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Grandini NA, Costa MR, Gregolin CS, Siqueira JS, Vieira TA, Togneri Ferron AJ, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Romualdo GR, Lúcia Dos Anjos Ferreira A, Aldini G, Corrêa CR, Moreto F. Effects of carnosine supplementation on markers for the pathophysiological development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a diet-induced model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 582:112138. [PMID: 38147954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in sugar and fat is related to the development of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and has been studied for treating diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of CAR on diet-induced MASLD in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed into 2 groups (17 weeks): normocaloric (Co, n = 12), and hypercaloric diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates (MASLD, n = 12). After, the animals were redistributed to begin the treatment with CAR (4 weeks): Co (n = 6), Co + CAR (n = 6), MASLD (n = 6), and MASLD + CAR (n = 6), administered intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg). Evaluations included nutritional, hormonal and metabolic parameters; hepatic steatosis, inflammatory and oxidative markers. MASLD group had a higher adiposity index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, plasma and liver triglycerides and cholesterol, insulin, hepatic steatosis, oxidative markers, and lower PPAR-α (Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor α), compared to the Co. CAR attenuated plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels, hepatic steatosis, CD68+ macrophages, and hepatic oxidative markers, in addition to increasing HDL cholesterol levels and PPAR-α, compared to the untreated MASLD group. CAR acts in importants pathophysiological processes of MASLD and may be a therapeutic compound to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, 18618687, Botucatu, Brazil
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Gubur S, Ercan A, Coskun Yazici Z. Protective effects of green tea on blood and liver of rats fed with high fructose diet. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of green tea on lipid profile, liver tissue damage, and oxidative stress in rats fed a diet including high fructose. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Fructose (F), Green Tea (GT), and F+GT. F and F+GT groups were given 20% fructose in the drinking water for eight weeks. Green tea (2 mg kg−1) was administrated to GT and F+GT groups by oral gavage for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters in serum and oxidative stress markers in the liver were analysed. The liver sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. As of the 3rd week of the experiment, the body weight of rats in the F group showed a statistically significant increase in comparison with the F+GT group. The serum glucose and triglyceride levels of the F+GT group significantly decreased when compared with the F group. The fructose-induced degenerative changes in the liver were reduced with green tea. Green tea may serve a protective role against hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in rats fed a high fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gubur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Ercan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Z.M. Coskun Yazici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Vojnović Milutinović D, Gligorovska L, Bursać B, Elaković I, Djordjevic A. Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:749328. [PMID: 34869524 PMCID: PMC8632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.749328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are frequently related to modern lifestyle and are characterized by excessive fructose intake. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome. Since sex-related differences in susceptibility and progression of metabolic disorders are not yet fully understood, our aim was to examine inflammation and insulin signaling in VAT of fructose-fed female and male adult rats. Methods: We analyzed effects of 9-week 10% fructose-enriched diet on energy intake, VAT mass and histology, and systemic insulin sensitivity. VAT insulin signaling and markers of VAT inflammation, and antioxidative defense status were also evaluated. Results: The fructose diet had no effect on VAT mass and systemic insulin signaling in the female and male rats, while it raised plasma uric acid, increased PPARγ level in the VAT, and initiated the development of a distinctive population of small adipocytes in the females. Also, adipose tissue insulin resistance, evidenced by increased PTP1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) inhibitory phosphorylation and decreased Akt activity, was detected. In addition, fructose stimulated the nuclear accumulation of NFκB, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and protein level of macrophage marker F4/80, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione reductase. In contrast to the females, the fructose diet had no effect on plasma uric acid and VAT inflammation in the male rats, but less prominent