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Cordani M, Garufi A, Benedetti R, Tafani M, Aventaggiato M, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. Recent Advances on Mutant p53: Unveiling Novel Oncogenic Roles, Degradation Pathways, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:649. [PMID: 38927053 PMCID: PMC11201733 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is the master regulator of cellular integrity, primarily due to its tumor-suppressing functions. Approximately half of all human cancers carry mutations in the TP53 gene, which not only abrogate the tumor-suppressive functions but also confer p53 mutant proteins with oncogenic potential. The latter is achieved through so-called gain-of-function (GOF) mutations that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance by deregulating transcriptional networks, signaling pathways, metabolism, immune surveillance, and cellular compositions of the microenvironment. Despite recent progress in understanding the complexity of mutp53 in neoplastic development, the exact mechanisms of how mutp53 contributes to cancer development and how they escape proteasomal and lysosomal degradation remain only partially understood. In this review, we address recent findings in the field of oncogenic functions of mutp53 specifically regarding, but not limited to, its implications in metabolic pathways, the secretome of cancer cells, the cancer microenvironment, and the regulating scenarios of the aberrant proteasomal degradation. By analyzing proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation, as well as its connection with autophagy, we propose new therapeutical approaches that aim to destabilize mutp53 proteins and deactivate its oncogenic functions, thereby providing a fundamental basis for further investigation and rational treatment approaches for TP53-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessia Garufi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Aventaggiato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 00131 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
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Zhao Q, Liu Y, Chuo Y, Wang X, Jiao Y, Shi W, Bao Y. Cuscuta chinensis flavonoids alleviate ovarian damage in offspring female mice induced by BPA exposure during pregnancy by regulating the central carbon metabolism pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116253. [PMID: 38537475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a sensitive window period for bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. BPA can pass through the placenta and cause reproductive damage in offspring female mice. Even BPA that is not metabolized during lactation can be passed through milk. Cuscuta chinensis flavonoids (CCFs) can alleviate reproductive damage caused by BPA, but the mechanism of action is unclear. To investigate the potential mitigating impact of CCFs on ovarian damage resulting from BPA exposure during pregnancy, we administered BPA and CCFs to pregnant mice during the gestational period spanning from 0.5 to 17.5 days. Aseptic collection of serum and ovaries from female mice was conducted on postnatal day 21 (PND21). Serum hormone levels and tissue receptor levels were quantified utilizing ELISA and PCR, while ovaries underwent sequencing and analysis through transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques. Additionally, the assessment of ovarian oxidative stress levels was carried out as part of the comprehensive analysis. The results showed that CCFs administration mitigated the adverse effects induced by BPA exposure on ovarian index, hormone levels, receptor expression, and mRNA expression levels in female offspring mice. The joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed 48 enriched pathways in positive ion mode and 44 enriched pathways in negative ion mode. Among them, the central carbon metabolism pathway is significantly regulated by BPA and CCFs. The screened sequencing results were verified through qPCR and biochemical kits. In this study, CCFs may participate in the central carbon metabolism pathway by reducing the expression of Kit proto-oncogene (Kit), hexokinase 1 gene (Hk1) and pyruvate kinase M (Pkm) mRNA and increasing the expression of h-ras proto-oncogene (Hras), sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) and TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase gene (Tigar) mRNA, thereby resisting the effects of BPA on the body. At the same time, the metabolic levels of D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and L-Asparagine tend to be stable. Moreover, CCFs demonstrated a capacity to diminish the BPA-induced escalation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Simultaneously, it exhibited the ability to elevate levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), thereby effectively preventing peroxidation. In summary, CCFs alleviate BPA-induced ovarian damage in offspring female mice by regulating the central carbon metabolism pathway. This study will improve the information on BPA reproductive damage antagonist drugs and provide a theoretical basis for protecting animal reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yanan Chuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yulan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotenology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China; Ruipu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotenology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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Moedas MF, Simões RJM, Silva MFB. Mitochondrial targets in hyperammonemia: Addressing urea cycle function to improve drug therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116034. [PMID: 38307136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The urea cycle (UC) is a critically important metabolic process for the disposal of nitrogen (ammonia) produced by amino acids catabolism. The impairment of this liver-specific pathway induced either by primary genetic defects or by secondary causes, namely those associated with hepatic disease or drug administration, may result in serious clinical consequences. Urea cycle disorders (UCD) and certain organic acidurias are the major groups of inherited rare diseases manifested with hyperammonemia (HA) with UC dysregulation. Importantly, several commonly prescribed drugs, including antiepileptics in monotherapy or polytherapy from carbamazepine to valproic acid or specific antineoplastic agents such as asparaginase or 5-fluorouracil may be associated with HA by mechanisms not fully elucidated. HA, disclosing an imbalance between ammoniagenesis and ammonia disposal via the UC, can evolve to encephalopathy which may lead to significant morbidity and central nervous system damage. This review will focus on biochemical mechanisms related with HA emphasizing some poorly understood perspectives behind the disruption of the UC and mitochondrial energy metabolism, namely: i) changes in acetyl-CoA or NAD+ levels in subcellular compartments; ii) post-translational modifications of key UC-related enzymes, namely acetylation, potentially affecting their catalytic activity; iii) the mitochondrial sirtuins-mediated role in ureagenesis. Moreover, the main UCD associated with HA will be summarized to highlight the relevance of investigating possible genetic mutations to account for unexpected HA during certain pharmacological therapies. The ammonia-induced effects should be avoided or overcome as part of safer therapeutic strategies to protect patients under treatment with drugs that may be potentially associated with HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco F Moedas
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo J M Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida F B Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Obrecht A, Paneque M. Unraveling the Role of AtSRT2 in Energy Metabolism, Stress Responses, and Gene Expression during Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:711. [PMID: 38475557 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins participate in chromatin remodeling and gene expression regulation during stress responses. They are the only deacetylases that couple the cellular NAD+-dependent energy metabolism with transcriptional regulation. They catalyze the production of nicotinamide, inhibiting sirtuin 2 (SIR2) activity in vivo. The SIR2 homolog, AtSRT2, deacetylates non-histone proteins associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism. To date, AtSRT2 mechanisms during stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana remain unclear. The transduction of mitochondrial metabolic signals links the energy status to transcriptional regulation, growth, and stress responses. These signals induce changes by regulating nuclear gene expression. The present study aimed to determine the role of SRT2 and its product nicotinamide in the development of A. thaliana and the expression of osmotic stress-response genes. Leaf development was greater in srt2+ plants than in the wild type, indicating that SET2 plays a role in energy metabolism. Treatment with polyethylene glycol activated and inhibited gene expression in srt2- and srt2+ lines, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that SRT2-stimulated plant growth and repressed signaling are associated with osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Obrecht
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11.315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Manuel Paneque
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11.315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
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5
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Lombardo GE, Russo C, Maugeri A, Navarra M. Sirtuins as Players in the Signal Transduction of Citrus Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1956. [PMID: 38396635 PMCID: PMC10889095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) belong to the family of nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylases, which come into play in the regulation of epigenetic processes through the deacetylation of histones and other substrates. The human genome encodes for seven homologs (SIRT1-7), which are localized into the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, with different enzymatic activities and regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, SIRTs are involved in different physio-pathological processes responsible for the onset of several human illnesses, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and diabetes, age-related disorders, and cancer. Nowadays, it is well-known that Citrus fruits, typical of the Mediterranean diet, are an important source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. Among these, flavonoids are recognized as potential agents endowed with a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antitumoral ones. On these bases, we offer a comprehensive overview on biological effects exerted by Citrus flavonoids via targeting SIRTs, which acted as modulator of several signaling pathways. According to the reported studies, Citrus flavonoids appear to be promising SIRT modulators in many different pathologies, a role which might be potentially evaluated in future therapies, along with encouraging the study of those SIRT members which still lack proper evidence on their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (C.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (C.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (C.R.); (M.N.)
