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Jiang ZZ, Chu M, Yan LN, Zhang WK, Li B, Xu J, Zhao ZX, Han HJ, Zhou CM, Yu XJ. SFTSV nucleoprotein mediates DNA sensor cGAS degradation to suppress cGAS-dependent antiviral responses. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0379623. [PMID: 38712963 PMCID: PMC11237745 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03796-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an important DNA pattern recognition receptor that senses double-stranded DNA derived from invading pathogens or self DNA in cytoplasm, leading to an antiviral interferon response. A tick-borne Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), is an RNA virus that causes a severe emerging viral hemorrhagic fever in Asia with a high case fatality rate of up to 30%. However, it is unclear whether cGAS interacts with SFTSV infection. In this study, we found that SFTSV infection upregulated cGAS RNA transcription and protein expression, indicating that cGAS is an important innate immune response against SFTSV infection. The mechanism of cGAS recognizing SFTSV is by cGAS interacting with misplaced mitochondrial DNA in the cytoplasm. Depletion of mitochondrial DNA significantly inhibited cGAS activation under SFTSV infection. Strikingly, we found that SFTSV nucleoprotein (N) induced cGAS degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, N interacted with the 161-382 domain of cGAS and linked the cGAS to LC3. The cGAS-N-LC3 trimer was targeted to N-induced autophagy, and the cGAS was degraded in autolysosome. Taken together, our study discovered a novel antagonistic mechanism of RNA viruses, SFTSV is able to suppress the cGAS-dependent antiviral innate immune responses through N-hijacking cGAS into N-induced autophagy. Our results indicated that SFTSV N is an important virulence factor of SFTSV in mediating host antiviral immune responses. IMPORTANCE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne RNA virus that is widespread in East and Southeast Asian countries with a high fatality rate of up to 30%. Up to now, many cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors, such as RIG-I, MDA5, and SAFA, have been reported to recognize SFTSV genomic RNA and trigger interferon-dependent antiviral responses. However, current knowledge is not clear whether SFTSV can be recognized by DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Our study demonstrated that cGAS could recognize SFTSV infection via ectopic mitochondrial DNA, and the activated cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway could significantly inhibit SFTSV replication. Importantly, we further uncovered a novel mechanism of SFTSV to inhibit innate immune responses by the degradation of cGAS. cGAS was degraded in N-induced autophagy. Collectively, this study illustrated a novel virulence factor of SFTSV to suppress innate immune responses through autophagy-dependent cGAS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-zheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li-na Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-xin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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An H, Yu X, Liu Y, Fang L, Shu M, Zhai Q, Chen J. Downregulation of transcription 1 hinders the replication of Dabie bandavirus by promoting the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 signaling pathway. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102307. [PMID: 38194758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a bunyavirus that causes SFTS, with a case fatality rate of up to 30 %. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the defense against SFTSV; however, the impact of viral propagation of STFSV on the innate immune system remains unclear. Although proteomics analysis revealed that the expression of the downregulator of transcription 1 (DR1) increased after SFTSV infection, the specific change trend and the functional role of DR1 during viral infection remain unelucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that DR1 was highly expressed in response to SFTSV infection in HEK 293T cells using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, viral replication significantly increased the expression of various TLRs, especially TLR9. Our data indicated that DR1 positively regulated the expression of TLRs in HEK 293T cells, DR1 overexpression highly increased the expression of numerous TLRs, whereas RNAi-mediated DR1 silencing decreased TLR expression. Additionally, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways were highly up- and downregulated by the overexpression and silencing of DR1, respectively. Finally, we report that DR1 stimulates the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, thereby upregulating the TRIF-dependent and MyD88-dependent signaling pathways during the SFTSV infection, attenuating viral replication, and enhancing the production of type I interferon and various inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These results imply that DR1 defends against SFTSV replication by inducing the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role and mechanism of DR1 in mediating antiviral responses and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao An
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Shu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Papageorgiou N, Baklouti A, Lichière J, Desmyter A, Canard B, Coutard B, Ferron F. Structural flexibility of Toscana virus nucleoprotein in the presence of a single-chain camelid antibody. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:113-122. [PMID: 38265877 PMCID: PMC10836398 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798324000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenuiviridae nucleoprotein is the main structural and functional component of the viral cycle, protecting the viral RNA and mediating the essential replication/transcription processes. The nucleoprotein (N) binds the RNA using its globular core and polymerizes through the N-terminus, which is presented as a highly flexible arm, as demonstrated in this article. The nucleoprotein exists in an `open' or a `closed' conformation. In the case of the closed conformation the flexible N-terminal arm folds over the RNA-binding cleft, preventing RNA adsorption. In the open conformation the arm is extended in such a way that both RNA adsorption and N polymerization are possible. In this article, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering were used to study the N protein of Toscana virus complexed with a single-chain camelid antibody (VHH) and it is shown that in the presence of the antibody the nucleoprotein is unable to achieve a functional assembly to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Papageorgiou
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Amal Baklouti
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University–IRD 190–Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Julie Lichière
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Aline Desmyter
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Canard
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University–IRD 190–Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - François Ferron
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Chang M, Min YQ, Xu Z, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Host factor MxA restricts Dabie bandavirus infection by targeting the viral NP protein to inhibit NP-RdRp interaction and ribonucleoprotein activity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0156823. [PMID: 38054738 PMCID: PMC10805036 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01568-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high case mortality rates, which is caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV), a novel pathogen also termed as SFTS virus (SFTSV). Currently, no specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines are available for SFTS. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) has been shown to inhibit multiple viral pathogens; however, the role of MxA in DBV infection is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that DBV stimulates MxA expression which, in turn, restricts DBV infection. Mechanistic target analysis revealed that MxA specifically interacts with the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) in a manner independent of RNA. Minigenome reporter assay showed that in agreement with its targeting of NP, MxA inhibits DBV ribonucleoprotein (RNP) activity. In detail, MxA interacts with the NP N-terminal and disrupts the interaction of NP with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) but not NP multimerization, the critical activities of NP for RNP formation and function. Furthermore, MxA N-terminal domain was identified as the functional domain inhibiting DBV infection, and, consistently, then was shown to interact with NP and obstruct the NP-RdRp interaction. Additionally, threonine 103 within the N-terminal domain is important for MxA inhibition to DBV, and its mutation (T103A) attenuates MxA binding to NP and obstruction of the NP-RdRp interaction. This study uncovers MxA inhibition of DBV with a series of functional and mechanistical analyses, providing insights into the virus-host interactions and probably helping inform the development of antiviral agents in the future.IMPORTANCEDBV/SFTSV is an emerging high-pathogenic virus. Since its first identification in China in 2009, cases of DBV infection have been reported in many other countries, posing a significant threat to public health. Uncovering the mechanisms of DBV-host interactions is necessary to understand the viral pathogenesis and host response and may advance the development of antiviral therapeutics. Here, we found that host factor MxA whose expression is induced by DBV restricts the virus infection. Mechanistically, MxA specifically interacts with