1
|
Li Q, Feng Y, Wang R, Liu R, Ba Y, Huang H. Recent insights into autophagy and metals/nanoparticles exposure. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:355-372. [PMID: 37398566 PMCID: PMC10313637 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some anthropogenic pollutants, such as heavy metals and nanoparticles (NPs), are widely distributed and a major threat to environmental safety and public health. In particular, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) have systemic toxicity even at extremely low concentrations, so they are listed as priority metals in relation to their significant public health burden. Aluminum (Al) is also toxic to multiple organs and is linked to Alzheimer's disease. As the utilization of many metal nanoparticles (MNPs) gradually gain traction in industrial and medical applications, they are increasingly being investigated to address potential toxicity by impairing certain biological barriers. The dominant toxic mechanism of these metals and MNPs is the induction of oxidative stress, which subsequently triggers lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and DNA damage. Notably, a growing body of research has revealed the linkage between dysregulated autophagy and some diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Among them, some metals or metal mixtures can act as environmental stimuli and disturb basal autophagic activity, which has an underlying adverse health effect. Some studies also revealed that specific autophagy inhibitors or activators could modify the abnormal autophagic flux attributed to continuous exposure to metals. In this review, we have gathered recent data about the contribution of the autophagy/mitophagy mediated toxic effects and focused on the involvement of some key regulatory factors of autophagic signaling during exposure to selected metals, metal mixtures, as well as MNPs in the real world. Besides this, we summarized the potential significance of interactions between autophagy and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage in the regulation of cell survival response to metals/NPs. A critical view is given on the application of autophagy activators/inhibitors to modulate the systematic toxicity of various metals/MNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Feng
- Department of Environmental Health and Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health and Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health and Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health and Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qaid EYA, Abdullah Z, Zakaria R, Long I. Minocycline Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress: Possible Role of the CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1480-1490. [PMID: 36509985 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress-induced dysregulation of the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein- brain-derived neurotrophic factor (CREB-BDNF) cascade has been linked to cognitive impairment in several studies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of minocycline on the levels of oxidative stress markers, CREB, and BDNF in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment. Fifty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 was an untreated control group. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treated concurrently with LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p) once on day 5 and normal saline (0.7 ml/rat, i.p) or minocycline (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p) or memantine (10 mg/kg, i.p) once daily from day 1 until day 14, respectively. From day 15 to day 22 of the experiment, Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used to evaluate learning and reference memory in rats. The levels of protein carbonyl (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CREB and BDNF expression and density were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, respectively. LPS administration significantly increased escape latency to the hidden platform with decreased travelled distance, swimming speed, target crossings and time spent in the target quadrant. Besides, the hippocampal tissue of LPS rats showed increased levels of PCO and MDA, decreased levels of CAT and SOD, and reduced expression and density of BDNF and CREB. Treatment with minocycline reversed these effects in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the effects of memantine. Both doses of minocycline treatment protect against LPS-induced cognitive impairment by reducing oxidative stress and upregulating the CREB-BDNF signalling pathway in the rat hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Zuraidah Abdullah
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Q, Shi Y, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Ma Z, Wang J, Fan L, Wu L. Proteomic-Based Approach Reveals the Involvement of Apolipoprotein A-I in Related Phenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the BTBR Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315290. [PMID: 36499620 PMCID: PMC9737945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. Further exploration of its underlying biochemical mechanisms is needed. In a search for reliable biomarkers for the pathophysiology of ASD, hippocampal tissues from the ASD model BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice and C57BL/6J mice were analyzed, using four-dimensional (4D) label-free proteomic analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in lipid metabolic pathways. Among them, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a hub protein and its expression was significantly higher in the BTBR mice. The investigation of protein levels (using Western blotting) also confirmed this observation. Furthermore, expressions of SphK2 and S1P in the ApoA-I pathway both increased. Using the SphK inhibitor (SKI-II), ASD core phenotype and phenotype-related protein levels of P-CREB, P-CaMKII, and GAD1 were improved, as shown via behavioral and molecular biology experiments. Moreover, by using SKI-II, we found proteins related to the development and function of neuron synapses, including ERK, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, CDK5 and KCNQ2 in BTBR mice, whose levels were restored to protein levels comparable to those in the controls. Elucidating the possible mechanism of ApoA-I in ASD-associated phenotypes will provide new ideas for studies on the etiology of ASD.
