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Paul S, Mukherjee T, Das K. Coagulation Protease-Driven Cancer Immune Evasion: Potential Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1568. [PMID: 38672649 PMCID: PMC11048528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation and cancer are intrinsically connected, hypercoagulation-associated thrombotic complications are commonly observed in certain types of cancer, often leading to decreased survival in cancer patients. Apart from the common role in coagulation, coagulation proteases often trigger intracellular signaling in various cancers via the activation of a G protein-coupled receptor superfamily protease: protease-activated receptors (PARs). Although the role of PARs is well-established in the development and progression of certain types of cancer, their impact on cancer immune response is only just emerging. The present review highlights how coagulation protease-driven PAR signaling plays a key role in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the contribution of coagulation protease-induced signaling in cancer immune evasion, thereby supporting the growth and development of certain tumors. A special section of the review demonstrates the role of coagulation proteases, thrombin, factor VIIa, and factor Xa in cancer immune evasion. Targeting coagulation protease-induced signaling might be a potential therapeutic strategy to boost the immune surveillance mechanism of a host fighting against cancer, thereby augmenting the clinical consequences of targeted immunotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Kaushik Das
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani 741251, West Bengal, India
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Heidari Z, Naeimzadeh Y, Fallahi J, Savardashtaki A, Razban V, Khajeh S. The Role of Tissue Factor In Signaling Pathways of Pathological Conditions and Angiogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1135-1151. [PMID: 37817529 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240258746230919165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an integral transmembrane protein associated with the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF gene expression is regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and mechanical injuries. TF activity may be affected by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain and alternative splicing. TF acts as the primary initiator of physiological hemostasis, which prevents local bleeding at the injury site. However, aberrant expression of TF, accompanied by the severity of diseases and infections under various pathological conditions, triggers multiple signaling pathways that support thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are central in the downstream signaling pathways of TF. In this study, we have reviewed the TF signaling pathways in different pathological conditions, such as wound injury, asthma, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), viral infections, cancer and pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenic activities of TF are critical in the repair of wound injuries and aggressive behavior of tumors, which are mainly performed by the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1-α). Pro-inflammatory effects of TF have been reported in asthma, CVDs and viral infections, including COVID-19, which result in tissue hypertrophy, inflammation, and thrombosis. TF-FVII induces angiogenesis via clotting-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Clottingdependent angiogenesis is induced via the generation of thrombin and cross-linked fibrin network, which facilitate vessel infiltration and also act as a reservoir for endothelial cells (ECs) growth factors. Expression of TF in tumor cells and ECs triggers clotting-independent angiogenesis through induction of VEGF, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR), early growth response 1 (EGR1), IL8, and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Khajeh
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Williams MD, Bullock MT, Johnson SC, Holland NA, Vuncannon DM, Oswald JZ, Adderley SP, Tulis DA. Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Controls Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1/2-Dependent Manner. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:213-226. [PMID: 37778342 PMCID: PMC10614497 DOI: 10.1159/000532032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disorders are characterized by vascular smooth muscle (VSM) transition from a contractile to proliferative state. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) involvement in this phenotypic conversion remains unclear. We hypothesized that PAR2 controls VSM cell proliferation in phenotype-dependent manner and through specific protein kinases. METHODS Rat clonal low (PLo; P3-P6) and high passage (PHi; P10-P15) VSM cells were established as respective models of quiescent and proliferative cells, based on reduced PKG-1 and VASP. Western blotting determined expression of cytoskeletal/contractile proteins, PAR2, and select protein kinases. DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were measured 24-72 h following PAR2 agonism (SLIGRL; 100 nM-10 μm) with/without PKA (PKI; 10 μm), MEK1/2 (PD98059; 10 μm), and PI3K (LY294002; 1 μm) blockade. RESULTS PKG-1, VASP, SM22α, calponin, cofilin, and PAR2 were reduced in PHi versus PLo cells. Following PAR2 agonism, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation increased in PLo cells but decreased in PHi cells. Western analyses showed reduced PKA, MEK1/2, and PI3K in PHi versus PLo cells, and kinase blockade revealed PAR2 controls VSM cell proliferation through PKA/MEK1/2. DISCUSSION Findings highlight PAR2 and PAR2-driven PKA/MEK1/2 in control of VSM cell growth and provide evidence for continued investigation of PAR2 in VSM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison D Williams
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael T Bullock
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sean C Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle M Vuncannon
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joani Zary Oswald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - David A Tulis
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Zhou M, Li K, Luo KQ. Shear Stress Drives the Cleavage Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor 2 by PRSS3/Mesotrypsin to Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Circulating Lung Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301059. [PMID: 37395651 PMCID: PMC10477893 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
When circulating tumor cells (CTCs) travel in circulation, they can be killed by detachment-induced anoikis and fluidic shear stress (SS)-mediated apoptosis. Circulatory treatment, which can make CTCs detached but also generate SS, can increase metastasis of cancer cells. To identify SS-specific mechanosensors without detachment impacts, a microfluidic circulatory system is used to generate arteriosus SS and compare transcriptome profiles of circulating lung cancer cells with suspended cells. Half of the cancer cells can survive SS damage and show higher invasion ability. Mesotrypsin (PRSS3), protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), and the subunit of activating protein 1, Fos-related antigen 1 (FOSL1), are upregulated by SS, and their high expression is responsible for promoting invasion and metastasis. SS triggers PRSS3 to cleave the N-terminal inhibitory domain of PAR2 within 2 h. As a G protein-coupled receptor, PAR2 further activates the Gαi protein to turn on the Src-ERK/p38/JNK-FRA1/cJUN axis to promote the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and also PRSS3, which facilitates metastasis. Enriched PRSS3, PAR2, and FOSL1 in human tumor samples and their correlations with worse outcomes reveal their clinical significance. PAR2 may serve as an SS-specific mechanosensor cleavable by PRSS3 in circulation, which provides new insights for targeting metastasis-initiating CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muya Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SAR999078China
| | - Koukou Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SAR999078China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SAR999078China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SAR999078China
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Ahmadi SE, Shabannezhad A, Kahrizi A, Akbar A, Safdari SM, Hoseinnezhad T, Zahedi M, Sadeghi S, Mojarrad MG, Safa M. Tissue factor (coagulation factor III): a potential double-edge molecule to be targeted and re-targeted toward cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37280670 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a protein that plays a critical role in blood clotting, but recent research has also shown its involvement in cancer development and progression. Herein, we provide an overview of the structure of TF and its involvement in signaling pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, such as the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. TF overexpression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in various cancers. The review also explores TF's role in promoting cancer cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Of note, various TF-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and immunotherapies have been developed, and preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of these therapies in various cancer types are now being evaluated. The potential for re-targeting TF toward cancer cells using TF-conjugated nanoparticles, which have shown promising results in preclinical studies is another intriguing approach in the path of cancer treatment. Although there are still many challenges, TF could possibly be a potential molecule to be used for further cancer therapy as some TF-targeted therapies like Seagen and Genmab's tisotumab vedotin have gained FDA approval for treatment of cervical cancer. Overall, based on the overviewed studies, this review article provides an in-depth overview of the crucial role that TF plays in cancer development and progression, and emphasizes the potential of TF-targeted and re-targeted therapies as potential approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Shabannezhad
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kahrizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armin Akbar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehrab Safdari
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Hoseinnezhad