the viral NP and blocks the NP-RdRp interaction, inhibiting the viral RNP activity. Further studies identified the key domain and amino acid residue required for MxA inhibition to DBV. Consistently, they were then shown to be important for MxA targeting of NP and obstruction of the NP-RdRp association. These findings unravel the restrictive role of MxA in DBV infection and the underlying mechanism, expanding our knowledge of the virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Kim D, Lai CJ, Cha I, Jung JU. Current Progress of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) Vaccine Development. Viruses 2024; 16:128. [PMID: 38257828 PMCID: PMC10818334 DOI: 10.3390/v16010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SFTSV is an emerging tick-borne virus causing hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate (CFR) that can reach up to 27%. With endemic infection in East Asia and the recent spread of the vector tick to more than 20 states in the United States, the SFTSV outbreak is a globally growing public health concern. However, there is currently no targeted antiviral therapy or licensed vaccine against SFTSV. Considering the age-dependent SFTS pathogenesis and disease outcome, a sophisticated vaccine development approach is required to safeguard the elderly population from lethal SFTSV infection. Given the recent emergence of SFTSV, the establishment of animal models to study immunogenicity and protection from SFTS symptoms has only occurred recently. The latest research efforts have applied diverse vaccine development approaches-including live-attenuated vaccine, DNA vaccine, whole inactivated virus vaccine, viral vector vaccine, protein subunit vaccine, and mRNA vaccine-in the quest to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SFTSV. This review aims to outline the current progress in SFTSV vaccine development and suggest future directions to enhance the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, ensuring their suitability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ferron F, Lescar J. The Phlebovirus Ribonucleoprotein: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2824:259-280. [PMID: 39039418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3926-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In negative strand RNA viruses, ribonucleoproteins, not naked RNA, constitute the template used by the large protein endowed with polymerase activity for replicating and transcribing the viral genome. Here we give an overview of the structures and functions of the ribonucleoprotein from phleboviruses. The nucleocapsid monomer, which constitutes the basic structural unit, possesses a flexible arm allowing for a conformational switch between a closed monomeric state and the formation of a polymeric filamentous structure competent for viral RNA binding and encapsidation in the open state of N. The modes of N-N oligomerization as well as interactions with vRNA are described. Finally, recent advances in tomography open exciting perspectives for a more complete understanding of N-L interactions and the design of specific antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Ferron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS - Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR7257, Marseille, France.
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany.
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lee K, Choi MJ, Cho MH, Choi DO, Bhoo SH. Antibody production and characterization of the nucleoprotein of sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) for effective diagnosis of SFTSV. Virol J 2023; 20:206. [PMID: 37679757 PMCID: PMC10486111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an infectious disease caused by the Dabie bandavirus, [or SFTS virus (SFTSV)] that has become increasingly widespread since it was first reported in 2009. The SFTSV comprises three essential single-stranded RNA gene segments, with the S segment encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein. Since the N protein is the most abundant and stable viral protein, it is a useful diagnostic marker of infection. Various SFTSV N-protein-based detection methods have been developed. However, given the limited research on antibodies of an SFTSV N-protein, here we report the characterization of the antibodies against SFTSV N protein especially their mapping results which is essential for more efficient and optimized detection of SFTSV. METHODS To generate SFTSV-N-protein-specific monoclonal antibodies, recombinant full-length SFTSV N protein was expressed in E. coli, and the purified N protein was immunized to mice. The binding epitope positions of the antibodies generated were identified through binding-domain mapping. An antibody pair test using a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was performed to identify effective diagnostic combinations of paired antibodies. RESULTS Nine monoclonal antibodies specific for the SFTSV N protein were generated. Antibodies #3(B4E2) and #5(B4D9) were specific for sequential epitopes, while the remainder were specific for conformational epitopes. Antibody #4(C2G1) showed the highest affinity for the SFTSV N protein. The binding domain mapping results indicated the binding regions of the antibodies were divided into three groups. The antibody pair test demonstrated that #3(B4E2)/#4(C2G1) and #4(C2G1)/#5(B4D9) were effective antibody pairs for SFTSV diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Effective virus detection requires at least two strong antibodies recognizing separate epitope binding sites of the virus antigen. Here, we generated SFTSV-N-protein-specific monoclonal antibodies and subsequently performed epitope mapping and an antibody pair test to enhance the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of SFTSV. Confirmation of epitope mappings and their combination immune response to the N protein provide valuable information for effective detection of SFTSV as well as can respond actively to detect a variant SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungha Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Man-Ho Cho
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Dong Ok Choi
- Bore Da Biotech, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13209, Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Bhoo
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
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Qian J, Fu L, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang H, Zeng Y, Cheng G, Deng F, Shen S. Developing and characterizing monoclonal antibodies of Guertu bandavirus nucleoprotein for developing methods of Guertu bandavirus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus detection. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1433-1445. [PMID: 37225938 PMCID: PMC10485201 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Belonging to genus Bandavirus in Phenuiviridae family, Guertu bandavirus (GTV) is a potential pathogen closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and heartland virus (HRTV) associated with human diseases. Although the medical significance of GTV is not clear, there was serological evidence suggesting past infection with this virus has occurred, indicating its potential threat to human health. So, it is important to prepare for detection of GTV infection so as to control virus transmission and promote disease diagnosis and treatment. This study is aimed at obtaining monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GTV nucleoprotein (NP) and evaluating their activities in recognizing viral antigens from genetic-related bandaviruses, SFTSV and HRTV. Eight mAbs were obtained and four of them (22G1, 25C2, 25E2, and 26F8) recognize linear epitopes of GTV NP. The four mAbs showed cross-reactivity to SFTSV but were unable to react with HRTV. Two fine epitopes were identified by the four mAbs, ENP1 (194YNSFRDPLHAAV205) and ENP2 (226GPDGLP231), which are highly conserved in the NPs of GTV and SFTSV but are distinct in HRTV NP. The features of epitopes, including their hydrophilicity, antibody accessibility, flexibility, antigenicity, and spatial locations, were predicted and analyzed, and their potential functional impacts on virus infection and replication and their use for virus detection were discussed. Our results promote the understanding of the molecular basis of GTV and SFTSV NP in inducing antibody responses. The NP-specific mAbs generated in this study are promising fundamental materials for developing viral antigen detection methods for GTV and SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liyan Fu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guirong Cheng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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Chen R, Huang W, Wang Y. Pseudotyped Virus for Bandavirus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:265-277. [PMID: 36920702 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The genus Bandavirus, belonging to family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales, consists of eight tick-borne bunyaviruses. The Dabie bandavirus, formerly known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus (SFTSV), belongs to the genus Bandavirus. This emerging pathogen was first identified in central China in 2009. In recent years, the disease has been reported to cause several outbreaks in eastern Asia areas, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Tick-to-human transmission is the main route of infection in humans, and transmission via the contact of body fluids from person-to-person was also reported. Despite its high fatality rate, there is currently no vaccine or antiviral therapy available. The therapeutic efficacies of several antiviral agents against Dabie bandavirus are still being evaluated. However, the virus is a potent pathogen with high biosafety experimental conditions. Therefore, replication-incompetent pseudotyped viruses play an important role. In this chapter, we succinctly summarize the basic features concerning Dabie bandavirus, including virion structure, genome characteristics, especially the characteristics of glycoprotein, and probable pathogenic mechanism. And, we put an important part in expounding the construction of pseudoviruses and its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Chen
