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Gu Y, Mu Q, Cheng D. Androgens in cervical cancer: Their role in epidemiology and biology. iScience 2024; 27:110155. [PMID: 39021790 PMCID: PMC11253156 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the significance of androgens in cervical cancer, examining both epidemiological evidence and the underlying biological mechanisms. Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally, with disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates in less developed regions where cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) screening remains limited. Recent research highlights the previously underexplored role of androgens in cervical cancer. Notably, cervical tissues house androgen receptors, and elevated levels of endogenous androgens have been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. Androgens exert their influence on the development and progression of cervical cancer by impacting key cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and epithelial cell transformation. Furthermore, specific HPV subtypes may interact with androgens, potentially modulating HPV-related cellular degeneration and transformation. In light of these findings, it is evident that androgens assume a crucial role in cervical cancer's pathogenesis. Consequently, further investigations are warranted to deepen our understanding of the intricate relationship between androgens and cervical cancer. Such knowledge advancements can facilitate improved strategies for early prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, especially in regions with limited HPV screening access. This review underscores the importance of considering androgens as a vital component of the multifaceted landscape of cervical cancer etiology and progression, ultimately contributing to more effective clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dali Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
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Appiah C, Chen S, Pori AI, Retyunskiy V, Tzeng C, Zhao Y. Study of alloferon, a novel immunomodulatory antimicrobial peptide (AMP), and its analogues. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1359261. [PMID: 38434708 PMCID: PMC10904621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1359261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed throughout the biosphere and represent a class of conserved peptide molecules with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. Their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low risk to induce resistance have led to increased interest in AMPs as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Among the AMPs, alloferon has been addressed due to its immunomodulatory properties that augment both innate and adaptive immune responses against various pathogens. Alloferon and its analogues have demonstrated pharmaceutical potential through their ability to enhance Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and stimulate interferon (IFN) synthesis in both mouse and human models. Additionally, they have shown promise in augmenting antiviral and antitumor activities in mice. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the biological effects of alloferon and its analogues, incorporating our own research findings as well. These insights may contribute to a deeper understanding of the therapeutic potential of these novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Appiah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shitian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Afia Ibnat Pori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chimeng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Bravo V, Serrano M, Duque A, Ferragud J, Coronado PJ. Glycyrrhizinic Acid as an Antiviral and Anticancer Agent in the Treatment of Human Papillomavirus. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 38138866 PMCID: PMC10744776 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), like any other virus, needs to penetrate the host cell and make use of its machinery to replicate. From there, HPV infection can be asymptomatic or lead to benign and premalignant lesions or even different types of cancer. HPV oncogenesis is due to the ability of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 to alter the control mechanisms for the growth and proliferation of host cell. Therefore, the use of agents with the ability to control these processes is essential in the search for effective treatments against HPV infections. Glycyrrhizinic acid (Gly), the active ingredient in liquorice, has been shown in numerous preclinical studies to have an antiviral and anticancer activity, reducing the expression of E6 and E7 and inducing apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. In addition, it also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory or re-epithelializing properties that can be useful in HPV infections. This review includes the different antiviral and anticancer mechanisms described for Gly, as well as the clinical studies carried out that position it as a potential therapeutic strategy against HPV both through its topical application and by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bravo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital la Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Duque
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital Ruber Internacional, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ferragud
- Medical Department, Atika Pharma, 35002 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pluvio J. Coronado
- Women’s Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, dISSC, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Feng S, Zhao J, Yang T, Li L. TMPRSS11D/ALR-mediated ER stress regulates the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the cervical cancer microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110869. [PMID: 37666068 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to tumor immune evasion, and have been identified as immunosuppressive cells in cervical cancer. The effect of TMPRSS11D (transmembrane serine protease 11D) in some cancers has been reported, but its role in immune escape of cervical cancer is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of TMPRSS11D on the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in cervical cancer. Our data showed that the proportion of polymorphonucleoid MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), the contents of immunosuppressive factors (including INOS, IDO, and ARG-1) secreted by MDSCs, and TMPRSS11D mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of malignant cervical cancer patients was significantly higher than that of benign tumor patients. Next, CD3+ T cells from PBMCs of cervical cancer patients were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, and then co-cultured with PMN-MDSCs from the same donors at a ratio of 1:2 for 3 days. PMN-MDSCs from malignant tumors produced more ROS, while TMPRSS11D knockdown blocked ROS production. PMN-MDSCs inhibited T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, while silencing TMPRSS11D in PMN-MDSCs hindered the immunosuppressive effect of PMN-MDSCs. Mechanistically, TMPRSS11D bound to ALR (Augmenter of liver regeneration) and negatively regulated ALR expression, inducing ER stress in PMN-MDSCs, thereby enhancing the immunosuppressive effect of PMN-MDSCs on T cells. Additionally, mouse xenograft tumor assay was conducted to assess the role of TMPRSS11D in tumor growth and MDSC accumulation in vivo. Silencing TMPRSS11D impeded the growth of cervical cancer xenografts and reduced the accumulation of MDSCs in tumor tissues. In conclusion, TMPRSS11D induced ER stress in MDSCs through negative regulation of ALR, thus enhancing the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs on T cells, so as to promote the growth of cervical cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifang Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Long Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Chetty-Sebastian D, Assounga AG. Regulatory T cell frequency in peripheral blood of women with advanced cervical Cancer including women living with HIV. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:830. [PMID: 37670247 PMCID: PMC10481519 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections are the main cause of cervical cancer. Cumulative evidence implicates regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a critical factor in the failure to eliminate HPV-induced cancers leading to their persistence and progression to cancer. Also, the WHO recognised cervical cancer as 100% attributable to persistent HR-HPV infection. The province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa has a high prevalence of cervical cancer and HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated Treg frequency in dual infection of HR HPV and HIV coinfection using phenotypic markers, CD4, CD25 and intracellular Foxp3, in the peripheral blood of 51 cervical cancer and 46 non-cervical cancer participants and evaluated the effect of HIV on regulatory T cell proportion. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were surface stained with a cocktail fluorescent labelled CD4 and CD25 and subsequently with APC anti-human FoxP3 (eBioscience). Flow cytometry was performed with FACS analysis. Statistical analysis of results was done using Instat 3 program (GraphpadR). Tregs results were expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR). Associations of cervical cancer with demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 27 (IBM). RESULTS Tregs frequency was significantly higher in individuals with cervical cancer (11.00 ± 19.79%) compared to controls (1.71 ± 8.91%) (p < 0.0001). HIV infection was associated with an increase in Tregs frequency. In controls a significant difference in Tregs frequency was noted between women living with HIV (6.00 ± 10.57%, n = 9) and those without HIV (1.30 ± 6.10%, n = 37), p = 0.0023. In multivariate logistic regression, Tregs frequency was significantly associated with cervical cancer after controlling for age, smoking, weight loss, presence of STI, HIV and HPV genotype. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Higher Tregs frequency was significantly associated with cervical cancer highlighting the immunosuppressive role of Tregs in cervical cancer. Treg frequency was more strongly associated with cervical cancer than HIV infection. We provide baseline data for monitoring Treg frequencies in response to new preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devamani Chetty-Sebastian
- Clinical Medicine laboratory, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001 South Africa
| | - Alain G. Assounga
- Clinical Medicine laboratory, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001 South Africa
- Dept of Nephrology, Div. of Internal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001 South Africa
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Kumar V, Bauer C, Stewart JH. TIME Is Ticking for Cervical Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:941. [PMID: 37508372 PMCID: PMC10376148 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health problem among reproductive-age females and comprises a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor associated with CC incidence. However, lifestyle is also a critical factor in CC pathogenesis. Despite HPV vaccination introduction, the incidence of CC is increasing worldwide. Therefore, it becomes critical to understand the CC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to develop immune cell-based vaccination and immunotherapeutic approaches. The current article discusses the immune environment in the normal cervix of adult females and its role in HPV infection. The subsequent sections discuss the alteration of different immune cells comprising CC TIME and their targeting as future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - Caitlin Bauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
- Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
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Sirico A, Simonelli S, Pignatiello S, Fulgione C, Sarno L, Chiuso F, Maruotti GM, Sansone M, Guida M, Insabato L. BDNF and NGF Expression in Preneoplastic Cervical Disease According to HIV Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10729. [PMID: 37445902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophins, such as BDNF and NGF, are overexpressed in tumor cells in cervical cancer, and HIV infection is associated with the upregulation of neurotrophin expression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether BDNF and NGF are overexpressed in preneoplastic cervical disease from HIV-infected women. METHODS Women with preneoplastic cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3) were prospectively enrolled and grouped according to their HIV status. Samples from Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for suspected cervical cancer were obtained, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate BDNF and NGF expression. RESULTS We included in our analysis 12 HIV-infected patients who were matched with 23 HIV-negative patients as a control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that BDNF expression was significantly higher in cervical preneoplastic lesions from HIV-positive women than in the lesions from the control group. In particular, BDNF was expressed in 8/12 HIV-positive patients and 7/23 HIV-negative patients (66.7% vs. 30.4%, χ2 = 4.227; p = 0.040). NGF expression was not significantly higher in cervical preneoplastic lesions from HIV-positive women compared with that in the lesions from the control group. In particular, NGF was expressed in 8/12 HIV-positive patients and in 12/23 HIV-negative patients (66.7% vs. 52.2% χ2 = 0.676; p = 0.411). Logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV status is an independent predictor of BDNF expression in pre-invasive preneoplastic cervical disease when considered alone (crude OR 4.6, 95% CI 0.027-20.347; p = 0.046) and when analyzed with other co-factors (adjusted OR 6.786, 95% CI 1.084-42.476; p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS In preneoplastic cervical disease, BDNF expression is higher in HIV-infected women than in non-infected controls, and this is independent of the clinical features of the patients and from the presence of the HPV-HR genotype. BDNF can play a key role as a link between the pathways by which HIV and HPV interact to accelerate cervical cancer progression and invasion. These data can be useful to better understand the role of neurotrophins in the cancerogenesis of cervical cancer and the possible therapeutic strategies to improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sirico
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Simonelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Fulgione
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Sarno
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Maruotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Sansone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Jing W, Zhang R, Chen X, Zhang X, Qiu J. Association of Glycosylation-Related Genes with Different Patterns of Immune Profiles and Prognosis in Cervical Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030529. [PMID: 36983711 PMCID: PMC10054345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although the application of modern diagnostic tests and vaccination against human papillomavirus has markedly reduced the incidence and mortality of early cervical cancer, advanced cervical cancer still has a high death rate worldwide. Glycosylation is closely associated with tumor invasion, metabolism, and the immune response. This study explored the relationship among glycosylation-related genes, the immune microenvironment, and the prognosis of cervical cancer. (2) Methods and results: Clinical information and glycosylation-related genes of cervical cancer patients were downloaded from the TCGA database and the Molecular Signatures Database. Patients in the training cohort were split into two subgroups using consensus clustering. A better prognosis was observed to be associated with a high immune score, level, and status using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA analyses. The differentially expressed genes were revealed to be enriched in proteoglycans in cancer and the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, as well as in the PI3K/AKT and the Hippo signaling pathways according to functional analyses, including GO, KEGG, and PPI. The prognostic risk model generated using the univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and prognostic nomogram successfully predicted the survival and prognosis of cervical cancer patients. (3) Conclusions: Glycosylation-related genes are correlated with the immune microenvironment of cervical cancer and show promising clinical prediction value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China (R.Z.)
| | - Runjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China (R.Z.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Q.)
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Avila JP, Carvalho BM, Coimbra EC. A Comprehensive View of the Cancer-Immunity Cycle (CIC) in HPV-Mediated Cervical Cancer and Prospects for Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1333. [PMID: 36831674 PMCID: PMC9954575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 new cases each year and a mortality rate of around 55%. Over 80% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The most important risk factor for CC is persistent infection by a sexually transmitted virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV). Conventional treatments to eradicate this type of cancer are accompanied by high rates of resistance and a large number of side effects. Hence, it is crucial to devise novel effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have aimed to develop immunotherapeutic methods for treating cancer. However, these strategies have not proven to be effective enough to combat CC. This means there is a need to investigate immune molecular targets. An adaptive immune response against cancer has been described in seven key stages or steps defined as the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC). The CIC begins with the release of antigens by tumor cells and ends with their destruction by cytotoxic T-cells. In this paper, we discuss several molecular alterations found in each stage of the CIC of CC. In addition, we analyze the evidence discovered, the molecular mechanisms and their relationship with variables such as histological subtype and HPV infection, as well as their potential impact for adopting novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliane Campos Coimbra
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco (ICB/UPE), Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife 50100-130, PE, Brazil
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Maiorano BA, Maiorano MFP, Ciardiello D, Maglione A, Orditura M, Lorusso D, Maiello E. Beyond Platinum, ICIs in Metastatic Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235955. [PMID: 36497437 PMCID: PMC9737392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) constitutes the fourth most common tumor among the female population. Therapeutic approaches to advanced CC are limited, with dismal results in terms of survival, mainly after progression to platinum-based regimens. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are remodeling the therapeutic scenario of many solid tumors. The role of ICIs in CC should be addressed. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the latest clinical trials employing ICIs in advanced CC to assess which ICIs have been employed and how ICIs might meet the need for new therapeutic options in terms of efficacy and safety. METHODS The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The following efficacy outcomes were specifically collected: overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS); for safety: type, number, and grade of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS A total of 17 studies were analyzed. Anti-PD1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, balstilimab, and tislelizumab), anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab), and anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, zalifrelimab) agents were employed both as single agents or combinations. Overall ORR ranged from 0% to 65.9%. ORR ranged from 5.9% to 69.6% in PD-L1-positive patients and from 0% to 50% in PD-L1-negative patients. DCR was 30.6-94.1%. mPFS ranged from 2 to 10.4 months. mOS ranged from 8 months to not reached. PD-L1 status did not impact survival. A total of 33.9% to 100% of patients experienced AEs. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy represents an appealing strategy for patients with advanced CC, as 2 out of 3 patients seem to respond to ICIs. PD-L1 status might be an indicator of response without impacting survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Francesco Pio Maiorano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Maglione
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Michele Orditura
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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11
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Becker S, Jonigk D, Luft A, Dübbel L, Werlein C, Malik E, Schild-Suhren M. COVID-19 can lead to rapid progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by dysregulating the immune system: A hypothesis. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103763. [PMID: 36399874 PMCID: PMC9645588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a multisystem disease and cause of a global pandemic. Lately, cases of disease progression of HPV-infected CIN under SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported giving rise to the hypothesis of direct virus-infection induced pro-carcinogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2. We herein present a case of rapid progression from HPV-induced CIN 2 to microinvasive carcinoma within three months under COVID-19 without direct virus infection. Histopathologic evaluation, Fluorescence-in-situ hybridization and qRT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2 RNA as well as gene expression analysis were performed from the available FFPE-tissue and accompanied by an analysis of white blood cell differential. No signs of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 typical alterations of cervical tissue were found. As expected, p53 decreased in expression with progression of dysplasia, while APOBEC3A and VISTA showed a decrease in expression contrary to observations in dysplasia progression. PD-L1 was expressed consistently or increased slightly but did not show the expected strong induction of expression. DNMT1 showed an increase in expression in CIN III and a slight decrease in carcinoma, while DNMT3a is consistently expressed in CIN II and decreased in carcinoma. Blood tests after COVID-19 showed substantial reduction of lymphocytes, eosinophils, T-cells, and NK-cells. Our results hint at an indirect effect of COVID-19 on the cervical neoplasm. We conclude that the immune system might be preoccupied and exhausted by the concurring COVID-19 disease, leading to less immunological pressure on the HPV-infected cervical dysplasia enabling rapid disease progression. Further, indirect proangiogenic and proinflammatory micromilieu due to the multisystemic effects of COVID-19 might play an additional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeth Becker
- University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Emsstraße 20, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Straße 10, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Germany
| | - Angelina Luft
- University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Emsstraße 20, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Lena Dübbel
- University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Emsstraße 20, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | | | - Eduard Malik
- University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Emsstraße 20, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Straße 10, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Meike Schild-Suhren
- University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Emsstraße 20, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; University clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Straße 10, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Peng S, Xing D, Ferrall L, Tsai YC, Hung CF, Wu TC. Identification of human MHC-I HPV18 E6/E7-specific CD8 + T cell epitopes and generation of an HPV18 E6/E7-expressing adenosquamous carcinoma in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:80. [PMID: 36224625 PMCID: PMC9554842 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) is a high-risk HPV that is commonly associated with cervical cancer. HPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 are associated with the malignant transformation of cells, thus the identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted E6/E7 peptide-specific CD8 + T cell epitopes and the creation of a HPV18 E6/E7 expressing cervicovaginal tumor in HLA-A2 transgenic mice will be significant for vaccine development. METHODS In the below study, we characterized various human HLA class I-restricted HPV18 E6 and E7-specific CD8 + T cells mediated immune responses in HLA class I transgenic mice using DNA vaccines encoding HPV18E6 and HPV18E7. We then confirmed HLA-restricted E6/E7 specific CD8 + T cell epitopes using splenocytes from vaccinated mice stimulated with HPV18E6/E7 peptides. Furthermore, we used oncogenic DNA plasmids encoding HPV18E7E6(delD70), luciferase, cMyc, and AKT to create a spontaneous cervicovaginal carcinoma model in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. RESULTS Therapeutic HPV18 E7 DNA vaccination did not elicit any significant CD8 + T cell response in HLA-A1, HLA-24, HLA-B7, HLA-B44 transgenic or wild type C57BL/6 mice, but it did generate a strong HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 restricted HPV18E7-specific CD8 + T cell immune response. We found that a single deletion of aspartic acid (D) at location 70 in HPV18E6 DNA abolishes the presentation of HPV18 E6 peptide (aa67-75) by murine MHC class I. We found that the DNA vaccine with this mutant HPV18 E6 generated E6-specific CD8 + T cells in HLA-A2. HLA-A11, HLA-A24 and HLA-b40 transgenic mice. Of note, HLA-A2 restricted, HPV18 E7 peptide (aa7-15)- and HPV18 E6 peptide (aa97-105)-specific epitopes are endogenously processed by HPV18 positive Hela-AAD (HLA-A*0201/Dd) cells. Finally, we found that injection of DNA plasmids encoding HPV18E7E6(delD70), AKT, cMyc, and SB100 can result in the development of adenosquamous carcinoma in the cervicovaginal tract of HLA-A2 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS We characterized various human HLA class I-restricted HPV18 E6/E7 peptide specific CD8 + T cell epitopes in human HLA class I transgenic mice. We demonstrated that HPV18 positive Hela cells expressing chimeric HLA-A2 (AAD) do present both HLA-A2-restricted HPV18 E7 (aa7-15)- and HPV18 E6 (aa97-105)-specific CD8 + T cell epitopes. A mutant HPV18E6 that had a single deletion at location 70 obliterates the E6 presentation by murine MHC class I and remains oncogenic. The identification of these human MHC restricted HPV antigen specific epitopes as well as the HPV18E6/E7 expressing adenosquamous cell carcinoma model may have significant future translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CRB II Room 307, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CRB II Room 309, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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13
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Galizia D, Minei S, Maldi E, Chilà G, Polidori A, Merlano MC. How Risk Factors Affect Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME): Their Influence on Immune Escape Mechanisms and Immunotherapy Strategy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102498. [PMID: 36289760 PMCID: PMC9599463 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are caused by lifestyle, such as cigarette smoking, or by viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). HNSCC remains a clinical challenge, notwithstanding the improvements observed in the past years, involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recurrent/metastatic (R/M) disease represents an unmet clinical need. Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis of a small proportion of these patients, but most still do not benefit. In the last decade, several preclinical and clinical studies have explored the HNSCC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), identifying important differences between smoking-associated and virus-associated HNSCCs. This review aims to present how different etiologies affect the HNSCC TIME, affecting immune escape mechanisms and sensitivity to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Galizia
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Minei
- Post-Graduate School of Specialization in Medical Oncology, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70120 Bari, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Maldi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chilà
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