- Department of Hematolog, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sadeghi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Golizadeh Mojarrad
- Shahid Beheshti Educational and Medical Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kobayashi H, Matsubara S, Yoshimoto C, Shigetomi H, Imanaka S. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitors as Potential Targets for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051237. [PMID: 37238908 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that causes maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia is associated with complex abnormalities of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system. Tissue factor (TF) is involved in the hemostatic system during pregnancy, while the Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) is a major physiological inhibitor of the TF-initiated coagulation cascade. The imbalance in hemostatic mechanisms may lead to a hypercoagulable state, but prior research has not comprehensively investigated the roles of TFPI1 and TFPI2 in preeclamptic patients. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the biological functions of TFPI1 and TFPI2 and discuss future directions in preeclampsia research. METHODS A literature search was performed from inception to 30 June 2022 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS TFPI1 and TFPI2 are homologues with different protease inhibitory activities in the coagulation and fibrinolysis system. TFPI1 is an essential physiological inhibitor of the TF-initiated extrinsic pathway of coagulation. On the other hand, TFPI2 inhibits plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis and exerts antifibrinolytic activity. It also inhibits plasmin-mediated inactivation of clotting factors and maintains a hypercoagulable state. Furthermore, in contrast to TFPI1, TFPI2 suppresses trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion and promotes cell apoptosis. TFPI1 and TFPI2 may play important roles in regulating the coagulation and fibrinolytic system and trophoblast invasion to establish and maintain successful pregnancies. Concentrations of TF, TFPI1, and TFPI2 in maternal blood and placental tissue are significantly altered in preeclamptic women compared to normal pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS TFPI protein family may affect both the anticoagulant (i.e., TFPI1) and antifibrinolytic/procoagulant (i.e., TFPI2) systems. TFPI1 and TFPI2 may function as new predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia and navigate precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-0813, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kei Oushin Clinic, 5-2-6 Naruo-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8184, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijyonishi-machi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Aska Ladies Clinic, 3-3-17 Kitatomigaoka-cho, Nara 634-0001, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-0813, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
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Kawano T, Inokuchi J, Eto M, Murata M, Kang JH. Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5425. [PMID: 36358843 PMCID: PMC9658272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a large family of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that consists of at least 11 isozymes. Based on their structural characteristics and mode of activation, the PKC family is classified into three subfamilies: conventional or classic (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ) (PKCλ is the mouse homolog of PKCι) PKC isozymes. PKC isozymes play important roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance in cancer cells. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between PKC isozymes and poor disease-free survival, poor survival following anticancer drug treatment, and increased recurrence. Furthermore, a higher level of PKC activation has been reported in cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues. These data suggest that PKC isozymes represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discusses the potential of PKC isozymes as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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Abstract
It has been 30 years since the first member of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family was discovered. This was followed by the discovery of three other receptors, including PAR2. PAR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by trypsin site-specific proteolysis. The process starts with serine proteases acting between arginine and serine, creating an N-terminus that functions as a tethered ligand that binds, after a conformational change, to the second extracellular loop of the receptor, leading to activation of G-proteins. The physiological and pathological functions of this ubiquitous receptor are still elusive. This review focuses on PAR2 activation and its distribution under physiological and pathological conditions, with a particular focus on the pancreas, a significant producer of trypsin, which is the prototype activator of the receptor. The role in acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes mellitus will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr SUHAJ
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas OLEJAR
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav MATEJ
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Li B, Li Y, Li S, Li H, Liu L, Xu Y. Inhibition of Protease Activated Receptor 2 Attenuates HBx-Induced Inflammation and Mitochondria Oxidative Stress. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:961-973. [PMID: 35299854 PMCID: PMC8921841 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s343864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the global public problems. Among the known infection cases, HBV X protein (HBx) is one of the key inducements of viral replication and host infection. This study was aimed to uncover the role of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on HBx-induced liver injury. METHODS A PAR2-KO mouse model expressing HBx was constructed using hydrodynamics-based in vivo gene transfection method. In addition, pcDNA3.1-HBx was used to over-express HBx in LO2 cells. The effects of HBx overexpression on inflammation and mitochondria oxidative stress were evaluated. RESULTS We found that PAR2 protein level was increased by HBx overexpression. The enforced HBx inhibited LO2 cells apoptosis. Meanwhile, HBx induced inflammation reactions through promoting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL-2. Overexpressed HBx also resulted in mitochondria oxidative stress by upregulation of ROS level and downregulation of MMP and ATP. However, in FSLLRY-NH2 (PAR2 antagonist) treated LO2 cells or PAR2-KO mice, PAR2 blockade reversed the above adverse effects of HBx on liver cells or tissues. CONCLUSION Inhibition of PAR2 may suppress inflammation and mitochondria oxidative stress caused by HBx, pointing out the potential application values of PAR2 antagonist on the treatment of HBV infection in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121001, People’s Republic of China
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1241-1250. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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11
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An Insight into GPCR and G-Proteins as Cancer Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123288. [PMID: 34943797 PMCID: PMC8699078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface signaling receptors known to play a crucial role in various physiological functions, including tumor growth and metastasis. Various molecules such as hormones, lipids, peptides, and neurotransmitters activate GPCRs that enable the coupling of these receptors to highly specialized transducer proteins, called G-proteins, and initiate multiple signaling pathways. Integration of these intricate networks of signaling cascades leads to numerous biochemical responses involved in diverse pathophysiological activities, including cancer development. While several studies indicate the role of GPCRs in controlling various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, and metastasis through its aberrant overexpression, mutations, or increased release of agonists, the explicit mechanisms of the involvement of GPCRs in cancer progression is still puzzling. This review provides an insight into the various responses mediated by GPCRs in the development of cancers, the molecular mechanisms involved and the novel pharmacological approaches currently preferred for the treatment of cancer. Thus, these findings extend the knowledge of GPCRs in cancer cells and help in the identification of therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Mechelke T, Wittig F, Ramer R, Hinz B. Interleukin-1β Induces Tissue Factor Expression in A549 Cells via EGFR-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126606. [PMID: 34205482 PMCID: PMC8235322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) plays an important role in the progression and angiogenesis of tumor cells. The present study investigated the mechanism of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced TF expression in A549 lung cancer cells. Based on mRNA and protein analyses, including appropriate inhibitor experiments, IL-1β was shown to induce TF expression in a time-dependent manner, mediated by IL-1 receptor-dependent phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38, p42/44 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as the Src kinase and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Thereby, inhibition of EGFR transactivation by the Src inhibitor PP1 or direct EGFR inhibition by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib led to a reduction of IL-1β-induced TF expression and to a suppression of p42/44 MAPK and EGFR activation, while IL-1β-induced p38 MAPK and JNK activation remained unchanged. A knockdown of EGFR by siRNA was associated with decreased IL-1β-mediated p42/44 MAPK activation, which was no longer inhibitable by erlotinib. Concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-1β-induced TF expression was also observed in the presence of gefitinib and afatinib, two other EGFR TKIs. In summary, our results suggest that IL-1β leads to increased TF formation in lung cancer cells via both Src/EGFR/p42/44 MAPK-dependent and EGFR-independent signaling pathways, with the latter mediated via p38 MAPK and JNK.