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Bettiol A, Urban ML, Emmi G, Galora S, Argento FR, Fini E, Borghi S, Bagni G, Mattioli I, Prisco D, Fiorillo C, Becatti M. SIRT1 and thrombosis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1325002. [PMID: 38304233 PMCID: PMC10833004 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1325002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent deacetylases, plays a crucial role in regulating thrombosis, modulating key pathways including endothelial activation, platelet aggregation, and coagulation. Furthermore, SIRT1 displays anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro, in vivo and in clinical studies, particularly via the reduction of oxidative stress. On these bases, several studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting SIRT1 for the prevention of thrombosis. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the main preclinical and clinical studies and of the current understanding of the role of SIRT1 in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Urban
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Galora
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Flavia Rita Argento
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Serena Borghi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bagni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Irene Mattioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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7
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Baran M, Miziak P, Stepulak A, Cybulski M. The Role of Sirtuin 6 in the Deacetylation of Histone Proteins as a Factor in the Progression of Neoplastic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:497. [PMID: 38203666 PMCID: PMC10779230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, predominantly located in the nucleus, that is involved in the processes of histone modification, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Disturbances in SIRT6 expression levels have been observed in the development and progression of various types of cancer. Therefore, it is important to better understand the role of SIRT6 in biochemical pathways and assign it specific biological functions. This review aims to summarize the role of SIRT6 in carcinogenesis and tumor development. A better understanding of the factors influencing SIRT6 expression and its biological role in carcinogenesis may help to develop novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Moreover, we discuss the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of action of small molecule SIRT6 modulators (both activators and inhibitors) in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (P.M.); (M.C.)
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8
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Song Y, Cao H, Zuo C, Gu Z, Huang Y, Miao J, Fu Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wang F. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A fatal blow in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115652. [PMID: 37801903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain the normal physiological function of nerve cells by producing sufficient cellular energy and performing crucial roles in maintaining the metabolic balance through intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and axonal development. Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Damage to the hippocampal neurons is a key component of the plasticity regulation of synapses and plays a critical role in the mechanism of depression. There is evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with synaptic impairment. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis includes quantitative maintenance and quality control of mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis produces new and healthy mitochondria, and mitochondrial dynamics cooperates with mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. These processes maintain mitochondrial population stability and exert neuroprotective effects against early depression. In contrast, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various brain regions of patients with major depressive disorders. The accumulation of defective mitochondria accelerates cellular nerve dysfunction. In addition, impaired mitochondria aggravate alterations in the brain microenvironment, promoting neuroinflammation and energy depletion, thereby exacerbating the development of depression. This review summarizes the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the underlying molecular pathways on the pathogenesis of depression. Additionally, we discuss the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengchao Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
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Mohan MS, Aswani SS, Aparna NS, Boban PT, Sudhakaran PR, Saja K. Effect of acute cold exposure on cardiac mitochondrial function: role of sirtuins. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2257-2270. [PMID: 36781815 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function depends mainly on mitochondrial metabolism. Cold conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by increasing blood pressure. Adaptive thermogenesis leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles and adipocytes. Here, we studied the effect of acute cold exposure on cardiac mitochondrial function and its regulation by sirtuins. Significant increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number as measured by the ratio between mitochondrial-coded COX-II and nuclear-coded cyclophilin A gene expression by qRT-PCR and increase in the expression of PGC-1α, a mitochondriogenic factor and its downstream target NRF-1 were observed on cold exposure. This was associated with an increase in the activity of SIRT-1, which is known to activate PGC-1α. Mitochondrial SIRT-3 was also upregulated. Increase in sirtuin activity was reflected in total protein acetylome, which decreased in cold-exposed cardiac tissue. An increase in mitochondrial MnSOD further indicated enhanced mitochondrial function. Further evidence for this was obtained from ex vivo studies of cardiac tissue treated with norepinephrine, which caused a significant increase in mitochondrial MnSOD and SIRT-3. SIRT-3 appears to mediate the regulation of MnSOD, as treatment with AGK-7, a SIRT-3 inhibitor reversed the norepinephrine-induced upregulation of MnSOD. It, therefore, appears that SIRT-3 activation in response to SIRT-1-PGC-1α activation contributes to the regulation of cardiac mitochondrial activity during acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithra S Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - S S Aswani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - N S Aparna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - P T Boban
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - P R Sudhakaran
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - K Saja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India.
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10
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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11
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Miller SJ, Darji RY, Walaieh S, Lewis JA, Logan R. Senolytic and senomorphic secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents in Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1271941. [PMID: 37840914 PMCID: PMC10568035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1271941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model organism for a wide range of biological exploration. The well-known advantages of D. melanogaster include its relatively simple biology, the ease with which it is genetically modified, the relatively low financial and time costs associated with their short gestation and life cycles, and the large number of offspring they produce per generation. D. melanogaster has facilitated the discovery of many significant insights into the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has served as an excellent preclinical model of PD-related therapeutic discovery. In this review, we provide an overview of the major D. melanogaster models of PD, each of which provide unique insights into PD-relevant pathology and therapeutic targets. These models are discussed in the context of their past, current, and future potential use for studying the utility of secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents in PD. Over the last decade, senolytics have garnered an exponential interest in their ability to mitigate a broad spectrum of diseases, including PD. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the senolytic and senomorphic properties of secondary metabolites. It is expected that D. melanogaster will continue to be critical in the effort to understand and improve treatment of PD, including their involvement in translational studies focused on secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rayyan Y. Darji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sami Walaieh
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Jhemerial A. Lewis
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
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12
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Ruskovska T, Bernlohr DA. The Role of NAD + in Metabolic Regulation of Adipose Tissue: Implications for Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2560. [PMID: 37761000 PMCID: PMC10526756 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is among the key factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes inflamed and dysfunctional, exhibiting a modified biochemical signature and adipokine secretion pattern that promotes insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. An important hallmark of dysfunctional obese adipose tissue is impaired NAD+/sirtuin signaling. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence for impairment of the NAD+/sirtuin pathway in obesity, not only in white adipose tissue but also in brown adipose tissue and during the process of beiging, together with correlative evidence from human studies. We also describe the role of PARPs and CD38 as important NAD+ consumers and discuss findings from experimental studies that investigated potential NAD+ boosting strategies and their efficacy in restoring impaired NAD+ metabolism in dysfunctional obese adipose tissue. In sum, these studies suggest a critical role of NAD+ metabolism in adipose biology and provide a basis for the potential development of strategies to restore metabolic health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia;
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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13
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Karolczak K, Watala C. Estradiol as the Trigger of Sirtuin-1-Dependent Cell Signaling with a Potential Utility in Anti-Aging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13753. [PMID: 37762053 PMCID: PMC10530977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging entails the inevitable loss of the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues during the lifetime. It is a highly hormone-dependent process; although, the exact mechanism of hormone involvement, including sex hormones, is unclear. The marked suppression of estradiol synthesis during menopause suggests that the hormone may be crucial in maintaining cell lifespan and viability in women. Recent studies also indicate that the same may be true for men. Similar anti-aging features are attributed to sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which may possibly be linked at the molecular level with estradiol. This finding may be valuable for understanding the aging process, its regulation, and possible prevention against unhealthy aging. The following article summarizes the initial studies published in this field with a focus on age-associated diseases, like cancer, cardiovascular disease and atherogenic metabolic shift, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and muscle damage, as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Karolczak
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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14
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Van Scoyk AN, Antelope O, Franzini A, Ayer DE, Peterson RT, Pomicter AD, Owen SC, Deininger MW. Bioluminescence Assay of Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552871. [PMID: 37645727 PMCID: PMC10461969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acylation can direct protein function, localization, and interactions. Sirtuins deacylate lysine towards maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their aberrant expression contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple pathological conditions, including cancer. Measuring sirtuins' activity is essential to exploring their potential as therapeutic targets, but accurate quantification is challenging. We developed 'SIRTify', a high-sensitivity assay for measuring sirtuin activity in vitro and in vivo. SIRTify is based on a split-version of the NanoLuc® luciferase consisting of a truncated, catalytically inactive N-terminal moiety (LgBiT) that complements with a high-affinity C-terminal peptide (p86) to form active luciferase. Acylation of two lysines within p86 disrupts binding to LgBiT and abates luminescence. Deacylation by sirtuins reestablishes p86 and restores binding, generating a luminescence signal proportional to sirtuin activity. Measurements accurately reflect reported sirtuin specificity for lysine acylations and confirm the effects of sirtuin modulators. SIRTify effectively quantifies lysine deacylation dynamics and may be adaptable to monitoring additional post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anca Franzini