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14
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Basera A, Hull R, Demetriou D, Bates DO, Kaufmann AM, Dlamini Z, Marima R. Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) Networks and Splicing Switches in Cervical Cancer: HPV Oncogenesis, Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1852. [PMID: 36144454 PMCID: PMC9501168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the primary cause of female cancer fatalities in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Persistent infections from the human papillomavirus (HPV) can result in cervical cancer. However, numerous different factors influence the development and progression of cervical cancer. Transcriptomic knowledge of the mechanisms with which HPV causes cervical cancer pathogenesis is growing. Nonetheless, there is an existing gap hindering the development of therapeutic approaches and the improvement of patient outcomes. Alternative splicing allows for the production of numerous RNA transcripts and protein isoforms from a single gene, increasing the transcriptome and protein diversity in eukaryotes. Cancer cells exhibit astounding transcriptome modifications by expressing cancer-specific splicing isoforms. High-risk HPV uses cellular alternative splicing events to produce viral and host splice variants and proteins that drive cancer progression or contribute to distinct cancer hallmarks. Understanding how viruses utilize alternative splicing to drive pathogenesis and tumorigenesis is essential. Although research into the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis is advancing, the function of other non-coding RNAs, including lncRNA and circRNA, has been understudied. Through their interaction with mRNA, non-coding RNAs form a network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which regulate gene expression and promote cervical cancer development and advancement. The dysregulated expression of non-coding RNAs is an understudied and tangled process that promotes cervical cancer development. This review will present the role of aberrant alternative splicing and immunosuppression events in HPV-mediated cervical tumorigenesis, and ceRNA network regulation in cervical cancer pathogenesis will also be discussed. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of splicing disruptor drugs in cervical cancer will be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afra Basera
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Demetra Demetriou
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- David Owen Bates, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andreas Martin Kaufmann
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Clinic for Gynaecology, Laboratory for Gynaecologic Tumor Immunology, Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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15
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Wang J, Gu X, Cao L, Ouyang Y, Qi X, Wang Z, Wang J. A novel prognostic biomarker CD3G that correlates with the tumor microenvironment in cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:979226. [PMID: 36176400 PMCID: PMC9513466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.979226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CESC) is the fourth most common and death-causing gynecological cancer, mostly induced by infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). Multiple components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor infiltrating immune cells, could be targets of immunotherapy for HPV-related CESC. However, little is known about the TME of CESC until now. Here, we aimed to uncover the pathogenesis as well as to identify novel biomarkers to predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy for CESC. Combining the transcriptomic data and clinical characteristics, we identified differentially expressed genes in CESC samples from TCGA database by comparing the two groups with different ImmuneScore and StromalScore. Next, we detected ten key genes based on the PPI network and survival analyses with the univariate Cox regression model. Thereafter, we focused on CD3G, the only gene exhibiting increased RNA and protein expression in tumors by multiple analyses. Higher CD3G expression was associated with better survival; and it was also significantly associated with immune-related pathways through GSEA analysis. Furthermore, we found that CD3G expression was correlated with 16 types of TICs. Single cell RNA-sequencing data of CD3G in lymphocytes subgroup indicated its possible role in HPV defense. Hence, CD3G might be a novel biomarker in prognosis and immunotherapy for CESC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Wang, ; Zhijie Wang,
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Wang, ; Zhijie Wang,
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Shiri Aghbash P, Shirvaliloo M, Khalo Abass Kasho A, Alinezhad F, Nauwynck H, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Cluster of differentiation frequency on antigen presenting-cells: The next step to cervical cancer prognosis? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Yu L, Shi X, Min M, Xiong L, Pan J, Zhang Y, Liu P, Wu G, Gao G. Vaginal Microbiota Changes Caused by HPV Infection in Chinese Women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:814668. [PMID: 35800384 PMCID: PMC9253274 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. After studying 602 unvaccinated Chinese women using 16S rRNA to detect cervical-vaginal microecology, we analyzed the relationship between HPV infection and vaginal microecology including 20 HPV types. In Chinese women, L. gasseri–dominated and L. jensenii–dominated clusters were significantly absence. Microbial alpha diversity was significantly higher in HPV-infected and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)–diagnosed groups than in healthy control group. Certain bacteria were associated with HPV infection and CIN, including Streptococcus, Prevotella, Chlamydia, Bifidobacterium, Ralstonia, and Aerococcus. With the development of disease, the proportions of community state type III (CST-III) and CST-IV-B gradually increased, whereas the proportions of CST-I and CST-IV-A gradually decreased. In addition, age was an influential factor for HPV infection. With aging, the probability of HPV infection and the proportion of CST-IV-B increase. In conclusion, our study was a large cross-sectional study that evaluated the relationship between vaginal microbiota and HPV infection, and brought essential comparable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichan Zhang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxian Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peipei Liu, ; Guizhen Wu, ; Guolan Gao,
| | - Guizhen Wu
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peipei Liu, ; Guizhen Wu, ; Guolan Gao,
| | - Guolan Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, The Eight Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peipei Liu, ; Guizhen Wu, ; Guolan Gao,
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Bohaumilitzky L, Kluck K, Hüneburg R, Gallon R, Nattermann J, Kirchner M, Kristiansen G, Hommerding O, Pfuderer PL, Wagner L, Echterdiek F, Kösegi S, Müller N, Fischer K, Nelius N, Hartog B, Borthwick G, Busch E, Haag GM, Bläker H, Möslein G, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Seppälä TT, Ahtiainen M, Mecklin JP, Bishop DT, Burn J, Stenzinger A, Budczies J, Kloor M, Ahadova A. The Different Immune Profiles of Normal Colonic Mucosa in Cancer-Free Lynch Syndrome Carriers and Lynch Syndrome Colorectal Cancer Patients. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:907-919.e10. [PMID: 34863788 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Owing to the high load of immunogenic frameshift neoantigens, tumors arising in individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, are characterized by a pronounced immune infiltration. However, the immune status of normal colorectal mucosa in LS is not well characterized. We assessed the immune infiltrate in tumor-distant normal colorectal mucosa from LS CRC patients, sporadic microsatellite-unstable (MSI) and microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC patients, and cancer-free LS carriers. METHODS CD3-positive, FOXP3-positive, and CD8-positive T cells were quantified in, respectively, 219, 233, and 201 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal colonic mucosa tissue sections from CRC patients and cancer-free LS carriers and 26, 22, and 19 LS CRCs. CD3-positive T cells were also quantified in an independent cohort of 97 FFPE normal rectal mucosa tissue sections from LS carriers enrolled in the CAPP2 clinical trial. The expression of 770 immune-relevant genes was analyzed in a subset of samples with the use of the NanoString nCounter platform. RESULTS LS normal mucosa specimens showed significantly elevated CD3-, FOXP3-, and CD8-positive T-cell densities compared with non-LS control specimens. Gene expression profiling and cluster analysis revealed distinct immune profiles in LS carrier mucosa with and without cancer manifestation. Long-term follow-up of LS carriers within the CAPP2 trial found a correlation between mucosal T-cell infiltrate and time to subsequent tumor occurrence. CONCLUSIONS LS carriers show elevated mucosal T-cell infiltration even in the absence of cancer. The normal mucosa immune profile may be a temporary or permanent tumor risk modifier in LS carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kluck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Hüneburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Gallon
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pauline L Pfuderer
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lelia Wagner
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Echterdiek
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Stuttgart-Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Svenja Kösegi
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nico Müller
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Fischer
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Nelius
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Hartog
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Borthwick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Busch
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Martin Haag
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela Möslein
- Department of Surgery, Ev. Krankenhaus Bethesda Hospital, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toni T Seppälä
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Central Finland Hospital Nova, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Surgery, Central Finland Hospital Nova, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Liu W, Jiang Q, Sun C, Liu S, Zhao Z, Wu D. Developing a 5-gene prognostic signature for cervical cancer by integrating mRNA and copy number variations. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:192. [PMID: 35184747 PMCID: PMC8859909 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is frequently detected gynecological cancer all over the world. This study was designed to develop a prognostic signature for an effective prediction of cervical cancer prognosis. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on copy number variation (CNV) data and expression profiles from different databases. A prognostic model was constructed and further optimized by stepwise Akaike information criterion (stepAIC). The model was then evaluated in three groups (training group, test group and validation group). Functional analysis and immune analysis were used to assess the difference between high-risk and low-risk groups. Results The study developed a 5-gene prognostic model that could accurately classify cervical cancer samples into high-risk and low-risk groups with distinctly different prognosis. Low-risk group exhibited more favorable prognosis and higher immune infiltration than high-risk group. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent risk factor for cervical cancer. Conclusions The 5-gene prognostic signature could serve as a predictor for identifying high-risk cervical cancer patients, and provided potential direction for studying the mechanism or drug targets of cervical cancer. The integrated analysis of CNV and mRNA expanded a new perspective for exploring prognostic signatures in cervical cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09291-z.
