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Dos Anjos Souza VR, Vivan L, Seffrin A, Vallini L, de Paula Domingos F, de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Weiss K, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Andrade MS. Impact of aging on maximal oxygen uptake in female runners and sedentary controls. Exp Gerontol 2024; 193:112476. [PMID: 38830478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare V̇O2max (absolute, adjusted to total body mass, and adjusted to lean mass) in recreational runners and sedentary women < and > 50 yr and verify the effect of aging and physical activity level on the three types of V̇O2 max expression. The study included 147 women:85 runners (45.7 ± 14.1 yr) and 62 sedentary controls (48.8 ± 9.8 yr). They were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise testing for V̇O2 max measurement and a body composition test by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry system. V̇O2max were expressed as absolute values (L/min), relative to total body mass values (mL/kg/min), and relative to lean mass values (mL/kgLM/min). The two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction [F(2,131) = 4.43, p < 0.001] and effects of age group [F(2,131) = 32.79, p < 0.001] and physical activity group [F(2,131) = 55.64, p < 0.001] on V̇O2max (mL/min). V̇O2max (mL/kg/min) and V̇O2 max (mL/kgLM/min) were significantly influenced by age and physical activity levels. The multiple regression model explains 76.2 % of the dependent variable V̇O2max (mL/kg/min), age (β = -0.335, t = -7.841, p < 0.001), and physical activity group (β = -0.784, t = -18.351, p < 0.001). In conclusion, female runners had higher V̇O2 max values than sedentary women at all ages, even though aging has a greater impact on V̇O2 max in the runners group. In addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, women's metabolic lean mass function, as measured by V̇O2max adjusted by lean mass, is significantly influenced by aging. Finally, physical activity has a greater impact on V̇O2 max levels than aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lavínia Vivan
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Seffrin
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucca Vallini
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Paula Domingos
- Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- Human and Exercise Physiology Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Alawdi SH, Al-Dholae M, Al-Shawky S. Metabolic syndrome and pharmacotherapy outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2024; 5:1380244. [PMID: 38846018 PMCID: PMC11154905 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1380244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic abnormalities that increase predisposition to several diseases including ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to investigate metabolic syndrome among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and its impact on pharmacotherapy outcomes. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 910 patients with type-2 DM between June and December 2023. Fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), blood pressure, and abdominal obesity were measured. Metabolic syndrome was identified according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Pharmacotherapy outcomes were assessed according to American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association guidelines using the ability to achieve adequate glycemic control and normal levels of blood pressure and fasting plasma lipoproteins. Results In total, 87.5% of type-2 DM patients had metabolic syndrome; the prevalence increased with age and was higher among females. Metabolic syndrome showed the following distribution of risk factors: insulin resistance (100%), low HDL (95.3%), elevated blood pressure (83%), triglycerides dyslipidemia (80.1%), and abdominal obesity (62.5%). Majority of the patients had either 5 or 4 risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia (97.7%) and hypertension (83%). Treatment outcomes were insufficient where adequate glycemic control was only achieved in 12% of type-2 DM patients, and proper management of comorbid dyslipidemia and hypertension was achieved in 29% and 40.9% of patients, respectively. Adequate blood pressure control was less achieved in patients with metabolic syndrome (34.4%) than those without metabolic syndrome (77.2%). Similarly, dyslipidemia was less controlled in patients with metabolic syndrome (26.9%) than in those without metabolic syndrome (47.3%). Conclusion Pharmacotherapy outcomes were inadequate for most patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Adopting early preventive and therapeutic interventions for metabolic syndrome is advised to improve treatment outcomes of the comorbid dyslipidemia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawqi H. Alawdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Syrian Private University (SPU), Damascus, Syria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Mohammed Al-Dholae
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Salah Al-Shawky