alterations in VAT insulin signaling were observed. Conclusion: Even though dietary fructose did not elicit changes in energy intake and led to obesity in the females, it initiated the proliferation of small-sized adipocytes capable of storing fats further. In contrast to the males, this state of VAT was accompanied with enhanced inflammation, which most likely contributed to the development of insulin resistance. The observed distinction could possibly originate from sex-related differences in uric acid metabolism. Our results suggest that VAT inflammation could precede obesity and start even before the measurable increase in VAT mass, making it a silent risk factor for the development of T2D. Our results emphasize that adipose tissue dysfunction, rather than its simple enlargement, could significantly contribute to the onset and development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Matthews JJ, Dolan E, Swinton PA, Santos L, Artioli GG, Turner MD, Elliott-Sale KJ, Sale C. Effect of Carnosine or β-Alanine Supplementation on Markers of Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Humans and Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2216-2231. [PMID: 34333586 PMCID: PMC8634390 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that supplementation with carnosine, or its rate-limiting precursor β-alanine, can ameliorate aspects of metabolic dysregulation that occur in diabetes and its related conditions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of carnosine or β-alanine supplementation on markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in humans and animals. We performed a systematic search of 6 electronic databases up to 31 December 2020. Primary outcomes were changes in 1) fasting glucose, 2) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 3) 2-h glucose following a glucose-tolerance test. A set of additional outcomes included fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) 2.0 (human studies) and the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB (animal studies) tools; and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess certainty. We used Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models, with informative priors for human data and noninformative priors for animal data. Inferences were made on posterior samples generated by Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo using 90% credible intervals (90% CrI) and calculated probabilities. Twenty studies (n = 4 human, n = 16 rodent) were included, providing data for 2 primary outcomes (fasting glucose and HbA1c) and 3 additional outcomes (fasting insulin, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR). The model provides evidence that supplementation decreases fasting glucose [humans: mean difference (MD)0.5 = -0.95 mmol · L-1 (90% CrI: -2.1, 0.08); rodent: MD0.5 = -2.26 mmol · L-1 (90% CrI: -4.03, -0.44)], HbA1c [humans: MD0.5 = -0.91% (90% CrI: -1.46, -0.39); rodents: MD0.5 = -1.05% (90% CrI: -1.64, -0.52)], HOMA-IR [humans: standardized mean difference (SMD)0.5 = -0.41 (90% CrI: -0.82, -0.07); rodents: SMD0.5 = -0.63 (90% CrI: -1.98, 0.65)], and fasting insulin [humans: SMD0.5 = -0.41 (90% CrI: -0.77, -0.07)]. GRADE assessment showed our certainty in the effect estimate of each outcome to be moderate (human outcomes) or very low (rodent outcomes). Supplementation with carnosine or β-alanine may reduce fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in humans and rodents, and fasting insulin in humans; both compounds show potential as therapeutics to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020191588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Matthews
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lívia Santos
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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L-Carnosine Stimulation of Coenzyme Q10 Biosynthesis Promotes Improved Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050793. [PMID: 34067694 PMCID: PMC8156016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes leads to oxidative stress, which drives disease progression and diabetes complications. L-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, improves metabolic control, wound healing and kidney function in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, possesses similar protective effects on diabetes complications. We aimed to study the effect of carnosine on CoQ, and assess any synergistic effects of carnosine and CoQ on improved mitochondrial function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Carnosine enhanced CoQ gene expression and increased hepatic CoQ biosynthesis in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. Co-administration of Carnosine and CoQ improved mitochondrial function, lowered ROS formation and reduced signs of oxidative stress. Our work suggests that carnosine exerts beneficial effects on hepatic CoQ synthesis and when combined with CoQ, improves mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance in the liver of diabetic mice. (4) Conclusions: L-carnosine has beneficial effects on oxidative stress both alone and in combination with CoQ on hepatic mitochondrial function in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.
