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Jangid AK, Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim K. Biomaterial-Mediated Exogenous Facile Coating of Natural Killer Cells for Enhancing Anticancer Efficacy toward Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1789-1801. [PMID: 37726892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit a good therapeutic efficacy against various malignant cancer cells. However, the therapeutic efficacy of plain NK cells is relatively low due to inadequate selectivity for cancer cells. Therefore, to enhance the targeting selectivity and anticancer efficacy of NK cells, we have rationally designed a biomaterial-mediated ex vivo surface engineering technique for the membrane decoration of cancer recognition ligands onto NK cells. Our designed lipid conjugate biomaterial contains three major functional moieties: (1) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) lipid for cell membrane anchoring, (2) polyethylene glycol for intracellular penetration blocker, and (3) lactobionic acid (LBA) for cancer recognition. The biomaterial was successfully applied to NK cell surfaces (LBA-NK) to enhance recognition and anticancer functionalities, especially toward asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-overexpressing hepatocellular carcinoma. Highly efficient and homogeneous NK cell surface editing was achieved with a simple coating process while maintaining intrinsic properties of NK cells. LBA-NK cells showed potential ASGPR-mediated tumor cell binding (through LBA-ASGPR interaction) and thereby significantly augmented anticancer efficacies against HepG2 liver cancer cells. Thus, LBA-NK cells can be a novel engineering strategy for the treatment of liver cancers via facilitated immune synapse interactions in comparison with currently available cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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2
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Kohout VR, Wardzala CL, Kramer JR. Mirror Image Mucins and Thio Mucins with Tunable Biodegradation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16573-16583. [PMID: 37473442 PMCID: PMC11080933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and are integral to the cellular glycocalyx. Mucins play diverse roles in health and disease, are an important element in epithelial tissue models, and have broad therapeutic potential. All mucin applications are currently challenged by their inherent structural heterogeneity and degradation by proteases. In this study, we describe the synthesis and study of chemically defined mucin analogues bearing native glycans. We utilized combinations of enantiomer amino acids and glycan thioether linkages to achieve tunable proteolysis while maintaining cytocompatibility and binding activity. Structural characterization revealed a previously unknown mirror-image helix and sheds light on the molecular drivers of glycoprotein conformation. This work represents an important step toward the development of artificial mucins for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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3
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Wang K, Yu A, Liu K, Feng C, Hou Y, Chen J, Ma S, Huang L, Dai X. Nano-LYTACs for Degradation of Membrane Proteins and Inhibition of CD24/Siglec-10 Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300288. [PMID: 36866919 PMCID: PMC10161071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that effectively degrade cancer cell membranes and extracellular target proteins. In this study, a nanosphere-based LYTAC degradation system is developed. The amphiphilic peptide-modified N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) can self-assemble into nanospheres with a strong affinity for asialoglycoprotein receptor targets. They can degrade different membranes and extracellular proteins by linking with the relevant antibodies. CD24, a heavily glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface protein, interacts with Siglec-10 to modulate the tumor immune response. The novel Nanosphere-AntiCD24, synthesized by linking nanospheres with CD24 antibody, accurately regulates the degradation of CD24 protein and partially restores the phagocytic function of macrophages toward tumor cells by blocking the CD24/Siglec-10 signaling pathway. When Nanosphere-AntiCD24 is combined with glucose oxidase, an enzyme promoting the oxidative decomposition of glucose, the combination not only effectively restores the function of macrophages in vitro but also suppresses tumor growth in xenograft mouse models without detectable toxicity to normal tissues. The results indicate that GalNAc-modified nanospheres, as a part of LYTACs, can be successfully internalized and are an effective drug-loading platform and a modular degradation strategy for the lysosomal degradation of cell membrane and extracellular proteins, which can be broadly applied in the fields of biochemistry and tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Albert Yu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Yibo Hou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiaoyong Dai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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4
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Kumar V, Turnbull WB. Targeted delivery of oligonucleotides using multivalent protein-carbohydrate interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1273-1287. [PMID: 36723021 PMCID: PMC9940626 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface protein-carbohydrate interactions are essential for tissue-specific recognition and endocytosis of viruses, some bacteria and their toxins, and many glycoproteins. Often protein-carbohydrate interactions are multivalent - multiple copies of glycans bind simultaneously to multimeric receptors. Multivalency enhances both affinity and binding specificity, and is of interest for targeted delivery of drugs to specific cell types. The first such example of carbohydrate-mediated drug delivery to reach the clinic is Givosiran, a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) that is conjugated to a trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand. This ligand enables efficient uptake of the nucleic acid by the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on hepatocytes. Synthetic multivalent ligands for ASGP-R were among the first 'cluster glycosides' developed at the birth of multivalent glycoscience around 40 years ago. In this review we trace the history of 'GalNAc targeting' from early academic studies to current pharmaceuticals and consider what other opportunities could follow the success of this delivery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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5