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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Yang NI, Kuo LT, Lee CC, Ting MK, Wu IW, Chen SW, Hsu KH. Associations of Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Body Surface Scanning Measurements and Coronary Artery Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030570. [PMID: 36984571 PMCID: PMC10056801 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The relationship between three-dimensional (3D) scanning-derived body surface measurements and biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed. Methods and Methods: The recruitment of 98 patients with CAD confirmed by cardiac catheterization and 98 non-CAD patients were performed between March 2016 and December 2017. A health questionnaire on basic information, life style variables, and past medical and family history was completed. 3D body surface measurements and biomarkers were obtained. Differences between the two groups were assessed and multivariable analysis performed. Results: It was found that chest width (odds ratio [OR] 0.761, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.586–0.987, p = 0.0399), right arm length (OR 0.743, 95% CI = 0.632–0.875, p = 0.0004), waist circumference (OR 1.119, 95% CI = 1.035–1.21, p = 0.0048), leptin (OR 1.443, 95% CI = 1.184–1.76, p = 0.0003), adiponectin (OR 0.978, 95% CI = 0.963–0.994, p = 0.006), and interleukin 6 (OR 1.181, 95% CI = 1.021–1.366, p = 0.0254) were significantly associated with CAD. The combination of biomarker scores and body measurement scores had the greatest area under the curve and best association with CAD (area under the curve of 0.8049 and 95% CI = 0.7440–0.8657). Conclusions: Our study suggests that 3D derived body surface measurements in combination with leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 levels may direct us to those at risk of CAD, allowing a non-invasive approach to identifying high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-I Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tang Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Tremblay EJ, Tchernof A, Pelletier M, Chabot N, Joanisse DR, Mauriège P. Contribution of markers of adiposopathy and adipose cell size in predicting insulin resistance in women of varying age and adiposity. Adipocyte 2022; 11:175-189. [PMID: 35436409 PMCID: PMC9037496 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2059902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunctions, such as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and secretory adiposopathy (low plasma adiponectin/leptin, A/L, ratio), associate with metabolic disorders. However, no study has compared the relative contribution of these markers to cardiometabolic risk in women of varying age and adiposity. Body composition, regional AT distribution, lipid-lipoprotein profile, glucose homeostasis and plasma A and L levels were determined in 67 women (age: 40-62 years; BMI: 17-41 kg/m2). Expression of macrophage infiltration marker CD68 and adipocyte size were measured from subcutaneous abdominal (SCABD) and omental (OME) fat. AT dysfunction markers correlated with most lipid-lipoprotein levels. The A/L ratio was negatively associated with fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR, while SCABD or OME adipocyte size and SCABD CD68 expression were positively related to these variables. Combination of tertiles of largest adipocyte size and lowest A/L ratio showed the highest HOMA-IR. Multiple regression analyses including these markers and TAG levels revealed that the A/L ratio was the only predictor of fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR. The contribution of the A/L ratio was superseded by adipose cell size in the model where the latter replaced TAGs. Finally, leptinemia was a better predictor of IR than adipocyte size and the A/L ratio in our participants sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Julie Tremblay
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chabot
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis R. Joanisse
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Garthwaite T, Sjöros T, Koivumäki M, Laine S, Vähä-Ypyä H, Saarenhovi M, Kallio P, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Houttu N, Laitinen K, Kalliokoski K, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen I. Standing is associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:1255-1260. [PMID: 34489177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine how components of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), and fitness are associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Target population was middle-aged (40-65 years) sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome. SB, breaks in SB, standing, and PA were measured for four weeks with hip-worn accelerometers. VO2max (ml/min/kg) was measured with maximal cycle ergometry. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and fasting blood sampling (HOMA-IR, insulin). Multivariable regression was used for analyses. RESULTS Sixty-four participants (37 women; 58.3 [SD 6.8] years) were included. Participants spent 10.0 (1.0) h sedentary, 1.8 (0.6) h standing, and 2.7 (0.6) h in PA and took 5149 (1825) steps and 29 (8) breaks daily. In sex-, age- and accelerometer wear time-adjusted model SB, standing, steps and VO2max were associated with M-value (β = -0.384; β = 0.400; β = 0.350; β = 0.609, respectively), HOMA-IR (β = 0.420; β = -0.548; β = -0.252; β = -0.449), and insulin (β = 0.433; β = -0.541; β = -0.252; β = -0.453); all p-values < 0.05. Breaks associated only with M-value (β = 0.277). When further adjusted for body fat %, only standing remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.381) and insulin (β = -0.366); significance was maintained even when further adjusted for SB, PA and fitness. Light and moderate-to-vigorous PA were not associated with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Standing is associated with insulin sensitivity markers. The association with HOMA-IR and insulin is independent of adiposity, PA, SB and fitness. Further studies are warranted, but these findings encourage replacing sitting with standing for potential improvements in insulin sensitivity in adults at increased type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Saarenhovi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Kallio
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
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Assessment of aerobic exercise capacity in obesity, which expression of oxygen uptake is the best? SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:138-147. [PMID: 35784518 PMCID: PMC9219259 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ryan AS, Hafer-Macko C, Ortmeyer HK. Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Chronic Stroke. Brain Sci 2020; 11:brainsci11010020. [PMID: 33375333 PMCID: PMC7823711 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A stroke can lead to reduced mobility affecting skeletal muscle mass and fatty infiltration which could lead to systemic insulin resistance, but this has not been examined and the mechanisms are currently unknown. The objective was to compare the effects of in vivo insulin on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity in paretic (P) and nonparetic (NP) skeletal muscle in chronic stroke, and to compare to nonstroke controls. Participants were mild to moderately disabled adults with chronic stroke (n = 30, 60 ± 8 years) and sedentary controls (n = 35, 62 ± 8 years). Insulin sensitivity (M) and bilateral GS activity were determined after an overnight fast and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Stroke subjects had lower aerobic capacity than controls, but M was not significantly different. Insulin-stimulated activities of GS (independent, total, fractional), as well as absolute differences (insulin minus basal) and the percent change (insulin minus basal, relative to basal) in GS activities, were all significantly lower in P versus NP muscle. Basal GS fractional activity was 3-fold higher, and the increase in GS fractional activity during the clamp was 2-fold higher in control versus P and NP muscle. Visceral fat and intermuscular fat were associated with lower M. The effect of in vivo insulin to increase GS fractional activity was associated with M in control and P muscle. A reduction in insulin action on GS in paretic muscle likely contributes to skeletal muscle-specific insulin resistance in chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S. Ryan
- VA Research Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Baltimore VA Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-605-7851
| | - Charlene Hafer-Macko
- Baltimore VA Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Heidi K. Ortmeyer
- VA Research Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Baltimore VA Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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Usui C, Kawakami R, Tanisawa K, Ito T, Tabata H, Iizuka S, Kawamura T, Midorikawa T, Sawada SS, Torii S, Sakamoto S, Suzuki K, Ishii K, Oka K, Muraoka I, Higuchi M. Visceral fat and cardiorespiratory fitness with prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Japanese people: WASEDA'S Health Study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241018. [PMID: 33079960 PMCID: PMC7575118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements not confounded by adiposity and the prevalence of pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are not well known. Thus, we aimed to investigate the associations of visceral fat (VF) and CRF with the prevalence of pre-DM/DM among Japanese adults. The study included 970 individuals (327 women and 643 men) who were 40-87 years old and had complete health examinations, abdominal fat area, and fitness data from WASEDA'S Health Study during 2015-2018. The VF area was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. CRF was measured using a cycle ergometer and was defined as VO2peak divided by fat free mass. The pre-DM/DM was identified based on the questionnaire and fasting blood tests. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalence of pre-DM/DM were calculated. Seventy-three participants had pre-DM and 48 participants had DM. Compared to the low VF group, the high VF group had a higher prevalence of pre-DM/DM (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18-2.96), although no significant relationship was observed between CRF and pre-DM/DM prevalence (P for trend = 0.239). The sub-group analyses also revealed no significant relationship between CRF and pre-DM/DM prevalence in the low VF group (P for trend = 0.979), although CRF values were inversely related to the prevalence of pre-DM/DM in the high VF group (P for trend = 0.024). Although CRF was not independently related to the prevalence of pre-DM/DM after adjusting for adiposity, higher VF values were related to a higher prevalence of pre-DM/DM. In addition, CRF levels were inversely associated with the prevalence of pre-DM/DM only among high VF individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyoko Usui