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Menon K, Marquina C, Hoj P, Liew D, Mousa A, de Courten B. Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:939-951. [PMID: 32594145 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem and represents a significant burden of disease globally. Lifestyle interventions have their limitations and an intervention that will effectively address cardiovascular risk factors to help reduce this growing burden of disease is required. OBJECTIVE Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) have exerted positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in animal and human studies. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes in line with the PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES The Medline, Medline in process, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and All EBM databases were searched from inception until January 25, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes, compared with placebo or controls. DATA EXTRACTION Basic characteristics of the study and populations, interventions, and study results were extracted. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 21 studies were included. Of these, 18 were pooled for meta-analysis (n = 913). In low risk of bias studies, HCD-supplemented groups had lower total cholesterol (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.32 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.57 to -0.07], P = 0.01) and triglyceride levels (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; WMD, -0.14 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.20 to -0.08], P < 0.001) compared with controls. In studies using carnosine, triglycerides levels were also lower in the intervention group vs controls (n = 5 RCTS; n = 309; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio between groups. CONCLUSIONS Carnosine and other HCDs may have a role in improving lipid profiles. Larger studies with sufficient follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings and explore the use of HCDs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42017075354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clara Marquina
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pernille Hoj
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Dias DDS, Bernardes N, Stoyell-Conti FF, dos Santos CP, de Araujo AA, Llesuy S, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Impact of combined exercise training on the development of cardiometabolic and neuroimmune complications induced by fructose consumption in hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233785. [PMID: 32521542 PMCID: PMC7286703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of combined exercise training on the development of cardiovascular and neuroimmune complications induced by fructose consumption (10% in the drinking water) in hypertensive rats (SHR). After weaning, SHR were divided into 3 groups: SHR (H), SHR+fructose (HF) and SHR+fructose+combined exercise training (treadmill+ladder, 40-60% of maximum capacity) (HFTC). Metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the subgroups (n = 6 group/time) at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of protocol. Fructose consumption (H vs. HF groups) decreased spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and total variance of pulse interval at day 7 (7 to 60); increased IL-6 and TNFα in the heart (at day 15, 30 and 60) and NADPH oxidase activity and cardiac lipoperoxidation (LPO) (day 60); increased white adipose tissue weight, reduced insulin sensitivity and increased triglycerides (day 60); induced an additional increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (days 30 and 60). Combined exercise training prevented such dysfunctions and sustained increased cardiac IL-10 (day 7) and glutathione redox balance (GSH/GSSG) for the entire protocol. In conclusion, combined exercise training performed simultaneously with exacerbated fructose consumption prevented early cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, probably trigging positive changes in inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in a better cardiometabolic profile in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Paixão dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Susana Llesuy
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Fadda LM, Ali HM, Mohamed AM, Hagar H. Prophylactic administration of carnosine and melatonin abates the incidence of apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rat livers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19142-19150. [PMID: 31055753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDO-ns) are extensively used in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries, discussions about the possible hazards of nanomaterials are just beginning to emerge. This study aimed to detect the inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death induced in the livers of rats exposed to TDO-ns (600 mg/kg, particle size ≤ 100 nm). Furthermore, the modulation of these toxic effects by two potent naturally occurring antioxidants, carnosine (Carno) or melatonin (Melato), was evaluated. The co-administration of carnosine or melatonin to rats intoxicated with TDO-ns significantly attenuated the increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The two agents markedly ameliorated hepatic DNA damage and the alterations in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), cytochrome P450, caspase-3, total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, and triglyceride (TG) levels. These results support the use of Carno or Melato as prophylactic agents against TDO-ns-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Ali
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology Unit (31), Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Po Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Menon K, Marquina C, Liew D, Mousa A, de Courten B. Histidine-containing dipeptides reduce central obesity and improve glycaemic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12975. [PMID: 31828942 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation with histidine-containing dipeptides has been shown to improve obesity and glycaemic outcomes in animal and human studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine these effects. Electronic databases were searched investigating the effects of histidine-containing dipeptides supplementation on anthropometric and glycaemic outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to calculate the weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval. There were 30 studies for the systematic review and 23 studies pooled for meta-analysis. Histidine-containing dipeptide groups had a lower waist circumference (WMD [95% CI] = -3.53 cm [-5.65, -1.41], p = 0.001) and HbA1c level (WMD [95% CI] = -0.76% (8.5 mmol/mol) [-1.29% (14.3 mmol/mol), -0.24% (2.8 mmol/mol)], p = 0.004) at follow-up compared with controls. In sensitivity analyses of studies with low risk of bias, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting glucose levels (WMD [95% CI] = -0.63 mmol/L [-1.09, -0.18], p = 0.006) were significantly lower in intervention groups versus controls. There was also a trend toward lower fat mass (p = 0.09), insulin resistance (p = 0.07), and higher insulin secretion (p = 0.06) in intervention versus control groups. Supplementation with histidine-containing dipeptides may reduce central obesity and improve glycaemic outcomes. Further studies exploring histidine-containing dipeptide use in obesity and diabetes prevention and treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clara Marquina