- University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | - Donald E Ayer
- University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | | | | | - Shawn C Owen
- University of Utah, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- University of Utah, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
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15
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Wiciński M, Erdmann J, Nowacka A, Kuźmiński O, Michalak K, Janowski K, Ohla J, Biernaciak A, Szambelan M, Zabrzyński J. Natural Phytochemicals as SIRT Activators-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:3578. [PMID: 37630770 PMCID: PMC10459499 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of proteins with enzymatic activity. There are seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) that are found in different cellular compartments. They are a part of crucial cellular pathways and are regulated by many factors, such as chemicals, environmental stress, and phytochemicals. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have presented their involvement in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic processes. Recent findings imply that phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, fisetin, berberine, and kaempferol may regulate the activity of sirtuins. Resveratrol mainly activates SIRT1 and indirectly activates AMPK. Curcumin influences mainly SIRT1 and SIRT3, but its activity is broad, and many pathways in different cells are affected. Quercetin mainly modulates SIRT1, which triggers antioxidant and antiapoptotic responses. Fisetin, through SIRT1 regulation, modifies lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory processes. Berberine has a wide spectrum of effects and a significant impact on SIRT1 signaling pathways. Finally, kaempferol triggers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through SIRT1 induction. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the properties of phytochemicals in the modulation of sirtuin activity, with a particular focus on biochemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Erdmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Nowacka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Oskar Kuźmiński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Klaudia Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Kacper Janowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Ohla
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Biernaciak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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16
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You Y, Liang W. SIRT1 and SIRT6: The role in aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166815. [PMID: 37499928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive functional deterioration with increased risk of mortality. It is a complex biological process driven by a multitude of intertwined mechanisms such as increased DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate fundamental biological functions from genomic stability and lifespan to energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. Of the seven mammalian SIRT isotypes (SIRT1-7), SIRT1 and SIRT6 are well-recognized for regulating signaling pathways related to aging. Herein, we review the protective role of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in aging-related diseases at molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-organism levels. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 and SIRT6 modulators in the treatment of these diseases and challenges thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi You
- Department of General Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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17
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Liu Y, Wu P, Li B, Wang W, Zhu B. Phosphoribosyltransferases and Their Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11828. [PMID: 37511586 PMCID: PMC10380321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a widespread glycosyl modification that regulates gene expression and metabolite bioactivity in all life processes of plants. Phosphoribosylation is a special glycosyl modification catalyzed by phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase), which functions as a key step in the biosynthesis pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan, and coenzyme NAD(P)+ to control the production of these essential metabolites. Studies in the past decades have reported that PRTases are indispensable for plant survival and thriving, whereas the complicated physiological role of PRTases in plant life and their crosstalk is not well understood. Here, we comprehensively overview and critically discuss the recent findings on PRTases, including their classification, as well as the function and crosstalk in regulating plant development, abiotic stress response, and the balance of growth and stress responses. This review aims to increase the understanding of the role of plant PRTase and also contribute to future research on the trade-off between plant growth and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Rasti G, Becker M, Vazquez BN, Espinosa-Alcantud M, Fernández-Duran I, Gámez-García A, Ianni A, Gonzalez J, Bosch-Presegué L, Marazuela-Duque A, Guitart-Solanes A, Segura-Bayona S, Bech-Serra JJ, Scher M, Serrano L, Shankavaram U, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D, Olivella M, Stracker T, de la Torre C, Vaquero A. SIRT1 regulates DNA damage signaling through the PP4 phosphatase complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6754-6769. [PMID: 37309898 PMCID: PMC10359614 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes plays an important role in maintaining genome stability upon stress. Several mammalian Sirtuins have been linked directly or indirectly to the regulation of DNA damage during replication through Homologous recombination (HR). The role of one of them, SIRT1, is intriguing as it seems to have a general regulatory role in the DNA damage response (DDR) that has not yet been addressed. SIRT1-deficient cells show impaired DDR reflected in a decrease in repair capacity, increased genome instability and decreased levels of γH2AX. Here we unveil a close functional antagonism between SIRT1 and the PP4 phosphatase multiprotein complex in the regulation of the DDR. Upon DNA damage, SIRT1 interacts specifically with the catalytical subunit PP4c and promotes its inhibition by deacetylating the WH1 domain of the regulatory subunits PP4R3α/β. This in turn regulates γH2AX and RPA2 phosphorylation, two key events in the signaling of DNA damage and repair by HR. We propose a mechanism whereby during stress, SIRT1 signaling ensures a global control of DNA damage signaling through PP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rasti
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximilian Becker
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta N Vazquez
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Espinosa-Alcantud
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Duran
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Gámez-García
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Ianni
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Gonzalez
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bosch-Presegué
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IrisCC). Experimental Sciences and Methodology Department. Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare (FCSB), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Anna Marazuela-Duque
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Guitart-Solanes
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Segura-Bayona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Current affiliation: The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Joan-Josep Bech-Serra
- Proteomic Unit, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Scher
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJ08854, USA
| | - Lourdes Serrano
- Department of Science, BMCC, The City University of New York (CUNY), 199 Chambers Street N699P, New Yirk, NY10007, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Paul Tempst
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Danny Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJ08854, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Mireia Olivella
- Bioinfomatics and Medical Statistics Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering. University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Proteomic Unit, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Quan X, Xin Y, Wang HL, Sun Y, Chen C, Zhang J. Implications of altered sirtuins in metabolic regulation and oral cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14752. [PMID: 36815979 PMCID: PMC9936870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial functions and functions in energy homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, longevity and ageing, are regulated by sirtuins. Compromised sirtuin functions and/or alterations in the expression levels of sirtuins may lead to several pathological conditions and contribute significantly to alterations in metabolic phenotypes as well as oral carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the basic characteristics of seven mammalian sirtuins. This review also emphasizes the key molecular mechanisms of sirtuins in metabolic regulation and discusses the possible relationships of sirtuins with oral cancers. This review will provide novel insight into new therapeutic approaches targeting sirtuins that may potentially lead to effective strategies for combating oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Quan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Díaz A, Flores I, Treviño S. Neurotrophic fragments as therapeutic alternatives to ameliorate brain aging. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:51-56. [PMID: 35799508 PMCID: PMC9241392 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.331867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a global phenomenon and a complex biological process of all living beings that introduces various changes. During this physiological process, the brain is the most affected organ due to changes in its structural and chemical functions, such as changes in plasticity and decrease in the number, diameter, length, and branching of dendrites and dendritic spines. Likewise, it presents a great reduction in volume resulting from the contraction of the gray matter. Consequently, aging can affect not only cognitive functions, including learning and memory, but also the quality of life of older people. As a result of the phenomena, various molecules with notable neuroprotective capacity have been proposed, which provide a therapeutic alternative for people under conditions of aging or some neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to indicate that in recent years the use of molecules with neurotrophic activity has shown interesting results when evaluated in in vivo models. This review aims to describe the neurotrophic potential of molecules such as resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and neurotrophic-type compounds such as the terminal carboxyl domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin, cerebrolysin, neuropeptide-12, and rapamycin. Most of these molecules have been evaluated by our research group. Studies suggest that these molecules exert an important therapeutic potential, restoring brain function in aging conditions or models of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, our interest is in describing the current scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of these molecules with active neurotrophic.
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21
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Ziętara P, Dziewięcka M, Augustyniak M. Why Is Longevity Still a Scientific Mystery? Sirtuins-Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010728. [PMID: 36614171 PMCID: PMC9821238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin system consists of seven highly conserved regulatory enzymes responsible for metabolism, antioxidant protection, and cell cycle regulation. The great interest in sirtuins is associated with the potential impact on life extension. This article summarizes the latest research on the activity of sirtuins and their role in the aging process. The effects of compounds that modulate the activity of sirtuins were discussed, and in numerous studies, their effectiveness was demonstrated. Attention was paid to the role of a caloric restriction and the risks associated with the influence of careless sirtuin modulation on the organism. It has been shown that low modulators' bioavailability/retention time is a crucial problem for optimal regulation of the studied pathways. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the modulator structure and potential reactivity with sirtuins in silico studies should precede in vitro and in vivo experiments. The latest achievements in nanobiotechnology make it possible to create promising molecules, but many of them remain in the sphere of plans and concepts. It seems that solving the mystery of longevity will have to wait for new scientific discoveries.
