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Shaheen MNF, Ahmed N, Rady Badr K, Elmahdy EM. Detection and quantification of adenovirus, polyomavirus, and papillomavirus in urban sewage. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:401-413. [PMID: 38421633 PMCID: wh_2024_322 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence and seasonal frequency of human adenovirus (HAdV), human polyomavirus (HPyV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) in urban sewage. The detection of these viruses was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then the viral concentrations in the positive samples were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, HAdV and HPyV genotyping was also performed by PCR. A total of 38/60 (63.3%) positive samples were found. HAdV was the most prevalent virus (26/60; 43.3%), followed by HPyV (21/60; 35%) and HPV (21/60; 35%). The viral concentrations ranged from 3.56 × 102 to 7.55 × 107 genome copies/L. The most common dual viral agents was found between HAdV and HPyV, in eight samples (8/38, 21%). HAdV types 40 and 41 as well as HPyV types JC and BK were identified, with HAdV-40 and HPyV JC being the most prevalent types. Furthermore, the detection rates of HAdV, HPyV, and HPV were higher during the winter season than the other seasons. The high prevalence of HAdV and HPyV supports their suitability as viral indicators of sewage contamination. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the advantages of environmental surveillance as a tool to elucidate the community-circulating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt E-mail: ;
| | - Nehal Ahmed
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kareem Rady Badr
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elmahdy Mohamed Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Qaqish A, Abdo N, Abbas MM, Saadeh N, Alkhateeb M, Msameh R, Tarawneh S, Al-Masri M. Awareness and knowledge of physicians and residents on the non-sexual routes of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and their perspectives on anti-HPV vaccination in Jordan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291643. [PMID: 37819974 PMCID: PMC10566688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although penetrative sex is the most common route of HPV infection, there is strong evidence of non-sexual modes of transmission. As the first of its kind, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and awareness of Jordanian physicians on such routes. METHODS A questionnaire was conducted among a national Jordanian sample of physicians from Jordanian health sectors. The survey included questions assessing participants' knowledge on HPV, non-sexual routes of infection and HPV vaccines. Physicians' attitudes towards HPV screening and vaccination were covered. Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS 9.4, ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey-Honest test and Kruskal-Wallis test. All significant differences were set at α = 0.05. RESULTS A total of 412 participants completed the survey. Physicians showed a huge deficit in knowledge on nonsexual routes of HPV transmission. They agreed that the most and least common routes of non-sexual transmission are skin to mucosa (64%) and contaminated water (15%), respectively. Females showed significantly better knowledge in all aspects of HPV transmission and vaccination (p<0.0001) and more positive attitudes towards HPV screening and vaccination compared to males (p = 0.03). Age group ≤ 25 and academic physicians demonstrated higher knowledge on HPV vaccines compared to their counterparts in non-academic places (p = 0.002). Specialty and experience seemed to have no impact on knowledge or attitudes of participants. Higher knowledge physicians had more positive attitude towards vaccination and screening compared to lower knowledge fellows (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The noteworthy findings of this study is the extremely low level of knowledge on non-sexual routes of HPV infection among Jordanian physicians. Increasing the level of awareness of physicians and healthcare workers on these routes and their association with cervical and other cancers through university curricula and other reliable sources is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Qaqish
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manal Mohammad Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Saadeh
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Renad Msameh
- Department of General Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shahd Tarawneh
- Faculty of medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mona Al-Masri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Maréchal V, Maday Y, Wallet C, Cluzel N, Borde C. Wastewater-based epidemiology: Retrospective, current status, and future prospects. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2023; 42:101251. [PMID: 37236316 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Maréchal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique OBEPINE.