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Ghodsi R. Carnosine Effect on Advanced Lipoxidation End-Products: a Brief Review on Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Adouni K, Zouaoui O, Chahdoura H, Thouri A, Lamine JB, Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM, Maggi F, Mosbah H, Haouas Z, Neffati F, Achour L. In vitro antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and in vivo protective effect of Asparagus stipularis Forssk aqueous extract against high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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13
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Fadda LM, Attia HA, Al-Rasheed NM, Ali HM, Al-Rasheed NM. Downregulation of flt-1 and HIF-1α Gene Expression by Some Antioxidants in Rats Under Sodium Nitrite-Induced Hypoxic Stress. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818776204. [PMID: 29872369 PMCID: PMC5974571 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818776204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of L-arginine (L-argin), carnosine (carno), or their combination in the amelioration of certain biochemical indices induced in the liver of hypoxic rats. Hypoxia was induced via sodium nitrite (S.nit) injection at a dose of 75 mg/kg. Rats were administered L-argin (250 mg/kg) or carno (250 mg/kg), either alone or in combination, 24 hours and 1 hour prior to S.nit intoxication. Hypoxia significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, in addition to a significant upregulation of hepatic heat shock protein 70 with concurrent reduction in the level of vascular endothelial growth factor. Moreover, hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor 1 (flt-1), hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene expression, and cytochrome P450 levels were elevated, compared with the normoxic group. The antioxidants, administered either alone or in combination, markedly downregulated all of the previously mentioned biomarkers, compared to the hypoxic rats. Histopathological examination revealed hepatocellular degeneration and nuclear pyknosis, in addition to inflammatory cellular infiltration in the hypoxic rats, whereas treatment with the studied antioxidants improved the liver architecture. The present data revealed the efficacy of L-argin and carno in ameliorating the hepatic damage induced via angiogenic markers in response to hypoxia, the combination regimen showing the superior effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Attia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nouf Mohamed Al-Rasheed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Mahmoud Ali
- Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Nawal Mohamed Al-Rasheed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Effect of high chronic intake of sucrose on liver metabolism in aging rats. Modulation by rutin and micronutrients. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:569-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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l -Carnosine supplementation attenuated fasting glucose, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products, and tumor necrosis factor– α levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Nutr Res 2018; 49:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Aydın AF, Bingül İ, Küçükgergin C, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:278-288. [PMID: 29205589 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide useful animal model for type II diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has anti-oxidant and anti-glycating properties. We investigated the effects of CAR on oxidation and glycation products in HFD+STZ rats. Rats were fed with HFD (60% of total calories from fat) for 4 weeks, and then a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were fed with HFD until the end of the 12th week. CAR (250 mg/kg body weight; i.p.; five times a week) was administered to the rats for the last four weeks. CAR significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (57.7%), cholesterol (35.6%) levels and hepatic marker enzyme activities of HFD+STZ rats. It significantly reduced serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23.7%), AGEs (13.4%) and advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) (35.9%) and hepatic TG (59%), ROS (26%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (11.5%), protein carbonyl (PC) (19.2%) and AGE (20.2%) levels. Liver steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were also significantly reduced. However, CAR treatment did not alter serum glucose and blood glycated haemoglobin and hepatic anti-oxidant enzyme activities/mRNA expressions in HFD+STZ rats. Our results indicate that CAR decreased accumulation of oxidation and glycation products, such as MDA, AGE, AOPP and PC in the serum and liver and ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in HFD+STZ rats. This effect may be related to its anti-oxidative, anti-glycating, and anti-lipogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İlknur Bingül
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Küçükgergin
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru Abbasoğlu
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Yılmaz Z, Kalaz EB, Aydın AF, Soluk-Tekkeşin M, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. The effect of carnosine on methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:192-198. [PMID: 28276708 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1296468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is generated from glycolytic metabolites, lipid peroxidation, glucose autooxidation and protein glycation. It is a prooxidant inducing oxidative stress and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Effect of carnosine (CAR) as an antioxidant on toxicity due to MG has generated interest. In this study, rats were given incrementally increased doses (100-300 mg/kg) of MG in drinking water for ten weeks. CAR (250 mg/kg i.p.) was administered with MG. Plasma thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and AGE levels were elevated by MG, and CAR decreased PC, AOPP and AGE levels. MG increased liver reactive oxygen species (ROS), TBARS, PC and AOPP levels, which were decreased by CAR. Thus, in vivo role of CAR on chronic MG administration was observed to suppress the generated hepatic and plasma oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülbiye Yılmaz