Collapse
|
4
|
He C, Ji J, Zhao X, Lei Y, Li H, Hao Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Liu C, Nie J, Niu Q. The Role of PKC in Regulating NMDARs in Aluminum-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2042-2055. [PMID: 34499332 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is a widespread environmental neurotoxicant that can induce Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like damage, such as neuronal injury and impairment of learning and memory. Several studies have shown that aluminum could reduce the synaptic plasticity, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, rats were treated with aluminum maltol (Al(mal)3) to establish a toxic animal model and PMA was used to interfere with the expression of PKC. The Morris water maze and open field test were used to investigate the behavioral changes of the rats. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of NMDAR subunits, PKC and CaMKII. The results showed that Al(mal)3 damaged learning and memory function and reduced anxiety in rats. During this process, the expression of PKC was downregulated and it inhibited the expression of NMDARs through the phosphorylation of CaMKII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanting He
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard & Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingsi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chengjuan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard & Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard & Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen J, Yang L, Wei W. Role of Fto on CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway of hippocampus in depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic restraint stress mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113227. [PMID: 33677012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorders (MDD) is one of the most common mental illness in the world. Recently, brain m6A /m (fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto) was found that exerted an important role in regulating gene expression involved in stress related depression. However, the potential mechanism of Fto on depression still remains elusive. This study investigated the role of Fto and its downstream signaling pathway in hippocampus on chronic restraint stress induced depressive-like behaviors. METHODS C57BL/6 mice weighing 20-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (Control, Control + Fto-ov, Stress, Stress + Fto-ov). Mice were exposed to chronic restraint stress for 3 consecutive weeks to induce depression model. Mice in the Fto-ov groups were stereotaxic injected with Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus lentivirus (Fto) in hippocampus followed by stress procedure. Depressive-like behaviors were detected after stress procedure. Western blot was used to test hippocampal Fto, p-CaMKII and p-CREB expression. Post synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin levels were detected by PCR. Golgi-Cox staining was used to appraise dendritic spine density and branches. Synaptic morphology in hippocampus was determined by electron microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrated that chronic restraint stress induced depressive-like behaviors, decreased protein expression of Fto, p-CaMKII and p-CREB, reduced levels of synaptic plasticity markers (synaptophysin and PSD95) in hippocampus. Moreover, chronic restraint stress led to synaptic morphology alterations (reduced dendritic spine density and number of branches; thinned postsynaptic density). However, these molecules changes and morphology alterations were reversed by stereotaxic injected recombinant adeno-associated Fto-overexpression virus in hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the modulation of Fto on CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway plays a key role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and then ameliorated chronic restraint stress induced depressive-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui Y, Li X, Zeljic K, Shan S, Qiu Z, Wang Z. Effect of PEGylated Magnetic PLGA-PEI Nanoparticles on Primary Hippocampal Neurons: Reduced Nanoneurotoxicity and Enhanced Transfection Efficiency with Magnetofection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38190-38204. [PMID: 31550131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite broad application of nanotechnology in neuroscience, the nanoneurotoxicity of magnetic nanoparticles in primary hippocampal neurons remains poorly characterized. In particular, understanding how magnetic nanoparticles perturb neuronal calcium homeostasis is critical when considering magnetic nanoparticles as a nonviral vector for effective gene therapy in neuronal diseases. Here, we address the pressing need to systematically investigate the neurotoxicity of magnetic nanoparticles with different surface charges in primary hippocampal neurons. We found that unlike negative and neutral nanoparticles, positively charged magnetic nanoparticles (magnetic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles, MNP-PLGA-PEI NPs) rapidly elevated cytoplasmic calcium levels in primary hippocampal neurons, mainly via extracellular calcium influx regulated by voltage-gated calcium channels. We went on to show that this perturbation of intracellular calcium homeostasis elicited serious cytotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons. However, our next experiment demonstrated that PEGylation on the surface of MNP-PLGA-PEI NPs shielded the surface charge, thereby preventing the perturbation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. That is, PEGylated MNP-PLGA-PEI NPs reduced nanoneurotoxicity. Importantly, biocompatible PEGylated MNP-PLGA-PEI NPs under an external magnetic field enhanced transfection efficiency (>7%) of plasmid DNA encoding GFP in primary hippocampal neurons compared to NPs without external magnetic field mediation. Moreover, under an external magnetic field, this system achieved gene transfection in the hippocampus of the C57 mouse. Overall, this study is the first to successfully employ biocompatible PEGylated MNP-PLGA-PEI NPs for transfection using a magnetofection strategy in primary hippocampal neurons, thereby providing a nanoplatform as a new perspective for treating neuronal diseases or modulating neuron activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Cui