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Tang J, Li M, Zhao C, Shen D, Liu L, Zhang X, Wei L. Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020239. [PMID: 35215833 PMCID: PMC8874761 DOI: 10.3390/v14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014 and 2021, two nucleic-acid vaccine candidates named MAV E2 and VGX-3100 completed phase III clinical trials in Mexico and U.S., respectively, for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). These well-tolerated but still unlicensed vaccines encode distinct HPV antigens (E2 versus E6+E7) to elicit cell-mediated immune responses; their clinical efficacy, as measured by HSIL regression or cure, was modest when compared with placebo or surgery (conization), but both proved highly effective in clearing HPV infection, which should help further optimize strategies for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, toward an ultimate goal of preventing malignancies in millions of patients who are living with persistent, oncogenic HPV infection but are not expected to benefit from current, prophylactic vaccines. The major roadblocks to a highly efficacious and practical product remain challenging and can be classified into five categories: (i) getting the vaccines into the right cells for efficient expression and presentation of HPV antigens (fusion proteins or epitopes); (ii) having adequate coverage of oncogenic HPV types, beyond the current focus on HPV-16 and -18; (iii) directing immune protection to various epithelial niches, especially anogenital mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract where HPV-transformed cells wreak havoc; (iv) establishing the time window and vaccination regimen, including dosage, interval and even combination therapy, for achieving maximum efficacy; and (v) validating therapeutic efficacy in patients with poor prognosis because of advanced, recurrent or non-resectable malignancies. Overall, the room for improvements is still large enough that continuing efforts for research and development will very likely extend into the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
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21
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Fatemi SA, Seifi N, Rasekh S, Amiri S, Moezzi SMI, Bagheri A, Fathi S, Negahdaripour M. Immunotherapeutic approaches for HPV-caused cervical cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 129:51-90. [PMID: 35305725 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer, the fourth most frequent women cancer worldwide, is mostly (about 99%) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite availability of three effective prophylactic vaccines for more than one decade and some other preventive measures, it is still the fourth cause of cancer death among women globally. Thus, development of therapeutic vaccines seems essential, which has been vastly studied using different vaccine platforms. Even with very wide efforts during the past years, no therapeutic vaccine has been approved yet, which might be partly due to the complex events and interactions taken place in the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, immunotherapy has opened its way into the management plans of some cancers. The recent approval of pembrolizumab for the treatment of metastatic/recurrent cervical cancer brings new hopes to the management of this disease, while some other immunotherapeutic approaches are also under investigation either alone or in combination with vaccines. Here, following a summary about HPV and its pathogenesis, cervical cancer therapeutic vaccines would be reviewed. Cell-based vaccines as well as immunomodulation and other modalities used along with vaccines would be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amirreza Fatemi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nadia Seifi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rasekh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sogand Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bagheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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22
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Zhang S, Wan J, Chen M, Cai D, Xu J, Chen Q. Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Driven by the Immune Checkpoint-Associated Gene IDO1 Are Associated With Cervical Cancer Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720447. [PMID: 34778035 PMCID: PMC8578845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, associated with tumor progression, are promising prognostic biomarkers. However, the relationship between levels of gene expression and that of immune cell infiltration in cervical cancer prognosis is unknown. In this study, three cervical cancer gene expression microarrays (GSE6791, GSE63678 and GSE55940) were obtained from the GEO database. The IDO1 gene was identified by differentially expressed gene screening. The gene expression profiles of TCGA and GTEx databases along with comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified that the IDO1 gene was upregulated in cervical cancer with significant difference in expression at different N stages. In addition, it was also upregulated in HPV16 positive sample. The pan-cancer analysis identified that IDO1 was highly expressed in most cancers. TIMER analysis revealed that the expression of IDO1 in CESC shows positive correlation with CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells. IDO1 expression showed remarkable positive correlation with all immune cell markers except M1 macrophages. CD8+ T cell infiltration GSEA results showed that IDO1 was mainly associated with tumor immune-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junhui Wan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Desheng Cai
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junlan Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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23
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Sun J, Tang Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Peng J, Chen L. Possible Immunotherapeutic Strategies Based on Carcinogen-Dependent Subgroup Classification for Oral Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717038. [PMID: 34497832 PMCID: PMC8419237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as an open local organ of the human body, exposed to multiple external factors from the outside environment. Coincidentally, initiation and development of oral cancer are attributed to many external factors, such as smoking and drinking, to a great extent. This phenomenon was partly explained by the genetic abnormalities traditionally induced by carcinogens. However, more and more attention has been attracted to the influence of carcinogens on the local immune status. On the other hand, immune heterogeneity of cancer patients is a huge obstacle for enhancing the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, in this review, we try to summarize the current opinions about variant genetic changes and multiple immune alterations induced by different oral cancer carcinogens and discuss the prospects of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies based on specific immune abnormalities caused by different carcinogens, as a predictive way to improve clinical outcomes of immunotherapy-treated oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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24
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Role of microRNAs (MiRNAs) as biomarkers of cervical carcinogenesis: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2021; 64:419-436. [PMID: 34384196 PMCID: PMC8458608 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review to identify the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in the progression of cervical precancerous lesions. A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases was performed for articles published between January 2010 and June 2020. The following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were searched: “microRNA” and “cervical” and “lesion.” All study designs that aimed to evaluate the correlation of miRNA expression with different precancerous cervical staging and/ or cervical cancer were included, except for case reports and case series. Approximately 82 individual miRNAs were found to be significant in differentiating the stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Among the miRNAs, miR-21 is the most prevalent, and it is consistently upregulated progressively from normal cervical to worsening cervical lesion stages in both cell and serum samples. miR-205 has been shown to have a higher specificity than human papilloma virus testing in predicting the absence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in exfoliated cell samples. The tumor suppressor miRNAs miR-34, let-7, miR-203 miR-29, and miR-375 were significantly downregulated in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSILs, and cervical cancer. We found significant dysregulated miRNAs in cervical carcinogenesis with their dynamic expression changes and ability to detect viral persistency, risk prediction of low-grade lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2) to high-grade lesions (CIN 3), and progression of CIN 3 to cancer. Their ability to discriminate HSILs from non-dysplastic lesions has potential implications in early diagnosis and reducing overtreatment of otherwise regressive early preinvasive lesions.