| | - Yvon Maday
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL), F-75005 Paris, France; Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique OBEPINE
| | - Clémentine Wallet
- Université de Strasbourg, Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France; Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique OBEPINE
| | - Nicolas Cluzel
- Sorbonne Université, Maison des Modélisations Ingénieries et Technologies (SUMMIT), 75005 Paris, France; Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique OBEPINE
| | - Chloé Borde
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique OBEPINE
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Milano G, Guarducci G, Nante N, Montomoli E, Manini I. Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology and Prevention: Is There Still a Gender Gap? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1060. [PMID: 37376449 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Human papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted, one of the three most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in both males and females, and the most common viral STI. A crucial public health strategy to protect people against HPV is vaccination, which has shown its effectiveness in preventing HPV-related diseases. Presently, three types of vaccines are available (bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonvalent), and they all target the two most oncogenic virus genotypes (HPV 16 and 18). In recent years, the need to implement vaccination programmes that include all genders has been discussed in order to achieve herd immunity against HPV. To date, only a few countries have included young males in their vaccination programmes. Thus, our objective with this review is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of HPV and HPV prevention strategies and report the latest findings from the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Milano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guarducci
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Khan M, Li L, Haak L, Payen SH, Carine M, Adhikari K, Uppal T, Hartley PD, Vasquez-Gross H, Petereit J, Verma SC, Pagilla K. Significance of wastewater surveillance in detecting the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other respiratory viruses in the community - A multi-site evaluation. One Health 2023; 16:100536. [PMID: 37041760 PMCID: PMC10074727 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral genome in wastewater has proven to be useful for tracking the trends of virus prevalence within the community. The surveillance also provides precise and early detection of any new and circulating variants, which aids in response to viral outbreaks. Site-specific monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants provides valuable information on the prevalence of new or emerging variants in the community. We sequenced the genomic RNA of viruses present in the wastewater samples and analyzed for the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other respiratory viruses for a period of one year to account for seasonal variations. The samples were collected from the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area on a weekly basis between November 2021 to November 2022. Samples were analyzed to detect the levels of SARS-CoV-2 genomic copies and variants identification. This study confirmed that wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants can be used for community surveillance and early detection of circulating variants and supports wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a complement to clinical respiratory virus testing as a healthcare response effort. Our study showed the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus throughout the year compared to a seasonal presence of other respiratory viruses, implicating SARS-CoV-2's broad genetic diversity and strength to persist and infect susceptible hosts. Through secondary analysis, we further identified antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in the same wastewater samples and found WBE to be a feasible tool for community AMR detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Laura Haak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Shannon Harger Payen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Madeline Carine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kabita Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Paul D. Hartley
- Nevada Genomics Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Hans Vasquez-Gross
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center (RRID:SCR_017802), University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Juli Petereit
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center (RRID:SCR_017802), University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Subhash C. Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Krishna Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Stolbikov AS, Salyaev RK, Nurminsky VN, Chernyshov MY. Investigation of the Presence of DNA of Highly Pathogenic Human Papillomaviruses in Water Bodies of the Lake Baikal Natural Territory. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:258-266. [PMID: 35932447 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are extremely widespread throughout the world. There are more than 100 types of HPVs, of which at least 14 types represent high oncogenic risk viruses (World Health Organization, 2020). Numerous attempts were made to analyze various water sources in order to (i) reveal the presence of DNA of pathogenic human papillomaviruses in them and (ii) assess the potential risks of occurrence of epidemics caused by HPV. With time, the necessity to solve these important problems stimulated the formation of a new direction in the world medical and environmental investigations.This paper contains the investigation of the presence of DNA of highly dangerous types of human papillomaviruses (HPV6, HPV11, HPV16 and HPV18) in water bodies of the Baikal natural territory, in particular in the water reservoirs in and near the villages of Listvyanka, Bolshiye Koty, Kultuk and the cities of Baikalsk and Slyudyanka. In course of our work, the conditions good for the study of the biological material obtained from water samples by the PCR technique to reveal the presence of DNA of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16 and HPV18 papillomaviruses were chosen. PCR analysis was conducted with the aid of both the already well-known universal primers GP5 + /6 + and the primers developed by our team to be applied to the conservative domains of nucleotide sequences encoding the main capsid protein L1 of human papillomaviruses HPV6, HPV11 (these types of the virus contribute to the occurrence of anogenital condylomatosis and the development of respiratory papillomatosis) and HPV16, HPV16 (these types of virus contribute to the occurrence of cervical cancer).The analyzes conducted by our team have revealed the presence of DNA of the four types of HPVs (6, 11, 16 and 18) in the samples taken from various water sources of the Baikal natural territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Stolbikov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
- Irkutsk State University, 1 Karl Marx st, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia.