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Development of Novel siRNA Therapeutics: A Review with a Focus on Inclisiran for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044019. [PMID: 36835426 PMCID: PMC9966809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it was discovered that introducing synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into the cytoplasm facilitates effective gene-targeted silencing. This compromises gene expression and regulation by repressing transcription or stimulating sequence-specific RNA degradation. Substantial investments in developing RNA therapeutics for disease prevention and treatment have been made. We discuss the application to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which binds to and degrades the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor, interrupting the process of LDL-C uptake into hepatocytes. PCSK9 loss-of-function modifications show significant clinical importance by causing dominant hypocholesterolemia and lessening the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Monoclonal antibodies and small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs targeting PCSK9 are a significant new option for managing lipid disorders and improving CVD outcomes. In general, monoclonal antibodies are restricted to binding with cell surface receptors or circulating proteins. Similarly, overcoming the intracellular and extracellular defenses that prevent exogenous RNA from entering cells must be achieved for the clinical application of siRNAs. N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugates are a simple solution to the siRNA delivery problem that is especially suitable for treating a broad spectrum of diseases involving liver-expressed genes. Inclisiran is a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA molecule that inhibits the translation of PCSK9. The administration is only required every 3 to 6 months, which is a significant improvement over monoclonal antibodies for PCSK9. This review provides an overview of siRNA therapeutics with a focus on detailed profiles of inclisiran, mainly its delivery strategies. We discuss the mechanisms of action, its status in clinical trials, and its prospects.
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6
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Merritt JC, Richbart SD, Moles EG, Cox AJ, Brown KC, Miles SL, Finch PT, Hess JA, Tirona MT, Valentovic MA, Dasgupta P. Anti-cancer activity of sustained release capsaicin formulations. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108177. [PMID: 35351463 PMCID: PMC9510151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide) is a hydrophobic, lipophilic vanilloid phytochemical abundantly found in chili peppers and pepper extracts. Several convergent studies show that capsaicin displays robust cancer activity, suppressing the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of several human cancers. Despite its potent cancer-suppressing activity, the clinical applications of capsaicin as a viable anti-cancer drug have remained problematic due to its poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility properties. In addition, the administration of capsaicin is associated with adverse side effects like gastrointestinal cramps, stomach pain, nausea and diarrhea and vomiting. All these hurdles may be circumvented by encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release drug delivery systems. Most of the capsaicin-based the sustained release drugs have been tested for their pain-relieving activity. Only a few of these formulations have been investigated as anti-cancer agents. The present review describes the physicochemical properties, bioavailability, and anti-cancer activity of capsaicin-sustained release agents. The asset of such continuous release capsaicin formulations is that they display better solubility, stability, bioavailability, and growth-suppressive activity than the free drug. The encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release carriers minimizes the adverse side effects of capsaicin. In summary, these capsaicin-based sustained release drug delivery systems have the potential to function as novel chemotherapies, unique diagnostic imaging probes and innovative chemosensitization agents in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Emily G Moles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Ashley J Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Paul T Finch
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Joshua A Hess
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Maria T Tirona
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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7
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Desialylated Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Targeted Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172642. [PMID: 36078050 PMCID: PMC9454677 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the dominating causes of cancer-related death throughout the world. Treatment options for patients with HCC vary, however, the lack of effective targeted drugs is the major reason for death in advanced HCC patients. In this study, a delivery system based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) was developed. In this system, we initially erased terminal linked α2–3 and α2–6 sialic acids on the surface of EVs by neuraminidase. The exhibition of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues in treated MSC-EVs can specifically be recognized by asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of hepatoma cells. Compared to free Dox and Dox-loaded EVs, desialylated EVs loaded with Dox significantly presented the improved cellular uptake, prioritized targeting efficacy, and had a better inhibiting effect in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the results of the present study of the demonstrated delivery system using desialylated MSC-EVs suggest its therapeutic potential for HCC.