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25
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Syler LB, Stobaugh CL, Foulis PR, Carlton GT, DeLand LA, Borkowski AA. Cervical Cancer Screening in South Florida Veteran Population, 2014 to 2020: Cytology and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Correlation and Epidemiology. Cureus 2021; 13:e17247. [PMID: 34540473 PMCID: PMC8445854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This project aims to use our robust women's health patient data to analyze the correlation between cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) testing, study the performance of Hr-HPV testing for detecting cytology lesions, and examine epidemiologic measures of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the women's veteran population. Methods We collected patient data from 2014 to 2020 from our computerized patient record system. We performed HPV assays using the cobas® 4800 system (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). The cobas HPV assay detects HPV 16, HPV 18, and 12 other HPV types (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). We organized cytology results and Hr-HPV assays with Microsoft Access and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, USA) for analysis. Results A total of 9437 cervical specimens were co-tested. High-grade cytology lesions - high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or higher and atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) - were overwhelmingly positive for Hr-HPV (94.1% and 87.2%, respectively). Low-grade cytology lesions - low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ((LSIL) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) - were positive for Hr-HPV in lower percentages (72.6% and 54.9%, respectively). Hr-HPV testing had a sensitivity of 91.3%, a specificity of 93.1%, a positive predictive value of 16.4%, and a negative predictive value of 99.8% for detecting high-grade cytology lesions. Hr-HPV testing had a lower performance for detecting low-grade cytology lesions. Ten cases had high-grade cytology and negative Hr-HPV test. Out of 10 such patients, nine showed no dysplasia (six) or low-grade dysplasia (three) on subsequent biopsy. Overall, 14.4% of tests were positive for Hr-HPV. The highest positive Hr-HPV test rates were in the third and eighth decades of life, 25.1% and 22.0%, respectively. However, the eighth decade consisted of a small sample of only 50 women. In women over 30 years of age with Hr-HPV infections, HPV types 16 and 18 were present in 11.7% and 6.4% of tests, respectively. Other HPV types were present in 82.3% of tests. Conclusions Hr-HPV testing has a high performance in detecting high-grade cytology lesions and a lower performance for detecting low-grade cytology lesions. However, studies show that LSIL rarely progresses to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+), suggesting minimal to no impact on cervical cancer screening. We believe our findings are in accordance with recent studies and affirm the guidelines that recommend primary Hr-HPV testing as the preferred screening method. The percentage of positive Hr-HPV tests and rates for age and HPV types 16 and 18 in our women's veteran population suggest similar HPV prevalence to that of the general US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee B Syler
- Pathology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Corinne L Stobaugh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, USA
| | - Philip R Foulis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, USA
| | - George T Carlton
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, USA
| | | | - Andrew A Borkowski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, USA
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26
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Wang H, Che Y, Yang Y, Suo J, Wang X. Inhibition of Orthotopic Genital Cancer Induced by Subcutaneous Administration of Human Papillomavirus Peptide Vaccine with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as an Adjuvant in Mice. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5559-5572. [PMID: 34285577 PMCID: PMC8285235 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s309226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Although prophylactic HPV vaccines have been applied in the general population for the prevention of HPV infections, no licensed therapeutic HPV vaccine is currently available to treat preexisting HPV infections or HPV-associated diseases, including cervical cancer. Materials and Methods The most common murine cervical cancer model used for the evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic HPV vaccine in preclinical studies is the ectopic model, which is established by the subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells, such as TC-1 cells, into the flank of an animal. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of a therapeutic HPV peptide vaccine adjuvanted with unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide in the clearance of ectopic subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6 mice after vaccination. In the current study, we established orthotopic genital tumors by injecting TC-1 cells into the vaginal submucosa close to the cervix and assessed whether the subcutaneous administration of the therapeutic vaccine could inhibit the growth of genital tumors. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of the vaccination on the tumor microenvironment. Results The results showed that the vaccination induced an increase in infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, a decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as the differential expression of a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion The administration of the vaccine resulted in the inhibition of established implanted orthotopic genital tumors by inducing strong antitumor immune responses and reversed tolerogenic local immunosuppression in a mouse model of orthotopic genital cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Nursing College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Che
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Suo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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27
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Dass SA, Selva Rajan R, Tye GJ, Balakrishnan V. The potential applications of T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody in cervical cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2981-2994. [PMID: 33989511 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1913960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is ranked as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Monoclonal antibody has created a new dimension in the immunotherapy of many diseases, including cervical cancer. The antibody's ability to target various aspects of cervical cancer (oncoviruses, oncoproteins, and signaling pathways) delivers a promising future for efficient immunotherapy. Besides, technologies such as hybridoma and phage display provide a fundamental platform for monoclonal antibody generation and create the opportunity to generate novel antibody classes including, T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody. In this review, the current immunotherapy strategies for cervical cancer are presented. We have also proposed a novel concept of T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody and its potential applications for enhancing cervical cancer therapeutics. Finally, the possible challenges in TCR-like antibody application for cervical cancer therapeutics have been addressed, and strategies to overcome the challenges have been highlighted to maximize the therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Rehasri Selva Rajan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
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28
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Kang Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhang N, Cheng Q, Zhang Y. Integrated Analysis of Immune Infiltration Features for Cervical Carcinoma and Their Associated Immunotherapeutic Responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:573497. [PMID: 33898414 PMCID: PMC8063060 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.573497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women, which decreases quality of life of the patients. Traditional interventions have failed to improve the overall survival period of patients due to high tumor recurrence after treatment or late diagnosis. Fortunately, preliminary evidence suggests that anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy can efficiently treat against cervical cancer. However, there is no clear evidence on the efficacy of immunotherapy in cervical cancer. Therefore, in this study, we classified cervical cancers in the TCGA dataset using various algorithms and explored the relationship between the immune profile and corresponding sensitivity of the tumors to immunotherapy. Results showed that patients with tumors had higher expression of immunocytes and longer overall survival time. In addition, we build a scoring system based on the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer. Tumors with higher scores exhibited better survival outcomes and were more sensitive to immunotherapy. In this study, the immune landscape of cervical cancer was analyzed, and the subtype of cervical cancer based on that difference was proposed. Besides, the subtype of cervical cancer showed different sensitivity to immunotherapeutic response which further confirmed its relationship with tumor immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- One-Third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Floberg JM, Zhang J, Muhammad N, DeWees TA, Inkman M, Chen K, Lin AJ, Rashmi R, Jayachandran K, Edelson BT, Siegel BA, Dehdashti F, Grigsby PW, Markovina S, Schwarz JK. Standardized Uptake Value for 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Is a Marker of Inflammatory State and Immune Infiltrate in Cervical Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4245-4255. [PMID: 33820781 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer fails in over a third of patients. Biomarkers with therapeutic implications are therefore needed. We investigated the relationship between an established prognostic marker, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and the inflammatory and immune state of cervical cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An SUVmax most prognostic for freedom from progression (FFP) was identified and compared with known prognostic clinical variables in a cohort of 318 patients treated with definitive radiation with prospectively collected clinical data. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and CIBERSORT of whole-transcriptome data from 68 patients were used to identify biological pathways and immune cell subpopulations associated with high SUVmax. IHC using a tissue microarray (TMA, N = 82) was used to validate the CIBERSORT findings. The impact of macrophages on cervical cancer glucose metabolism was investigated in coculture experiments. RESULTS SUVmax <11.4 was most prognostic for FFP (P = 0.001). The GSEA showed that high SUVmax is associated with increased gene expression of inflammatory pathways, including JAK/STAT3 signaling. CIBERSORT and CD68 staining of the TMA showed high SUVmax tumors are characterized by a monocyte-predominant immune infiltrate. Coculture of cervical cancer cells with macrophages or macrophage-conditioned media altered glucose uptake, and IL6 and JAK/STAT3 signaling contribute to this effect. CONCLUSIONS SUVmax is a prognostic marker in cervical cancer that is associated with activation of inflammatory pathways and tumor infiltration of myeloid-derived immune cells, particularly macrophages. Macrophages contribute to changes in cervical cancer glucose metabolism.See related commentary by Williamson et al., p. 4136.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Floberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Naoshad Muhammad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Todd A DeWees
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Matthew Inkman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander J Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramachandran Rashmi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kay Jayachandran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Barry A Siegel
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Perry W Grigsby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephanie Markovina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Lorusso D, Ceni V, Daniele G, Pietragalla A, Salutari V, Muratore M, Nero C, Ciccarone F, Scambia G. Immunotherapy in gynecological cancers. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:48-64. [PMID: 36046088 PMCID: PMC9400773 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the natural history of several malignancies that, a decade ago, had a very poor prognosis, such as lung cancer and melanoma. Consequently, many attempts have been done to expand the indications of immunotherapy agents, predominantly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in other cancers, including gynecological malignancies. Alongside promising results in cervical and endometrial neoplasms, there are not clear data on the benefit of ICIs as single agent or in combination with antiangiogenic agents in ovarian cancer (OC) and ongoing trials are focusing on combining ICIs with standard chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors. This chapter summarized the evidences of ICIs in gynecological malignancies and report the ongoing trials in cervical, endometrial and OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lorusso
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy 2Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ceni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pietragalla
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanda Salutari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Muratore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Nero
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciccarone
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Yang L, Yang Y, Meng M, Wang W, He S, Zhao Y, Gao H, Tang W, Liu S, Lin Z, Li L, Hou Z. Identification of prognosis-related genes in the cervical cancer immune microenvironment. Gene 2021; 766:145119. [PMID: 32946928 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The metastasis and invasion of this type of cancer are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Immune cells and stromal cells dominate the tumor microenvironment in cervical cancer. Therefore, we should further investigate the complex interplay between the tumor progression with immune cells or stromal cells. METHODS We downloaded the gene expression profiles and clinical data of 307 patients with cervical cancers based on the TCGA database. Subsequently, the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm was used to calculate the scores of stromal cells and immune cells in order to uncover differential expressed genes, and we analyzed the correlation between their scores and patient survival. Then the Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of known RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) deconvolution algorithm was applied to quantify the fraction and infiltration of 22 types of immune cells in cervical cancer. Moreover, we also used R language packs and network tools to analyze GO term, gene enrichment pathway, and protein-protein relationship to trace down genes related to inflammation and immune regulation. RESULTS The gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of 307 patients were obtained from TCGA database. The results showed that the scores were statistically significant between the high immunescore group and the low immunescore group. And the low immunescore group had shorter survival period than the high scores group (P = 0.035). Among the 22 types of immune cells, only T cells and mast cells were significantly related to the survival rate of cervical cancer patients. Moreover, PPI network analysis revealed that CCR5 and CXCL9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis might be a new target for cervical cancer treatment. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves found outnine representative genes significantly related to survival rate including BTNL8, CCR7, CD1E, CD6, CD27, CD79A, GRAP2, SP1B, LY9. CONCLUSIONS These genes can be used as markers for the prognosis and diagnosis of cervical cancer and also might be used as treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China
| | - Wenju Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China
| | - Shan He
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China
| | - Yiyi Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Zhuying Lin
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China.