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tabata
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iizuka
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Sport Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taishi Midorikawa
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- College of Health and Welfare, J. F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Suguru Torii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isao Muraoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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10
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E Hassan N, A El-Masry S, S M El-Saeed G, Al-Tohamy M, H Thabet E, Aly MM, Mohsen M, Khalil A. Association Between Visceral Adipose Tissue and Estradiol with Bone Health among Obese Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1237-1244. [PMID: 32981256 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1237.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) which is associated with a higher risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) shows adverse effects on bone health. Moreover, MS is associated with high concentrations of serum estradiol (E2), which is essential for bone, as it inhibits bone resorption. This study aimed to investigate the impact of visceral fat and serum E2 levels on bone health markers (vitamin D, C-terminal peptide, Ca and BMD) in obese women with and without MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 obese women, with and without MS. Waist Circumference (WC) was measured in cm. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was assessed by energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), VAT was evaluated using Body Composition Analyzer "Tanita". Serum E2, C-terminal peptide and vitamin D (Vit. D) were assessed using ELISA technique. Serum calcium (Ca), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Tchol), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) were also assessed. RESULTS In women with MS, VAT showed significant positive correlations with Body Mass Index (BMI), WC and FBS. Whereas, in women without MS, VAT showed significant positive correlations with BMI, TG, age and significant negative correlation with E2. On the other hand, in women with MS, estradiol (E2) had significant negative correlation with age and significant positive correlations with BMD, BMI, FBS and body weight. While, in obese women without MS, it had significant negative correlations with Ca, VAT, age and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION In obese women with MS, increased VAT, higher BMI, older age and low E2 levels have clinical significance and hence, they should be considered when predicting bone health risk.
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11
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Mauriège P, Karelis AD, Taleb N, Clément AA, Joanisse DR. Comparing an adiposopathy approach with four popular classifications schemes to categorize the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:609-622. [PMID: 32970306 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous classifications are used to discern metabolically healthy obese (MHO) from metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) individuals. The goal of this study was to compare a single phenotype approach, adiposopathy (i.e., the plasma adiponectin/leptin ratio), with four commonly used classifications (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Karelis, Lynch, Wildman), all based on obesity with other risk factors), for their ability to discern phenotypic differences between MAO and MHO postmenopausal women. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), lipid-lipoprotein, hepatic, inflammatory, and adipokine profiles, as well as glucose-insulin homeostasis, were assessed in 79 obese sedentary postmenopausal women (60 ± 5 years; body mass index, BMI, 34.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2). Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) expression of selected genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and inflammation was used as markers of tissue state (n = 48). Beyond their intrinsic criteria, adiposopathy was almost as effective as the Karelis definition in discerning differences in MHO for adiposity (reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass), lipid-lipoprotein (lower triacylglycerol and higher HDL-cholesterol levels, reduced atherogenic ratios) and adipokine (higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels) profiles, and glucose-insulin homeostasis (lower insulin resistance) as well as for some SCAT gene expression related to lipolysis and lipogenesis, but was the only one able to distinguish these subjects for greater CRF. The other classifications revealed fewer differences between MAO and MHO women. These data suggest that considering a marker of AT dysfunction such as adiposopathy either alone or in addition to other criteria could be potentially interesting in discerning the MHO phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Mauriège