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Black AR, Black JD. The complexities of PKCα signaling in cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100769. [PMID: 33307285 PMCID: PMC8141086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C α (PKCα) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the PKC family of serine/threonine kinases with diverse functions in normal and neoplastic cells. Early studies identified anti-proliferative and differentiation-inducing functions for PKCα in some normal tissues (e.g., regenerating epithelia) and pro-proliferative effects in others (e.g., cells of the hematopoietic system, smooth muscle cells). Additional well documented roles of PKCα signaling in normal cells include regulation of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and cell migration, and PKCα can function as a survival factor in many contexts. While a majority of tumors lose expression of PKCα, others display aberrant overexpression of the enzyme. Cancer-related mutations in PKCα are uncommon, but rare examples of driver mutations have been detected in certain cancer types (e. g., choroid gliomas). Here we review the role of PKCα in various cancers, describe mechanisms by which PKCα affects cancer-related cell functions, and discuss how the diverse functions of PKCα contribute to tumor suppressive and tumor promoting activities of the enzyme. We end the discussion by addressing mutations and expression of PKCα in tumors and the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jennifer D Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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14
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Dabigatran mitigates cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity through down regulation of thrombin pathway. J Adv Res 2021; 31:127-136. [PMID: 34194837 PMCID: PMC8240102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cisplatin (CDDP) nephrotoxicity is one of the most significant complications limiting its use in cancer therapy. Objectives This study investigated the pivotal role played by thrombin in CDDP-mediated nephrotoxicity. This work also aimed to clarify the possible preventive effect of Dabigatran (Dab), a direct thrombin inhibitor, on CDDP nephrotoxicity. Methods Animals were grouped as follow; normal control group, CDDP nephrotoxicity group, CDDP + Dab 15, and CDDP + Dab 25 groups. Four days following CDDP administration, blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate renal function. Moreover, tissue samples were collected from the kidney to determine apoptosis markers, oxidative stress and histopathological evaluation. An immunofluorescence analysis of tissue factor (TF), thrombin, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), fibrin, pERK1/2 and P53 proteins expression was also performed. Results Thrombin, pERK, cleaved caspase-3, and oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated in CDDP-treated group. However, pretreatment of animals with either low or high doses of Dab significantly improved kidney function and decreased oxidative stress and apoptotic markers. Conclusion We conclude that thrombin is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CDDP kidney toxicity via activation of ERK1/2, P53 and caspase-3 pathway, which can be effectively blocked by Dab.
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Key Words
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- CDDP, Cisplatin
- Cisplatin
- Cr, creatinine
- Crcl, Creatinine clerance
- Dab, Dabigatran
- Dabigatran
- FXa, activated form of Factor X
- GSH, Reduced Glutathion
- H&E, Hematoxylin–Eosin
- INR, International normalized ratio
- KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- PAR, protease-activated receptor
- PAR2
- Pt, Prothrombin time
- Ptt, Partial thromboplastin time
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TF, Tissue factor
- Thrombin
- pERK1/2
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15
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Ethaeb AM, Mohammad MA, Madkhali Y, Featherby S, Maraveyas A, Greenman J, Ettelaie C. Accumulation of tissue factor in endothelial cells promotes cellular apoptosis through over-activation of Src1 and involves β1-integrin signalling. Apoptosis 2020; 25:29-41. [PMID: 31654241 PMCID: PMC6965344 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of tissue factor (TF) within cells leads to cellular apoptosis mediated through p38 and p53 pathways. In this study, the involvement of Src1 in the induction of TF-mediated cell apoptosis, and the mechanisms of Src1 activation were investigated. Human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) were transfected with plasmids to express the wild-type TF (TFWt-tGFP), or a mutant (Ser253 → Ala) which is incapable of being released from cells (TFAla253-tGFP). The cells were then activated with PAR2-agonist peptide (SLIGKV-NH) and the phosphorylation of Src and Rac, and also the kinase activity of Src were assessed. Transfected cells were also pre-incubated with pp60c Src inhibitor, FAK inhibitor-14, or a blocking anti-β1-integrin antibody prior to activation and the phosphorylation of p38 as well as cellular apoptosis was examined. Finally, cells were co-transfected with the plasmids, together with a Src1-specific siRNA, activated as above and the cellular apoptosis measured. Activation of PAR2 lead to the phosphorylation of Src1 and Rac1 proteins at 60 min regardless of TF expression. Moreover, Src phosphorylation and kinase activity was prolonged up to 100 min in the presence of TF, with a significantly higher magnitude when the non-releasable TFAla253-tGFP was expressed in HCAEC. Inhibition of Src with pp60c, or suppression of Src1 expression in cells, reduced p38 phosphorylation and prevented cellular apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of FAK had no significant influence on Src kinase activity or cellular apoptosis. Finally, pre-incubation of cells with an inhibitory anti-β1-integrin antibody reduced both Src1 activation and cellular apoptosis. Our data show for the first time that the over-activation of Src1 is a mediator of TF-induced cellular apoptosis in endothelial cells through a mechanism that is dependent on its interaction with β1-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Ethaeb
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq
| | | | - Yahya Madkhali
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Featherby
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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16
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Unruh D, Horbinski C. Beyond thrombosis: the impact of tissue factor signaling in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32665005 PMCID: PMC7362520 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, though its effects extend well beyond hemostasis. When TF binds to Factor VII, the resulting TF:FVIIa complex can proteolytically cleave transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). In addition to activating PARs, TF:FVIIa complex can also activate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. These signaling pathways are utilized by tumors to increase cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem-like cell maintenance. Herein, we review in detail the regulation of TF expression, mechanisms of TF signaling, their pathological consequences, and how it is being targeted in experimental cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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17
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Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Kataoka H, Izumi A, Yamashita F, Kiwaki T, Nishida T, Camerer E, Fukushima T. Protease-activated receptor-2 accelerates intestinal tumor formation through activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling and tumor angiogenesis in Apc Min/+ mice. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1193-1202. [PMID: 31997435 PMCID: PMC7156842 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 (HAI‐1), encoded by the SPINT1 gene, is a membrane‐bound protease inhibitor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 regulates type II transmembrane serine proteases that activate protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2). We previously reported that deletion of Spint1 in ApcMin/+ mice resulted in accelerated formation of intestinal tumors, possibly through enhanced nuclear factor‐κB signaling. In this study, we examined the role of PAR‐2 in accelerating tumor formation in the ApcMin/+ model in the presence or absence of Spint1. We observed that knockout of the F2rl1 gene, encoding PAR‐2, not only eliminated the enhanced formation of intestinal tumors caused by Spint1 deletion, but also reduced tumor formation in the presence of Spint1. Exacerbation of anemia and weight loss associated with HAI‐1 deficiency was also normalized by compound deficiency of PAR‐2. Mechanistically, signaling triggered by deregulated protease activities increased nuclear translocation of RelA/p65, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and vascular density in ApcMin/+‐induced intestinal tumors. These results suggest that serine proteases promote intestinal carcinogenesis through activation of PAR‐2, and that HAI‐1 plays a critical tumor suppressor role as an inhibitor of matriptase, kallikreins, and other PAR‐2 activating proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aya Izumi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishida
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eric Camerer
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Potential Health Risks Linked to Emerging Contaminants in Major Rivers and Treated Waters. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our local waterways is becoming an increasing threat to the surrounding population. These compounds and their degradation products (found in pesticides, herbicides, and plastic waste) are known to interfere with a range of biological functions from reproduction to differentiation. To better understand these effects, we used an in silico ontological pathway analysis to identify the genes affected by the most commonly detected EDCs in large river water supplies, which we grouped together based on four common functions: Organismal injuries, cell death, cancer, and behavior. In addition to EDCs, we included the opioid buprenorphine in our study, as this similar ecological threat has become increasingly detected in river water supplies. Through the identification of the pleiotropic biological effects associated with both the acute and chronic exposure to EDCs and opioids in local water supplies, our results highlight a serious health threat worthy of additional investigations with a potential emphasis on the effects linked to increased DNA damage.