| | - R K Salyaev
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - V N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - M Yu Chernyshov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Presidium of Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 134 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Miyani B, McCall C, Xagoraraki I. High abundance of human herpesvirus 8 in wastewater from a large urban area. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1402-1411. [PMID: 33058412 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study assesses the diversity and abundance of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) in the influent of an urban wastewater treatment plant using shotgun sequencing, metagenomic analysis and qPCR. METHODS AND RESULTS Influent wastewater samples were collected from the three interceptors that serve the City of Detroit and Wayne, Macomb and Oakland counties between November 2017 to February 2018. The samples were subjected to a series of processes to concentrate viruses which were further sequenced and amplified using qPCR. All nine types of HHV were detected in wastewater. Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), known as Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, which is only prevalent in 5-10% of USA population, was found to be the most abundant followed by HHV-3 or Varicella-zoster virus. CONCLUSIONS The high abundance of HHV-8 in the Detroit metropolitan area may be attributed to the HIV-AIDS outbreak that was ongoing in Detroit during the sampling period. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The approach described in this paper can be used to establish a baseline of viruses secreted by the community as a whole. Sudden changes in the baseline would identify changes in community health and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miyani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C McCall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Zhou X, Nakashima K, Ito M, Zhang X, Sakai S, Feng C, Sun H, Chen H, Li TC, Suzuki T. Prevalence and viral loads of polyomaviruses BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV and HEV in HIV-infected patients in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17066. [PMID: 33051567 PMCID: PMC7555828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses (PyVs) and hepatitis viruses are often more prevalent or persistent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and the associated diseases are more abundant than in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we evaluated seroreactivities and viral loads of human PyVs and hepatitis viruses in HIV/AIDS patients and the general population in China in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. A total of 810 HIV-1-infected patients and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals were enrolled to assess seroprevalence of PyVs BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV, and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV, and HEV. 583 (72%) patients received cART, and among them, 31.2% had undetectable HIV RNA. While no significant difference was observed in prevalence of anti-PyV antibodies between HIV-positive and -negative groups, serum DNA positivity and DNA copy level of MCPyV were higher in the HIV-positive group. Among HIV-infected patients, BKPyV DNA positivity was significantly higher in patients with CD4 + cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 compared to those with CD4 + cell counts > 500 cells/mm3, suggesting possible reactivation caused by HIV-induced immune suppression. Higher HBV and HCV seropositivities but not HEV seropositivity were also observed in the HIV-positive group. Further correlation analyses demonstrated that HBV and HEV are potential risk factors for increased prevalence of PyV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zhou
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Changhua Feng
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China
| | - Huabao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
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Petca A, Borislavschi A, Zvanca ME, Petca RC, Sandru F, Dumitrascu MC. Non-sexual HPV transmission and role of vaccination for a better future (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 33101476 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) belong to the Papillomaviridae family and are epitheliotropic infecting squamous epithelia (skin and mucosae). HPV is estimated to be the cause of 99% of cervical cancers (there is no evidence of significant genetic predisposition for cervical cancer), 90% of anal cancer, 65% vaginal cancers, 50% vulvar cancers, and 45-90% oropharyngeal cancers. The route of HPV transmission is primarily through skin-to-skin or skin-to-mucosa contact. Sexual transmission is the most documented, but there have been studies suggesting non-sexual courses. The horizontal transfer of HPV includes fomites, fingers, and mouth, skin contact (other than sexual). Self-inoculation is described in studies as a potential HPV transmission route, as it was certified in female virgins, and in children with genital warts (low-risk HPV) without a personal history of sexual abuse. Vertical transmission from mother to child is another HPV transfer course. Several studies have emphasized the possibility of infection through the amniotic fluid, or the placenta, or via contact with maternal genital mucosa during natural birth. Waterborne transmission of HPV has never been demonstrated; however, HPV DNA has been detected in water environments. Routine hygiene measures are proven to be inefficient in preventing HPV transmission, as the studies which have evaluated samples of HPV on contaminated medical equipment (after standard disinfection) have found them to be still positive. Annual costs associated with the morbidity and mortality of HPV-related diseases are estimated at approximately $4 billion. Once the HPV vaccine program in Australia was launched, many studies reported the initial effects: A decrease in the incidence of high-grade cervical abnormalities, no new genital warts cases in females under 21 years. Promoting greater understanding in the general public about the evident benefits of vaccination can create positive vaccine attitudes and scatter the myths of spurious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Petca