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22
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Hall R, Yuan S, Wood K, Katona M, Straub AC. Cytochrome b5 reductases: Redox regulators of cell homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102654. [PMID: 36441026 PMCID: PMC9706631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome-b5 reductase (CYB5R) family of flavoproteins is known to regulate reduction-oxidation (redox) balance in cells. The five enzyme members are highly compartmentalized at the subcellular level and function as "redox switches" enabling the reduction of several substrates, such as heme and coenzyme Q. Critical insight into the physiological and pathophysiological significance of CYB5R enzymes has been gleaned from several human genetic variants that cause congenital disease and a broad spectrum of chronic human diseases. Among the CYB5R genetic variants, CYB5R3 is well-characterized and deficiency in expression and activity is associated with type II methemoglobinemia, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Importantly, pharmacological and genetic-based strategies are underway to target CYB5R3 to circumvent disease onset and mitigate severity. Despite our knowledge of CYB5R3 in human health and disease, the other reductases in the CYB5R family have been understudied, providing an opportunity to unravel critical function(s) for these enzymes in physiology and disease. In this review, we aim to provide the broad scientific community an up-to-date overview of the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of CYB5R proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hall
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mate Katona
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Zhu J, Yang Q, Li H, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang H, Cong L, Xu J, Shen Z, Chen W, Zeng X, Wang M, Lei M, Sun Y. Sirt3 deficiency accelerates ovarian senescence without affecting spermatogenesis in aging mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:511-525. [PMID: 36336229 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), the main deacetylase in the mitochondria, maintains cellular energy metabolism and redox balance by deacetylating mitochondrial proteins in a NAD+-dependent manner. Growing evidence indicates that decreased Sirt3 expression is involved in various age-related maladies. However, the role of Sirt3 in ovarian and testicular senescence remains unclear. In this study, we observed that sirt3 expression showed age-dependent decreases in the ovary but not the testis. We generated Sirt3 null mice via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. We observed that Sirt3 deletion accelerated ovarian aging, as shown by a decrease in offspring sizes, the follicle reserve and oocytes markers (Bmp15 and Gdf9) as well as increased expression of aging and inflammation-related genes (p16, p21, Il-1α, and Il-1β). Sirt3 deficiency led to an accumulation of superoxide and disruption of spindle assembly accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction (uneven mitochondria distribution, decreased mitochondrial potential as well as reduced mitochondrial DNA content) in aging oocytes. Meanwhile, in ovaries of Sirt3 null mice, the impaired mitochondrial functions were shown by decreases in mitochondrial respiratory complexes, along with lower levels of mitochondrial fusion (OPA1, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1) proteins. er levels of mitochondrial fusion (OPA1, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1) proteins. Interestingly, Sirt3-/- male mice exhibited no changes on the testicular histology, serum testosterone levels, germ-cell proliferation, and differentiation of spermatogonia. Meiotic prophase I spermatocytes were also normal. Levels of superoxide, mitochondrial potential as well as expression of mitochondrially-encoded genes were unaltered in Sirt3-/- testes. Collectively, the results indicated that SIRT3 plays a critical role in maintaining the ovarian follicle reserve and oocyte quality in aging mice, suggesting its important role in controlling ovarian senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luping Cong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Shen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Yao Y, Ren Z, Yang R, Mei Y, Dai Y, Cheng Q, Xu C, Xu X, Wang S, Kim KM, Noh JH, Zhu J, Zhao N, Liu YU, Mao G, Sima J. Salidroside reduces neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease models by targeting NRF2/SIRT3 pathway. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:180. [PMCID: PMC9636768 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurite dystrophy is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, drug discovery targeting neurite protection in AD remains largely unexplored. Methods Aβ-induced neurite and mitochondrial damage assays were used to evaluate Aβ toxicity and the neuroprotective efficacy of a natural compound salidroside (SAL). The 5×FAD transgenic mouse model of AD was used to study the neuroprotective function of SAL. To verify the direct target of SAL, we used surface plasmon resonance and cellular thermal shift assays to analyze the drug-protein interaction. Results SAL ameliorates Aβ-mediated neurite damage in cell culture. We further reveal that SAL represses mitochondrial damage in neurites by promoting mitophagy and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, dependent on an NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT3. In AD mice, SAL protects neurite morphology, mitigates Aβ pathology, and improves cognitive function, which are all SIRT3-dependent. Notably, SAL directly binds to transcription factor NRF2, inhibits its degradation by blocking its interaction with KEAP1 ubiquitin ligase, and then advances NRF2-mediated SIRT3 transcription. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrate that SAL, a potential anti-aging drug candidate, attenuates AD pathology by targeting NRF2/SIRT3 pathway for mitochondrial and neurite protection. Drug discovery strategies focusing on SAL may thus provide promising therapeutics for AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00918-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Yao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhichu Ren
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yilan Mei
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yuying Dai
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Qian Cheng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Chong Xu
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics, Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - Sanying Wang
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics, Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - Kyoung Mi Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jian Zhu
- grid.255392.a0000 0004 1936 7777Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920 USA
| | - Ningwei Zhao
- China Exposomics Institute, 781 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Yong U. Liu
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Laboratory for Neuroscience in Health and Disease, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180 China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics, Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - Jian Sima
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
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Siegel D, Harris PS, Michel CR, de Cabo R, Fritz KS, Ross D. Redox state and the sirtuin deacetylases are major factors that regulate the acetylation status of the stress protein NQO1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015642. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress induced protein NQO1 can participate in a wide range of biological pathways which are dependent upon the interaction of NQO1 with protein targets. Many of the protein-protein interactions involving NQO1 have been shown to be regulated by the pyridine nucleotide redox balance. NQO1 can modify its conformation as a result of redox changes in pyridine nucleotides and sites on the C-terminal and helix seven regions of NQO1 have been identified as potential areas that may be involved in redox-dependent protein-protein interactions. Since post-translational modifications can modify the functionality of proteins, we examined whether redox-dependent conformational changes induced in NQO1 would alter lysine acetylation. Recombinant NQO1 was incubated with and without NADH then acetylated non-enzymatically by acetic anhydride or S-acetylglutathione (Ac-GSH). NQO1 acetylation was determined by immunoblot and site-specific lysine acetylation was quantified by mass spectrometry (MS). NQO1 was readily acetylated by acetic anhydride and Ac-GSH. Interestingly, despite a large number of lysine residues (9%) in NQO1 only a small subset of lysines were acetylated and the majority of these were located in or near the functional C-terminal or helix seven regions. Reduction of NQO1 by NADH prior to acetylation resulted in almost complete protection of NQO1 from lysine acetylation as confirmed by immunoblot analysis and MS. Lysines located within the redox-active C-terminus and helix seven regions were readily acetylated when NQO1 was in an oxidized conformation but were protected from acetylation when NQO1 was in the reduced conformation. To investigate regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic deacetylation, NQO1 was acetylated by Ac-GSH then exposed to purified sirtuins (SIRT 1-3) or histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). NQO1 could be deacetylated by all sirtuin isoforms and quantitative MS analysis performed using SIRT2 revealed very robust deacetylation of NQO1, specifically at K262 and K271 in the C-terminal region. No deacetylation of NQO1 by HDAC6 was detected. These data demonstrate that the same subset of key lysine residues in the C-terminal and helix seven regions of NQO1 undergo redox dependent acetylation and are regulated by sirtuin-mediated deacetylation.
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Kadry MO, Ammar NM, Hassan HA, Abdel Megeed RM. Insights on attenuating autophagy cellular and molecular pathways versus methotrexate-induced toxicity via liposomal turmeric therapy. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:147. [DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Methotrexate (MX), a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, can inhibit DNA and RNA production and is a powerful anticancer agent widely utilized in clinical practice for treating nonneoplastic maladies, as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis; meanwhile, its probable prescription dose and interval of administration are strictly limited due to dose-related organ damage. Former studies verified that kidney, brain, liver, and lung harms are prospective obstacles of methotrexate administration. To understand the machinery of methotrexate-prompt toxicity, various mechanisms were investigated. The former is an autophagy defense mechanism; autophagy is a self-digesting mechanism responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and malformed proteins by lysosome. The contemporary article hypothesized that turmeric or its liposomal analog could defeat autophagy of MX-induced acute toxicity. Methotrexate, in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, was administered intravenously followed by turmeric and liposomal turmeric treatment in a dose of 5 mg/kg for 30 days in rats.