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8
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Kalita M, Payne MM, Bossmann SH. Glyco-nanotechnology: A biomedical perspective. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102542. [PMID: 35189393 PMCID: PMC11164690 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycans govern cellular signaling through glycan-protein and glycan-glycan crosstalk. Disruption in the crosstalk initiates 'rogue' signaling and pathology. Nanomaterials supply platforms for multivalent displays of glycans, mediate 'rogue' signal correction, and provide disease treatment modalities (therapeutics). The decorated glycans also target overexpressed lectins on unhealthy cells and direct metal nanoparticles such as gold, iron oxide, and quantum dots to the site of infection. The nanoparticles inform us about the state of the disease (diagnosis) through their distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Glyco-nanoparticles can sense disease biomarkers, report changes in protein-glycan interactions, and safeguard quality control (analysis). Here we review the current state of glyco-nanotechnology focusing on diagnosis, therapeutics, and analysis of human diseases. We highlight how glyco-nanotechnology could aid in improving diagnostic methods for the detection of disease biomarkers with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI), enhance therapeutics such as anti-adhesive treatment of cancer and vaccines against pneumonia, and advance analysis such as the rapid detection of pharmaceutical heparin contaminant and recombinant SARS-COV-2 spike protein. We illustrate these progressions and outline future potentials of glyco-nanotechnology in advancing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Kalita
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Macy M. Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- The University of Kansas Cancer Cente–Drug Discovery, Delivery and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center-Cancer Biology, Kansas City, KS
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9
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New Insights into the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases: When Mechanisms Become Vivid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073525. [PMID: 35408886 PMCID: PMC8998908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for glomerular diseases has been extrapolated from the experience of other autoimmune disorders while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms were still not well understood. As the classification of glomerular diseases was based on patterns of juries instead of mechanisms, treatments were typically the art of try and error. With the advancement of molecular biology, the role of the immune agent in glomerular diseases is becoming more evident. The four-hit theory based on the discovery of gd-IgA1 gives a more transparent outline of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and dysregulation of Treg plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD). An epoch-making breakthrough is the discovery of PLA2R antibodies in the primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). This is the first biomarker applied for precision medicine in kidney disease. Understanding the immune system’s role in glomerular diseases allows the use of various immunosuppressants or other novel treatments, such as complement inhibitors, to treat glomerular diseases more reasonable. In this era of advocating personalized medicine, it is inevitable to develop precision medicine with mechanism-based novel biomarkers and novel therapies in kidney disease.