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Borislavschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mona Elena Zvanca
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, 'Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Sandru
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Farkas K, Walker DI, Adriaenssens EM, McDonald JE, Hillary LS, Malham SK, Jones DL. Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115926. [PMID: 32417460 PMCID: PMC7211501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne enteric viruses are an emerging cause of disease outbreaks and represent a major threat to global public health. Enteric viruses may originate from human wastewater and can undergo rapid transport through aquatic environments with minimal decay. Surveillance and source apportionment of enteric viruses in environmental waters is therefore essential for accurate risk management. However, individual monitoring of the >100 enteric viral strains that have been identified as aquatic contaminants is unfeasible. Instead, viral indicators are often used for quantitative assessments of wastewater contamination, viral decay and transport in water. An ideal indicator for tracking wastewater contamination should be (i) easy to detect and quantify, (ii) source-specific, (iii) resistant to wastewater treatment processes, and (iv) persistent in the aquatic environment, with similar behaviour to viral pathogens. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of 127 peer-reviewed publications, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of several viral indicators of wastewater pollution, including common enteric viruses (mastadenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and Aichi viruses), the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and gut-associated bacteriophages (Type II/III FRNA phages and phages infecting human Bacteroides species, including crAssphage). Our analysis suggests that overall, human mastadenoviruses have the greatest potential to indicate contamination by domestic wastewater due to their easy detection, culturability, and high prevalence in wastewater and in the polluted environment. Aichi virus, crAssphage and PMMoV are also widely detected in wastewater and in the environment, and may be used as molecular markers for human-derived contamination. We conclude that viral indicators are suitable for the long-term monitoring of viral contamination in freshwater and marine environments and that these should be implemented within monitoring programmes to provide a holistic assessment of microbiological water quality and wastewater-based epidemiology, improve current risk management strategies and protect global human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Farkas
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - David I Walker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | | | - James E McDonald
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Luke S Hillary
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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11
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Cho KB. Diagnostic Method for the Detection of JC PolyomavirusUsing Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.4.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Bong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea
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12
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Prado JCM, Monezi TA, Amorim AT, Lino V, Paladino A, Boccardo E. Human polyomaviruses and cancer: an overview. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e558s. [PMID: 30328951 PMCID: PMC6157077 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e558s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The name of the family Polyomaviridae, derives from the early observation that cells infected with murine polyomavirus induced multiple (poly) tumors (omas) in immunocompromised mice. Subsequent studies showed that many members of this family exhibit the capacity of mediating cell transformation and tumorigenesis in different experimental models. The transformation process mediated by these viruses is driven by viral pleiotropic regulatory proteins called T (tumor) antigens. Similar to other viral oncoproteins T antigens target cellular regulatory factors to favor cell proliferation, immune evasion and downregulation of apoptosis. The first two human polyomaviruses were isolated over 45 years ago. However, recent advances in the DNA sequencing technologies led to the rapid identification of additional twelve new polyomaviruses in different human samples. Many of these viruses establish chronic infections and have been associated with conditions in immunosuppressed individuals, particularly in organ transplant recipients. This has been associated to viral reactivation due to the immunosuppressant therapy applied to these patients. Four polyomaviruses namely, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV), John Cunningham Polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) have been associated with the development of specific malignant tumors. However, present evidence only supports the role of MCPyV as a carcinogen to humans. In the present review we present a summarized discussion on the current knowledge concerning the role of MCPyV, TSPyV, JCPyV and BKPyV in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Mann Prado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Telma Alves Monezi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Aline Teixeira Amorim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Vanesca Lino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Andressa Paladino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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13
