically Matched Electronic Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800598. [PMID: 29717798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increased need for wearable and implantable medical devices has driven the demand for electronics that interface with living systems. Current bioelectronic systems have not fully resolved mismatches between engineered circuits and biological systems, including the resulting pain and damage to biological tissues. Here, salt/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) aqueous two-phase systems are utilized to generate programmable hydrogel ionic circuits. High-conductivity salt-solution patterns are stably encapsulated within PEG hydrogel matrices using salt/PEG phase separation, which route ionic current with high resolution and enable localized delivery of electrical stimulation. This strategy allows designer electronics that match biological systems, including transparency, stretchability, complete aqueous-based connective interface, distribution of ionic electrical signals between engineered and biological systems, and avoidance of tissue damage from electrical stimulation. The potential of such systems is demonstrated by generating light-emitting diode (LED)-based displays, skin-mounted electronics, and stimulators that deliver localized current to in vitro neuron cultures and muscles in vivo with reduced adverse effects. Such electronic platforms may form the basis of future biointegrated electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Peter Tseng
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jonathan Grasman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Bradley Napier
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Burcin Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Laurel Howell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Javier Rincon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Peng Y, Liu QJ, He T, Ye K, Yao X, Ding J. Degradation rate affords a dynamic cue to regulate stem cells beyond varied matrix stiffness. Biomaterials 2018; 178:467-480. [PMID: 29685517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While various static cues such as matrix stiffness have been known to regulate stem cell differentiation, it is unclear whether or not dynamic cues such as degradation rate along with the change of material chemistry can influence cell behaviors beyond simple integration of static cues such as decreased matrix stiffness. The present research is aimed at examining effects of degradation rates on adhesion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro on well-defined synthetic hydrogel surfaces. Therefore, we synthesized macromers by extending both ends of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with oligo(lactic acid) and then acryloyl, and the corresponding hydrogels that were obtained after photopolymerization of the macromers were biodegradable. Combining the unique techniques of block copolymer micelle nanolithography with transfer lithography, we prepared a nanoarray of cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartate peptides on this nonfouling biodegradable hydrogel. The biodegradation is caused by hydrolysis of the ester bonds, and different degradation rates in the cell culture medium were achieved by different stages of accelerated pre-hydrolysis in an acidic medium. For the following cell culture and induction, both the matrix stiffness and degradation rate varied among the examined groups. While adipogenic differentiation of MSCs can be understood by the lowered stiffness, the osteogenic differentiation was contradictory with common sense because we found enhanced osteogenesis on soft hydrogels. Higher degradation rates were suggested to account for this interesting phenomenon in the sole osteogenic/adipogenic induction and even more complicated trends in the co-induction. Hence, the degradation rate is a dynamic cue influencing cell behaviors, which should be paid attention to for degradable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiong-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianlei He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Torres A, Bidarra S, Pinto M, Aguiar P, Silva E, Barrias C. Guiding morphogenesis in cell-instructive microgels for therapeutic angiogenesis. Biomaterials 2018; 154:34-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Ippel BD, Dankers PYW. Introduction of Nature's Complexity in Engineered Blood-compatible Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28841771 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials with excellent blood-compatibility are needed for applications in vascular replacement therapies, such as vascular grafts, heart valves and stents, and in extracorporeal devices such as hemodialysis machines and blood-storage bags. The modification of materials that are being used for blood-contacting devices has advanced from passive surface modifications to the design of more complex, smart biomaterials that respond to relevant stimuli from blood to counteract coagulation. Logically, the main source of inspiration for the design of new biomaterials has been the endogenous endothelium. Endothelial regulation of hemostasis is complex and involves a delicate interplay of structural components and feedback mechanisms. Thus, challenges to develop new strategies for blood-compatible biomaterials now lie in incorporating true feedback controlled mechanisms that can regulate blood compatibility in a dynamic way. Here, supramolecular material systems are highlighted as they provide a promising platform to introduce dynamic reciprocity, due to their inherent dynamic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan D. Ippel
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Laboratory for Chemical Biology; and Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Laboratory for Chemical Biology; and Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Pellowe AS, Lauridsen HM, Matta R, Gonzalez AL. Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29364202 DOI: 10.3791/56384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane is a critical component of cellular bilayers that can vary in stiffness, composition, architecture, and porosity. In vitro studies of endothelial-epithelial bilayers have traditionally relied on permeable support models that enable bilayer culture, but permeable supports are limited in their ability to replicate the diversity of human basement membranes. In contrast, hydrogel models that require chemical synthesis are highly tunable and allow for modifications of both the material stiffness and the biochemical composition via incorporation of biomimetic peptides or proteins. However, traditional hydrogel models are limited in functionality because they lack pores for cell-cell contacts and functional in vitro migration studies. Additionally, due to the thickness of traditional hydrogels, incorporation of pores that span the entire thickness of hydrogels has been challenging. In the present study, we use poly-(ethylene-glycol) (PEG) hydrogels and a novel zinc oxide templating method to address the previous shortcomings of biomimetic hydrogels. As a result, we present an ultrathin, basement membrane-like hydrogel that permits the culture of confluent cellular bilayers on a customizable scaffold with variable pore architectures, mechanical properties, and biochemical composition.
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49
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Peters EB. Endothelial Progenitor Cells for the Vascularization of Engineered Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:1-24. [PMID: 28548628 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled microvasculature from cocultures of endothelial cells (ECs) and stromal cells has significantly advanced efforts to vascularize engineered tissues by enhancing perfusion rates in vivo and producing investigative platforms for microvascular morphogenesis in vitro. However, to clinically translate prevascularized constructs, the issue of EC source must be resolved. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be noninvasively supplied from the recipient through adult peripheral and umbilical cord blood, as well as derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, alleviating antigenicity issues. EPCs can also differentiate into all tissue endothelium, and have demonstrated potential for therapeutic vascularization. Yet, EPCs are not the standard EC choice to vascularize tissue constructs in vitro. Possible reasons include unresolved issues with EPC identity and characterization, as well as uncertainty in the selection of coculture, scaffold, and culture media combinations that promote EPC microvessel formation. This review addresses these issues through a summary of EPC vascular biology and the effects of tissue engineering design parameters upon EPC microvessel formation. Also included are perspectives to integrate EPCs with emerging technologies to produce functional, organotypic vascularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Peters
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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50
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Beyond mouse cancer models: Three-dimensional human-relevant in vitro and non-mammalian in vivo models for photodynamic therapy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:242-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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