Results
Increment in autophagy (AUTP) consent by MX administration was attenuated by concurrent treatment via turmeric and liposomal turmeric that was reliable on the alteration in apoptotic markers. The assembly of FOXO-3 in serum post methotrexate administration was suppressed by concurrent treatment via liposomal turmeric. Apoptosis/autophagic marker investigation was evaluated through the gene expression of Bax (BCL2-associated X protein)/Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)/P53 (tumor protein P53)/SiRT-1 (sirtuin silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1) and FOXO-3 (forkhead box transcription factor-3)/ERDJ-4 (endoplasmic reticulum localized DnaJ homologs)/BNP (brain natriuretic peptide B) signaling. The cell death of all cells was categorized to achieve autophagy. Interestingly, Bax/Bcl2/P53/SiRT-1 signaling pathways were downregulated, contributing to inhibiting the initiation of autophagy. Meanwhile, FOXO-3/BNP/ERDJ-4 reduction-implicated noncanonical autophagy pathways were involved in methotrexate-induced autophagy, whereas this change was suppressed when turmeric was administered in liposomal form.
Conclusion
These outcomes recommended that liposomal turmeric prevents MX-induced acute toxicity through its autophagy, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Akan OD, Qin D, Guo T, Lin Q, Luo F. Sirtfoods: New Concept Foods, Functions, and Mechanisms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192955. [PMID: 36230032 PMCID: PMC9563801 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtfood is a new concept food that compounds diets that can target sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRTs are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases (enzymes). SIRTs are mediators of calorie restriction (CR) and their activation can achieve some effects similar to CR. SIRTs play essential roles in ameliorating obesity and age-related metabolic diseases. Food ingredients such as resveratrol, piceatannol, anthocyanidin, and quinine are potential modulators of SIRTs. SIRT modulators are involved in autophagy, apoptosis, aging, inflammation, and energy homeostasis. Sirtfood proponents believe that natural Sirtfood recipes exert significant health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otobong Donald Akan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa-Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Uyo 1167, Nigeria
| | - Dandan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-85623240
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The Association between Clusterin Sialylation Degree and Levels of Oxidative–Antioxidant Balance Markers in Seminal Plasmas and Blood Sera of Male Partners with Abnormal Sperm Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810598. [PMID: 36142505 PMCID: PMC9501354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 30% of infertility cases are caused by male factor. This study aimed at checking the associations between the sialylation degree of glycoprotein clusterin (CLU) and levels of oxidative–antioxidant balance markers in infertile men. Using lectin-ELISA with biotinylated lectins specific to α2,6-linked (Sambucus nigra agglutinin, SNA) and α2,3-linked (Maackia amurensis agglutinin, MAA) sialic acid (SA), the CLU sialylation in 132 seminal plasmas (SP) and 91 blood sera (BS) were analyzed. Oxidative–antioxidant status was measured by determining Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), Sirtuin-5 (SIRT5), total antioxidant status (TAS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels. We indicate that multiple sperm disorders are associated with decreased expression of MAA-reactive SA in SP. Decreased SP SIRT3 concentrations may be associated with teratozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. ROC curve and cluster analysis revealed that SP relative reactivity of CLU glycans with MAA, the value of MAA/SNA ratio, and SIRT3 and SIRT5 concentrations may constitute an additional set of markers differentiating infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients (OAT) from normozoospermic (N), asthenoteratozoospermic (AT) and teratozoospermic (T). The multinomial logistic regression analysis confirmed the potential utility of SIRT3 determinations for differentiation between N and OAT groups as well as between N and T groups for SIRT3 and SIRT5. For BS, based on ROC curve and cluster analysis, relative reactivities of CLU glycans with SNA, MAA, SIRT3 and FRAP concentrations may be useful in the differentiation of normozoospermic patients from those with sperm disorders. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the SNA relative reactivity with CLU glycans significantly differentiated the N group from AT, OAT and T groups, and FRAP concentrations significantly differed between N and AT groups, which additionally confirms the potential utility of these biomarkers in the differentiation of infertile patients with abnormal sperm parameters. The knowledge about associations between examined parameters may also influence future research aimed at seeking new male infertility therapies.
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Kuznetsov VI, Liu WH, Klein MA, Denu JM. Potent Activation of NAD +-Dependent Deacetylase Sirt7 by Nucleosome Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2248-2261. [PMID: 35939806 PMCID: PMC9499614 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-7 (Sirt7) is a nuclear NAD+-dependent deacetylase with a broad spectrum of biological functions. Sirt7 overexpression is linked to several pathological states and enhances anticancer drug resistance, making the enzyme a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics. Despite a plethora of reported in vivo functions, the biochemical characterization of recombinant Sirt7 remains inadequate for the development of novel drug candidates. Here, we conduct an extensive biochemical analysis of Sirt7 using newly developed binding and kinetic assays to reveal that the enzyme preferentially interacts with and is activated by nucleosomes. Sirt7 activation by nucleic acids alone is effective toward long-chain acylated hydrophobic substrates, while only nucleosome binding leads to 105-fold activation of the deacetylase activity. Using endogenous chromatin and recombinant acetylated nucleosomes, we reveal that Sirt7 is one of the most efficient deacetylases in the sirtuin family and that its catalytic activity is limited by the rate of dissociation from deacetylated nucleosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav I. Kuznetsov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Wallace H. Liu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Mark A. Klein
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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30
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Rajkhowa B, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Suri M, Kumar S, Bhalla S, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alkahtani N, Alghamdi S, Kalfin R. Activating SIRT-1 Signalling with the Mitochondrial-CoQ10 Activator Solanesol Improves Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in Ouabain-Induced Experimental Model of Bipolar Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080959. [PMID: 36015107 PMCID: PMC9415079 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Several studies have linked the downregulation of SIRT-1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologs) signaling to the onset of BD and other neurological dysfunctions. This research aimed to look into the neuroprotective potential of Solanesol (SNL) in rats given ICV-Ouabain injections, focusing on its effect on SIRT-1 signaling activation in the brain. Ouabain, found in hypothalamic and medullary neurons, is an endogenous inhibitor of brain Na+/K+ ATPase. The inhibition of brain Na+/K+ ATPase by Ouabain may also result in changes in neurotransmission within the central nervous system. SNL is a Solanaceae family active phytoconstituent produced from the plant Nicotiana tabacum. SNL is used as a precursor for the production of CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10), a powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. In the current study, lithium (Li), an important mood stabilizer drug, was used as a control. This study looked at the neuroprotective potential of SNL at dosages of 40 and 80 mg/kg in ICV-OUA injections that caused BD-like neurobehavioral and neurochemical defects in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were placed into eight groups (n = 6) and administered 1 mM/0.5 µL ICV-OUA injections for three days. Neurochemical assessments were done in rat brain homogenates, CSF, and blood plasma samples at the end of the experiment protocol schedule. Long-term SNL and lithium administration have been shown to decrease the number of rearing and crossings and reduce time spent in the center, locomotor activities, and immobility time. Solansesol treatment gradually raises the amount of Na+/K+ ATPase, limiting the severity of behavioural symptoms. These findings also revealed that SNL increases the levels of SIRT-1 in CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenate samples. Moreover, in rat brain homogenates and blood plasma samples, SNL modulates apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). Mitochondrial-ETC complex enzymes, including complex-I, II, IV, V, and CoQ10, were also restored following long-term SNL treatment. Furthermore, SNL lowered inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) levels while restoring neurotransmitter levels (serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and acetylcholine) and decreasing oxidative stress markers. Histological examinations also validated Solanesol’s protective effect. As a result, our findings suggest that SNL, as a SIRT-1 signalling activator, may be a promising therapeutic approach for BD-like neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Rajkhowa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8059889909
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nora Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
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Pharmacological Approaches to Decelerate Aging: A Promising Path. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4201533. [PMID: 35860429 PMCID: PMC9293537 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4201533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging or senescence is a course in which cellular function decreases over a period of time and is a consequence of altered signaling mechanisms that are triggered in stressed cells leading to cell damage. Aging is among the principal risk factors for many chronic illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Taking this into account, targeting fundamental aging mechanisms therapeutically may effectively impact numerous chronic illnesses. Selecting ideal therapeutic options in order to hinder the process of aging and decelerate the progression of age-related diseases is valuable. Along therapeutic options, life style modifications may well render the process of aging. The process of aging is affected by alteration in many cellular and signaling pathways amid which mTOR, SIRT1, and AMPK pathways are the most emphasized. Herein, we have discussed the mechanisms of aging focusing mainly on the mentioned pathways as well as the role of inflammation and autophagy in aging. Moreover, drugs and natural products with antiaging properties are discussed in detail.