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19
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Saito M, Ichikawa J, Ando T, Schoenecker JG, Ohba T, Koyama K, Suzuki-Inoue K, Haro H. Platelet-Derived TGF-β Induces Tissue Factor Expression via the Smad3 Pathway in Osteosarcoma Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2048-2058. [PMID: 29949655 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the prognosis of osteosarcoma has remained unchanged; the prognosis for patients with lung metastasis is still poor, and the development of new treatments is urgently required. We previously showed that aggressive osteosarcoma cells express more tissue factor (TF) and demonstrate enhanced extrinsic pathway capacity. Furthermore, tumor growth can be suppressed with the anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TF regulation are still unclear. Here, we report that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) upregulates TF, which can occur via activated platelets. TF was found to be expressed on osteosarcoma cell surfaces, which mediated the production of Xa and thrombin. TF induction by TGF-β was observed in several osteosarcoma cells, and especially in MG 63 cells. Both TF expression by TGF-β and extrinsic pathway activity through TF were rapidly increased. This reaction was inhibited by a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor and TGF-β neutralizing antibody. Although TGF-β was found to phosphorylate both Smad2 and Smad3, their roles were markedly disparate. Surprisingly, Smad2 knockdown resulted in no inhibitory effect, whereas Smad3 knockdown completely suppressed TGF-β-induced TF expression. Next, data suggested that platelets were the source of TGF-β. We confirmed that thrombin-activated platelets and osteosarcoma cells could release TGF-β, and that platelet-derived TGF-β could induce TF expression. These processes were also inhibited by a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor and Smad3 knockdown. Moreover, CD42b, TF, TGF-β, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 were also detected in a biopsy sample from an osteosarcoma patient. Collectively, these finding suggested that the interaction between osteosarcoma cells and platelets, via thrombin and TGF-β, results in a continuous cycle, and that anti-platelet or anti-TGF-β therapy could be a promising tool for disease treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Koyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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20
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Das K, Prasad R, Singh A, Bhattacharya A, Roy A, Mallik S, Mukherjee A, Sen P. Protease-activated receptor 2 promotes actomyosin dependent transforming microvesicles generation from human breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1707-1722. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Arpana Singh
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Suman Mallik
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
| | - Ashis Mukherjee
- A Unit of Himadri Memorial Cancer Welfare Trust; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute; Kolkata India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata India
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21
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Jiang P, De Li S, Li ZG, Zhu YC, Yi XJ, Li SM. The expression of protease-activated receptors in esophageal carcinoma cells: the relationship between changes in gene expression and cell proliferation, apoptosis in vitro and growing ability in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 29977156 PMCID: PMC5992767 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of four G protein-coupled receptors expressed widely in many types of cells. PAR1, 2, and 4 have been shown to play an important role in many of the physiological activities of cells and many types of cancer cells. Esophageal carcinoma has become the fourth most common clinically diagnosed cancer and one of the top three leading causes of cancer-related deaths in China. The functions and expression patterns of PAR1, 2, and 4 in esophageal carcinoma have not published previously. Methods Here, we systematically studied the expression of PAR1, 2, and 4 in clinical esophageal carcinoma patients and determined their role in esophageal carcinoma in vivo and in vitro through the overexpression or knockdown of PAR1, 2, and 4. Results We found that the expression of PAR1 and 2 expressed higher in esophageal carcinoma than in the paracarcinoma tissues on clinical patients. PAR1 and 2 enhanced cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro and reduced apoptosis to strengthen cancer cell vitality in TE-1 cells. In contrast, the expression of PAR4 expressed decreased in esophageal carcinoma, and its expression induced apoptosis in vivo and vitro. Conclusion In our previous studies and the present study, we noted that the expression of PAR1, 2, and 4 was almost absent in different stages of esophageal carcinoma. PAR1 and 2 might be potential molecular markers for esophageal carcinoma, and PAR4 might be an effective treatment target for esophageal carcinoma prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- 1Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Shu De Li
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Zhi Gang Li
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Yue Chun Zhu
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Xiao Jia Yi
- 3Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000 China
| | - Si Man Li
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
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22
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Matrix metalloproteinase-2: A key regulator in coagulation proteases mediated human breast cancer progression through autocrine signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:395-406. [PMID: 29870887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cell invasion is attributed to the synthesis and secretion of proteolytically active matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) by tumor cells to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote metastasis. The role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in human breast cancer migration/invasion via MMP-2 up-regulation remains ill-defined; hence we investigated whether TF-FVIIa/trypsin-mediated PAR2 activation induces MMP-2 expression in human breast cancer. MAIN METHODS MMP-2 expression and the signaling mechanisms were analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MMP-2 activity was measured by gelatin zymography. Cell invasion was analyzed by transwell invasion assay whereas; wound healing assay was performed to understand the cell migratory potential. KEY FINDINGS Here, we highlight that TF-FVIIa/trypsin-mediated PAR2 activation leads to enhanced MMP-2 expression in human breast cancer cells contributing to tumor progression. Knock-down of PAR2 abrogated TF-FVIIa/trypsin-induced up-regulation of MMP-2. Again, genetic manipulation of AKT or inhibition of NF-ĸB suggested that PAR2-mediated enhanced MMP-2 expression is dependent on the PI3K-AKT-NF-ĸB pathway. We also reveal that TF, PAR2, and MMP-2 are over-expressed in invasive breast carcinoma tissues as compared to normal. Knock-down of MMP-2 significantly impeded TF-FVIIa/trypsin-induced cell invasion. Further, we report that MMP-2 activates p38 MAPK-MK2-HSP27 signaling axis that leads to actin polymerization and induces cell migration. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or MK2 attenuates MMP-2-induced cell migration. SIGNIFICANCE The study delineates a novel signaling pathway by which PAR2-induced MMP-2 expression regulates human breast cancer cell migration/invasion. Understanding these mechanistic details will certainly help to identify crucial targets for therapeutic interventions in breast cancer metastasis.