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Lunn RM, Jahnke GD, Rabkin CS. Tumour virus epidemiology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0266. [PMID: 28893933 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A viral etiology of cancer was first demonstrated in 1911 by Peyton Rous who injected cell-free filtrate from a chicken sarcoma into healthy chickens and found it induced a tumour. Since the discovery over 50 years ago of the Epstein-Barr virus as the cause of Burkitt lymphoma, seven other human viruses or groups of viruses-hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, some human papillomaviruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus-have been linked to human cancer. Collectively, these eight viruses cause over 20 different types of cancer and contribute to 10-12% of all cancer, with a greater burden in low- and middle-income countries. For many viruses, immunosuppression greatly increases the risks of persistent infection, development of chronic sequelae and cancer. Although several viruses share similar routes of transmission (especially sexual activity, injection drug use and mother-to-child transmission), the predominant route of transmission varies across viruses, and for the same virus can vary by geographical location. In general, vulnerable populations at the greatest risk for viral infections and their associated diseases include people, especially children, living in low- to middle-income countries, men who have sex with men, people who use injection drugs and female sex workers.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human oncogenic viruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Lunn
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9760, USA
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Wang H, Sikora P, Rutgersson C, Lindh M, Brodin T, Björlenius B, Larsson DGJ, Norder H. Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:479-488. [PMID: 29402695 PMCID: PMC7106402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sewage contains a mixed ecosystem of diverse sets of microorganisms, including human pathogenic viruses. Little is known about how conventional as well as advanced treatments of sewage, such as ozonation, reduce the environmental spread of viruses. Analyses for viruses were therefore conducted for three weeks in influent, after conventional treatment, after additional ozonation, and after passing an open dam system at a full-scale treatment plant in Knivsta, Sweden. Viruses were concentrated by adsorption to a positively charged filter, from which they were eluted and pelleted by ultracentrifugation, with a recovery of about 10%. Ion Torrent sequencing was used to analyze influent, leading to the identification of at least 327 viral species, most of which belonged to 25 families with some having unclear classification. Real-time PCR was used to test for 21 human-related viruses in inlet, conventionally treated, and ozone-treated sewage and outlet waters. The viruses identified in influent and further analyzed were adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, hepatitis E virus, astrovirus, pecovirus, picobirnavirus, parvovirus, and gokushovirus. Conventional treatment reduced viral concentrations by one to four log10, with the exception of adenovirus and parvovirus, for which the removal was less efficient. Ozone treatment led to a further reduction by one to two log10, but less for adenovirus. This study showed that the amount of all viruses was reduced by conventional sewage treatment. Further ozonation reduced the amounts of several viruses to undetectable levels, indicating that this is a promising technique for reducing the transmission of many pathogenic human viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Sikora
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Genomics Gothenburg, SciLife Labs, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolin Rutgersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Berndt Björlenius
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heléne Norder
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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15
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Hamza H, Hamza IA. Oncogenic papillomavirus and polyomavirus in urban sewage in Egypt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1413-1420. [PMID: 28854484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the occurrence of oncogenic viruses in contaminated water and their potential for waterborne transmission has been reported. We addressed an environmental surveillance of both HPyVs (JCPyV and BKPyV) and HPVs in three wastewater treatment plants in Egypt. A high level of dissemination was found for both viruses. HPyVs (JCPyV and BKPyV) were found in ~73% of examined samples, while HPVs were detected in 30.5%. Sequence analysis of HPV positive samples revealed a wide variety of circulating genotypes representing both anogenital (HPV-6, HPV-16, HPV-53, HPV-44, HPV-31, HPV-43) and cutaneous (HPV-37, HPV-21, HPV-120, HPV-111, HPV-5) types. In addition, two unclassified sequences were identified, suggesting putative types. The median concentrations of HPyVs in inflow samples were 3.03×1005, 3.9×1005, and 1.44×1005GC/l in the three WWTPs, respectively. Whereas, the viral concentration in outflow reduced by one order of magnitude in WWTP-A and WWTP-C and two orders of magnitude in WWTP-B. On the other hand, the mean concentration of the quantified HPVs positive samples was 1.68×1003GC/l for inflow and a quite similar pattern in the outflow as well. These data provide an evidence about the actual circulation pattern of both viruses in the population. Also, the high abundance of HPyVs supports its potential as a possible fecal indicator. However, further investigations are required for both viruses to elucidate the potential health risk via contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Hamza