- Immunotech Applied Science Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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Lee SY, Lee H, Yun SH, Park EC, Seo G, Kim HY, Jun S, Kim NH, Tark D, Lee JY, Lee CS, Kim SI. Proteomics-based diagnostic peptide discovery for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in patients. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35842602 PMCID: PMC9287713 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus is an emerging infectious virus which causes severe hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, with a high fatality rate. Since there is no approved therapeutics or vaccines for SFTS, early diagnosis is essential to manage this infectious disease. METHODS Here, we tried to detect SFTS virus in serum samples from SFTS patients by proteomic analysis. Firstly, in order to obtain the reference MS/MS spectral data of SFTS virus, medium from infected Vero cell culture was used for shotgun proteomic analysis. Then, tryptic peptides in sera from SFTS patients were confirmed by comparative analysis with the reference MS/MS spectral data of SFTS virus. RESULTS Proteomic analysis of culture medium successfully discovered tryptic peptides from all the five antigen proteins of SFTS virus. The comparative spectral analysis of sera of SFTS patients revealed that the N-terminal tryptic peptide of the nucleocapsid (N) protein is the major epitope of SFTS virus detected in the patient samples. The prevalence of the peptides was strongly correlated with the viral load in the clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic analysis of SFTS patient samples revealed that nucleocapsid (N) protein is the major antigen proteins in sera of SFTS patients and N-terminal tryptic peptide of the N protein might be a useful proteomic target for direct detection of SFTS virus. These findings suggest that proteomic analysis could be an alternative tool for detection of pathogens in clinical samples and diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Giwan Seo
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54986, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Wang M, Tan W, Li J, Fang L, Yue M. The Endless Wars: Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, Host Immune and Genetic Factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:808098. [PMID: 35782112 PMCID: PMC9240209 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.808098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging arboviral infectious disease with a high rate of lethality in susceptible humans and caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV). Currently, neither vaccine nor specific antiviral drugs are available. In recent years, given the fact that both the number of SFTS cases and epidemic regions are increasing year by year, SFTS has become a public health problem. SFTSV can be internalized into host cells through the interaction between SFTSV glycoproteins and cell receptors and can activate the host immune system to trigger antiviral immune response. However, SFTSV has evolved multiple strategies to manipulate host factors to create an optimal environment for itself. Not to be discounted, host genetic factors may be operative also in the never-ending winning or losing wars. Therefore, the identifications of SFTSV, host immune and genetic factors, and their interactions are critical for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of SFTSV infection. This review summarizes the updated pathogenesis of SFTS with regard to virus, host immune response, and host genetic factors to provide some novel perspectives of the prevention, treatment, as well as drug and vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Department of Infection Disease, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqun Fang
- State Key Lab Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Fang, ; Ming Yue,
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Fang, ; Ming Yue,
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12
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Liu BY, Yu XJ, Zhou CM. SAFA initiates innate immunity against cytoplasmic RNA virus SFTSV infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010070. [PMID: 34788350 PMCID: PMC8598041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear scaffold attachment factor A (SAFA) is a novel RNA sensor involved in sensing viral RNA in the nucleus and mediating antiviral immunity. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a bunyavirus that causes SFTS with a high fatality rate of up to 30%. It remains elusive whether and how cytoplasmic SFTSV can be sensed by the RNA sensor SAFA. Here, we demonstrated that SAFA was able to detect SFTSV infection and mediate antiviral interferon and inflammatory responses. Transcription and expression levels of SAFA were strikingly upregulated under SFTSV infection. SAFA was retained in the cytoplasm by interaction with SFTSV nucleocapsid protein (NP). Importantly, SFTSV genomic RNA was recognized by cytoplasmic SAFA, which recruited and promoted activation of the STING-TBK1 signaling axis against SFTSV infection. Of note, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) domain of SAFA was important for interaction with SFTSV NP and recognition of SFTSV RNA in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel antiviral mechanism in which SAFA functions as a novel cytoplasmic RNA sensor that directly recognizes RNA virus SFTSV and mediates an antiviral response. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an RNA virus with a high fatality rate of up to 30%, which replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm. To date, many cytoplasmic RNA sensors were known to recognize SFTSV infection and trigger antiviral immune responses. Nuclear scaffold attachment factor A (SAFA) is a novel nuclear RNA sensor which can sense viral RNA in the nucleus and promote activation of antiviral immunity. However, there are no studies to investigate whether SAFA could detect cytoplasmic RNA virus infection. Here, we reported that SAFA was able to detect RNA virus SFTSV invasion. Under SFTSV infection, SAFA was retained in the cytoplasm and recognized SFTSV infection by interaction with SFTSV nucleocapsid protein (NP) and cytoplasmic SFTSV RNA directly. Importantly, SAFA recruited and promoted the activation of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway-mediated antiviral immunity to suppress SFTSV infection. This study provides a further acquaintance in SAFA-mediated antiviral immune responses, illustrating the novel role of SAFA in sensing cytoplasmic SFTSV and mediates an antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XY); (C-mZ)
| | - Chuan-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XY); (C-mZ)
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13
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Cao J, Lu G, Wen L, Luo P, Huang Y, Liang R, Tang K, Qin Z, Chan CCY, Chik KKH, Du J, Yin F, Ye ZW, Chu H, Jin DY, Yuen KY, Chan JFW, Yuan S. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)-host interactome screen identifies viral nucleoprotein-associated host factors as potential antiviral targets. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5568-5577. [PMID: 34712400 PMCID: PMC8523828 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that causes severe infection in humans characterized by an acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic complications, and a mortality rate of up to 30%. Understanding on virus-host protein interactions may facilitate the identification of druggable antiviral targets. Herein, we utilized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the SFTSV interactome in human embryonic kidney-derived permanent culture (HEK-293T) cells. We identified 445 host proteins that co-precipitated with the viral glycoprotein N, glycoprotein C, nucleoprotein, or nonstructural protein. A network of SFTSV-host protein interactions based on reduced viral fitness affected upon host factor down-regulation was then generated. Screening of the DrugBank database revealed numerous drug compounds that inhibited the prioritized host factors in this SFTSV interactome. Among these drug compounds, the clinically approved artenimol (an antimalarial) and omacetaxine mepesuccinate (a cephalotaxine) were found to exhibit anti-SFTSV activity in vitro. The higher selectivity of artenimol (71.83) than omacetaxine mepesuccinate (8.00) highlights artenimol’s potential for further antiviral development. Mechanistic evaluation showed that artenimol interfered with the interaction between the SFTSV nucleoprotein and the host glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), and that omacetaxine mepesuccinate interfered with the interaction between the viral nucleoprotein with the host ribosomal protein L3 (RPL3). In summary, the novel interactomic data in this study revealed the virus-host protein interactions in SFTSV infection and facilitated the discovery of potential anti-SFTSV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Lei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhenzhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chun-Yiu Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Feifei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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14