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Beegum F, P V A, George KT, K P D, Begum F, Krishnadas N, Shenoy RR. Sirtuins as therapeutic targets for improving delayed wound healing in diabetes. J Drug Target 2022; 30:911-926. [PMID: 35787722 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2085729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a vast family of histone deacetylases, which are NAD+ dependent enzymes, consisting of seven members, namely SIRT 1, SIRT 6 and SIRT 7 located within the nucleus, SIRT 2 in the cytoplasm and SIRT 3, SIRT 4, and SIRT 5 in the mitochondria. They have vital roles in regulating various biological functions such as age-related metabolic disorders, inflammation, stress response, cardiovascular and neuronal functions. Delayed wound healing is one of the complication of diabetes, which can lead to lower limb amputation if not treated timely. SIRT 1, 3 and 6 are potent targets for diabetic wound healing. SIRT 1 deficiency reduces recruitment of fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils to wound site and delays wound healing; negatively expressing MMP-9. The SIRT 1 mediated signalling pathway in diabetic wound healing is the SIRT 1-foxo-C-Myc pathway. On the contrary SIRT 3 deficiency, impairs proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and SIRT 6 deficiency impairs wound closure rate and interrupts the vascular remodelling. This review focuses on the role of sirtuins in improving delayed wound healing in diabetes and its natural modulators with their specific functions towards healing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuranjana P V
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya K P
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Farmiza Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar Krishnadas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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McGinnis CD, Jennings EQ, Harris PS, Galligan JJ, Fritz KS. Biochemical Mechanisms of Sirtuin-Directed Protein Acylation in Hepatic Pathologies of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132045. [PMID: 35805129 PMCID: PMC9266223 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein acetylation is associated with a host of diseases including cancer, Alzheimer’s, and metabolic syndrome. Deciphering the mechanisms regarding how protein acetylation contributes to disease pathologies remains difficult due to the complex diversity of pathways targeted by lysine acetylation. Specifically, protein acetylation is thought to direct feedback from metabolism, whereby nutritional status influences mitochondrial pathways including beta-oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Acetylation provides a crucial connection between hepatic metabolism and mitochondrial function. Dysregulation of protein acetylation throughout the cell can alter mitochondrial function and is associated with numerous liver diseases, including non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review introduces biochemical mechanisms of protein acetylation in the regulation of mitochondrial function and hepatic diseases and offers a viewpoint on the potential for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D. McGinnis
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.D.M.); (P.S.H.)
| | - Erin Q. Jennings
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (E.Q.J.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Peter S. Harris
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.D.M.); (P.S.H.)
| | - James J. Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (E.Q.J.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Kristofer S. Fritz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.D.M.); (P.S.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang S, Hu S. The Role of Sirtuins in Osteogenic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:894692. [PMID: 35722093 PMCID: PMC9198215 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.894692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a common pathological change in many chronic diseases, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. It is mainly deposited in the intima and media of vessels in the form of hydroxyapatite. Recently, a lot of research has been performed to show that VC is associated with various cellular stresses, such as hyperphosphate, hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, our understanding of the pathogenesis of calcification is far from comprehensive. Sirtuins belong to a family of class III highly conserved deacetylases that are involved in the regulation of biological and cellular processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, DNA repair, etc. Numerous studies have shown that sirtuins might play protective roles in VC, and restoring the activity of sirtuins may be a potentially effective treatment for VC. However, the exact mechanism of their vascular protection remains unclear. Here, we reviewed the roles of sirtuins in the osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the development of VC. We also elucidated the applications of sirtuins agonists for the treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopedic Center, The First People's Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, China
- *Correspondence: Siwang Hu
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Chen Y, Zhou D, Feng Y, Li B, Cui Y, Chen G, Li N. Association of sirtuins (SIRT1-7) with lung and intestinal diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2539-2552. [PMID: 35594000 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
"Exterior-interior correlation between the lung and large intestine" is one of the important contents of traditional Chinese medicine. This theory describes the role of the lung and the intestine in association with disease treatment. The "lung-gut" axis is a modern extension of the "exterior-interior correlation between lung and large intestine" theory in TCM. Sirtuin (SIRT) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzyme family with deacetylase properties, which is highly conserved from bacteria to humans. The sirtuin defines seven silencing regulatory proteins (SIRT1-7) in human cells. It can regulate aging, metabolism, and certain diseases. Current studies have shown that sirtuins have dual characteristics, acting as both tumor promoters and tumor inhibitors in cancers. This paper provides a comparative summary of the roles of SIRT1-7 in the intestine and lung (both inflammatory diseases and tumors), and the promoter/suppressor effects of targeting SIRT family microRNAs and modulators of inflammation or tumors. Sirtuins have great potential as drug targets for the treatment of intestinal and respiratory diseases. Meanwhile, it may provide new ideas of future drug target research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cui
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Ramakrishnan M, Papolu PK, Satish L, Vinod KK, Wei Q, Sharma A, Emamverdian A, Zou LH, Zhou M. Redox status of the plant cell determines epigenetic modifications under abiotic stress conditions and during developmental processes. J Adv Res 2022; 42:99-116. [PMID: 35690579 PMCID: PMC9788946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidation-reduction (redox) status of the cell influences or regulates transcription factors and enzymes involved in epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone protein modifications, and chromatin structure and remodeling. These changes are crucial regulators of chromatin architecture, leading to differential gene expression in eukaryotes. But the cell's redox homeostasis is difficult to sustain since the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is not equal in plants at different developmental stages and under abiotic stress conditions. Exceeding optimum ROS and RNS levels leads to oxidative stress and thus alters the redox status of the cell. Consequently, this alteration modulates intracellular epigenetic modifications that either mitigate or mediate the plant growth and stress response. AIM OF REVIEW Recent studies suggest that the altered redox status of the cell reform the cellular functions and epigenetic changes. Recent high-throughput techniques have also greatly advanced redox-mediated gene expression discovery, but the integrated view of the redox status, and its associations with epigenetic changes and subsequent gene expression in plants are still scarce. In this review, we accordingly focus on how the redox status of the cell affects epigenetic modifications in plants under abiotic stress conditions and during developmental processes. This is a first comprehensive review on the redox status of the cell covering the redox components and signaling, redox status alters the post-translational modification of proteins, intracellular epigenetic modifications, redox interplay during DNA methylation, redox regulation of histone acetylation and methylation, redox regulation of miRNA biogenesis, redox regulation of chromatin structure and remodeling and conclusion, future perspectives and biotechnological opportunities for the future development of the plants. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The interaction of redox mediators such as ROS, RNS and antioxidants regulates redox homeostasis and redox-mediated epigenetic changes. We discuss how redox mediators modulate epigenetic changes and show the opportunities for smart use of the redox status of the cell in plant development and abiotic stress adaptation. However, how a redox mediator triggers epigenetic modification without activating other redox mediators remains yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pradeep K Papolu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, & The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva - 84105, Israel; Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam 623519, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Qiang Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Abolghassem Emamverdian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long-Hai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Centre for Bamboo Resources and High-efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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37
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Deniz FSŞ, Eren G, Orhan IE. Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:790-805. [PMID: 35466876 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220422094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD+-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc. Among them, the best characterized one is SIRT1. Actually, small molecules seem to be the most effective SIRT modulators. Flavonoids have been reported to possess many positive effects favrable for human health, while a relatively less research has been reported so far on their funcions as SIRT modulation mechanisms. In this regard, we herein aimed to focus on modulatory effects of flavonoids on SIRTs as the most common secondary metabolites in natural products. Our literature survey covering the years of 2006-2021 pointed out that flavonoids frequently interact with SIRT1 and SIRT3 followed by SIRT6. It can be also concluded that some popular flavonoid derivatives, e.g. resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin derivatives came forward in terms of SIRT modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökçen Eren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara