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Hamza
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Rampelli S, Turroni S, Schnorr SL, Soverini M, Quercia S, Barone M, Castagnetti A, Biagi E, Gallinella G, Brigidi P, Candela M. Characterization of the human DNA gut virome across populations with different subsistence strategies and geographical origin. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4728-4735. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Stephanie L. Schnorr
- Department of Anthropology, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Sara Quercia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Castagnetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Giorgio Gallinella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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17
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Di Bonito P, Iaconelli M, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Della Libera S, Bonadonna L, La Rosa G. Detection of oncogenic viruses in water environments by a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:549-555. [PMID: 28704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies documented the detection of viruses strongly associated with human cancer in urban sewages and other water environments worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of human oncogenic viruses in environmental samples (sewage, river, marine, and pool/spa water) using highly sensitive and specific multiplex bead-based assays (Luminex technology). A total of 33 samples were analysed for 140 oncogenic viral agents, including mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs), human polyomaviruses (HPyV), human herpesviruses (HHV) and mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV). Eighty-eight percent of the samples tested positive for at least one viral pathogen and the simultaneous presence of more than one virus was frequent (mean number of positivities/sample = 3.03). A total of 30 different Alpha, Beta and Gamma HPVs were detected, including mucosal and cutaneous types. The high-risk type HPV16 was the most frequently detected virus, identified in 73% of the samples. Of the 12 HPyVs tested, only two (BKPyV and MCPyV) were detected. At least one of these two was present in 48% of the samples. MMTV was detected in 21% of the samples, while herpesviruses - HHV-6 and HHV-1 - were detected in two samples (6%). The present study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the occurrence of oncogenic viruses belonging to different families and species in diverse water environments, and the first to successfully use, in environmental samples, a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents. Our findings, showing that oncogenic viruses are ubiquitous in water environments, pave the way for future studies on the fate of these pathogens in water environments as well as on their potential for transmission via the waterborne route.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - T Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - L Bonadonna
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Barth H, Solis M, Kack-Kack W, Soulier E, Velay A, Fafi-Kremer S. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for the Study of Human Polyomavirus Infection. Viruses 2016; 8:E292. [PMID: 27782080 PMCID: PMC5086624 DOI: 10.3390/v8100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments of genome amplification techniques have rapidly expanded the family of human polyomaviruses (PyV). Following infection early in life, PyV persist in their hosts and are generally of no clinical consequence. High-level replication of PyV can occur in patients under immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy and causes severe clinical entities, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, polyomavirus-associated nephropathy or Merkel cell carcinoma. The characterization of known and newly-discovered human PyV, their relationship to human health, and the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the most widely-used in vitro and in vivo models to study the PyV-host interaction, pathogenesis and anti-viral drug screening. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the different models and the lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Barth
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Morgane Solis
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Wallys Kack-Kack
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eric Soulier
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Aurélie Velay