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The Protease Activated Receptor2 Promotes Rab5a Mediated Generation of Pro-metastatic Microvesicles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7357. [PMID: 29743547 PMCID: PMC5943449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, the hallmark of cancer propagation is attributed by the modification of phenotypic/functional behavior of cells to break attachment and migrate to distant body parts. Cancer cell-secreted microvesicles (MVs) contribute immensely in disease propagation. These nano-vesicles, generated from plasma membrane outward budding are taken up by nearby healthy cells thereby inducing phenotypic alterations in those recipient cells. Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2), activated by trypsin, also contributes to cancer progression by increasing metastasis, angiogenesis etc. Here, we report that PAR2 activation promotes pro-metastatic MVs generation from human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Rab5a, located at the plasma membrane plays vital roles in MVs biogenesis. We show that PAR2 stimulation promotes AKT phosphorylation which activates Rab5a by converting inactive Rab5a-GDP to active Rab5a-GTP. Active Rab5a polymerizes actin which critically regulates MVs shedding. Not only MVs generation, has this Rab5a activation also promoted cell migration and invasion. We reveal that Rab5a is over-expressed in human breast tumor specimen and contributes MVs generation in those patients. The involvement of p38 MAPK in MVs-induced cell metastasis has also been highlighted in the present study. Blockade of Rab5a activation can be a potential therapeutic approach to restrict MVs shedding and associated breast cancer metastasis.
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24
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Schepis A, Barker A, Srinivasan Y, Balouch E, Zheng Y, Lam I, Clay H, Hsiao CD, Coughlin SR. Protease signaling regulates apical cell extrusion, cell contacts, and proliferation in epithelia. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1097-1112. [PMID: 29301867 PMCID: PMC5839797 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that sense and regulate epithelial morphogenesis, integrity, and homeostasis are incompletely understood. Protease-activated receptor 2 (Par2), the Par2-activating membrane-tethered protease matriptase, and its inhibitor, hepatocyte activator inhibitor 1 (Hai1), are coexpressed in most epithelia and may make up a local signaling system that regulates epithelial behavior. We explored the role of Par2b in matriptase-dependent skin abnormalities in Hai1a-deficient zebrafish embryos. We show an unexpected role for Par2b in regulation of epithelial apical cell extrusion, roles in regulating proliferation that were opposite in distinct but adjacent epithelial monolayers, and roles in regulating cell-cell junctions, mobility, survival, and expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling and inflammation. The epidermal growth factor receptor Erbb2 and matrix metalloproteinases, the latter induced by Par2b, may contribute to some matriptase- and Par2b-dependent phenotypes and be permissive for others. Our results suggest that local protease-activated receptor signaling can coordinate cell behaviors known to contribute to epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Schepis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adrian Barker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yoga Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eaman Balouch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yaowu Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ian Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hilary Clay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Shaun R Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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25
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Ungefroren H, Witte D, Fiedler C, Gädeken T, Kaufmann R, Lehnert H, Gieseler F, Rauch BH. The Role of PAR2 in TGF-β1-Induced ERK Activation and Cell Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122776. [PMID: 29261154 PMCID: PMC5751374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, the expression of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been shown to be essential for activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)/SMAD-mediated signaling and cell migration by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. However, it is not known whether activation of non-SMAD TGF-β signaling (e.g., RAS–RAF–MEK–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling) is required for cell migration and whether it is also dependent on PAR2. Methods: RNA interference was used to deplete cells of PAR2, followed by xCELLigence technology to measure cell migration, phospho-immunoblotting to assess ERK1/2 activation, and co-immunoprecipitation to detect a PAR2–ALK5 physical interaction. Results: Inhibition of ERK signaling with the MEK inhibitor U0126 blunted the ability of TGF-β1 to induce migration in pancreatic cancer Panc1 cells. ERK activation in response to PAR2 agonistic peptide (PAR2–AP) was strong and rapid, while it was moderate and delayed in response to TGF-β1. Basal and TGF-β1-dependent ERK, but not SMAD activation, was blocked by U0126 in Panc1 and other cell types indicating that ERK activation is downstream or independent of SMAD signaling. Moreover, cellular depletion of PAR2 in HaCaT cells strongly inhibited TGF-β1-induced ERK activation, while the biased PAR2 agonist GB88 at 10 and 100 µM potentiated TGF-β1-dependent ERK activation and cell migration. Finally, we provide evidence for a physical interaction between PAR2 and ALK5. Our data show that both PAR2–AP- and TGF-β1-induced cell migration depend on ERK activation, that PAR2 expression is crucial for TGF-β1-induced ERK activation, and that the functional cooperation of PAR2 and TGF-β1 involves a physical interaction between PAR2 and ALK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - David Witte
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Christian Fiedler
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gädeken
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Frank Gieseler
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Yang X, Yang L, Ma Y, Zhao X, Wang H. MicroRNA-205 Mediates Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR 2) -Promoted Cancer Cell Migration. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:601-609. [PMID: 28990808 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1378671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) promotes cell migration in cancers, but the exact mechanism underlying this process remains largely unknown. Here we report that activation of PAR2 reduced miR-205 expression, whereas inhibition of miR-205 promoted cell migration in cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-205 blocked PAR2-mediated stimulation of cell migration. BMPR1B was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-205. In colorectal carcinoma specimens from patients, the level of PAR2 was negatively correlated with that of miR-205, but it was positively associated with BMPR1B expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that PAR2 signaling promotes cancer cell migration through miR-205/BMPR1B pathway in human colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Lan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yiming Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hongying Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Xie YX, Liao R, Pan L, Du CY. ERK pathway activation contributes to the tumor-promoting effects of hepatic stellate cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:116-123. [PMID: 28668554 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression crosstalking with cancer cell via various signaling pathways. The aim of our study is to explore the tumor-promoting effects of aHSCs on HCC via ERK pathway. METHODS α-SMA, p-ERK and p-JNK expression levels in tumoral and peritumoral tissues of HCC were assessed by immunohistochemical and western blotting. The protein and mRNA expression levels in human hepatoma cell treated with aHSC conditioned medium (CM) were determined by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed using transwell assays. The proliferation ability of HCC cells induced by aHSCs-CM was detected by CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS We found that aHSC number was positively correlated with p-ERK expression levels in tumoral tissues and aHSC-CM could time-dependently promote PCNA, p-ERK expression in HCC cells. Moreover, aHSC-CM enhanced HCC cells proliferation via ERK. Additionally, aHSC upregulated c-jun and cyclinD1 expression levels, accelerating the transition from G1 to the S phase of HCC cells, and this effect could be arrested by inhibiting ERK pathway. Furthermore, aHSC-CM promoted migration and invasion of HCC cells via ERK. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) phenomenon could be reversed by ERK suppression. CONCLUSION High expression of p-ERK and aHSCs may be associated with the aggressive behavior of HCC cells. Secretions from aHSCs could promote proliferation and EMT of HCC cells via ERK1/2/c-jun/cyclinD1 axis or ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiao Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Long Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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28