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience , CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience , CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
- School of Basic Medical Science , Fudan University , 138 Yixueyuan Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience , CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shifang Shan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience , CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience , CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience , CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 Jiaochang East Road , Kunming , Yunnan 650223 , China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology , 100 Haike Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Q, Wu H, Zou M, Li L, Li Q, Sun C, Xia W, Cao Y, Wu L. Folic acid improves abnormal behavior via mitigation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and ferroptosis in the BTBR T+ tf/J mouse model of autism. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Chen S, Zhou M, Sun J, Guo A, Fernando RL, Chen Y, Peng P, Zhao G, Deng Y. DPP-4 inhibitor improves learning and memory deficits and AD-like neurodegeneration by modulating the GLP-1 signaling. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107668. [PMID: 31199957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling in the brain plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, which is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we detected the GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in AD human brain and APP/PS1/Tau transgenic (3xTg) mice brain, finding that they were both decreased in AD human and mice brain. Enhanced GLP-1 exerts its protective effects on AD, however, this is rapidly degraded into inactivated metabolites by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), resulting in its extremely short half-time. DPP-4 inhibitors, thus, was applied to improve the level of GLP-1 and GLP-1R expression in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice brains. It is also protected learning and memory and synaptic proteins, increased the O-Glycosylation and decreased abnormal phosphorylation of tau and neurofilaments (NFs), degraded intercellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and alleviated neurodegeneration related to GLP-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chen
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai Guo
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Roger Lakmal Fernando
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Tumor Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqiu Deng
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang H. Aluminum-Induced Electrophysiological Variation, Synaptic Plasticity Impairment, and Related Mechanism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1091:161-172. [PMID: 30315454 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1370-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum, an environmentally abundant non-redox trivalent cation, has long been reported to alter blood-brain barrier and gets deposited in different regions of the brain. Many reports strongly indicated that Al had an adverse impact on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly on cognitive ability. Until now, studies in animal models and cell cultures have revealed that Al exposure results in altered behavioral performance and memory damage. The present paper reviews the scientific literature linking aluminum and the impairment of electrophysiological variation and synaptic plasticity. The focus is on the changes of electrical excitability, voltage-operated ion channels, and synaptic plasticity induced by aluminum. A detailed mechanism of the role of aluminum in hippocampal LTP which is the most widely studied example of synaptic plasticity is highlighted. Evidence revealed that glutamate-NO-cGMP, PLC, Ca2+-CaM-CaMKII, MAPK, and Wnt pathway may be important in the mechanism underlying Al-induced long-term memory impairment. Further studies are required to establish the upstream activators and downstream effectors of these cascades and to answer how so many signaling cascades relate to the other signaling processes that might be involved in the Al-induced inhibition of synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pang J, Hu P, Wang J, Jiang J, Lai J. Vorapaxar stabilizes permeability of the endothelial barrier under cholesterol stimulation via the AKT/JNK and NF‑κB signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5291-5300. [PMID: 31059055 PMCID: PMC6522885 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the arterial wall and is characterized by progressive lipid accumulation within the intima of large arteries, leading to the dysfunction of endothelial cells and further destruction of the endothelial barrier and vascular tone. Arterial intima injury accelerates the adhesion and activation of platelets at the injury site. The activation of platelets results in the secretion of growth factors, leading to the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), promoting the formation of plaque, resulting in the formation of thrombus. The present study found that vorapaxar could alleviate the inflammatory response induced by a high concentration of cholesterol stimulation and increase the release of nitric oxide (NO) via the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and regulation of the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). We also found that vorapaxar could reduce the damage of DNA caused by cholesterol stimulation and regulate the cell cycle via the AKT/JNK signaling pathway and its downstream molecules glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‑3β) and connexin 43, maintaining the integrity of the endothelial barrier and proliferation of endothelial cells, serving a protective role in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Pang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200, P.R. China