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Stewart AL, Lorts AR, Seal EL, Takas NJ, Fortenberry RC. The role of sodium ions in the solubility of peptides. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Yinda CK, Rector A, Zeller M, Conceição-Neto N, Heylen E, Maes P, Ghogomu SM, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J. A single bat species in Cameroon harbors multiple highly divergent papillomaviruses in stool identified by metagenomics analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:74-80. [PMID: 32289018 PMCID: PMC7103942 DOI: 10.1016/j.virep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A number of PVs have been described in bats but to the best of our knowledge not from feces. Using a previously described NetoVIR protocol, Eidolon helvum pooled fecal samples (Eh) were treated and sequenced by Illumina next generation sequencing technology. Two complete genomes of novel PVs (EhPV2 and EhPV3) and 3 partial sequences (BATPV61, BATPV890a and BATPV890b) were obtained and analysis showed that the EhPV2 and EhPV3 major capsid proteins cluster with and share 60-64% nucleotide identity with that of Rousettus aegyptiacus PV1, thus representing new species of PVs within the genus Psipapillomavirus. The other PVs clustered in different branches of our phylogenetic tree and may potentially represent novel species and/or genera. This points to the vast diversity of PVs in bats and in Eidolon helvum bats in particular, therefore adding support to the current concept that PV evolution is more complex than merely strict PV-host co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kwe Yinda
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Rector
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nádia Conceição-Neto
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- University of Buea, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Unit, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
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Iaconelli M, Petricca S, Libera SD, Di Bonito P, La Rosa G. First Detection of Human Papillomaviruses and Human Polyomaviruses in River Waters in Italy. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2015; 7:309-15. [PMID: 26049729 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne exposure to human viruses is possible through contact with contaminated water environments and can result in infections associated with a wide range of illnesses, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, ear, ocular, and skin infections. Recently, the occurrence in water environments of two groups of human viruses-both known with oncogenic potential, human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) and papillomaviruses (HPVs)-has been reported worldwide. These viruses, responsible for highly prevalent infections worldwide, have recently been proposed as potentially emerging waterborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to examine the occurrence of HPyVs and HPVs in surface waters, by monitoring two rivers in Northwestern Italy, by nested PCR assays and sequencing. HPyVs (JC, BK, and Merkel cell polyomavirus) were detected in 10/25 (40%) samples. HPVs (HPV8, 17, 21, 25, 32, 80, 99, 105, and putative new HPVs) were identified in 14/25 (56%) river samples. The number of HPV DNA copies in waters was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first detection and quantification of HPVs in surface waters. The possibility that HPyVs and HPVs can be transmitted by the waterborne route deserves to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petricca
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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22
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DeLuca IJ, Patel VA, Pereira MR, Grossman ME. A new polyomavirus-related dermatosis in a pancreatic transplant patient. JAAD Case Rep 2015; 1:S38-40. [PMID: 27051808 PMCID: PMC4809577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana J DeLuca
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Marcus R Pereira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Marc E Grossman
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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23
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La Rosa G, Della Libera S, Petricca S, Iaconelli M, Briancesco R, Paradiso R, Semproni M, Di Bonito P, Bonadonna L. First detection of papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pool waters: unrecognized recreational water-related pathogens? J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1683-91. [PMID: 26249276 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Viral outbreaks associated with swimming pools have been described worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine the extent of viral contamination in indoor and outdoor swimming pools. METHODS AND RESULTS Pools were examined for the presence of human enteric viruses (adenovirus, norovirus and enterovirus) and nonenteric viruses (papillomavirus and polyomavirus-BK, JC, KI, WU and Merkel cell). Bacteriological parameters were also evaluated. The analysed pool waters met microbiological quality standards. Enteric viruses were not detected. On the other hand, papillomaviruses (HPV8, 12, 23, 25, 120 and unclassified HPVs) and polyomaviruses (JC and Merkel cell polyomaviruses) were detected in 9/14 samples (64%). The number of HPV DNA copies in pool waters, measured by quantitative Real-time PCR, ranged from 1.27E+04 to 1.13E+05/10L. CONCLUSION Results show that a variety of nonenteric viruses may be discharged in pool waters by various secretions and excretions from infected individuals or asymptomatic carriers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on human papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pools. The likelihood that these viruses can be transmitted by recreational activities deserves to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petricca
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Briancesco
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Paradiso