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Chatterjee S, Kim CM, Kim DM. Potential efficacy of existing drug molecules against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: an in silico study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20857. [PMID: 34675254 PMCID: PMC8531283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTS can be considered a life-threatening notifiable infectious disease. The unavailability of specific therapeutics encourages the investigation of potential efficacy of existing drugs against this infection. Drug repurposing was done by performing virtual screening of already established drug molecules followed by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area-based binding-energy calculation by targeting the SFTS L protein. On the basis of binding energy and protein-ligand interactions, top 10 promising hits were identified, showing stable binding with SFTS L protein. Further 100 ns atomistic MD simulation refined the hits from top 10 to top 4 with docking-based binding energy lesser than -8.0 kcal/mol toward the SFTS L protein and engaged in π-π interactions with pivotal amino acid residues. Various parameters and binding affinity of top 4 ligands towards L protein was computed. Ligand zaltoprofen exhibited best binding energy -220.095 kJ/mol. The present work is the first in silico study to assess bromfenac, cinchophen, elliptinium, and zaltoprofen; four promising hits against SFTS. Nonetheless, further proper biological evaluation is necessary to determine their efficacy against SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-717, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zhuge Y, Ding C, Gong X, Hu D, Zhu J, Wang C. Development and evaluation of two different double-antibody sandwich ELISAs for detecting severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:49-55. [PMID: 34193660 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emerging tick-borne virus with a case fatality rate between 12% and 50%. Currently, effective vaccines or antiviral drugs are not available, and a diagnostic method for detecting SFTSV is urgently needed. The monoclonal (MAb) and polyclonal antibodies (PAb) against SFTSV were prepared by immunizing animals with SFTSV nucleocapsid protein (NP), and using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies as capture antibodies against NP, we developed two different double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) for detecting the NP of SFTSV. Both methods were applicable for the diagnosis of SFTSV-infected patients, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of two assays for diagnosing SFTS were both 100%, and had no reaction to recombinant Dabieshan NP or recombinant Dengue virus NS1 subtype 1 and 2 proteins. In addition, two standard curves were established for quantitative detection of the NP, and the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA (MAb-based ELISA) test had a lower limit of detection than the polyclonal-based ELISA (PAb-based ELISA) test. Therefore, the MAb-based ELISA could be employed for detecting SFTSV in a convenient and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhuge
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Chenxi Ding
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Xiufang Gong
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
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16
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Mo Q, Xu Z, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Host restriction of emerging high-pathogenic bunyaviruses via MOV10 by targeting viral nucleoprotein and blocking ribonucleoprotein assembly. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009129. [PMID: 33284835 PMCID: PMC7746268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyavirus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that is assembled by polymerized nucleoproteins (N) coating a viral RNA and associating with a viral polymerase can be both the RNA synthesis machinery and the structural core of virions. Bunyaviral N and RNP thus could be assailable targets for host antiviral defense; however, it remains unclear which and how host factors target N/RNP to restrict bunyaviral infection. By mass spectrometry and protein-interaction analyses, we here show that host protein MOV10 targets the N proteins encoded by a group of emerging high-pathogenic representatives of bunyaviruses including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), one of the most dangerous pathogens listed by World Health Organization, in RNA-independent manner. MOV10 that was further shown to be induced specifically by SFTSV and related bunyaviruses in turn inhibits the bunyaviral replication in infected cells in series of loss/gain-of-function assays. Moreover, animal infection experiments with MOV10 knockdown corroborated the role of MOV10 in restricting SFTSV infection and pathogenicity in vivo. Minigenome assays and additional functional and mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the anti-bunyavirus activity of MOV10 is likely achieved by direct impact on viral RNP machinery but independent of its helicase activity and the cellular interferon pathway. Indeed, by its N-terminus, MOV10 binds to a protruding N-arm domain of N consisting of only 34 amino acids but proving important for N function and blocks N polymerization, N-RNA binding, and N-polymerase interaction, disabling RNP assembly. This study not only advances the understanding of bunyaviral replication and host restriction mechanisms but also presents novel paradigms for both direct antiviral action of MOV10 and host targeting of viral RNP machinery. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging high-pathogenic bunyavirus listed by the World Health Organization as a top priority pathogen for research and development. Although SFTSV and related bunyaviruses emerging globally have raised serious public health concerns, specific antivirals or vaccines are currently unavailable and little is known on the virus-host interactions and viral replication mechanism. The nucleoprotein (N) is essential for bunyavirus replication by driving assembly of ribonucleoprotein (RNP), the RNA synthesis machinery and structural core of virions. Here we show that N proteins of SFTSV and related bunyaviruses can be targeted by host factor MOV10 in RNA-independent manner. Further, MOV10 can be induced specifically by the bunyaviruses and in turn restrict the viral replication and pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo. The anti-bunyavirus activity of MOV10 is independent of its helicase region and cellular interferon pathway. Instead, by its N-terminus, MOV10 binds to a protruding N-arm domain of N and blocks N polymerization, N-RNA binding, and N-polymerase interaction, disabling RNP assembly. This study provides a delicate model for host targeting of viral RNP machinery and sheds light on bunyaviral replication and host restriction mechanisms, which may promote specific antiviral therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (Y-JN)
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (Y-JN)
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17
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Mendoza CA, Yamaoka S, Tsuda Y, Matsuno K, Weisend CM, Ebihara H. The NF-κB inhibitor, SC75741, is a novel antiviral against emerging tick-borne bandaviruses. Antiviral Res 2020; 185:104993. [PMID: 33296695 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV) cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like illnesses in humans due to an aberrant host inflammatory response, which contributes to pathogenesis. Here, we established two separate minigenome (MG) systems based on the M-segment of SFTSV and HRTV. Following characterization of both systems for SFTSV and HRTV, we used them as a platform to screen potential compounds that inhibit viral RNA synthesis. We demonstrated that the NF-κB inhibitor, SC75741, reduces viral RNA synthesis of SFTSV and HRTV using our MG platform and validated these results using infectious SFTSV and HRTV. These results may lead to the use of MG systems as potential screening systems for the identification of antiviral compounds and yield novel insights into host-factors that could play role in bandavirus transcription and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Mendoza
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Satoko Yamaoka
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yoshimi Tsuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Carla M Weisend
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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18
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Structure of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus L protein elucidates the mechanisms of viral transcription initiation. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:864-871. [PMID: 32341479 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (sNSRVs) encode a single-polypeptide polymerase (L protein) or a heterotrimeric polymerase complex to cannibalize host messenger RNA cap structures serving as primers of transcription, and catalyse RNA synthesis. Here, we report the full-length structure of the severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) L protein, as determined by cryogenic electron microscopy at 3.4 Å, leading to an atomic model harbouring three functional parts (an endonuclease, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a cap-binding domain) and two structural domains (an arm domain with a blocker motif and a carboxy-terminal lariat domain). The SFTSV L protein has a compact architecture in which its cap-binding pocket is surprisingly occupied by an Arg finger of the blocker motif, and the endonuclease active centre faces back towards the cap-binding pocket, suggesting that domain rearrangements are necessary to acquire the pre-initiation state of the active site. Our results provide insight into the complete architecture of sNSRV-encoded L protein and further the understanding of sNSRV transcription initiation.