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10
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Mahmoud K, Swidan S, El-Nabarawi M, Teaima M. Lipid based nanoparticles as a novel treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review on targeting and recent advances. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35248080 PMCID: PMC8898455 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is considered one of the deadliest diseases with one of the highest disease burdens worldwide. Among the different types of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma is considered to be the most common type. Multiple conventional approaches are being used in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Focusing on drug treatment, regular agents in conventional forms fail to achieve the intended clinical outcomes. In order to improve the treatment outcomes, utilizing nanoparticles-specifically lipid based nanoparticles-are considered to be one of the most promising approaches being set in motion. Multiple forms of lipid based nanoparticles exist including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, phytosomes, lipid coated nanoparticles, and nanoassemblies. Multiple approaches are used to enhance the tumor uptake as well tumor specificity such as intratumoral injection, passive targeting, active targeting, and stimuli responsive nanoparticles. In this review, the effect of utilizing lipidic nanoparticles is being discussed as well as the different tumor uptake enhancement techniques used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Shady Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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11
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O'Sullivan J, Muñoz-Muñoz J, Turnbull G, Sim N, Penny S, Moschos S. Beyond GalNAc! Drug delivery systems comprising complex oligosaccharides for targeted use of nucleic acid therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20432-20446. [PMID: 35919168 PMCID: PMC9281799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) are establishing a leading role for the management and treatment of genetic diseases following FDA approval of nusinersen, patisiran, and givosiran in the last 5 years, the breakthrough of milasen, with more approvals undoubtedly on the way. Givosiran takes advantage of the known interaction between the hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to deliver a therapeutic effect, underscoring the value of targeting moieties. In this review, we explore the history of GalNAc as a ligand, and the paradigm it has set for the delivery of NATs through precise targeting to the liver, overcoming common hindrances faced with this type of therapy. We describe various complex oligosaccharides (OSs) and ask what others could be used to target receptors for NAT delivery and the opportunities awaiting exploration of this chemical space. Tapping the glycome space for targeted delivery. We explore GalNAc for targeting oligonucleotides to the liver and ask what other oligosaccharides could expand targeting options for other tissues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Sullivan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
| | - Jose Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
| | - Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
| | - Neil Sim
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Durham, UK, DH6 5PF
| | - Stuart Penny
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Durham, UK, DH6 5PF
| | - Sterghios Moschos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
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12
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Kumar V, Kiran S, Kumar S, Singh UP. Extracellular vesicles in obesity and its associated inflammation. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:30-44. [PMID: 34423733 PMCID: PMC8770589 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1964497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade, chronic inflammation, which promotes insulin resistance and diabetes. Obesity can lead to the development and progression of many autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid autoimmunity, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). These diseases result from an alteration of self-tolerance by promoting pro-inflammatory immune response by lowering numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs), increasing Th1 and Th17 immune responses, and inflammatory cytokine production. Therefore, understanding the immunological changes that lead to this low-grade inflammatory milieu becomes crucial for the development of therapies that suppress the risk of autoimmune diseases and other immunological conditions. Cells generate extracellular vesicles (EVs) to eliminate cellular waste as well as communicating the adjacent and distant cells through exchanging the components (genetic material [DNA or RNA], lipids, and proteins) between them. Immune cells and adipocytes from individuals with obesity and a high basal metabolic index (BMI) produce also release exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs), which are collectively called EVs. These EVs play a crucial role in the development of autoimmune diseases. The current review discusses the immunological dysregulation that leads to inflammation, inflammatory diseases associated with obesity, and the role played by EXOs and MVs in the induction and progression of this devastating conditi8on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, 38103 USA
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, 38103 USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, 38103 USA
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, 38103 USA,Correspondence: Udai P Singh, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Avenue, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, 38163 USA,
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13
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Bao Q, Ganbold T, Qiburi Q, Bao M, Han S, Baigude H. AMP functionalized curdlan nanoparticles as a siRNA carrier: Synthesis, characterization and targeted delivery via adenosine A 2B receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:866-873. [PMID: 34743942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis has been used for tissue targeted delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs. Herein, we investigated adenosine receptor (AR) as a candidate for receptor-mediated siRNA internalization. We synthesized adenosine functionalized cationic curdlan derivatives (denote CuAMP polymers). One of these polymers, CuAMP4, efficiently delivered siRNA to breast cancer cells expressing high level of A2B receptor. The internalization of siRNA loaded CuAMP4 by cancer cells was inhibited by free AMP as well as endocytosis inhibitors. Moreover, knockdown of A2BR by siRNA, or pre-treatment of the cells with anti-A2BR antibody, strongly inhibited the cellular uptake of CuAMP4. Our findings confirmed that A2BR can be utilized for cell type specific siRNA delivery, and CuAMP4 NP may be a promising delivery system for cancer cell targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