| | - Peiyang Hu
- Department of Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jifu Lai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang X, Cao Z, Zhang J, Shao B, Song M, Han Y, Li Y. Dendritic spine loss caused by AlCl 3 is associated with inhibition of the Rac 1/cofilin signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1689-1695. [PMID: 30300874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has neurotoxicity that can result in cognitive dysfunction. Hippocampal dendritic spine loss is a pathological characteristic of cognitive dysfunction. Our previous study reported that Al exposure caused dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, rats were orally administered 50, 150 or 450 mg/kg of AlCl3 for 90 days. The dendritic spine density of the CA1 and DG regions was detected by Golgi-Cox staining. The F-actin/G-actin ratio, the expression of drebrin A and the components of the Rac 1/cofilin pathway were measured in the hippocampus. The results obtained showed that AlCl3 caused dendritic spine loss and decreased the F-actin/G-actin ratio. In addition, it was found that AlCl3 downregulated the expression of Rac 1, p-PAK, p-LIMK, p-cofilin and drebrin A and upregulated cofilin expression. Altogether, these results demonstrated that Al inactivated the Rac 1/cofilin pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of cofilin and the polymerization of F-actin, resulting in dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu W, Tan X, Xiong X, Yang J, Xiao X. Effects of hypothermia during propofol anesthesia on learning and memory ability and hippocampal apoptosis in neonatal rats. J Anesth 2018; 33:9-16. [PMID: 30448976 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, the harm of hypothermia to the central nervous system has received a great attention from scholars. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hypothermia on learning and memory abilities and hippocampal apoptosis in neonatal rats and the role of p-ERK and p-CREB in anesthesia. METHODS In this study, 60 Sprague Dawley newborn rats (age 7-day-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20), including Control Group (Group C), Anesthesia Group (Group A), and Anesthesia Hypothermia Group (Group AH). Group C was intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml saline, and rectal temperature was maintained in the range of 38-39 °C; Group A was intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg of propofol (0.1 ml), the 1/2 initial dose was added per each period of 20 min, anesthesia was maintained for 2 h, and rectal temperature was kept in the range of 38-39 °C. The anesthesia mode and duration of Group AH were as same as Group A, room temperature was set to 23 °C, which caused body's temperature naturally dropped down. After the anesthesia recovered, each group randomly involved five rats for analyzing by Western blot to detect the expression level of p-ERK and p-CREB, and other five rates were also analyzed by flow cytometry assay to detect hippocampal apoptosis rate. The remaining 10 rats in each group were kept up to 30 days for conducting the Morris water maze test, five rats were tested for detecting the expression level of p-ERK and p-CREB, as well as hippocampal apoptosis rate in each group. RESULTS Compared with Group C and Group A, the rectal temperature of Group AH was decreased significantly (P < 0.05); At the age of 7 days, compared with Group C and Group A, apoptosis rate of hippocampal tissue in Group AH was increased (P < 0.05), the expression level of p-ERK and p-CREB proteins in Group AH was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between Group C and Group A. At the age of 36 days, there were no significant differences in the results of behavioral test, apoptotic rates, and expression level of the proteins. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that hypothermia during anesthesia can increase the apoptosis rate in the hippocampus of neonatal rats, whose mechanism may be related to the downward adjustment of p-ERK and p-CREB. However, it has no obvious influence on the long-term learning and memory abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, East Hospital of Shaoyang Central Hospital Medical Group, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Xiangang Tan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Xinglong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesia, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin J, Wang H, Hua X, Chen D, Huang C, Chen Z. An outline for the pharmacological effect of icariin in the nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:20-32. [PMID: 30342950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Icariin is a major active component of the traditional herb Epimedium, also known as Horny Goat Weed. It has been extensively studied throughout the past several years and is known to exert anti-oxidative, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. It is now being considered as a potential therapeutic agent for a wide variety of disorders, ranging from neoplasm to cardiovascular disease. More recent studies have shown that icariin exhibits potential preventive and/or therapeutic effects in the nervous system. For example, icariin can prevent the production of amyloid β (1-42) and inhibit the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariin has been shown to mitigate pro-inflammatory responses of microglia in culture and in animal models of cerebral ischemia, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Icariin also prevents the neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ibotenic acid, and homocysteine. In addition, icariin is implicated in facilitating learning and memory in both normal aging animals and disease models. To date, we still have no consolidated source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of icariin in the nervous system, though its roles in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. Here, we summarize the pharmacological development of icariin as well as its possible mechanisms in prevention and/or therapy of disorders afflicting the nervous system in hope of expanding the knowledge about the preventive and/or therapeutic effect of icariin in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes lane, Piscataway, 08854 New Jersey, United States