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Xu LD, Zhang Q, Ding SN, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Ultrasensitive Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Based on Immunofluorescent Carbon Dots/SiO 2 Nanosphere-Based Lateral Flow Assay. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21431-21438. [PMID: 31867538 PMCID: PMC6921636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) by a point-of-care assay is of great significance for promoting clinical diagnosis. In this work, ultrasensitive detection of SFTSV was achieved by using fluorescent carbon dots/SiO2 nanospheres (CSNs) as reporters for a lateral flow assay. The prepared CSNs were resistant to extreme environments and had strong stability. The uniform CSNs with the size of about 200 nm were obtained by differential centrifugation. Their absolute quantum yields in the aqueous and solid phases are 56.3 and 36.6%, respectively. The excellent fluorescent properties of CSNs make the test strips more sensitive and have a longer assay lifetime. Thus, the visual detection limit of the lateral flow test strip based on immunofluorescent CSN (iCSN) was as low as 10 pg/mL SFTSV nucleoprotein. The sensitivity of this assay is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the colloidal gold-based lateral flow test strip. Besides, the assay owns good reproducibility and high specificity. Then, iCSN-based lateral flow test strips were evaluated in real samples of human serum of patients with satisfactory results. Furthermore, this assay has a general prospect for other fluorescent immunochromatography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Di Xu
- Jiangsu
Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Chinese
Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu
Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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20
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Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040125. [PMID: 31547199 PMCID: PMC6963857 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics.
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Dong F, Li D, Wen D, Li S, Zhao C, Qi Y, Jangra RK, Wu C, Xia D, Zhang X, Deng F, Chandran K, Zou Z, Yuan F, Zheng A. Single dose of a rVSV-based vaccine elicits complete protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:5. [PMID: 30701094 PMCID: PMC6347601 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne phlebovirus that causes lethal human disease, for which there are no licensed antiviral vaccines or therapies. Herein, we developed a live attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine candidate expressing the SFTSV Gn/Gc glycoproteins (rVSV-SFTSV/AH12-GP). High titers of cross-protective, broadly neutralizing antibodies were elicited by a single dose of rVSV-SFTSV/AH12-GP in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice against multiple strains of SFTSV and the related but distinct phlebovirus Heartland virus (HRTV). Remarkably, complete protection against lethal challenge with SFTSV was conferred in young and old immunocompromised mice irrespective of any pre-existing vector-specific immunity. Collectively, these results suggest that a rVSV vector expressing SFTSV glycoproteins is a promising candidate vaccine against two emerging phleboviruses associated with severe human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Cuiping Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Dequan Xia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Zuo JY, Jiao YJ, Zhu J, Ding SN. Rapid Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus via Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography Assay. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15399-15406. [PMID: 30556007 PMCID: PMC6288773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To develop the point-of-care testing method to facilitate the clinical detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), colloidal gold paper-based lateral flow immunochromatography test strips (LFITSs) have been fabricated for the rapid detection for the first time. The pH value and the amount of monoclonal antibody to prepare colloidal gold nanoparticle-labeled monoclonal antibody bioconjugates were optimized. In addition, 0.4% bovine serum albumin was considered to be the best concentration for blocking nitrocellulose membranes. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection for SFTSV was as low as 1 ng/mL depending on a visual line. Meanwhile, the entire detection process required no more than 10 min with a volume of only 50 μL of the analyte solution. Moreover, paper-based LFITSs were evaluated in real samples of human serum of patients with satisfactory results. In addition, all strips were of high stability and specificity. In the light of advantages such as simple, portable, rapid, and low cost, the developed LFITSs will extensively come into service, especially in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Zuo
- Jiangsu
Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiao
- Jiangsu
Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong
Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu
Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Jo YS, Chae JB, Oh SS, Kim KH, Ko MK, Yi J, Choi KS, Yu DH, Kim HC, Park J, Park BK, Choi CY, Jung YH, Chae JS. Prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1153-1157. [PMID: 29724620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SFTSV antigens and anti-SFTSV antibodies in black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) throughout the ROK. Sera were collected from 737 black goats in nine provinces in the ROK. Eighteen of 737 (2.4%) goat sera were positive for SFTSV on one-step reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplified 346-bp S segments of SFTSV sequences were classified into three genotypes (BG1, BG2, and BG3), and were included in the Japanese clade rather than the Chinese clade, based on phylogenetic analysis. Forty-three of 624 (6.9%) serum samples were seropositive for anti-SFTSV antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. This study is the first to examine the molecular prevalence of SFTSV in goats and the first to perform serological detection of anti-SFTSV antibodies in livestock in the ROK. Moreover, the results indicate that SFTSV is widely distributed in goats and that additional monitoring for SFTSV is needed in livestock in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Suck Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Hyung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyung Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kwangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Abstract
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus (NSRV) is featured by their ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed by viral polymerase and genomic RNA enwrapped by nucleocapsid protein (NP). The RNP is packaged in virions and plays a central role throughout virus lifecycle. In the past decade, structural biology presents molecular insights into NPs encoded by most representative NSRVs, helping to understand the mechanism of RNP formation. Interestingly, works initiated from structural biology also reveal unexpected biological functions of virus NP beyond a structural protein. All these further the knowledge of virus NP and provide great potential for the discovery of antiviral agents to target virus RNP formation. In this chapter, we will summarize the structures and functions of viral NPs, as well as the attempt of NP-targeted antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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25
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Distinct Mechanism for the Formation of the Ribonucleoprotein Complex of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00892-17. [PMID: 28904194 PMCID: PMC5686726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00892-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) belongs to the Tospovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family and represents the sole plant-infecting group within bunyavirus. TSWV encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N) which encapsidates the RNA genome to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). In addition, the N has multiple roles during the infection of plant cells. Here, we report the crystal structure of the full-length TSWV N. The N features a body domain consisting of an N-lobe and a C-lobe. These lobes clamp a positively charged groove which may constitute the RNA binding site. Furthermore, the body domains are flanked by N- and C-terminal arms which mediate homotypic interactions to the neighboring subunits, resulting in a ring-shaped N trimer. Interestingly, the C terminus of one protomer forms an additional interaction with the protomer of an adjacent trimer in the crystal, which may constitute a higher-order oligomerization contact. In this way, this study provides insights into the structure and trimeric assembly of TSWV N, which help to explain previous functional findings, but also suggests distinct N interactions within a higher-order RNP.IMPORTANCE TSWV is one of the most devastating plant pathogens that cause severe diseases in numerous agronomic and ornamental crops worldwide. TSWV is also the prototypic member of the Tospovirus genus, which is the sole group of plant-infecting viruses in the bunyavirus family. This study determined the structure of full-length TSWV N in an oligomeric state. The structural observations explain previously identified biological properties of TSWV N. Most importantly, the additional homotypic interaction between the C terminus of one protomer with another protomer indicates that there is a distinct mechanism of RNP formation in the bunyavirus family, thereby enhancing the current knowledge of negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus-encoded N. TSWV N is the last remaining representative N with an unknown structure in the bunyavirus family. Combined with previous studies, the structure of TSWV N helps to build a complete picture of the bunyavirus-encoded N family and reveals a close evolutionary relationship between orthobunyavirus, phlebovirus, hantavirus, and tospovirus.