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000, China.
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Adebamowo SN, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN, Olaniyan O, Offiong R, Adebamowo CA. Genome-wide association study of prevalent and persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:231. [PMID: 33225922 PMCID: PMC7682060 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic factors may influence the susceptibility to high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and persistence. We conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with cervical hrHPV infection and persistence. Methods Participants were 517 Nigerian women evaluated at baseline and 6 months follow-up visits for HPV. HPV was characterized using SPF10/LiPA25. hrHPV infection was positive if at least one carcinogenic HPV genotype was detected in a sample provided at the baseline visit and persistent if at least one carcinogenic HPV genotype was detected in each of the samples provided at the baseline and follow-up visits. Genotyping was done using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array (MEGA) and imputation was done using the African Genome Resources Haplotype Reference Panel. Association analysis was done for hrHPV infection (125 cases/392 controls) and for persistent hrHPV infection (51 cases/355 controls) under additive genetic models adjusted for age, HIV status and the first principal component (PC) of the genotypes. Results The mean (±SD) age of the study participants was 38 (±8) years, 48% were HIV negative, 24% were hrHPV positive and 10% had persistent hrHPV infections. No single variant reached genome-wide significance (p < 5 X 10− 8). The top three variants associated with hrHPV infections were intronic variants clustered in KLF12 (all OR: 7.06, p = 1.43 × 10− 6). The top variants associated with cervical hrHPV persistence were in DAP (OR: 6.86, p = 7.15 × 10− 8), NR5A2 (OR: 3.65, p = 2.03 × 10− 7) and MIR365–2 (OR: 7.71, p = 2.63 × 10− 7) gene regions. Conclusions This exploratory GWAS yielded suggestive candidate risk loci for cervical hrHPV infection and persistence. The identified loci have biological annotation and functional data supporting their role in hrHPV infection and persistence. Given our limited sample size, larger discovery and replication studies are warranted to further characterize the reported associations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12881-020-01156-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally N Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood Street, Howard Hall, Room 119, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olayinka Olaniyan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Richard Offiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Clement A Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood Street, Howard Hall, Room 119, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Drakes ML, Czerlanis CM, Stiff PJ. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Gynecologic Cancers: State of Affairs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113301. [PMID: 33182298 PMCID: PMC7695253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most endometrial cancer patients are diagnosed at an early stage, receive standard treatment, and survive well. Ovarian cancer has no specific symptoms and usually escapes diagnosis until the patient has advanced disease. This disease results in the highest number of deaths of gynecologic cancers. Current treatments for gynecologic cancers in the advanced stage are not sufficiently effective for good outcome in most patients. This review discusses two novel treatments, which are immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies that block immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients. The antibody blocking of CTLA-4 or PD-1 alone is promising treatment for some categories of advanced disease endometrial cancer, but it has little effect against ovarian cancer. Our study primarily discusses the status of clinical trials for these two diseases and the biological parameters governing the different outcomes to these therapies. We also propose mechanisms whereby blocking CTLA-4 and PD-1 may be used in combination with other agents to give much better survival in advanced disease ovarian cancer patients. Abstract This review provides an update on the current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in female gynecologic cancers, and it addresses the potential of these agents to provide therapy options for disease management and long-term remission in advanced disease patients, where surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation fail to meet this goal. The topic of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) blocking cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed death-1 (PD-1) axis has come to the forefront of translational medicine over the last decade for several malignancies. The text will focus primarily on a discussion of ovarian cancer, which is the most frequent cause of death of gynecologic cancers; endometrial cancer, which is the most often diagnosed gynecologic cancer; and cervical cancer, which is the third most common female gynecologic malignancy, all of which unfavorably alter the lives of many women. We will address the critical factors that regulate the outcome of these cancer types to ICI therapy, the ongoing clinical trials in this area, as well as the adverse immune responses that impact the outcome of patients given ICI regimens.
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Loss of MHC Class I Expression in HPV-associated Cervical and Vulvar Neoplasia: A Potential Mechanism of Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibition. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:1184-1191. [PMID: 32496434 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is required for antigen presentation and adaptive immune recognition. Absent or diminished MHC class I expression is thought to contribute to immunotherapeutic resistance in some epithelial tumors but has not been previously studied in cervical and vulvar carcinoma. Given that anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition is deployed for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive recurrent and metastatic cervical squamous carcinomas, identifying tumors with loss of MHC class I is of clinical interest to optimize the selection of immunotherapeutic candidates. Immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 and MHC class I combined A, B, and C heavy chains (MHC class I) was assessed in 58 human papillomavirus-associated cervical and vulvar lesions, including 27 squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and 31 invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Although 84% of SCC and 22% of SIL were PD-L1-positive, 35.5% (11/31) of SCC and 18.5% (5/27) of SIL also showed clonal or complete loss of MHC class I. Loss of MHC class I expression was more common in PD-L1-positive (10/26, 38%) versus PD-L1-negative SCC (1/5, 20%). In summary, over one third of human papillomavirus-associated cervical and vulvar SCC show clonal or complete loss of MHC class I expression, including many PD-L1-positive cases. This suggests that the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis may be limited in a subset of cervical and vulvar squamous neoplasms due to an impaired ability to engage with the adaptive immune system related to loss of MHC class I expression.