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Deng C, Wu S, Zhang L, Yang M, Lin Q, Xie Q, Ding H, Lian N, Gao S, Huang Y, Jin Y. Role of monocyte tissue factor on patients with non-small cell lung cancer. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:1125-1133. [PMID: 28419722 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the expression of D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP) and tissue factor (TF) released from monocyte in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with or without venous thromboembolism (VTE) and analyse the correlation, to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS Seventy-two patients confirmed the diagnosis of lung cancer, among whom 10 with VTE were enrolled into the study from November 2012 to January 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and 30 healthy subjects were also enrolled as the control group. Ficoll and Percoll density gradient centrifugation separated of peripheral blood monocyte. Monocyte TF mRNA expression was detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS There were significant differences in different stages of the cancer (P < .05) and no significance among the histopathologic types (P > .05) for the expression of monocyte TF mRNA in NSCLC patients, its expression was significantly higher in cancer with lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis (P < .01). Meanwhile, in NSCLC patients with VTE, the expression of monocyte TF mRNA was significantly higher than that in patients without VTE (P < .01). Difference of the survival curves between the low monocyte TF mRNA expression and the high monocyte TF mRNA expression was significant (Log-rank x2 = 4.923, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Monocyte TF may be a relevant source of TF-mediated thrombogenicity in NSCLC patients and may be associated with prognosis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Deng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, the Chinese People's Liberation Army 155 Central Hospital, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Minxia Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qichang Lin
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ningfang Lian
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaoyong Gao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Fujian Provincial Tumor hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yongxu Jin
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Pavan AR, Silva GDBD, Jornada DH, Chiba DE, Fernandes GFDS, Man Chin C, Dos Santos JL. Unraveling the Anticancer Effect of Curcumin and Resveratrol. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110628. [PMID: 27834913 PMCID: PMC5133053 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol and curcumin are natural products with important therapeutic properties useful to treat several human diseases, including cancer. In the last years, the number of studies describing the effect of both polyphenols against cancer has increased; however, the mechanism of action in all of those cases is not completely comprehended. The unspecific effect and the ability to interfere in assays by both polyphenols make this challenge even more difficult. Herein, we analyzed the anticancer activity of resveratrol and curcumin reported in the literature in the last 11 years, in order to unravel the molecular mechanism of action of both compounds. Molecular targets and cellular pathways will be described. Furthermore, we also discussed the ability of these natural products act as chemopreventive and its use in association with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Diego Eidy Chiba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | | | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
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Wen F, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Lu Z, Guo Q. The anticancer effects of Resina Draconis extract on cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15203-15210. [DOI: doi10.1007/s13277-016-5393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
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31
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Sun X, Wei B, Liu S, Guo C, Wu N, Liu Q, Sun MZ. Anxa5 mediates the in vitro malignant behaviours of murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cells with high lymph node metastasis potential preferentially via ERK2/p-ERK2/c-Jun/p-c-Jun(Ser73) and E-cadherin. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:645-654. [PMID: 27697636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Annexin A5 (Anxa5) is associated with the progression of some cancers, while its role and regulation mechanism in tumor lymphatic metastasis is rarely reported. This study aims to investigate the influence of Anxa5 knockdown on the malignant behaviours of murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cell line with high lymph node metastatic (LNM) potential and the underlying regulation mechanism. METHODS RNA interfering was performed to silence Anxa5 in Hca-F. Monoclonal shRNA-Anxa5- Hca-F cells were obtained via G418 screening by limited dilution method. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were applied to measure Anxa5 expression levels. CCK-8, Boyden transwell-chamber and in situ LN adhesion assays were performed to explore the effects of Anxa5 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion capacities of Hca-F. WB and qRT-PCR were used to detect the level changes of key molecules in corresponding signal pathways. RESULTS We obtained two monoclonal shRNA-Anxa5-transfected Hca-F cell lines with stable knockdowns of Anxa5. Anxa5 knockdown resulted in significantly reduced proliferation, migration, invasion and in situ LN adhesion potentials of Hca-F in proportion to its knockdown extent. Anxa5 downregulation enhanced E-cadherin levels in Hca-F. Moreover, Anxa5 affected Hca-F behaviours specifically via ERK2/p-ERK2/c-Jun/p-c-Jun(Ser73) instead of p38MAPK/c-Jun, Jnk/c-Jun and AKT/c-Jun pathways. CONCLUSIONS Anxa5 mediates the in vitro malignant behaviours of murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cells via ERK2/c-Jun/p-c-Jun(Ser73) and ERK2/E-cadherin pathways. It is an important molecule in metastasis (especially LNM) and a potential therapeutic target for hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujuan Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qinlong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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The anticancer effects of Resina Draconis extract on cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15203-15210. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gamperl H, Plattfaut C, Freund A, Quecke T, Theophil F, Gieseler F. Extracellular vesicles from malignant effusions induce tumor cell migration: inhibitory effect of LMWH tinzaparin. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1050-61. [PMID: 27435911 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been correlated with inflammatory diseases as well as progressive and metastatic cancer. By presenting tissue factor (TF) on their membrane surface, cellular microparticles (MPs) activate both the coagulation system and cell-signaling pathways such as the PAR/ERK pathway. We have shown before that malignant effusions are a rich source of tumor cell-derived EVs. Here, we used EVs from malignant effusions from three different patients after serial low-speed centrifugation steps as recommended by the ISTH (lsEV). Significant migration of human pancreatic carcinoma cells could be induced by lsEVs and was effectively inhibited by pre-incubation with tinzaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin. Tinzaparin induced tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) release from tumor cells, and recombinant TFPI inhibited EV-induced tumor cell migration. EVs also induced ERK phosphorylation, whereas inhibitors of PAR2 and ERK suppressed EV-induced tumor cell migration. LsEVs have been characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry and, after elimination of smaller vesicles including exosomes, by further high-speed centrifugation (hsEV). The remaining population consisting primarily of MPs is indeed the main migration-inducing population with tenase activity. Compared to other LMWHs, tinzaparin is suggested to have high potency to induce TFPI release from epithelial cells. The migration-inhibitory effect of TFPI and the interruption of tumor cell migration by inhibitors of PAR2 and ERK suggest that lsEVs induce tumor cell migration by activating the PAR2 signaling pathway. Tinzaparin might inhibit this process at least partly by inducing the release of TFPI from tumor cells, which blocks PAR-activating TF complexes. The clinical relevance of the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Gamperl
- Experimental Oncology, Ethics and Palliative Care in Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Corinna Plattfaut
- Experimental Oncology, Ethics and Palliative Care in Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Annika Freund
- Experimental Oncology, Ethics and Palliative Care in Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Tabea Quecke
- Experimental Oncology, Ethics and Palliative Care in Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Friederike Theophil
- Experimental Oncology, Ethics and Palliative Care in Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Experimental Oncology, Ethics and Palliative Care in Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany.