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Baklouti A, Goulet A, Lichière J, Canard B, Charrel RN, Ferron F, Coutard B, Papageorgiou N. Toscana virus nucleoprotein oligomer organization observed in solution. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 73:650-659. [PMID: 28777080 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798317008774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Phlebovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family. As in other bunyaviruses, the genome of TOSV is made up of three RNA segments. They are encapsidated by the nucleoprotein (N), which also plays an essential role in virus replication. To date, crystallographic structures of phlebovirus N have systematically revealed closed-ring organizations which do not fully match the filamentous organization of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex observed by electron microscopy. In order to further bridge the gap between crystallographic data on N and observations of the RNP by electron microscopy, the structural organization of recombinant TOSV N was investigated by an integrative approach combining X-ray diffraction crystallography, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, size-exclusion chromatography and multi-angle laser light scattering. It was found that in solution TOSV N forms open oligomers consistent with the encapsidation mechanism of phlebovirus RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Baklouti
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Adeline Goulet
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Lichière
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Canard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_D 190 IRD French Institute of Research for Development, U1207 INSERM, EHESP French School of Public Health, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospital Samsos of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - François Ferron
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Papageorgiou
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
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Structural Insight into Nucleoprotein Conformation Change Chaperoned by VP35 Peptide in Marburg Virus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00825-17. [PMID: 28566377 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00825-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) encodes a nucleoprotein (NP) to encapsidate its genome by oligomerization and form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). According to previous investigation on nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses (nsNSV), the newly synthesized NPs must be prevented from indiscriminately binding to noncognate RNAs. During the viral RNA synthesis process, the RNPs undergo a transition from an RNA-bound form to a template-free form, to open access for the interaction between the viral polymerase and the RNA template. In filoviruses, this transition is regulated by VP35 peptide and other viral components. To further understand the dynamic process of filovirus RNP formation, we report here the structure of MARV NPcore, both in the apo form and in the VP35 peptide-chaperoned form. These structures reveal a typical bilobed structure, with a positive-charged RNA binding groove between two lobes. In the apo form, the MARV NP exists in an interesting hexameric state formed by the hydrophobic interaction within the long helix of the NPcore C-terminal region, which shows high structural flexibility among filoviruses and may imply critical function during RNP formation. Moreover, the VP35 peptide-chaperoned NPcore remains in a monomeric state and completely loses its affinity for single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). The structural comparison reveals that the RNA binding groove undergoes a transition from closed state to open state, chaperoned by VP35 peptide, thus preventing the interaction for viral RNA. Our investigation provides considerable structural insight into the filovirus RNP working mechanism and may support the development of antiviral therapies targeting the RNP formation of filovirus.IMPORTANCE Marburg virus is one of the most dangerous viruses, with high morbidity and mortality. A recent outbreak in Angola in 2005 caused the deaths of 272 persons. NP is one of the most essential proteins, as it encapsidates and protects the whole virus genome simultaneously with self-assembly oligomerization. Here we report the structures of MARV NPcore in two different forms. In the MARV NP apo form, we identify an interesting hexamer formed by hydrophobic interaction within a long helix, which is highly conserved and flexible among filoviruses and may indicate its critical function during the virus RNP formation. Moreover, the structural comparison with the NP-VP35 peptide complex reveals a structural transition chaperoned by VP35, in which the RNA binding groove undergoes a transition from closed state to open state. Finally, we discussed the high conservation and critical role of the VP35 binding pocket and its potential use for therapeutic development.
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Modeling Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters: Importance of STAT2 in Preventing Disease and Effective Treatment with Favipiravir. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01942-16. [PMID: 27881648 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01942-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease endemic in parts of Asia. The etiologic agent, SFTS virus (SFTSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in China, South Korea, and Japan, with key features of disease being intense fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Case fatality rates are estimated to be in the 30% range, and no antivirals or vaccines are approved for use for treatment and prevention of SFTS. There is evidence that in human cells, SFTSV sequesters STAT proteins in replication complexes, thereby inhibiting type I interferon signaling. Here, we demonstrate that hamsters devoid of functional STAT2 are highly susceptible to as few as 10 PFU of SFTSV, with animals generally succumbing within 5 to 6 days after subcutaneous challenge. The disease included marked thrombocytopenia and inflammatory disease characteristic of the condition in humans. Infectious virus titers were present in the blood and most tissues 3 days after virus challenge, and severe inflammatory lesions were found in the spleen and liver samples of SFTSV-infected hamsters. We also show that SFTSV infection in STAT2 knockout (KO) hamsters is responsive to favipiravir treatment, which protected all animals from lethal disease and reduced serum and tissue viral loads by 3 to 6 orders of magnitude. Taken together, our results provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of SFTSV infection and support the use of the newly described STAT2 KO hamster model for evaluation of promising antiviral therapies. IMPORTANCE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral disease for which there are currently no therapeutic options or available vaccines. The causative agent, SFTS virus (SFTSV), is present in China, South Korea, and Japan, and infections requiring medical attention result in death in as many as 30% of the cases. Here, we describe a novel model of SFTS in hamsters genetically engineered to be deficient in a protein that helps protect humans and animals against viral infections. These hamsters were found to be susceptible to SFTSV and share disease features associated with the disease in humans. Importantly, we also show that SFTSV infection in hamsters can be effectively treated with a broad-spectrum antiviral drug approved for use in Japan. Our findings suggest that the new SFTS model will be an excellent resource to better understand SFTSV infection and disease as well as a valuable tool for evaluating promising antiviral drugs.