| | - Xiaoying Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital, #999 Liangxi Road, Wu xi, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ge QD, Tan Y, Luo Y, Wang WJ, Zhang H, Xie C. MiR-132, miR-204 and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway may be involved in spatial learning and memory impairment of the offspring rats caused by fluorine and aluminum exposure during the embryonic stage and into adulthood. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 63:60-68. [PMID: 30172012 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine and aluminium are nervous system poisons, but it remains unclear whether combined fluorine and aluminium exposure damages spatial learning and memory and, if so, by what mechanism. This study showed that exposure to fluorine and aluminium, either alone or combined, during the embryonic stage and into adulthood caused spatial learning and memory impairment in offspring rats; its mechanism may be associated with increases in miR-132 and miR-204 expression and downregulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway in the hippocampus. The effects of F were obvious, but the effects of Al were slight. There were antagonistic effects between F and Al, with Al reducing the toxicity of F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Di Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu H, Zhang Q, Gao J, Sun C, Wang J, Xia W, Cao Y, Hao Y, Wu L. Modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) attenuates spatial learning and memory impairments in the valproic acid rat model of autism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:873-886. [PMID: 29218394 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders that manifest in early childhood, and it is growing up to be a major cause of disability in children. However, the etiology and treatment of ASD are not well understood. In our previous study, we found that serum levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) were increased significantly in children with autism, indicating that S1P levels may be involved in ASD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify a link between increased levels of S1P and neurobehavioral changes in autism. METHODS We utilized a valproic acid (VPA) -induced rat model of autism to evaluate the levels of S1P and the expression of sphingosine kinase (SphK), a key enzyme for S1P production, in serum and hippocampal tissue. Furthermore, we assessed cognitive functional changes and histopathological and neurochemical alterations in VPA-exposed rats after SphK blockade to explore the possible link between increased levels of S1P and neurobehavioral changes in autism. RESULTS We found that SphK2 and S1P are upregulated in hippocampal tissue from VPA-exposed rats, while pharmacological inhibition of SphK reduced S1P levels, attenuated spatial learning and memory impairments, increased the expression of phosphorylated CaMKII and CREB and autophagy-related proteins, inhibited cytochrome c release, decreased the expression of apoptosis related proteins, and protected against neuronal loss in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that an increased level of SphK2/S1P is involved in the spatial learning and memory impairments of autism, and this signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic target and direction for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jingquan Gao
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yanqiu Hao
- Department of pediatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shabani S, Farbood Y, Mard SA, Sarkaki A, Ahangarpour A, Khorsandi L. The regulation of pituitary-thyroid abnormalities by peripheral administration of levothyroxine increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and reelin protein expression in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:275-280. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with decreased serum levels of thyroid hormones (THs), increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and decreased protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and reelin in the hippocampus. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of subcutaneous administration of levothyroxine (L-T4) on levels of THs and TSH as well as protein expression of BDNF and reelin in AD rats. To make an animal model of AD, amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plus ibotenic acid were infused intrahippocampally, and rats were treated with L-T4 and (or) saline for 10 days. The levels of THs and TSH were measured by ELISA kits. Protein synthesis was detected by Western blotting method. Results have been shown that serum level of THs, BDNF, and reelin protein expression in the hippocampus were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in AD animals and elevated significantly in AD rats treated with L-T4 (P < 0.01). Data showed that TSH level significantly decreased in AD rats treated with L-T4 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that L-T4 increased BDNF and reelin protein expression by regulation of serum THs and TSH level in Aβ-induced AD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahreh Shabani