| | - Qiburi Qiburi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Mingming Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Shuqin Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
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14
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Yamaki K, Terashi M, Yamamoto S, Fujiwara R, Inoue JI, Shimizu K, Yanagita S, Doi Y, Kimura KI, Kotani K, Sugihara M, Koyama Y. Immunoglobulin a suppresses B cell receptor-mediated activation of mouse B cells with differential inhibition of signaling molecules. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:76-86. [PMID: 34844505 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We previously reported that monoclonal mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) A, OA-4, attenuates sensitization in mice by suppressing B cell activation. OBJECTIVE Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that mouse IgA inhibits mouse B cell activation in vitro under natural conditions (i.e. in the absence of chemical, physical, and genetic modifications of IgA and B cells). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse splenocytes were stimulated with anti-B cell receptor (BCR) antibody or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of OA-4. Splenic B cell proliferation and the activation of several intracellular signaling molecules were measured. RESULTS Anti-BCR antibody-induced proliferation was markedly inhibited by OA-4 or the commercially available mouse IgA S107, whereas LPS-induced proliferation was weakly attenuated by a high concentration of OA-4. Moreover, OA-4 markedly decreased the anti-BCR antibody-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) and CD22 and decreased phosphorylated phospholipase (PLC) γ2 and intracellular Ca2+ levels moderately, whereas protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation was not affected by OA-4. The MAPK/ERK kinase-ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathways were found to play a role in the proliferation of splenocytes induced by anti-BCR antibody based on experiments with their inhibitors. In contrast to that in splenic B cells, ERK phosphorylation induced by anti-BCR antibody in A20 cells was not inhibited by OA-4. The modulatory effects of IgA were different among the cell types and signaling pathways. CONCLUSION IgA is a potential immunoregulatory drug utilizing new mechanisms that affect splenic B cells but not A20 lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Terashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rei Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kishi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sakura Yanagita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuma Doi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kayo Kotani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mai Sugihara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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15
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16
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Maulloo CD, Cao S, Watkins EA, Raczy MM, Solanki AS, Nguyen M, Reda JW, Shim HN, Wilson DS, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Lymph Node-Targeted Synthetically Glycosylated Antigen Leads to Antigen-Specific Immunological Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714842. [PMID: 34630389 PMCID: PMC8498032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse vaccines that tolerogenically target antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) offer promise in prevention of immunity to allergens and protein drugs and treatment of autoimmunity. We have previously shown that targeting hepatic APCs through intravenous injection of synthetically glycosylated antigen leads to effective induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that targeting these glycoconjugates to lymph node (LN) APCs under homeostatic conditions leads to local and increased accumulation in the LNs compared to unmodified antigen and induces a tolerogenic state both locally and systemically. Subcutaneous administration directs the polymeric glycoconjugate to the draining LN, where the glycoconjugated antigen generates robust antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell tolerance and hypo-responsiveness to antigenic challenge via a number of mechanisms, including clonal deletion, anergy of activated T cells, and expansion of regulatory T cells. Lag-3 up-regulation on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells represents an essential mechanism of suppression. Additionally, presentation of antigen released from the glycoconjugate to naïve T cells is mediated mainly by LN-resident CD8+ and CD11b+ dendritic cells. Thus, here we demonstrate that antigen targeting via synthetic glycosylation to impart affinity for APC scavenger receptors generates tolerance when LN dendritic cells are the cellular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitavi D. Maulloo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elyse A. Watkins
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michal M. Raczy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ani. S. Solanki
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph W. Reda
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ha-Na Shim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D. Scott Wilson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Ding Y, Cui W, Vara Prasad CVNS, Wang B. Design and Synthesis of Lactose, Galactose and Cholic Acid Related Dual Conjugated Chitosan Derivatives as Potential Anti Liver Cancer Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172939. [PMID: 34502978 PMCID: PMC8433812 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholic acid and galactose or lactose dual conjugated chitosan derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential anti liver cancer drug carriers, their structures were characterized through proton NMR spectra, elemental analysis, size distribution, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscope image studies. The ability of the dual conjugates to enhance the aqueous solubility of the cancer drug sorafenib was evaluated. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug content (DC%) of sorafenib in the inclusion complexes were measured. The chitosan dual conjugate with cholic acid and galactose was found to be best in enhancing the aqueous solubility of sorafenib. The solubility of sorafenib in water has increased from 1.7 µg/mL to 1900 µg/mL which is equal to 1117-fold increase in its solubility due to the inclusion complex with chitosan conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Ding
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (W.C.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-140-8549-6168
| | - Wutong Cui
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (W.C.); (B.W.)