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Stahn S, Thelen L, Albrecht IM, Bitzer J, Henkel T, Teusch NE. Teleocidin A2 inhibits human proteinase-activated receptor 2 signaling in tumor cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00230. [PMID: 28116092 PMCID: PMC5242168 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced expression of the proteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is linked to cell proliferation and migration in many cancer cell types. The role of PAR2 in cancer progression strongly illustrates the need for PAR2‐inhibiting compounds. However, to date, potent and selective PAR2 antagonists have not been reported. The natural product teleocidin A2 was characterized against PAR2‐activating peptide SLIGKV‐NH2, and trypsin‐induced PAR2‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in tumor and in primary endothelial or epithelial cells. Further biochemical and cell‐based studies were conducted to evaluate teleocidin specificity. The antagonizing effect of teleocidin A2 was confirmed in PAR2‐dependent cell migration and rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton of human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA‐MB 231) breast cancer cells. Teleocidin A2 antagonizes PAR2‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ mobilization induced by either SLIGKV‐NH2 or trypsin with IC50 values from 15 to 25 nmol/L in MDA‐MB 231, lung carcinoma cell line, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Half maximal inhibition of either PAR1 or P2Y receptor‐dependent Ca2+ release is only achieved with 10‐ to 20‐fold higher concentrations of teleocidin A2. In low nanomolar concentrations, teleocidin A2 reverses both SLIGKV‐NH2 and trypsin‐mediated PAR2‐dependent migration of MDA‐MB 231 cells, and has no effect itself on cell migration and no effect on cell viability. Teleocidin A2 further controls PAR2‐induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangement of MDA‐MB 231 cells. Thus, for the first time, the small molecule natural product teleocidin A2 exhibiting PAR2 antagonism in the low nanomolar range with potent antimigratory activity is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Stahn
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences Cologne University of Applied Sciences Chem Park Leverkusen Leverkusen Germany
| | - Lisa Thelen
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences Cologne University of Applied Sciences Chem Park Leverkusen Leverkusen Germany
| | - Ina-Maria Albrecht
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences Cologne University of Applied Sciences Chem Park Leverkusen Leverkusen Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Elisabeth Teusch
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences Cologne University of Applied Sciences Chem Park Leverkusen Leverkusen Germany
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Eisenreich A, Bolbrinker J, Leppert U. Tissue Factor: A Conventional or Alternative Target in Cancer Therapy. Clin Chem 2016; 62:563-70. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.241521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Tissue factor (TF) is an evolutionary conserved glycoprotein that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. TF is expressed in 2 naturally occurring protein isoforms, membrane-bound full-length (fl)TF and soluble alternatively spliced (as)TF. Both isoforms have been shown to affect a variety of pathophysiologically relevant functions, such as tumor-associated angiogenesis, thrombogenicity, tumor growth, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting TF either by direct inhibition or indirectly, i.e., on a posttranscriptional level, offers a novel therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
CONTENT
In this review we summarize the latest findings regarding the role of TF and its isoforms in cancer biology. Moreover, we briefly depict and discuss the therapeutic potential of direct and/or indirect inhibition of TF activity and expression for the treatment of cancer.
SUMMARY
asTF and flTF play important and often distinct roles in cancer biology, i.e., in thrombogenicity and angiogenesis, which is mediated by isoform-specific signal transduction pathways. Therefore, both TF isoforms and downstream signaling are promising novel therapeutic targets in malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Bolbrinker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leppert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
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Ettelaie C, Collier ME, Featherby S, Benelhaj NE, Greenman J, Maraveyas A. Analysis of the potential of cancer cell lines to release tissue factor-containing microvesicles: correlation with tissue factor and PAR2 expression. Thromb J 2016; 14:2. [PMID: 26793031 PMCID: PMC4719208 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-016-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the association of cancer-derived circulating tissue factor (TF)-containing microvesicles and hypercoagulable state, correlations with the incidence of thrombosis remain unclear. METHODS In this study the upregulation of TF release upon activation of various cancer cell lines, and the correlation with TF and PAR2 expression and/or activity was examined. Microvesicle release was induced by PAR2 activation in seventeen cell lines and released microvesicle density, microvesicle-associated TF activity, and phoshpatidylserine-mediated activity were measured. The time-course for TF release was monitored over 90 min in each cell line. In addition, TF mRNA expression, cellular TF protein and cell-surface TF activities were quantified. Moreover, the relative expression of PAR2 mRNA and cellular protein were analysed. Any correlations between the above parameters were examined by determining the Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS TF release as microvesicles peaked between 30-60 min post-activation in the majority of cell lines tested. The magnitude of the maximal TF release positively correlated with TF mRNA (c = 0.717; p < 0.001) and PAR2 mRNA (c = 0.770; p < 0.001) expressions while the percentage increase correlated with PAR2 mRNA (c = 0.601; p = 0.011) and protein (c = 0.714; p < 0.001). There was only a weak correlation between resting TF release, and microvesicle release. However, TF release in resting cells did not significantly correlate with any of the parameters examined. Furthermore, TF mRNA expression correlated with PAR2 mRNA expression (c = 0.745; p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data suggest that TF and PAR2 mRNA, and PAR2 protein are better indicators of the ability of cancer cells to release TF and may constitute more accurate predictors of risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Mary Ew Collier
- Biomedical Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP UK
| | - Sophie Featherby
- Biomedical Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Naima E Benelhaj
- Biomedical Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK ; Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
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Yang L, Ma Y, Han W, Li W, Cui L, Zhao X, Tian Y, Zhou Z, Wang W, Wang H. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 promotes cancer cell migration through RNA methylation-mediated repression of miR-125b. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26627-37. [PMID: 26354435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.667717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase activated-receptor 2 (PAR2) participates in cancer metastasis promoted by serine proteinases. The current study aimed to test the molecular mechanism by which PAR2 promotes cancer cell migration. In different cancer cells, activation of PAR2 by activating peptide (PAR2-AP) dramatically increased cell migration, whereas knock down of PAR2 inhibited cellular motility. The PAR2 activation also repressed miR-125b expression while miR-125b mimic successfully blocked PAR2-induced cell migration. Moreover, Grb associated-binding protein 2 (Gab2) was identified as a novel target gene of miR-125b and it mediated PAR2-induced cell migration. The correlation of PAR2 with miR-125b and Gab2 was further supported by the findings obtained from human colorectal carcinoma specimens. Remarkably, knock down of NOP2/Sun domain family, member 2 (NSun2), a RNA methyltransferase, blocked the reduction in miR-125b induced by PAR2. Furthermore, PAR2 activation increased the level of N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A)-containing pre-miR-125b in NSun2-dependent manner. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-125b mediates PAR2-induced cancer cell migration by targeting Gab2 and that NSun2-dependent RNA methylation contributes to the down-regulation of miR-125b by PAR2 signaling. These findings suggest a novel epigenetic mechanism by which microenvironment regulates cancer cell migration by altering miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
| | - Yiming Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
| | - Wenxiao Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
| | - Weiwei Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, and
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
| | - Yantao Tian
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, and
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, PR China and
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongying Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology,
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Zhang XD, Xie JJ, Liao LD, Long L, Xie YM, Li EM, Xu LY. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate Induces Up-Regulated Transcription of Variant 1 but Not Variant 2 of VIL2 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via ERK1/2/AP-1/Sp1 Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124680. [PMID: 25915860 PMCID: PMC4411055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-cytoskeleton link organizer ezrin may be the most "dramatic" tumor marker, being strongly over-expressed in nearly one-third of human malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms of aberrant ezrin expression still need to be clarified. Ezrin, encoded by the VIL2 gene, has two transcript variants that differ in the transcriptional start site (TSS): V1 and V2. Both V1 and V2 encode the same protein. Here, we found that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced over-expression of human VIL2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Furthermore, VIL2 V1 but not V2 was up-regulated after TPA stimulation in a time-dependent manner. AP-1 and Sp1 binding sites within the promoter region of VIL2 V1 acted not only as basal transcriptional elements but also as a composite TPA-responsive element (TRE) for the transcription of VIL2 V1. TPA stimulation enhanced c-Jun and Sp1 binding to the TRE via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and increased protein levels of c-Jun, c-Fos, and Sp1, resulting in over-expression of VIL2 V1, whereas the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked these events. Finally, we showed that TPA promoted the migration of ESCC cells whereas MEK1/2 inhibitor or ezrin silencing could partially inverse this alteration. Taken together, these results suggest that TPA is able to induce VIL2 V1 over-expression in ESCC cells by activating MEK/ERK1/2 signaling and increasing binding of Sp1 and c-Jun to the TRE of the VIL2 V1 promoter, and that VIL2 is an important TPA-induced effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Long