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Esra Betül Kalaz
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - A Fatih Aydın
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Merva Soluk-Tekkeşin
- b Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Necla Koçak-Toker
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
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18
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Kadry MO, Ali HM. Downregulation of HIF1-α, Smad-2, AKT, and Bax gene expression in sodium nitrite-induced lung injury via some antioxidants. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai O Kadry
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry; National Research Center; Giza Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mahmoud Ali
- Department of Genetics and Cytology; National Research Center; Dokki Egypt
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19
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Alwahsh SM, Gebhardt R. Dietary fructose as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1545-1563. [PMID: 27995280 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy source for the entire body, while fructose metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Fructose consumption has increased over the last decade globally and is suspected to contribute to the increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome affecting about one-third of the population worldwide and has progressive pathological potential for liver cirrhosis and cancer through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here we have reviewed the possible contribution of fructose to the pathophysiology of NAFLD. We critically summarize the current findings about several regulators, and their potential mechanisms, that have been studied in humans and animal models in response to fructose exposure. A novel hypothesis on fructose-dependent perturbation of liver regeneration and metabolism is advanced. Fructose intake could affect inflammatory and metabolic processes, liver function, gut microbiota, and portal endotoxin influx. The role of the brain in controlling fructose ingestion and the subsequent development of NAFLD is highlighted. Although the importance for fructose (over)consumption for NAFLD in humans is still debated and comprehensive intervention studies are invited, understanding of how fructose intake can favor these pathological processes is crucial for the development of appropriate noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to detect and treat these metabolic effects. Still, lifestyle modification, to lessen the consumption of fructose-containing products, and physical exercise are major measures against NAFLD. Finally, promising drugs against fructose-induced insulin resistance and hepatic dysfunction that are emerging from studies in rodents are reviewed, but need further validation in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamah Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,MCR Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Dr, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Prabhakar P, Reeta KH, Maulik SK, Dinda AK, Gupta YK. α-Amyrin attenuates high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:23-32. [PMID: 27911087 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of α-amyrin (a pentacyclic triterpene) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into different groups. The control group was fed normal rat chow diet. The HFD group was fed HFD (60%; w/w) for 42 days. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was used as a standard drug. α-Amyrin was administered in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally, once daily along with HFD). Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated. Changes in blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were measured. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) were analyzed. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides and a significant decrease in HDL-C were observed in HFD rats as compared with control rats. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were also significantly impaired with HFD. α-Amyrin prevented these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as micro- and macrovesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes caused by HFD were also attenuated by α-amyrin. α-Amyrin preserved the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-α, which was reduced in HFD group. This study thus demonstrates that α-amyrin attenuates HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - K H Reeta
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Subir Kumar Maulik
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- b Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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21
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Castiglione RC, Barros CMMR, Boa BCS, Bouskela E. Microcirculatory effects of zinc on fructose-fed hamsters. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:310-317. [PMID: 26817936 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fructose is a major dietary component directly related to vascular dysfunction and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Zinc is considered a non-pharmacological alternative for treating diabetes due to its antioxidant and hyperglycemia-lowering effects in diabetic animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the microcirculatory parameters of fructose-fed hamsters. METHODS AND RESULTS Male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were fed drinking water substituted by 10% fructose solution for 60 days, whereas control animals were fed drinking water alone. Their microcirculatory function was evaluated using cheek pouch preparation, as well as their blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Their microcirculatory responses to acetylcholine (ACh, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an endothelium-independent vasodilator) as well as the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by 30 min of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were noted. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly increased in control animals with high zinc supplementation compared to the groups without zinc supplementation. Zinc was able to protect against plasma leakage induced by I/R in all control and fructose-fed groups, although the microvascular permeability was higher in animals fed drinking water substituted by 10% fructose solution compared to those fed filtered drinking water alone. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary zinc supplementation can improve microvascular dysfunction by increasing endothelial-dependent dilatation and reducing the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by I/R in fructose-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Castiglione