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. .,Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nadine Taleb
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Clément
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis R Joanisse
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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12
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Hosick PA, Matthews EL, Leigh S. Cardiorespiratory fitness and the relationship between body fat and resting testosterone in men. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:61-66. [PMID: 30081677 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1491996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of cardiovascular fitness, i.e. VO2max, on the relationship between weight status and resting testosterone level (RTL) in males.Materials and methods: A subset of male participants from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed by weight status, i.e. normal, overweight, obese, and all participants. Bivariate correlation coefficients were computed for RTL, percent body fat (BF%), and VO2max. Partial correlation coefficients were computed between RTL and BF% controlling for VO2max and between RTL and VO2max controlling for BF%.Results: Bivariate correlations between RTL and BF%, and RTL and VO2max were significant in all groups. The partial correlation coefficients between RTL and BF% controlling for VO2max were significant in the normal and all participants group. When RTL and VO2max were analyzed controlling for BF% only the all participants group remained significant.Conclusion: Cardiovascular fitness or weight status may independently influence RTL in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hosick
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Evan L Matthews
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Leigh
- School of Kinesiology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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13
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Gender Differences in the Pattern of Socio-Demographics Relevant to Metabolic Syndrome Among Kenyan Adults with Central Obesity at a Mission Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:61-82. [PMID: 31981085 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Although the risk factors for MetS are well documented, differences in gender-based demographics among Kenyan adults with central obesity are lacking. AIM Determine gender differences in the pattern of socio-demographics relevant to metabolic syndrome among Kenyan adults with central obesity at a mission hospital, Nairobi. METHODS A cross-sectional baseline survey involving adults (N = 404) with central obesity aged 18-64 years, as part of a community-based lifestyle intervention study. Respondents were systematically sampled using the International Diabetes Federation definition for MetS. Lifestyle characteristics, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical markers were measured and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS High (87.2%) MetS prevalence associated with advanced age in males (p < 0.001) and females (p = 0.002) was observed. MetS was likely among divorced/separated/widowed (p = 0.021) and high income males (p = 0.002) and females (p = 0.017) with high income. Unemployed males (p = 0.008) and females with tertiary education (p = 0.019) were less likely to have MetS. Advanced age was likely to lead to high blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.05). Males were more likely (p = 0.026) to have raised triglycerides, while females (p < 0.001) had low high density lipoproteins. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of MetS associated with social and gender differences among Kenyan adults with central obesity. These underscore the need to look beyond the behavioral and biological risks and focus on every nuance of gender differences in addressing MetS and CVDs.
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14
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Shin YA. How Does Obesity and Physical Activity Affect Aging?: Focused on Telomere as a Biomarker of Aging. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:92-104. [PMID: 31294341 PMCID: PMC6604845 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known to continuously increase systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to shorter telomere length. However, research regarding the correlation between physical activity, exercise, obesity, and telomere length is not consistent. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the effects of obesity, physical activity, and exercise on telomere length. Our search for effects of obesity, physical activity, and exercise, on telomeres was conducted using three computerized databases: Medline, PubMed, and EBSCO. Keywords in the search were “physical activity, exercise and obesity,” “physical activity, exercise and telomere,” and “obesity and telomere.” Improving chronic inflammation and oxidative stress levels can prevent telomere attrition due to obesity. In addition, differences in the anti-aging effects of physical activity and exercise are shown in the post-middle-age period, when telomere length changes, rather than in past exercise habits. Maintaining high cardiorespiratory fitness levels through regular exercise and physical activity in the post-middle-age period minimizes obesity-related diseases and helps maintain telomere length, which is an index of cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-A Shin