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29
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Wang X, Li B, Guo Y, Shen S, Zhao L, Zhang P, Sun Y, Sui SF, Deng F, Lou Z. Molecular basis for the formation of ribonucleoprotein complex of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:455-465. [PMID: 27666016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Negative-sense single-strand RNA (-ssRNA) viruses comprise a large family of pathogens that cause severe human infectious diseases. All -ssRNA viruses encode a nucleocapsid protein (NP) to encapsidate the viral genome, which, together with polymerase, forms a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) that is packaged into virions and acts as the template for viral replication and transcription. In our previous work, we solved the monomeric structure of NP encoded by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which belongs to the Nairovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family, and revealed its unusual endonuclease activity. However, the mechanism of CCHFV RNP formation remains unclear, due to the difficulty in reconstructing the oligomeric CCHFV NP-RNA complex. Here, we identified and isolated the oligomeric CCHFV NP-RNA complex that formed in expression cells. Sequencing of RNA extracted from the complex revealed sequence specificity and suggested a potential encapsidation signal facilitating the association between NP and viral genome. A cryo-EM reconstruction revealed the ring-shaped architecture of the CCHFV NP-RNA oligomer, thus defining the interaction between the head and stalk domains that results in NP multimerization. This structure also suggested a modified gating mechanism for viral genome encapsidation, in which both the head and stalk domains participate in RNA binding. This work provides insight into the distinct mechanism underlying CCHFV RNP formation compared to other -ssRNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baobin Li
- School of Medicine and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peisheng Zhang
- School of Medicine and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- School of Medicine and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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RNA Encapsidation and Packaging in the Phleboviruses. Viruses 2016; 8:v8070194. [PMID: 27428993 PMCID: PMC4974529 DOI: 10.3390/v8070194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bunyaviridae represents the largest family of segmented RNA viruses, which infect a staggering diversity of plants, animals, and insects. Within the family Bunyaviridae, the Phlebovirus genus includes several important human and animal pathogens, including Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Uukuniemi virus (UUKV), and the sandfly fever viruses. The phleboviruses have small tripartite RNA genomes that encode a repertoire of 5–7 proteins. These few proteins accomplish the daunting task of recognizing and specifically packaging a tri-segment complement of viral genomic RNA in the midst of an abundance of host components. The critical nucleation events that eventually lead to virion production begin early on in the host cytoplasm as the first strands of nascent viral RNA (vRNA) are synthesized. The interaction between the vRNA and the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein effectively protects and masks the RNA from the host, and also forms the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) architecture that mediates downstream interactions and drives virion formation. Although the mechanism by which all three genomic counterparts are selectively co-packaged is not completely understood, we are beginning to understand the hierarchy of interactions that begins with N-RNA packaging and culminates in RNP packaging into new virus particles. In this review we focus on recent progress that highlights the molecular basis of RNA genome packaging in the phleboviruses.
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Crystal Structure of the Core Region of Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Reveals the Mechanism for Ribonucleoprotein Complex Formation. J Virol 2015; 90:1048-61. [PMID: 26559827 PMCID: PMC4702685 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02523-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hantaviruses, which belong to the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae, infect mammals, including humans, causing either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans with high mortality. Hantavirus encodes a nucleocapsid protein (NP) to encapsidate the genome and form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) together with viral polymerase. Here, we report the crystal structure of the core domains of NP (NPcore) encoded by Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV), which are two representative members that cause HCPS in the New World. The constructs of SNV and ANDV NPcore exclude the N- and C-terminal portions of full polypeptide to obtain stable proteins for crystallographic study. The structure features an N lobe and a C lobe to clamp RNA-binding crevice and exhibits two protruding extensions in both lobes. The positively charged residues located in the RNA-binding crevice play a key role in RNA binding and virus replication. We further demonstrated that the C-terminal helix and the linker region connecting the N-terminal coiled-coil domain and NPcore are essential for hantavirus NP oligomerization through contacts made with two adjacent protomers. Moreover, electron microscopy (EM) visualization of native RNPs extracted from the virions revealed that a monomer-sized NP-RNA complex is the building block of viral RNP. This work provides insight into the formation of hantavirus RNP and provides an understanding of the evolutionary connections that exist among bunyaviruses. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses are distributed across a wide and increasing range of host reservoirs throughout the world. In particular, hantaviruses can be transmitted via aerosols of rodent excreta to humans or from human to human and cause HFRS and HCPS, with mortalities of 15% and 50%, respectively. Hantavirus is therefore listed as a category C pathogen. Hantavirus encodes an NP that plays essential roles both in RNP formation and in multiple biological functions. NP is also the exclusive target for the serological diagnoses. This work reveals the structure of hantavirus NP, furthering the knowledge of hantavirus RNP formation, revealing the relationship between hantavirus NP and serological specificity and raising the potential for the development of new diagnosis and therapeutics targeting hantavirus infection.
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Structural and Functional Diversity of Nairovirus-Encoded Nucleoproteins. J Virol 2015; 89:11740-9. [PMID: 26246561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01680-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nairoviruses include assorted tick-borne bunyaviruses that are emerging as causative agents of infectious diseases among humans and animals. As negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) viruses, nairoviruses encode nucleoprotein (NP) that encapsidates the genomic RNA and further forms ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We previously revealed that the monomeric NP encoded by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) presents a racket-shaped structure and shows unusual DNA-specific endonuclease activity. To examine the structural and biological variation of nairovirus-encoded NPs, here, we systematically solved the crystal structures of NPs encoded by various nairoviruses, including Hazara virus (HAZV), Kupe virus (KUPV), and Erve virus (ERVEV). Combined with biochemical analysis, our results generate a clearer picture to aid in the understanding of the functional diversity of nairovirus-encoded NPs and the formation of nairovirus RNPs. IMPORTANCE Nairoviruses comprise several tick-borne bunyaviruses that are emerging as causative agents of infectious diseases among humans and animals; however, little is known of the nairovirus genome assembly and transcription mechanisms. Based on the previous study of CCHFV NP reported by different research groups, we systematically investigate here the structural and functional diversity among three different nairoviruses. This work provides important information on nairovirus nucleoprotein function and the formation of RNPs.