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Semproni
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Parasitic Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Bonadonna
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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24
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Di Bonito P, Libera SD, Petricca S, Iaconelli M, Accardi L, Muscillo M, La Rosa G. Frequent and abundant Merkel cell polyomavirus detection in urban wastewaters in Italy. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2015; 7:1-6. [PMID: 25326200 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses strongly associated with human cancer have recently been detected in urban sewages and other water environments worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a newly discovered, potentially oncogenic human virus, in urban sewage samples collected at wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) in Italy. A total of 131 raw sewage samples were collected from 21 WTPs in nine Italian regions and analyzed by both qualitative (PCR/nested) and quantitative (Real-Time qRT-PCR) methods. Of these, 66 samples (50.3 %) were positive for MCPyV by the qualitative assay. Quantitative data showed high viral loads in wastewaters (mean, 1.5E + 05 genome copies/liter). High concentrations of MCPyV were found in all WTPs under study, suggesting a wide circulation of the virus and thus the need for further studies to assess possible waterborne MCPyV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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25
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Di Bonito P, Della Libera S, Petricca S, Iaconelli M, Sanguinetti M, Graffeo R, Accardi L, La Rosa G. A large spectrum of alpha and beta papillomaviruses are detected in human stool samples. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:607-613. [PMID: 25398789 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.071787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been detected in urban wastewaters, demonstrating that epitheliotropic viruses can find their way into sewage through the washing of skin and mucous membranes. Papillomavirus shedding through faeces is still an unexplored issue. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of HPVs in stool samples. We analysed 103 faecal specimens collected from hospitalized patients with diarrhoea using validated primers able to detect α, β and γ HPVs. PCR products underwent sequencing analysis and sequences were aligned to reference genomes from the Papillomavirus Episteme database. A total of 15 sequences were characterized from the faecal samples. Thirteen samples (12.6 %) were positive for nine genotypes belonging to the α and β genera: HPV32 (LR, α1), HPV39 (HR, α7), HPV44 (LR, α10), HPV8 (β1), HPV9, HPV23, HPV37, HPV38 and HPV120 (β2). Two putative novel genotypes of the β genus, species 1 and 2, were also detected. The tissue(s) of origin is unknown, since faeces can collect HPVs originating from or passing through the entire digestive system. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation on the occurrence and diversity of HPVs in faecal samples. Results from this study demonstrate that HPVs can find their way into sewage as a consequence of shedding in the faeces. This highlights the need for further studies aimed at understanding the prevalence of HPV in different water environments and the potential for waterborne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Bonito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious Parasitic Immune-Mediated Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Della Libera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petricca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Iaconelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Policlinico A. Gemelli, Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalia Graffeo
- Policlinico A. Gemelli, Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Accardi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious Parasitic Immune-Mediated Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Rosa
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Rome, Italy
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26
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Mishra N, Pereira M, Rhodes RH, An P, Pipas JM, Jain K, Kapoor A, Briese T, Faust PL, Lipkin WI. Identification of a novel polyomavirus in a pancreatic transplant recipient with retinal blindness and vasculitic myopathy. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1595-9. [PMID: 24795478 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 33 year-old pancreatic transplant recipient developed weakness, retinal blindness, and necrotic plaques on her face, scalp, and hands. METHODS A muscle biopsy was analyzed by light and electron microscopy and high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing. RESULTS The biopsy revealed microthrombosis and viral particles in swollen endothelial cell nuclei. High-throughput sequencing of nucleic acid revealed a novel polyomavirus. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of the polyomavirus in endothelial cells at sites of myositis and cutaneous necrosis. CONCLUSIONS New Jersey polyomavirus (NJPyV-2013) is a novel polyomavirus that may have tropism for vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Pereira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Roy H Rhodes
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ping An
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Pipas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Phyllis L Faust
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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