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Oliviero G, Kovalchuk S, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Schwämmle V, Jensen ON. Distinct and diverse chromatin-proteomes of ageing mouse organs reveal protein signatures that correlate with physiological functions. eLife 2022; 11:73524. [PMID: 35259090 PMCID: PMC8933006 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal molecular changes in ageing mammalian organs are of relevance to disease aetiology because many age-related diseases are linked to changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic machinery that regulate gene expression. We performed quantitative proteome analysis of chromatin-enriched protein extracts to investigate the dynamics of the chromatin proteomes of the mouse brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and spleen at 3, 5, 10, and 15 months of age. Each organ exhibited a distinct chromatin proteome and sets of unique proteins. The brain and spleen chromatin proteomes were the most extensive, diverse, and heterogenous among the six organs. The spleen chromatin proteome appeared static during the lifespan, presenting a young phenotype that reflects the permanent alertness state and important role of this organ in physiological defence and immunity. We identified a total of 5928 proteins, including 2472 nuclear or chromatin-associated proteins across the six mouse organs. Up to 3125 proteins were quantified in each organ, demonstrating distinct and organ-specific temporal protein expression timelines and regulation at the post-translational level. Bioinformatics meta-analysis of these chromatin proteomes revealed distinct physiological and ageing-related features for each organ. Our results demonstrate the efficiency of organelle-specific proteomics for in vivo studies of a model organism and consolidate the hypothesis that chromatin-associated proteins are involved in distinct and specific physiological functions in ageing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Oliviero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, Horn WF, Keim NL, Krishnan GP, Krishnan S. Satiety Associated with Calorie Restriction and Time-Restricted Feeding: Central Neuroendocrine Integration. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:758-791. [PMID: 35134815 PMCID: PMC9156369 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on summarizing current knowledge on how time-restricted feeding (TRF) and continuous caloric restriction (CR) affect central neuroendocrine systems involved in regulating satiety. Several interconnected regions of the hypothalamus, brainstem, and cortical areas of the brain are involved in the regulation of satiety. Following CR and TRF, the increase in hunger and reduction in satiety signals of the melanocortin system [neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)] appear similar between CR and TRF protocols, as do the dopaminergic responses in the mesocorticolimbic circuit. However, ghrelin and leptin signaling via the melanocortin system appears to improve energy balance signals and reduce hyperphagia following TRF, which has not been reported in CR. In addition to satiety systems, CR and TRF also influence circadian rhythms. CR influences the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or the primary circadian clock as seen by increased clock gene expression. In contrast, TRF appears to affect both the SCN and the peripheral clocks, as seen by phasic changes in the non-SCN (potentially the elusive food entrainable oscillator) and metabolic clocks. The peripheral clocks are influenced by the primary circadian clock but are also entrained by food timing, sleep timing, and other lifestyle parameters, which can supersede the metabolic processes that are regulated by the primary circadian clock. Taken together, TRF influences hunger/satiety, energy balance systems, and circadian rhythms, suggesting a role for adherence to CR in the long run if implemented using the TRF approach. However, these suggestions are based on only a few studies, and future investigations that use standardized protocols for the evaluation of the effect of these diet patterns (time, duration, meal composition, sufficiently powered) are necessary to verify these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K M Tacad
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA–Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ashley P Tovar
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William F Horn
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA–Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA–Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Potential of Polyphenols to Restore SIRT1 and NAD+ Metabolism in Renal Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030653. [PMID: 35277012 PMCID: PMC8837945 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase that is abundantly expressed in the kidney, where it modulates gene expression, apoptosis, energy homeostasis, autophagy, acute stress responses, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Alterations in SIRT1 activity and NAD+ metabolism are frequently observed in acute and chronic kidney diseases of diverse origins, including obesity and diabetes. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials with humans show that the SIRT1-activating compounds derived from natural sources, such as polyphenols found in fruits, vegetables, and plants, including resveratrol, quercetin, and isoflavones, can prevent disease and be part of treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Here, we summarize the roles of SIRT1 and NAD+ metabolism in renal pathophysiology and provide an overview of polyphenols that have the potential to restore SIRT1 and NAD+ metabolism in renal diseases.
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Obesity and Male Reproduction: Do Sirtuins Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020973. [PMID: 35055159 PMCID: PMC8779691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major current public health problem of global significance. A progressive sperm quality decline, and a decline in male fertility, have been reported in recent decades. Several studies have reported a strict relationship between obesity and male reproductive dysfunction. Among the many mechanisms by which obesity impairs male gonadal function, sirtuins (SIRTs) have an emerging role. SIRTs are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that play a role in gene regulation, metabolism, aging, and cancer. SIRTs regulate the energy balance, the lipid balance, glucose metabolism, and adipogenesis, but current evidence also indicates a role for SIRTs in male reproduction. However, the majority of the studies have been conducted in animal models and very few have been conducted with humans. This review shows that SIRTs play an important role among the molecular mechanisms by which obesity interferes with male fertility. This highlights the need to deepen this relationship. It will be of particular interest to evaluate whether synthetic and/or natural compounds capable of modifying the activity of SIRTs may also be useful for the treatment of obesity and its effects on gonadal function. Although few studies have explored the role of SIRT activators in obesity-induced male infertility, some molecules, such as resveratrol, appear to be effective in modulating SIRT activity, as well as counteracting the negative effects of obesity on male fertility. The search for strategies to improve male reproductive function in overweight/obese patients is a challenge and understanding the role of SIRTs and their activators may open new interesting scenarios in the coming years.
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Zhang X, Liu H, Zhou JQ, Krick S, Barnes JW, Thannickal VJ, Sanders YY. Modulation of H4K16Ac levels reduces pro-fibrotic gene expression and mitigates lung fibrosis in aged mice. Theranostics 2022; 12:530-541. [PMID: 34976199 PMCID: PMC8692895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H4 lysine16 acetylation (H4K16Ac) modulates chromatin structure by serving as a switch from a repressive to a transcriptionally active state. This euchromatin mark is associated with active transcription. In this study, we investigated the effects of H4K16Ac on the expression of pro-fibrotic genes in lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in an aging murine model of lung fibrosis. Methods: The lung tissues and fibroblasts from human IPF/non-IPF donors and from aged mice with/without bleomycin induced lung fibrosis were used in this study. The H4K16Ac levels were examined by immunohistochemistry or western blots. RNA silencing of H4K16Ac acetyltransferase Mof was used to reduce H4K16Ac levels in IPF fibroblasts. The effects of reduced H4K16Ac on pro-fibrotic gene expression were examined by western blots and real-time PCR. The association of H4K16Ac with these genes' promoter region were evaluated by ChIP assays. The gene expression profile in siRNA Mof transfected IPF cells were determined by RNA-Seq. The impact of H4K16Ac levels on lung fibrosis was evaluated in an aging murine model. Results: Aged mice with bleomycin induced lung fibrosis showed increased H4K16Ac levels. Human lung fibroblasts with siRNA Mof silencing demonstrated reduced H4K16Ac, and significantly down-regulated profibrotic genes, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, Nox4, and survivin. ChIP assays confirmed the associations of these pro-fibrotic genes' promoter region with H4K16Ac, while in siRNA Mof transfected cells the promoter/H4K16Ac associations were depleted. RNA-seq data demonstrated that Mof knockdown altered gene expression and cellular pathways, including cell damage and repair. In the aging mice model of persistent lung fibrosis, 18-month old mice given intra-nasal siRNA Mof from week 3 to 6 following bleomycin injury showed improved lung architecture, decreased total hydroxyproline content and lower levels of H4K16Ac. Conclusions: These results indicate a critical epigenetic regulatory role for histone H4K16Ac in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, which will aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Zullo A, Guida R, Sciarrillo R, Mancini FP. Redox Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Mitochondrial Sirtuins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:858330. [PMID: 35370975 PMCID: PMC8971707 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite successful advances in both pharmacological and lifestyle strategies to fight well-established risk factors, the burden of CVD is still increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease for developing novel therapies to limit even more its related morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress has been identified as a common trait of several manifestations of CVD and could be a promising target for innovative treatments. Mitochondria are a major source of oxidative stress and sirtuins are a family of enzymes that generate different post-translational protein modifications, thus regulating important cellular processes, including cell cycle, autophagy, gene expression, and others. In particular, three sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are located within the mitochondrial matrix where they regulate energy production and antioxidant pathways. Therefore, these sirtuins are strongly involved in the balance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the activities of these sirtuins with a special focus on their role in the control of oxidative stress, in relation to energy metabolism, atherosclerosis, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Guida
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco P. Mancini, ; Rosaria Sciarrillo,
| | - Francesco P. Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco P. Mancini, ; Rosaria Sciarrillo,
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The Mitochondrial Antioxidant Sirtuin3 Cooperates with Lipid Metabolism to Safeguard Neurogenesis in Aging and Depression. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010090. [PMID: 35011652 PMCID: PMC8750385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), crucial for memory in the adult brain, are also pivotal to buffer depressive behavior. However, the mechanisms underlying the boost in NSC activity throughout life are still largely undiscovered. Here, we aimed to explore the role of deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a central player in mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative protection, in the fate of NSC under aging and depression-like contexts. We showed that chronic treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide induces NSC aging, markedly reducing SIRT3 protein. SIRT3 overexpression, in turn, restored mitochondrial oxidative stress and the differentiation potential of aged NSCs. Notably, SIRT3 was also shown to physically interact with the long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) in NSCs and to require its activation to prevent age-impaired neurogenesis. Finally, the SIRT3 regulatory network was investigated in vivo using the unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) paradigm to mimic depressive-like behavior in mice. Interestingly, uCMS mice presented lower levels of neurogenesis and LCAD expression in the same neurogenic niches, being significantly rescued by physical exercise, a well-known upregulator of SIRT3 and lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that targeting NSC metabolism, namely through SIRT3, might be a suitable promising strategy to delay NSC aging and confer stress resilience.