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Lei XY, Liu MM, Yu XJ. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and its pathogen SFTSV. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Shang L, Wang Y, Qing J, Shu B, Cao L, Lou Z, Gong P, Sun Y, Yin Z. An adenosine nucleoside analogue NITD008 inhibits EV71 proliferation. Antiviral Res 2014; 112:47-58. [PMID: 25446894 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), one of the major causative agents of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD), causes severe pandemics and hundreds of deaths in the Asia-Pacific region annually and is an enormous public health threat. However, effective therapeutic antiviral drugs against EV71 are rare. Nucleoside analogues have been successfully used in the clinic for the treatment of various viral infections. We evaluated a total of 27 nucleoside analogues and discovered that an adenosine nucleoside analogue NITD008, which has been reported to be an antiviral reagent that specifically inhibits flaviviruses, effectively suppressed the propagation of different strains of EV71 in RD, 293T and Vero cells with a relatively high selectivity index. Triphosphorylated NITD008 (ppp-NITD008) functions as a chain terminator to directly inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of EV71, and it does not affect the EV71 VPg uridylylation process. A significant synergistic anti-EV71 effect of NITD008 with rupintrivir (AG7088) (a protease inhibitor) was documented, supporting the potential combination therapy of NITD008 with other inhibitors for the treatment of EV71 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Shang
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Qing
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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35
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:763-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Wang W, Ma Y, Suo Y, Yan L, Zhang D, Miao C. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of defective pollen wall (DPW) protein from Oryza sativa. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:758-60. [PMID: 24915087 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14008486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The defective pollen wall (dpw) gene of Oryza sativa encodes a fatty acid reductase (DPW) which plays important roles in primary fatty alcohol synthesis. DPW catalyzes the synthesis of 1-hexadecanol. The enzyme shows a higher specificity for palmitoyl-ACP than for palmitoyl-CoA as the substrate, and can only use NADPH as the cofactor. To gain an understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the reaction catalyzed by DPW, the gene encoding DPW without the N-terminal 80 amino acids (DPWΔ80) was cloned into pET-28a vector and was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. DPWΔ80 was purified to homogeneity and screened for crystallization. DPWΔ80 in complex with NADPH produced crystals that diffracted X-rays to a resolution of 3.4 Å. The crystals belonged to space group P6₁ or P6₅, with unit-cell parameters a=b=222.8, c=114.0 Å, α=β=90, γ=120°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Suo
- Institute of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Yan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Institute of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Elliott RM, Brennan B. Emerging phleboviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2014; 5:50-7. [PMID: 24607799 PMCID: PMC4031632 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bunyavidae family is the largest grouping of RNA viruses and arguably the most diverse. Bunyaviruses have a truly global distribution and can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The majority of bunyaviruses are vectored by arthropods and thus have the remarkable capability to replicate in hosts of disparate phylogeny. The family has provided many examples of emerging viruses including Sin Nombre and related viruses responsible for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas, first identified in 1993, and Schmallenberg virus which emerged in Europe in 2011, causing foetal malformations in ruminants. In addition, some well-known bunyaviruses like Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever viruses continue to emerge in new geographical locations. In this short review we focus on newly identified viruses associated with severe haemorrhagic disease in humans in China and the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Elliott
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Benjamin Brennan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
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38
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Lou Z, Sun Y, Rao Z. Current progress in antiviral strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:86-102. [PMID: 24439476 PMCID: PMC7112804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral agents function as either viral targets or host factors. Virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs) function through a direct (DVTAs) or an indirect (InDVTAs) method in the viral life cycle. Host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) include reagents that target the host proteins that are involved in the viral life cycle.
The prevalence of chronic viral infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and influenza virus; the emergence and re-emergence of new viral infections, such as picornaviruses and coronaviruses; and, particularly, resistance to currently used antiviral drugs have led to increased demand for new antiviral strategies and reagents. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection has provided great potential for the discovery of new antiviral agents that target viral proteins or host factors. Virus-targeting antivirals can function directly or indirectly to inhibit the biological functions of viral proteins, mostly enzymatic activities, or to block viral replication machinery. Host-targeting antivirals target the host proteins that are involved in the viral life cycle, regulating the function of the immune system or other cellular processes in host cells. Here we review key targets and considerations for the development of both antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Lou
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Wang Y, Qing J, Sun Y, Rao Z. Suramin inhibits EV71 infection. Antiviral Res 2013; 103:1-6. [PMID: 24374150 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus-71 (EV71) is one of the major causative reagents for hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In particular, EV71 causes severe central nervous system infections and leads to numerous dead cases. Although several inactivated whole-virus vaccines have entered in clinical trials, no antiviral agent has been provided for clinical therapy. In the present work, we screened our compound library and identified that suramin, which has been clinically used to treat variable diseases, could inhibit EV71 proliferation with an IC50 value of 40 μM. We further revealed that suramin could block the attachment of EV71 to host cells to regulate the early stage of EV71 infection, as well as affected other steps of EV71 life cycle. Our results are helpful to understand the mechanism for EV71 life cycle and provide a potential for the usage of an approved drug, suramin, as the antiviral against EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Qing
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zihe Rao
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
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Liu S, Chai C, Wang C, Amer S, Lv H, He H, Sun J, Lin J. Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics. Rev Med Virol 2013; 24:90-102. [PMID: 24310908 PMCID: PMC4237196 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was firstly discovered in China in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. This novel Bunyavirus belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. This review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the published article surveillance data and phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences of large, medium, and small segments retrieved from database using mega 5.05, simplot 3.5.1, network 4.611, and epi information system 3.5.3 software. SFTS presents with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and considerable changes in several serum biomarkers. The disease has 10 ∼ 15% mortality rate, commonly because of multiorgan dysfunction. SFTSV is mainly reported in the rural areas of Central and North-Eastern China, with seasonal occurrence from May to September, mainly targeting those of ≥50 years of age. A wide range of domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, and chickens have been proven seropositive for SFTSV. Ticks, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis, are suspected to be the potential vector, which have a broad animal host range in the world. More studies are needed to elucidate the vector–animal–human ecological cycle, the pathogenic mechanisms in high level animal models and vaccine development. © 2013 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhou H, Sun Y, Guo Y, Lou Z. Structural perspective on the formation of ribonucleoprotein complex in negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:475-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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