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao J, Wang B, Wang X, Shang X. Up-regulation of Ca 2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling in salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:71-76. [PMID: 29427172 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in a rat tinnitus model. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC), normal saline (NS), and tinnitus model (TM) groups. Tinnitus model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of salicylate. The concentration of intracellular calcium level in auditory cortex cells was determined using Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2 AM) method with fluorospectrophotometer. Expressions of calmodulin (CaM), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit (NR2B), calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were detected with Western blot. Tinnitus model was successfully established by the intraperitoneal administration of salicylate in rats. Compared with rats in NC and NS groups, salicylate administration significantly elevated CaM, NR2B, phospho-CaMKII and phospho-CREB expression in auditory cortex from tinnitus model group (p < 0.05), and the free intracellular Ca2+ concentrations (p < 0.05). Our data reveal that salicylate administration causes tinnitus symptoms and elevates Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in auditory cortex cells. Our study likely provides a new understanding of the development of tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiuli Shang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Abdollahi M, Heidari M, Madjd Z. Topiramate Confers Neuroprotection Against Methylphenidate-Induced Neurodegeneration in Dentate Gyrus and CA1 Regions of Hippocampus via CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:373-399. [PMID: 28078543 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) abuse can cause serious neurological damages. The neuroprotective effects of topiramate (TPM) have been reported already, but its mechanism of action still remains unclear. The current study evaluates in vivo role of CREB/BDNF in TPM protection of the rat hippocampal cells from methylphenidate-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A total of 60 adult male rats were divided into six groups. Groups 1 and 2 received normal saline (0.7 ml/rat) and MPH (10 mg/kg) respectively for 14 days. Groups 3 and 4 were concurrently treated with MPH (10 mg/kg) and TPM 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively for 14 days. Groups 5 and 6 were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg TPM only respectively. After drug administration, open field test (OFT) was used to investigate motor activity. The hippocampus was then isolated and the apoptotic, antiapoptotic, oxidative, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors were measured. Expression of the total and phosphorylated CREB and BDNF in gene and protein levels, and gene expression of Ak1, CaMK4, MAPK3, PKA, and c-Fos levels were also measured. MPH significantly decreased motor activity in OFT. TPM (50 and 100 mg/kg) decreased MPH-induced motor activity disturbance. Additionally, MPH significantly increased Bax protein level, CaMK4 gene expression, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, mitochondrial GSH, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in isolated hippocampal cells. Also CREB, in total and phosphorylated forms, BDNF and Bcl-2 protein levels, Ak1, MAPK3, PKA and c-Fos gene expression, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities decreased significantly by MPH. TPM (50 and 100 mg/kg), both in the presence and absence of MPH, attenuated the effects of MPH. Immunohistochemistry data showed that TPM increased localization of the total and phosphorylated forms of CREB in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 areas of the hippocampus. It seems that TPM can be used as a neuroprotective agent against apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by frequent use of MPH. This might be probably mediated by the CREB/BDNF and their upstream signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center & Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat high way, Beside Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14525, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center & Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat high way, Beside Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14525, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center and Department of pathology, Faculty of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prenatal Stress Impairs Spatial Learning and Memory Associated with Lower mRNA Level of the CAMKII and CREB in the Adult Female Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1496-1503. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Wu H, Wang X, Gao J, Liang S, Hao Y, Sun C, Xia W, Cao Y, Wu L. Fingolimod (FTY720) attenuates social deficits, learning and memory impairments, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the rat model of autism. Life Sci 2017; 173:43-54. [PMID: 28161158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of FTY720 on the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. MAIN METHODS As an animal model of autism, we used intraperitoneal injection of VPA on embryonic day 12.5 in Wistar rats. The pups were given FTY720 orally at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/kg daily from postnatal day 15 to 35. Social behavior, spatial learning and memory were assessed at the end of FTY720 treatment. The histological change, oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory responses, and apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS FTY720 (1mg/kg) administration to VPA-exposed rats (1) improved social behavior, spatial learning and memory impairment; (2) resulted in a reduction in neuronal loss and apoptosis of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 regions; (3) inhibited activation of microglial cells, in turn lowering the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the hippocampus; (4) changed Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the hippocampus; (6) inhibited the elevated Bax and caspase-3 protein levels and enhanced the relative expression level of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus; and (7) increased phospho-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phospho-cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) protein expression in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE FTY720 rescues social deficit, spatial learning and memory impairment in VPA-exposed rats. FTY720 exerts both a direct protection for neurons and an indirect modulation of inflammation-mediated neuron loss as a possible mechanism of neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xuelai Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jingquan Gao
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yanqiu Hao