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Glumoff T, Sowa ST, Lehtiö L. Assay technologies facilitating drug discovery for ADP-ribosyl writers, readers and erasers. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100240. [PMID: 34816463 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by writer enzymes - ADP-ribosyltransferases. The modification is part of many signaling events, can modulate the function and stability of target proteins, and often results in the recruitment of reader proteins that bind to the ADP-ribosyl groups. Erasers are integral actors in these signaling events and reverse the modification. ADP-ribosylation can be targeted with therapeutics and many inhibitors against writers exist, with some being in clinical use. Inhibitors against readers and erasers are sparser and development of these has gained momentum only in recent years. Drug discovery has been hampered by the lack of specific tools, however many significant advances in the methods have recently been reported. We discuss assays used in the field with a focus on methods allowing efficient identification of small molecule inhibitors and profiling against enzyme families. While human proteins are focused, the methods can be also applied to bacterial toxins and virus encoded erasers that can be targeted to treat infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multifaced role of protein deacetylase sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:976-997. [PMID: 34742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is a central regulator of metabolic function and cellular stress response. This plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins regulate biological and cellular processes, for instance, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, gene transcriptional activity, apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA repair mechanism, and autophagic cell degradation, which are known components for the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins are the useful molecular targets against NDDs like, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact mechanism of neuroprotection mediated through sirtuins remains unsettled. The manipulation of sirtuins activity with its modulators, calorie restriction (CR), and micro RNAs (miR) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of NDDs. Herein, we reviewed the current putative therapeutic role of sirtuins in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, which are mediated through the different molecular phenomenon to prevent neurodegeneration. We also explained the implications of sirtuin modulators, and miR based therapies for the treatment of life-threatening NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Tripathi A, Scaini G, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Pillai A. Mitophagy in depression: Pathophysiology and treatment targets. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:1-10. [PMID: 34478906 PMCID: PMC8962570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of eukaryotic cells, play a key role in cellular homeostasis. However, defective mitochondria increase mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, leading to increased inflammation. Mitophagy is a vital pathway, which selectively removes defective mitochondria through the process of autophagy. Thus, an impairment in the mitophagy pathway might trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of depression. In this article, we have reviewed the role of impaired mitophagy as a contributing factor in depression pathophysiology. Further, we have discussed the potential therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating mitophagy in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Impact of Dietary Modifications on Plasma Sirtuins 1, 3 and 5 in Older Overweight Individuals Undergoing 12-Weeks of Circuit Training. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113824. [PMID: 34836079 PMCID: PMC8624957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that regulate numerous pathways such as mitochondrial energy metabolism in the human body. Lower levels of these enzymes were linked to diseases such as diabetes mellitus and were also described as a result of aging. Sirtuins were previously shown to be under the control of exercise and diet, which are modifiable lifestyle factors. In this study, we analyzed SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT5 in blood from a subset of healthy elderly participants who took part in a 12-week randomized, controlled trial during which they performed, twice-weekly, resistance and aerobic training only (EX), the exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC), the exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO), or received no treatment and served as the control group (CON). In all study groups performing exercise, a significant increase in activities of SIRT1 (EX: +0.15 U/mg (+0.56/−[−0.16]), EXDC: +0.25 U/mg (+0.52/−0.06), EXCO: +0.40 U/mg (+0.88/−[−0.12])) and SIRT3 (EX: +0.80 U/mg (+3.18/−0.05), EXDC: 0.95 U/mg (+3.88/−0.55), EXCO: 1.60 U/mg (+2.85/−0.70)) was detected. Group comparisons revealed that differences in SIRT1 activity in EXCO and EXDC differed significantly from CON (CON vs. EXCO, p = 0.003; CON vs. EXDC, p = 0.010). For SIRT3, increases in all three intervention groups were significantly different from CON (CON vs. EX, p = 0.007; CON vs. EXDC, p < 0.001, CON vs. EXCO, p = 0.004). In contrast, differences in SIRT5-activities were less pronounced. Altogether, the analyses showed that the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3 increased in response to the exercise intervention and that this increase may potentially be enhanced by additional dietary modifications.
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Abedimanesh N, Asghari S, Mohammadnejad K, Daneshvar Z, Rahmani S, Shokoohi S, Farzaneh AH, Hosseini SH, Jafari Anarkooli I, Noubarani M, Andalib S, Eskandari MR, Motlagh B. The anti-diabetic effects of betanin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through modulating AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:92. [PMID: 34656137 PMCID: PMC8520181 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last few years, the effects of bioactive food components have received much attention because of their beneficial effects including decreasing inflammation, scavenging free radicals, and regulating cell signaling pathways. Betanin as a potent antioxidant has been previously reported to exhibit anti diabetic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of betanin on glycemic control, lipid profile, hepatic function tests, as well as the gene expression levels of 5′ adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‑κB) in streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.
Methods Diabetes was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats by intraperitoneal administration of STZ. Different doses of betanin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg.b.w) was administered to diabetic rats for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were measured. The histopathology of liver and pancreas tissue evaluated. Real-time PCR was performed to assess gene expression levels. Results Treatment of diabetic rats with betanin (10 and 20 mg/kg.b.w) reduced FBG levels compared to the control diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Betanin at the dose of 20 mg/kg.b.w was most effective in increasing serum insulin levels (P < 0.001) improving glucose tolerance test (GTT) as well as improvement in lipid profile and liver enzymes levels. According to histopathologic assay, different damages induced by STZ to liver and pancreas tissues was largely eliminated by treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg.b.w of betanin. Betanin also significantly upregulated the AMPK and SIRT1 and downregulated the NF-κB mRNA expression compared to the diabetic control rats (P < 0.05). Conclusion Betanin could modulate AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway and this may be one of its anti-diabetic molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Abedimanesh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Mohammadnejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Daneshvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Soudeh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shokoohi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Hasan Farzaneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Noubarani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sina Andalib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. .,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Motlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Sirtuins as Interesting Players in the Course of HIV Infection and Comorbidities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102739. [PMID: 34685718 PMCID: PMC8534645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of enzymes from the group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Through the reaction of splitting the acetyl group of various transcription factors and histones they regulate many processes in the organism. The activity of sirtuins is linked to metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and they also affect the course of viral infections. For this reason, they may participate in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, but little is known about their role in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is the subject of this review. In the course of HIV infection, comorbidities such as: neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases, renal and bone diseases developed more frequently and faster compared to the general population. The role of sirtuins in the development of accompanying diseases in the course of HIV infection may also be interesting. There is still a lack of detailed information on this subject. The role of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, are indicated to be of great importance in the course of HIV infection and the development of the abovementioned comorbidities.
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