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - C M M R Barros
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - B C S Boa
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - E Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
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22
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Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B. Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1131-49. [PMID: 26984320 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chronic diseases due to these properties. Carnosine, traditionally used in exercise physiology to increase exercise performance, has potential preventative and therapeutic benefits in obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (CVD and stroke) as well as number of neurological and mental health conditions. However, relatively little evidence is available in humans. Thus, future studies should focus on well-designed clinical trials to confirm or refute a potential role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, in addition to advancing knowledge from the basic science and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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23
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Kalaz EB, Aydın AF, Doğan-Ekici I, Çoban J, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Protective effects of carnosine alone and together with alpha-tocopherol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus ethanol-induced liver injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:23-29. [PMID: 26773358 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carnosine (CAR) alone and together with vitamin E (Vit E) on alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) in rats. ASH was induced by ethanol (3 times; 5 g/kg; 12 h intervals, via gavage), followed by a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg; i.p.). CAR (250 mg/kg; i.p.) and Vit E (200 mg D-α-tocopherol/kg; via gavage) were administered 30 min before and 90 min after the LPS injection. CAR treatment lowered high serum transaminase activities together with hepatic histopathologic improvements in rats with ASH. Reactive oxygen species formation, malondialdehyde levels, myeloperoxidase activities and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen 1α1 (COL1A1) expressions were observed to decrease. These improvements were more remarkable in CAR plus Vit E-treated rats. Our results indicate that CAR may be effective in suppressing proinflammatory, prooxidant, and profibrotic factors in the liver of rats with ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Betül Kalaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Fatih Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Kayışdağı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jale Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Kayışdağı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Zhang S, Ntasis E, Kabtni S, van den Born J, Navis G, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Hauske SJ. Hyperglycemia Does Not Affect Iron Mediated Toxicity of Cultured Endothelial and Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells: Influence of L-Carnosine. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8710432. [PMID: 26788523 PMCID: PMC4691606 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8710432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron has been suggested to affect the clinical course of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as accompanying increased intracellular iron accumulation may provide an alternative source for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although carnosine has proven its therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of T2DM, little is known about its efficacy to protect cells from iron toxicity. We sought to assess if high glucose (HG) exposure makes cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) more susceptible to metal induced toxicity and if this is ameliorated by L-carnosine. HUVECs and PTECs, cultured under normal glucose (5 mM, NG) or HG (30 mM), were challenged for 24 h with FeCl3. Cell viability was not impaired under HG conditions nor did HG increase susceptibility to FeCl3. HG did not change the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin (IREG), and transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC). Irrespective of glucose concentrations L-carnosine prevented toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, only if it was present during the FeCl3 challenge. Hence our study indicates that iron induced cytotoxicity is not enhanced under HG conditions. L-Carnosine displayed a strong protective effect, most likely by chelation of iron mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Emmanouil Ntasis
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Kabtni
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jaap van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- *Benito A. Yard:
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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25
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Blackcurrant Suppresses Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High-Fructose Diet in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:385976. [PMID: 26504474 PMCID: PMC4609398 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased fructose ingestion has been linked to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum; BC) is a horticultural crop in Europe. To induce metabolic syndrome, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 60% high-fructose diet. Treatment with BC (100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) significantly suppressed increased liver weight, epididymal fat weight, C-reactive protein (CRP), total bilirubin, leptin, and insulin in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC markedly prevented increased adipocyte size and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC suppressed oral glucose tolerance and protein expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in muscle. BC significantly suppressed plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL content. BC suppressed endothelial dysfunction by inducing downregulation of endothelin-1 and adhesion molecules in the aorta. Vascular relaxation of thoracic aortic rings by sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine was improved by BC. The present study provides evidence of the potential protective effect of BC against metabolic syndrome by demonstrating improvements in dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity in vivo.