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Chen Q, Hu L, Huang D, Chen K, Qiu X, Qiu B. Six-lncRNA Immune Prognostic Signature for Cervical Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:533628. [PMID: 33173530 PMCID: PMC7591729 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.533628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study searched for immune-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to predict the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. Method We obtained immunologically relevant lncRNA expression profiles and clinical follow-up data from cervical cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Molecular Signatures Database. Cervical cancer patients were randomly divided into a training group, testing group and combined group. The immune prognostic signature was constructed by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox regression, prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves between different groups, and the accuracy of the prognostic model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analysis. Results A six-lncRNA immune prognostic signature (LIPS) was constructed to predict the prognosis of cervical cancer. The six lncRNAs are as follows: AC009065.8, LINC01871, MIR210HG, GEMIN7-AS1, GAS5-AS1, and DLEU1. A ROC-AUC analysis indicated that the model could predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients in different subgroups. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high risk scores had a poor prognosis; these results were equally meaningful in the subgroup analyses. Risk scores differed depending on the clinical pathology and tumor grade and were independent risk factors for cervical cancer prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed an association between the LIPS and the immune response, Wnt signaling pathway, and TGF beta signaling pathway. Conclusion Our study shows that the six-LIPS can predict the prognosis of cervical cancer and contribute to decisions regarding the immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingqing Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Ma J, Cheng P, Chen X, Zhou C, Zheng W. Mining of prognosis-related genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9627. [PMID: 32904067 PMCID: PMC7450998 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the effective immune scoring method and mine the novel and potential immune microenvironment-related diagnostic and prognostic markers for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSSC). Materials and Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data was downloaded and multiple data analysis approaches were initially used to search for the immune-related scoring system on the basis of Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumour tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Afterwards, the representative genes in the gene modules correlated with immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm were further screened using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and network topology analysis. Gene functions were mined through enrichment analysis, followed by exploration of the correlation between these genes and immune checkpoint genes. Finally, survival analysis was applied to search for genes with significant association with overall survival and external database was employed for further validation. Results The immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm was closely associated with other categories of scores, the HPV infection status, prognosis and the mutation levels of multiple CSCC-related genes (HLA and TP53). Eighteen new representative immune microenvironment-related genes were finally screened closely associated with patient prognosis and were further validated by the independent dataset GSE44001. Conclusion Our present study suggested that the immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm can help to screen out novel immune-related diagnostic indicators, therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
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Zhou X, Sun L, Yao X, Li G, Wang Y, Lin Y. Progress in Vaccination of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1434. [PMID: 32754157 PMCID: PMC7365840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine plays an important role in preventing a series of diseases caused by HPV. Recent studies have shown that as a primary prevention measure, it can considerably prevent HPV infection and HPV-associated cervical cancer. However, studies on the safety, efficacy, and coverage of the HPV vaccine remain insufficient, especially in developing countries. Therefore, in this review, we outlined the recent studies of the HPV vaccine in terms of immunogenicity, safety, efficacy, latest vaccination concepts, and strategies. This review may provide a theoretical basis for use of the HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Pacheco GA, Bohmwald K, Berrios RV, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. The Role of Dendritic Cells During Infections Caused by Highly Prevalent Viruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1513. [PMID: 32765522 PMCID: PMC7378533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of innate immune cells with major relevance in the establishment of an adaptive response, as they are responsible for the activation of lymphocytes. Since their discovery, several reports of their role during infectious diseases have been performed, highlighting their functions and their mechanisms of action. DCs can be categorized into different subsets, and each of these subsets expresses a wide arrange of receptors and molecules that aid them in the clearance of invading pathogens. Interferon (IFN) is a cytokine -a molecule of protein origin- strongly associated with antiviral immune responses. This cytokine is secreted by different cell types and is fundamental in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Particularly, DCs are one of the most important immune cells that produce IFN, with type I IFNs (α and β) highlighting as the most important, as they are associated with viral clearance. Type I IFN secretion can be induced via different pathways, activated by various components of the virus, such as surface proteins or genetic material. These molecules can trigger the activation of the IFN pathway trough surface receptors, including IFNAR, TLR4, or some intracellular receptors, such as TLR7, TLR9, and TLR3. Here, we discuss various types of dendritic cells found in humans and mice; their contribution to the activation of the antiviral response triggered by the secretion of IFN, through different routes of the induction for this important antiviral cytokine; and as to how DCs are involved in human infections that are considered highly frequent nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas M S Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roslye V Berrios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhao Z, Li J, Li H, Yuan Wu NY, Ou-Yang P, Liu S, Cai J, Wang J. Integrative Bioinformatics Approaches to Screen Potential Prognostic Immune-Related Genes and Drugs in the Cervical Cancer Microenvironment. Front Genet 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32733542 PMCID: PMC7359727 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, cervical cancer is still the major cause of cancer-related death among women. To better understand the correlation between tumor microenvironment (TME) and prognosis of cervical cancer, we screened 1367 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of cervical cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm-derived immune scores. Then, we extracted 401 tumor immune microenvironment (TIME)-related DEGs that related to patients' survival outcomes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis revealed that the prognostic genes mainly participated in myeloid leukocyte activation, adaptive immune response regulation, and receptor signaling pathways. A total of 79 key prognostic DEGs were obtained through PPI network. A TF-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. 4 genes (CCR7, PD-1, ZAP70, and CD28) were validated in another independent cohort of cervical cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Finally, potential drugs for key prognostics DEGs were predicted using DrugBank. In conclusion, we obtained a list of potential prognostic TIME-related genes and potential predicted drugs by integrative bioinformatics approaches. A comprehensive understanding of prognostic genes within the TIME may provide new strategies for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jigang Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - He Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na-Yi Yuan Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peilin Ou-Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingting Cai
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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40
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Sun J, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie M, Xie Y, Chen G, Chen L. Role of the oral microbiota in cancer evolution and progression. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6306-6321. [PMID: 32638533 PMCID: PMC7476822 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria identified in the oral cavity are highly complicated. They include approximately 1000 species with a diverse variety of commensal microbes that play crucial roles in the health status of individuals. Epidemiological studies related to molecular pathology have revealed that there is a close relationship between oral microbiota and tumor occurrence. Oral microbiota has attracted considerable attention for its role in in‐situ or distant tumor progression. Anaerobic oral bacteria with potential pathogenic abilities, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are well studied and have close relationships with various types of carcinomas. Some aerobic bacteria such as Parvimonas are also linked to tumorigenesis. Moreover, human papillomavirus, oral fungi, and parasites are closely associated with oropharyngeal carcinoma. Microbial dysbiosis, colonization, and translocation of oral microbiota are necessary for implementation of carcinogenic functions. Various underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota‐induced carcinogenesis have been reported including excessive inflammatory reaction, immunosuppression of host, promotion of malignant transformation, antiapoptotic activity, and secretion of carcinogens. In this review, we have systemically described the impact of oral microbial abnormalities on carcinogenesis and the future directions in this field for bringing in new ideas for effective prevention of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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41
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Allouch S, Malki A, Allouch A, Gupta I, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE. High-Risk HPV Oncoproteins and PD-1/PD-L1 Interplay in Human Cervical Cancer: Recent Evidence and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2020; 10:914. [PMID: 32695664 PMCID: PMC7338567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developing countries. Important etiological factors in this cancer are high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), as roughly 96% of cervical cancer cases are positive for these oncoviruses. On the other hand, it has been recently pointed out that E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPV can upregulate the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Likewise, several recent reports showed that checkpoint blockades targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have achieved efficient clinical responses via suppressing cancer progression and improving survival in several types of human cancers including metastatic cervical cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and its interaction with high-risk HPV and their oncoproteins, which could have an important impact on the management of HPV-associated cancers including cervical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Allouch
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Wang R, Pan W, Jin L, Huang W, Li Y, Wu D, Gao C, Ma D, Liao S. Human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer: Opportunity and challenge. Cancer Lett 2020; 471:88-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Teng P, Hao M. A population-based study of age-related associations between vaginal pH and the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1890-1902. [PMID: 31943830 PMCID: PMC7050087 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vaginal pH and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is unclear. We evaluated the dose‐response relationship between vaginal pH and CIN risk, as well as the combined influence of vaginal pH and high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) on the risk of CIN and the mediation effects of hrHPV infection on vaginal pH level and the development of CIN. We investigated 2304 women in Shanxi, China. The dose‐response relationship between vaginal pH and CIN risk was assessed using categoric and spline analyses. We established interaction and mediation models to determine the correlation between pH and hrHPV in the development of CIN. After adjusting covariates, a positive association was observed between hrHPV infection and the development of CIN [OR (95% CI) = 4.75 (3.52‐6.40) for CIN2+; OR (95% CI) = 7.30 (4.10‐13.00) for CIN3+], while a negative correlation was showed between vaginal pH level and CIN3+ [OR (95% CI) = 1.04 (0.59‐1.84); high vs low: OR (95% CI) = 0.32 (0.15‐0.69), P = .002]. The highest risk of CIN (5.24 of CIN2+ and 5.80 of CIN3+) were observed when hrHPV infection was combined with middle vaginal pH (4.6‐5.0). A significant mediation effect of hrHPV infection was observed in the association between vaginal pH level with CIN2+ (P = .002) and CIN3+ (P = .004). In conclusion, abnormal vaginal pH significantly induced the risk of high‐stage CIN in Chinese women infected with hrHPV. Therefore, maintaining normal vaginal pH levels may reduce the risk of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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44
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Marinelli O, Annibali D, Aguzzi C, Tuyaerts S, Amant F, Morelli MB, Santoni G, Amantini C, Maggi F, Nabissi M. The Controversial Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1073. [PMID: 31681606 PMCID: PMC6803534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1, CD279) receptor with its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274, B7-H1), and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2, CD273, B7-DC), are the key players of one of the immune checkpoint pathways inhibiting T-cell activation. PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in different cancer cells and their microenvironment, including infiltrating immune cells. However, their prognostic value is still debated and their role in the tumor microenvironment has not been fully elucidated yet. Considering the importance that cancer immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies gained in several tumor types, in this review article we aim to discuss the role of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 axis in gynecological cancers. PD-1 ligands have been detected in ovarian, cervical, vulvar and uterine cancers, and correlation with prognosis seems dependent from their distribution. About PD-L2, very few reports are available so far in gynecological malignancies, and its role is still not completely understood. Clinical trials using anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, but not anti-PD-L2, are currently ongoing, in all types of gynecological cancers. They have shown good safety profiles in a certain cohort of patients, but response rates remain low and many aspects remain controversial. In this review, we propose possible solutions to enhance the clinical efficacy of PD-1 axis targeting therapies. Regarding PD-L2, it might be useful to better clarify its role in order to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy in female malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI), University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Induction of co-inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 by human papillomavirus E7 protein through downregulation of histone methyltransferase JHDM1B expression. Virology 2019; 538:111-118. [PMID: 31590057 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus causes various skin diseases and even cancer. Unfortunately, the host immune system often fails to generate effective responses against HPV infection due to the ability of HPV to evade immune-mediated eradication, although the detailed mechanisms by which HPV inhibits host antiviral immunity are not fully understood. In this study, we reported a novel role of HPV E7 oncoprotein in inducing the expression of co-inhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in cells of epithelial origin. Mechanistically, HPV E7 protein downregulated the cellular abundance of Jumonji C histone demethylase 1B (JHDM1B), increasing the levels of H3K36 methylation within the promoter region of CTLA-4. Our findings expand the current understanding of HPV-mediated immune evasion mechanisms and may be helpful in developing optimal anti-HPV therapeutic strategies and relevant drugs.