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Min Xie
- Department of Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 514041, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Rohan Z, Olejar T, Matej R. Re: Shi et al. Protease-activated receptor 2 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and subsequent lymph node metastasis in a murine pancreatic cancer model. J Pathol 2014;234: 398-409. J Pathol 2014; 236:128-9. [PMID: 25488199 DOI: 10.1002/path.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Rohan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, National Reference Laboratory for Human Prion Diseases, Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lin ZM, Zhao JX, Duan XN, Zhang LB, Ye JM, Xu L, Liu YH. Effects of tissue factor, PAR-2 and MMP-9 expression on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 invasion. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:643-6. [PMID: 24568471 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the expression of tissue factor (TF), protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and influence on invasiveness. METHODS Stable MCF-7 cells transfected with TF cDNA and with TF ShRNA were established. TF, PAR-2, and MMP-9 protein expression was analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence and invasiveness was evaluated using a cell invasion test. Effects of an exogenous PAR-2 agonist were also examined. RESULTS TF protein expression significantly differed between the TF cDNA and TF ShRNA groups. MMP-9 protein expression was significantly correlated with TF protein expression, but PAR-2 protein expression was unaffected. The PAR- 2 agonist significantly enhanced MMP-9 expression and slightly increased TF and PAR-2 expression in the TF ShRNA group, but did not significantly affect protein expression in MCF-7 cells transfected with TF cDNA. TF and MMP-9 expression was positively correlated with the invasiveness of tumor cells. CONCLUSION TF, PAR-2, and MMP-9 affect invasiveness of MCF-7 cells. TF may increase MMP-9 expression by activating PAR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Mao Lin
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China E-mail :
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Han X, Guo B, Li Y, Zhu B. Tissue factor in tumor microenvironment: a systematic review. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:54. [PMID: 25084809 PMCID: PMC4237870 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant hemostasis is a common manifestation of cancer, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second leading cause of cancer patients’ mortality. Tissue factor (TF), comprising of a 47-kDa transmembrane protein that presents in subendothelial tissues and leukocytes and a soluble isoform, have distinct roles in the initiation of extrinsic coagulation cascade and thrombosis. Laboratory and clinical evidence showed the deviant expression of TF in several cancer systems and its tumor-promoting effects. TF contributes to myeloid cell recruitment in tumor stroma, thereby remodeling of tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the number of TF-positive-microparticles (TF+MP) from tumor origins correlates with the VTE rates in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the TF regulation and roles in tumor progression and clinical complications.
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Leppert U, Eisenreich A. The role of tissue factor isoforms in cancer biology. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:497-503. [PMID: 24806794 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Factor (TF) is an evolutionary conserved glycoprotein, which is of immense importance for a variety of biologic processes. TF is expressed in two naturally occurring protein isoforms, membrane-bound "full-length" (fl)TF and soluble alternatively spliced (as)TF. The TF isoform expression is differentially modulated on post-transcriptional level via regulatory factors, such as serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, SR protein kinases and micro (mi)RNAs. Both isoforms mediate a variety of physiologic- and pathophysiologic-relevant functions, such as thrombogenicity, angiogenesis, cell signaling, tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will depict the main mechanisms regulating the TF isoform expression in cancer and under other pathophysiologic-relevant conditions. Moreover, we will summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding the role of TF and its isoforms in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leppert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charite Centrum 04/13, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charite Centrum 04/13, Berlin, Germany
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Shu Q, Hu ZL, Huang C, Yu XW, Fan H, Yang JW, Fang P, Ni L, Chen JG, Wang F. Orexin-A promotes cell migration in cultured rat astrocytes via Ca2+-dependent PKCα and ERK1/2 signals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95259. [PMID: 24748172 PMCID: PMC3991588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexin-A is an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of feeding, arousal, energy consuming, and reward seeking in the body. The effects of orexin-A have widely studied in neurons but not in astrocytes. Here, we report that OX1R and OX2R are expressed in cultured rat astrocytes. Orexin-A stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and then induced the migration of astrocytes via its receptor OX1R but not OX2R. Orexin-A-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and astrocytes migration are Ca2+-dependent, since they could be inhibited by either chelating the extracellular Ca2+ or blocking the pathway of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Furthermore, both non-selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and PKCα selective inhibitor, but not PKCδ inhibitor, prevented the increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the migration of astrocytes, indicating that the Ca2+-dependent PKCα acts as the downstream of the OX1R activation and mediates the orexin-A-induced increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell migration. In conclusion, these results suggest that orexin-A can stimulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and then facilitate the migration of astrocytes via PLC-PKCα signal pathway, providing new knowledge about the functions of the OX1R in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yun HM, Park KR, Lee HP, Lee DH, Jo M, Shin DH, Yoon DY, Han SB, Hong JT. PRDX6 promotes lung tumor progression via its GPx and iPLA2 activities. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:367-76. [PMID: 24512906 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PRDX6 is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities, which are concomitantly increased with the expression of PRDX6. PRDX6 promoted lung tumor growth in an in vivo allograft model. Herein, we further studied the vital roles in tumor progression of PRDX6 in lung cancer using nude mice bearing PRDX6-overexpressing lung cancer cells. Nude mice xenografted with PRDX6 showed increases in tumor size and weight compared to control mice. Histopathological and Western blotting examination demonstrated that expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and cyclin-dependent kinases accompanied by increased iPLA2 and GPx activities were increased in the tumor tissues of PRDX6-overexpressing nude mice. In tumor tissues of PRDX6-overexpressing mice, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AP-1 DNA binding were also increased. The growth of lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI-H460) was enhanced by the increase in iPLA2 and GPx activities of PRDX6. In addition, mutant PRDX6 (C47S) attenuated PRDX6-mediated p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 activities as well as its enzyme activities in the A549 and NCI-H460 lines. Furthermore, tumor growth and p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 activities were also inhibited in nude mice bearing mutant PRDX6 (C47S) compared to PRDX6. Therefore, our findings indicate that PRDX6 promotes lung tumor growth via increased glutathione peroxidase and iPLA2 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Peum Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Jo
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dea Hwan Shin
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women׳s University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 150-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Han B, Luan L, Xu Z, Wu B. Clinical significance and biological roles of CRKL in human bladder carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:4101-6. [PMID: 24375195 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CRKL encodes an adaptor protein that has been recently reported to be overexpressed in various cancers and associate with the malignant behavior of cancer cells. However, the expression pattern of CRKL protein and its clinical significance in human bladder cancer have not been well characterized to date. In the present study, CRKL expression was analyzed in 82 archived bladder cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations between CRKL expression and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. We found that CRKL was overexpressed in 31 of 82 (37.8%) bladder cancer specimens. A significant association was observed between CRKL overexpression and tumor status (p = 0.019). To further explore the biological functions of CRKL in bladder cancer, we overexpressed CRKL in BIU-87 and 5637 cell lines. Using CCK8 assay and colony formation assay, we showed that CRKL upregulation increased cell proliferation. In addition, transwell assay showed that CRKL could also facilitate invasion. Further study demonstrated that CRKL upregulation increased cyclin D1 expression and ERK phosphorylation. In conclusion, CRKL is overexpressed in bladder cancer and regulates malignant cell growth and invasion, which makes CRKL a candidate therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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