- Department of Prescription and Rehabilitation of Exercise, College of Sport Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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15
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Paley CA, Johnson MI. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome: exercise as medicine? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29755739 PMCID: PMC5935926 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of at least three out of five clinical risk factors: abdominal (visceral) obesity, hypertension, elevated serum triglycerides, low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin resistance. It is estimated to affect over 20% of the global adult population. Abdominal (visceral) obesity is thought to be the predominant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and as predictions estimate that 50% of adults will be classified as obese by 2030 it is likely that metabolic syndrome will be a significant problem for health services and a drain on health economies. Evidence shows that regular and consistent exercise reduces abdominal obesity and results in favourable changes in body composition. It has therefore been suggested that exercise is a medicine in its own right and should be prescribed as such. Purpose of this review This review provides a summary of the current evidence on the pathophysiology of dysfunctional adipose tissue (adiposopathy). It describes the relationship of adiposopathy to metabolic syndrome and how exercise may mediate these processes, and evaluates current evidence on the clinical efficacy of exercise in the management of abdominal obesity. The review also discusses the type and dose of exercise needed for optimal improvements in health status in relation to the available evidence and considers the difficulty in achieving adherence to exercise programmes. Conclusion There is moderate evidence supporting the use of programmes of exercise to reverse metabolic syndrome although at present the optimal dose and type of exercise is unknown. The main challenge for health care professionals is how to motivate individuals to participate and adherence to programmes of exercise used prophylactically and as a treatment for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole A Paley
- 1Research & Development (Ward 12), Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Skipton Road, Steeton, Keighley, West Yorkshire BD20 6TD UK.,2School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
| | - Mark I Johnson
- 2School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
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16
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The relationship between adiposopathy and glucose-insulin homeostasis is not affected by moderate-intensity aerobic training in healthy women with obesity. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:591-601. [PMID: 29696568 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of adiposopathy to glucose-insulin homeostasis remains unclear. This longitudinal study examined the potential relationship between the adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L, a marker of adiposopathy) and insulin resistance (IR: homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)), insulin sensitivity (IS: Matsuda), and insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test before and after a 16-week walking program, in 29 physically inactive pre- and postmenopausal women with obesity (BMI, 29-35 kg/m2; age, 47-54 years). Anthropometry, body composition, VO2max, and fasting lipid-lipoprotein and inflammatory profiles were assessed. A/L was unchanged after training (p = 0.15), despite decreased leptin levels (p < 0.05). While the Matsuda index tended to increase (p = 0.07), HOMA decreased (p < 0.05) and fasting insulin was reduced (p < 0.01) but insulin area under the curve (AUC) remained unchanged (p = 0.18) after training. Body fatness and VO2max were improved (p < 0.05) while triacylglycerols increased and HDL-CHOL levels decreased after training (p < 0.05). At baseline, A/L was positively associated with VO2max, HDL-CHOL levels, and Matsuda (0.37 < ρ < 0.56; p < 0.05) but negatively with body fatness, HOMA, insulin AUC, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels (- 0.41 < ρ < - 0.66; p < 0.05). After training, associations with fitness, HOMA, and inflammation were lost. Multiple regression analysis revealed A/L as an independent predictor of IR and IS, before training (partial R2 = 0.10 and 0.22), although A/L did not predict the insulin AUC pre- or post-intervention. A significant correlation was found between training-induced changes to A/L and IS (r = 0.38; p < 0.05) but not with IR or insulin AUC. Although changes in the A/L ratio could not explain improvements to glucose-insulin homeostasis indices following training, a relationship with insulin sensitivity was revealed in healthy women with obesity.