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46
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The prognostic landscape of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in cervical cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109444. [PMID: 31562978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) are highly relevant to tumor development and are promising prognostic biomarkers. However, the precise assessment of TICs is limited by the deficiencies of traditional measurements, such as the lack of phenotypic markers. Here, we analyzed the composition of TICs in cervical cancer based on RNA expression data with a metagene approach called CIBERSORT and evaluated the prognostic value of TICs. The immune infiltration profiles functioned as intrinsic features to distinguish cervical cancer from normal tissue. According to the Cox regression analysis, higher levels of activated memory CD4+ T cells were independently associated with favorable overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.89; p = 0.003), whereas a higher fraction of activated mast cells was independently associated with adverse outcomes (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.23-1.91; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a novel prognostic model named aTMNs (activated memory CD4+ T cells, activated mast cells and activated natural killer [NK] cells) was constructed to predict OS in cervical cancer with high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.723, concordance index [C-index] = 0.738): risk score = -0.34508 × (proportion of activated memory CD4+ T cells) + 0.426841 × (proportion of activated mast cells) + 0.272202 × (proportion of activated NK cells). The aTMNs model outperformed the immunomodulator model (AUC = 0.673, C-index = 0.693). Overall, TICs are important prognostic determinants in cervical cancer and may be a useful resource for the development of effective immunotherapy.
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Matamoros JA, da Silva MIF, de Moura PMMF, Leitão MDCG, Coimbra EC. Reduced Expression of IL-1β and IL-18 Proinflammatory Interleukins Increases the Risk of Developing Cervical Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2715-2721. [PMID: 31554368 PMCID: PMC6976845 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the gene expression profile of the proinflammatory interleukins, (IL-1β and IL-18) in patients with premalignant lesions and cervical cancer. Methods: Total IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA was quantified by qPCR to obtain the expression data in cervical tissues. A total of 74 cervical biopsies were obtained from women undergoing a colposcopy. The samples were divided into: normal (19), low level lesions (LSIL) or NIC I (17), high level lesions (HSIL) or CIN II and CIN III (29) and cancer (9). The normal cervical tissue samples were included as controls. The OR and 95% CI were calculated for the determination of the risk of progression between each type of lesion and cancer using logistic regression. Results: The results showed that an increase in the risk of progression of pre-neoplastic lesions to cancer was between 2.5 and 2.08 times higher in women with lower IL-1β and IL-18 expression, respectively. Conclusions: This study provided evidence that IL-1β and IL-18 are potential biomarkers that can be explored in further studies for monitoring the evolution of pre-neoplastic lesions and avoiding overtreatment or undertreatment of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Anibal Matamoros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria da Conceição Gomes Leitão
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Eliane Campos Coimbra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Kumar R, Paul AM, Rameshwar P, Pillai MR. Epigenetic Dysregulation at the Crossroad of Women's Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081193. [PMID: 31426393 PMCID: PMC6721458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasingly number of women of all age groups are affected by cancer, despite substantial progress in our understanding of cancer pathobiology, the underlying genomic alterations and signaling cascades, and cellular-environmental interactions. Though our understanding of women’s cancer is far more complete than ever before, there is no comprehensive model to explain the reasons behind the increased incidents of certain reproductive cancer among older as well as younger women. It is generally suspected that environmental and life-style factors affecting hormonal and growth control pathways might help account for the rise of women’s cancers in younger age, as well, via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic regulators play an important role in orchestrating an orderly coordination of cellular signals in gene activity in response to upstream signaling and/or epigenetic modifiers present in a dynamic extracellular milieu. Here we will discuss the broad principles of epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA methylation in women’s cancers in the context of gene expression, hormonal action, and the EGFR family of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. We anticipate that a better understanding of the epigenetics of women’s cancers may provide new regulatory leads and further fuel the development of new epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Graduate Degree Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
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49
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Zheng JJ, Song JH, Yu CX, Wang F, Wang PC, Meng JW. Difference in vaginal microecology, local immunity and HPV infection among childbearing-age women with different degrees of cervical lesions in Inner Mongolia. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:109. [PMID: 31405377 PMCID: PMC6689872 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the difference in vaginal microecology, local immunity and HPV infection among childbearing-age women with different degrees of cervical lesions. Methods A total of 432 patients were included in this study. Among these patients, 136 patients had LSIL, 263 patients had HSIL and 33 patients had CSCC. These patients were assigned as the research groups. In addition, 100 healthy females were enrolled and assigned as the control group. Results The microbiological indexes of vaginal secretions were evaluated. Furthermore, the concentrations of SIgA, IgG, IL-2 and IL-10 in vaginal lavage fluid, as well as the presence of HPV, mycoplasma and Chlamydia in cervical secretions, were detected. The results is that: (1) Differences in evaluation indexes of vaginal microecology among all research groups and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). As the degree of cervical lesions increased, the number of Lactobacillus decreased, and there was an increase in prevalence of bacterial imbalance, and the diversity, density and normal proportion of bacteria was reduced. Furthermore, the incidence of HPV, trichomonads, clue cell and Chlamydia infection increased. Moreover, the positive rate of H2O2 decreased, while the positive rates of SNa and GADP increased. (2) Differences in the ratio of IL-2 and IL-10 in the female genital tract among all research groups and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Conclusions As the degree of cervical lesions increased, IL-2 decreased, IL-10 increased and IL-2/IL-10 decreased, while SIgA and IgG were elevated. The reduction of dominant Lactobacillus in the vagina, impairment of H2O2 function, flora ratio imbalance, pathogen infections, reduction in IL-2/IL-10 ratio, and changes in SIgA and IgG levels could all be potential factors that influenced the pathogenicity of HPV infection and the occurrence and development of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 of TongDao North Street, HuiMin District, Huhhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing-Hui Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 of TongDao North Street, HuiMin District, Huhhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Cong-Xiang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 of TongDao North Street, HuiMin District, Huhhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 of TongDao North Street, HuiMin District, Huhhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huhhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing-Wei Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huhhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
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50
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Leach DG, Young S, Hartgerink JD. Advances in immunotherapy delivery from implantable and injectable biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:15-31. [PMID: 30771535 PMCID: PMC6632081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale biomaterials, such as preformed implantable scaffolds and injectable soft materials, possess powerful synergies with anti-cancer immunotherapies. Immunotherapies on their own typically have poor delivery properties, and often require repeated high-dose injections that result in serious off-tumor effects and/or limited efficacy. Rationally designed biomaterials allow for discrete localization and controlled release of immunotherapeutic agents, and have been shown in a large number of applications to improve outcomes in the treatment of cancers via immunotherapy. Among various strategies, macroscale biomaterial delivery systems can take the form of robust tablet-like scaffolds that are surgically implanted into a tumor resection site, releasing programmed immune cells or immunoregulatory agents. Alternatively they can be developed as soft gel-like materials that are injected into solid tumors or sites of resection to stimulate a potent anti-tumor immune response. Biomaterials synthesized from diverse components such as polymers and peptides can be combined with any immunotherapy in the modern toolbox, from checkpoint inhibitors and stimulatory adjuvants, to cancer antigens and adoptive T cells, resulting in unique synergies and improved therapeutic efficacy. The field is growing rapidly in size as publications continue to appear in the literature, and biomaterial-based immunotherapies are entering clinical trials and human patients. It is unarguably an exciting time for cancer immunotherapy and biomaterial researchers, and further work seeks to understand the most critical design considerations in the development of the next-generation of immunotherapeutic biomaterials. This review will discuss recent advances in the delivery of immunotherapies from localized biomaterials, focusing on macroscale implantable and injectable systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Anti-cancer immunotherapies have shown exciting clinical results in the past few decades, yet they suffer from a few distinct limitations, such as poor delivery kinetics, narrow patient response profiles, and systemic side effects. Biomaterial systems are now being developed that can overcome many of these problems, allowing for localized adjuvant delivery, focused dose concentrations, and extended therapy presentation. The field of biocompatible carrier materials is uniquely suited to be combined with immunotherapy, promising to yield significant improvements in treatment outcomes and clinical care. In this review, the first pioneering efforts and most recent advances in biomaterials for immunotherapeutic applications are explored, with a specific focus on implantable and injectable biomaterials such as porous scaffolds, cryogels, and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Leach
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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