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26
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Fructose-enriched diet induces inflammation and reduces antioxidative defense in visceral adipose tissue of young female rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:151-160. [PMID: 26433940 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The consumption of refined, fructose-enriched food continuously increases and has been linked to development of obesity, especially in young population. Low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders including type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined alterations in inflammation and antioxidative defense system in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of fructose-fed young female rats, and related them to changes in adiposity and insulin sensitivity. METHODS We examined the effects of 9-week fructose-enriched diet applied immediately after weaning on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) intracellular distribution, and on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and key antioxidative enzymes in the VAT of female rats. Insulin signaling in the VAT was evaluated at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein and its inhibitory phosphorylation on Ser307. RESULTS Fructose-fed rats had increased VAT mass along with increased NF-κB nuclear accumulation and elevated IL-1β, but not TNFα expression. The protein levels of antioxidative defense enzymes, mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase 2, and glutathione peroxidase, were reduced, while the protein content of IRS-1 and its inhibitory phosphorylation were not altered by fructose diet. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that fructose overconsumption-related alterations in pro-inflammatory markers and antioxidative capacity in the VAT of young female rats can be implicated in the development of adiposity, but do not affect inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS-1.
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27
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Kumral A, Giriş M, Soluk-Tekkeşin M, Olgaç V, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Türkoğlu Ü, Uysal M. Beneficial effects of carnosine and carnosine plus vitamin E treatments on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26224044 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115597468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing or preventive effect of CAR alone or combination with vitamin E (CAR + Vit E) on DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and brain of rats. METHODS Rats were treated with CAR (250 mg kg(-1) day(-1); intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or CAR + Vit E (equals 200 mg kg(-1) α-tocopherol; once every 3 days; intramuscularly) for 12 consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, rats were injected with a single dose of DOX (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), urea, and creatinine levels; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; and oxidative stress parameters in tissues were measured. We also determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugate, protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. RESULTS DOX resulted in increased serum cTnI, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels and increased lipid peroxide and PC levels in tissues. CAR or CAR + Vit E treatments led to decreases in serum cTnI levels and ALT and AST activities. These treatments reduced prooxidant status and ameloriated histopathologic findings in the examined tissues. CONCLUSION Our results may indicate that CAR alone, especially in combination with Vit E, protect against DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. This was evidenced by improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers and restoration of the prooxidant state and amelioration of histopathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumral
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Giriş
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Soluk-Tekkeşin
- Oncology Institute, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - V Olgaç
- Oncology Institute, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ü Türkoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Aydın AF, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. Carnosine and vitamin E - a promising pair in the combat against testicular oxidative stress in aged rats. Andrologia 2014; 47:1131-8. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - J. Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - I. Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Medical Pathology; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - S. Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - M. Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - N. Koçak-Toker
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
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Develi-Is S, Ozen G, Bekpinar S, Topal G, Unlucerci Y, Dogan BSU, Uysal M. Resveratrol improves high-fructose-induced vascular dysfunction in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:1021-7. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High levels of fructose in the diet results in metabolic abnormalities and vascular disorders. In this study, the effect of resveratrol (RES) on vascular relaxation and contraction responses was examined in the aorta of high-fructose (HFr)-fed rats. mRNA expressions of aortic sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), GLUT5, and aldolase B were also investigated. Rats were given fructose (30%) and (or) RES (50 mg·L−1) in their drinking water for 8 weeks. In the HFr-fed rats, plasma levels of arginine and the ratio of arginine:asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) decreased, whereas leptin levels increased. Decreased relaxation and increased contractile responses were detected in aortic rings. However, the aortic expressions of SIRT1, GLUT5, and aldolase B remained unchanged. RES treatment restored HFr-induced vascular dysfunction without improvements in insulin resistance. Treatment of HFr-fed rats with RES increased plasma levels of arginine and the l-arginine:ADMA ratio, and decreased plasma levels of leptin. RES increased SIRT1 expression, but decreased the expression of GLUT5 and aldolase B in aortas from HFr-fed rats. These results suggest that RES contributes to the restoration of HFr-induced vascular dysfunction in rats, at least in part, by up-regulation of SIRT 1 and down-regulation of GLUT5 and aldolase B in the aorta. Moreover, RES may have a positive influence on vasculature by partly restoring the plasma arginine:ADMA ratio and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Develi-Is
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seldag Bekpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Topal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Unlucerci
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B. Sonmez Uydes Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mujdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Prabhakar P, Reeta KH, Maulik SK, Dinda AK, Gupta YK. Protective effect of thymoquinone against high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1117-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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