- Department of pediatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han F, Zhou D, Yin X, Sun Z, Han J, Ye L, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zheng L. Paeoniflorin protects diabetic mice against myocardial ischemic injury via the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1/calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:37. [PMID: 27252827 PMCID: PMC4888521 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus has multiple complications including neuropathy and increases cardiovascular events. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside, plays an essential role in neuroprotection and ischemic heart disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that PF protects mice with diabetes mellitus against myocardial ischemic injury, and determine its associated mechanisms. Results Myocardial infarction (MI) was generated in the streptozotocin-mediated diabetic mice, which were pretreated with either vehicle or PF, respectively. Myocardial infarct size, myocardial enzyme, cardiac function, circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration, histological analysis and the expression of associated molecules were determined and compared among different experimental groups. Compared to diabetic hearts pretreated with vehicle, hearts pretreated with PF exhibited less tissue damage and better CGRP concentration in serum when subjected to myocardial ischemia. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) gene knockout attenuated PF-mediated cardioprotection. Moreover, a specific Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) inhibitor, KN-93, increased tissue damage and decreased CGRP activity in serum. Meanwhile, pretreated with PF increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Conclusions Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PF protects diabetic mice against MI at least partially via the TRPV1/CaMK/CREB/CGRP signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Dongchen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Wengting Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu J, Zhang M, Li H, Sun X, Hao S, Ji M, Yang J, Li K. BDNF pathway is involved in the protective effects of SS-31 on isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in aging mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Cao Z, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Huang W, Xu F, Zhuang C, Wang X, Li Y. Aluminum chloride induces neuroinflammation, loss of neuronal dendritic spine and cognition impairment in developing rat. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:289-95. [PMID: 26946116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is present in the daily life of humans, and the incidence of Al contamination increased in recent years. Long-term excessive Al intake induces neuroinflammation and cognition impairment. Neuroinflammation alter density of dendritic spine, which, in turn, influence cognition function. However, it is unknown whether increased neuroinflammation is associated with altered density of dendritic spine in Al-treated rats. In the present study, AlCl3 was orally administrated to rat at 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg for 90d. We examined the effects of AlCl3 on the cognition function, density of dendritic spine in hippocampus of CA1 and DG region and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MHC II, CX3CL1 and BNDF in developing rat. These results showed exposure to AlCl3 lead to increased mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCH II, decreased mRNA levels of CX3CL1 and BDNF, decreased density of dendritic spine and impaired learning and memory in developing rat. Our results suggest AlCl3 can induce neuroinflammation that may result in loss of spine, and thereby leads to learning and memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cuicui Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Suihua Food and Drug Administration, Suihua, 152000, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Protective effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) modulator, against behavioral, biochemical and structural damage in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1642:397-408. [PMID: 27084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheime's disease (AD) is an overwhelming neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by synaptic dysfunction, memory loss, neuro-inflammation and neural cell death. Very few treatments are in hand for the management of AD and they are only concentrating on peculiar aspects. Hence, an immense thrust is required to find utmost therapeutic targets to conquer this condition. This study investigates a potential role of vanillin, a selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) in the experimental models of AD viz. intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) streptozotocin (STZ) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)+d-galactose induced AD in mice. The i.c.v. administration of STZ and intraperitoneally administration of AlCl3+d-galactose have significantly impaired learning-memory (Morris water maze and attentional set-shifting test), brain structure (hematoxylin, eosin and Congo red staining), enhanced brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance - TBARS and glutathione - GSH), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), inflammation (MPO), and calcium levels (Ca(++)). Treatment with vanillin in different doses and donepezil have significantly ameliorated i.c.v. STZ and AlCl3+d-galactose induced reduction in executive function, impaired reversal learning, cognition, memory and brain damage. Treatment with these drugs has also reduced the brain oxidative stress (TBARS and GSH), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), and AChE, MPO, and Ca(++) levels. These results indicate that vanillin, a selective agonist of TRPV1 and donepezil, a potent acetylcholine esterase inhibitor have attenuated i.c.v. STZ and AlCl3+d-galactose induced experimental AD. Hence, pharmacological positive modulation of TRPV1 channels may be a potential research target for mitigation of AD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pharmacological benefits of selective modulation of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) in experimental Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 140:39-50. [PMID: 26577751 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that pervasively affects the population across the world. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for this and existing drugs merely slow the progression of cognitive function decline. Thus, massive effort is required to find an intended therapeutic target to overcome this condition. The present study has been framed to investigate the ameliorative role of selective modulator of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), 1-phenylisatin in experimental AD condition. We have induced experimental AD in mice by using two induction models viz., intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)+d-galactose. Morris water maze (MWM) and attentional set shifting test (ASST) were used to assess learning and memory. Hematoxylin-eosin and Congo red staining were used to examine the structural variation in brain. Brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and glutathione), nitric oxide levels (nitrites/nitrates), acetyl cholinesterase activity, myeloperoxidase and calcium levels were also estimated. i.c.v. STZ as well as AlCl3+d-galactose have impaired spatial and reversal learning with executive functioning, increased brain oxidative and nitrosative stress, cholinergic activity, inflammation and calcium levels. Furthermore, these agents have also enhanced the burden of Aβ plaque in the brain. Treatment with 1-phenylisatin and donepezil attenuated i.c.v. STZ as well as AlCl3+d-galactose induced impairment of learning-memory, brain biochemistry and brain damage. Hence, this study concludes that CB2 receptor modulation can be a potential therapeutic target for the management of AD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Singla N, Dhawan DK. Modulation of (14) C-labeled glucose metabolism by zinc during aluminium induced neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1434-41. [PMID: 25908409 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most prominent metals in the environment and is responsible for causing several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that is involved in regulating brain development and function. The present study investigates the protective potential of Zn in the uptake of (14) C-labeled amino acids and glucose and their turnover in rat brain slices during Al intoxication. Male Sprague Dawley rats (140-160 g) were divided into four different groups: normal control, Al treated (100 mg/kg body weight/day via oral gavage), Zn treated (227 mg/liter in drinking water), and Al + Zn treated. Radiorespirometric assay revealed an increase in glucose turnover after Al exposure that was attenuated after Zn treatment. Furthermore, the uptake of (14) C-labeled glucose was increased after Al treatment but was appreciably decreased upon Zn supplementation. In addition, the uptakes of (14) C-lysine, (14) C-leucine, and (14) C-aspartic acid were also found to be elevated following Al exposure but were decreased after Zn treatment. Al treatment also caused alterations in the neurohistoarchitecture of the brain, which were improved after Zn coadministration. Therefore, the present study suggests that Zn provides protection against Al-induced neurotoxicity by regulating glucose and amino acid uptake in rats, indicating that Zn could be a potential candidate for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - D K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao Y, Xiao M, He W, Cai Z. Minocycline upregulates cyclic AMP response element binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of cerebral ischemia rats and improves behavioral deficits. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:507-16. [PMID: 25750531 PMCID: PMC4348135 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s73836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) plays an important role in the mechanism of cognitive impairment and is also pivotal in the switch from short-term to long-term memory. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) seems a promising avenue in the treatment of cerebral ischemia injury since this neurotrophin could stimulate structural plasticity and repair cognitive impairment. Several findings have displayed that the dysregulation of the CREB-BDNF cascade has been involved in cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebral ischemia on learning and memory as well as on the levels of CREB, phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), and BDNF, and to determine the effect of minocycline on CREB, pCREB, BDNF, and behavioral functional recovery after cerebral ischemia. METHODS The animal model was established by permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries. Behavior was evaluated 5 days before decapitation with Morris water maze and open-field task. Four days after permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries, minocycline was administered by douche via the stomach for 4 weeks. CREB and pCREB were examined by Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. BDNF was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS The model rats after minocycline treatment swam shorter distances than control rats before finding the platform (P=0.0007). The number of times the platform position was crossed for sham-operation rats was more than that of the model groups in the corresponding platform location (P=0.0021). The number of times the platform position was crossed for minocycline treatment animals was significantly increased compared to the model groups in the corresponding platform position (P=0.0016). CREB, pCREB, and BDNF were downregulated after permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries in the model group. Minocycline increased the expression of CREB, pCREB, and BDNF, and improved cognitive suffered from impairment of permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries. CONCLUSION Minocycline improved cognitive impairment from cerebral ischemia via enhancing CREB, pCREB, and BDNF activity in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|