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17
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Frühbeck G, Catalán V, Rodríguez A, Gómez-Ambrosi J. Adiponectin-leptin ratio: A promising index to estimate adipose tissue dysfunction. Relation with obesity-associated cardiometabolic risk. Adipocyte 2018; 7:57-62. [PMID: 29205099 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1402151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently the most extended metabolic disturbance worldwide favoring the development of cardiometabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are characterized by an increase in circulating leptin concentrations, in parallel to a decrease in blood levels of adiponectin. Consequently, the adiponectin/leptin ratio has been suggested as a maker of adipose tissue dysfunction. This emerging biomarker correlates with insulin resistance better than adiponectin or leptin alone, or even HOMA and is decreased with increasing number of metabolic risk factors having been proposed as a predictive marker for the MS. Moreover, the adiponectin/leptin ratio is negatively correlated with markers of low-grade chronic inflammation. In this sense, an increase in this ratio has been related with reduced atherosclerosis risk as well as with a decreased risk of some types of cancer in epidemiological studies. In this commentary we propose new cutoffs to estimate obesity- and MS-associated cardiometabolic risk according to the adiponectin/leptin ratio and discuss different therapeutic strategies to increase this promising biomarker of metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Yardley JE, Brockman NK, Bracken RM. Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 30524371 PMCID: PMC6262398 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Closed-loop systems for patients with type 1 diabetes are progressing rapidly. Despite these advances, current systems may struggle in dealing with the acute stress of exercise. Algorithms to predict exercise-induced blood glucose changes in current systems are mostly derived from data involving relatively young, fit males. Little is known about the magnitude of confounding variables such as sex, age, and fitness level-underlying, uncontrollable factors that might influence blood glucose control during exercise. Sex-related differences in hormonal responses to physical exercise exist in studies involving individuals without diabetes, and result in altered fuel metabolism during exercise. Increasing age is associated with attenuated catecholamine responses and lower carbohydrate oxidation during activity. Furthermore, higher fitness levels can alter hormonal and fuel selection responses to exercise. Compounding the limited research on these factors in the metabolic response to exercise in type 1 diabetes is a limited understanding of how these variables affect blood glucose levels during different types, timing and intensities of activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, there is currently insufficient information to model a closed-loop system that can predict them accurately and consistently prevent hypoglycemia. Further, studies involving both sexes, along with a range of ages and fitness levels, are needed to create a closed-loop system that will be more precise in regulating blood glucose during exercise in a wide variety of individuals with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Yardley
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB, Canada
- Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jane E. Yardley
| | | | - Richard M. Bracken
- Diabetes Research Unit and School of Sport and Exercise Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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19
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Bjornstad P, Cree-Green M, Baumgartner A, Coe G, Reyes YG, Schafer M, Pyle L, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JEB, Nadeau KJ. Leptin is associated with cardiopulmonary fitness independent of body-mass index and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a brief report from the EMERALD study. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:850-853. [PMID: 28336216 PMCID: PMC5426806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary fitness is decreased in type 1 diabetes for reasons that are incompletely understood. In this study, leptin was associated with exercise capacity independent of insulin sensitivity (IS) and body mass index (BMI), suggesting that leptin may relate to cardiopulmonary fitness by mechanisms beyond IS and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO.
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amy Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gregory Coe
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Yesenia Garcia Reyes
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michal Schafer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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20
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Jukarainen S, Holst R, Dalgård C, Piirilä P, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Kyvik KO, Sørensen TIA, Pietiläinen KH. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Determinants of Metabolic Health-Pooled Analysis of Two Twin Cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1520-1528. [PMID: 28324016 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The joint effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition on metabolic health are not well known. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of CRF, fat-free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI) with metabolic health in individual twins and controlling for genetic and shared environmental effects by studying monozygotic intrapair differences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two cross-sectional samples of healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins were drawn from population-based Danish and Finnish national twin registries (n = 996 and n = 309). MAIN MEASURES CRF was defined as VO2max divided by fat-free mass. Insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response indices were derived from an oral glucose tolerance test. A continuous metabolic syndrome score was calculated. Visceral and liver fat were measured in the Finnish sample. Associations were analyzed separately in both cohorts with multivariate linear regression and aggregated with meta-analytic methods. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, metabolic syndrome score, visceral, and liver fat amount had strong and statistically significant associations with FMI (|β| 0.53 to 0.79), whereas their associations with CRF and FFMI were at most weak (|β| 0.02 to 0.15). The results of the monozygotic intrapair differences analysis showed the same pattern. CONCLUSIONS Although FMI is strongly associated with worsening of metabolic health traits, even after controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors, there was little evidence for the effects of CRF or FFMI on metabolic health. This suggests that changing FMI rather than CRF or FFMI may affect metabolic health irrespective of genetic or early environmental determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Jukarainen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - René Holst
- Institute of Regional Health Service Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health - Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Meilahti Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5200 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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