| | | | - Bingyun Wang
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (W.C.); (B.W.)
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18
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Fleischmann D, Goepferich A. General sites of nanoparticle biodistribution as a novel opportunity for nanomedicine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:44-60. [PMID: 34087354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanomedical devices has led to a considerable number of clinically applied nanotherapeutics. Yet, the overall poor translation of nanoparticular concepts into marketable systems has not met the initial expectations and led to increasing criticism in recent years. Most novel nano approaches thereby use highly refined formulations including a plethora of active targeting sequences, but ultimately fail to reach their target due to a generally high off-target deposition in organs such as the liver or kidney. In this context, we argue that initial nanoparticle (NP) development should not entirely become set on conventional formulation aspects. In contrast, we propose a change of focus towards a prior analysis of general sites of NP in vivo deposition and an assessment of how accumulation in these organs or tissues can be harnessed to develop therapies for site-related pathologies. We therefore give a comprehensive overview of existing nanotherapeutic targeting strategies for specific cell types within three of the usual suspects, i.e. the liver, kidney and the vascular system. We discuss the physiological surroundings and relevant pathologies of described tissues as well as the implications for NP-mediated drug delivery. Additionally, successful cell-selective NP concepts using active targeting strategies are assessed. By bringing together both (patho)physiological aspects and concepts for cell-selective NP formulations, we hope to show a novel opportunity for the development of more promising nanotherapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fleischmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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19
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Kamali K, Schmelzle M, Kamali C, Brunnbauer P, Splith K, Leder A, Berndt N, Hillebrandt KH, Raschzok N, Feldbrügge L, Felsenstein M, Gaßner J, Ritschl P, Lurje G, Schöning W, Benzing C, Pratschke J, Krenzien F. Sensing Acute Cellular Rejection in Liver Transplant Patients Using Liver-Derived Extracellular Particles: A Prospective, Observational Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647900. [PMID: 34025656 PMCID: PMC8131523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation (LT) goes along with allograft dysfunction, which is diagnosed by liver biopsy and concomitant histological analysis, representing the gold standard in clinical practice. Yet, liver biopsies are invasive, costly, time-intensive and require expert knowledge. Herein we present substantial evidence that blood plasma residing peripheral liver-derived extracellular particles (EP) could be employed to diagnose ACR non-invasively. In vitro experiments showed organ-specific EP release from primary human hepatocytes under immunological stress. Secondly, analysis of consecutive LT patients (n=11) revealed significant heightened EP concentrations days before ACR. By conducting a diagnostic accuracy study (n = 69, DRKS00011631), we explored the viability of using EP as a liquid biopsy for diagnosing ACR following LT. Consequently, novel EP populations in samples were identified using visualization of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (viSNE) and self-organizing maps (FlowSOM) algorithms. As a result, the ASGR1+CD130+Annexin V+ EP subpopulation exhibited the highest accuracy for predicting ACR (area under the curve: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.90), with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 81.67-100.0%) and 68.5% (95% CI, 55.3-79.3%), respectively. In summary, this new EP subpopulation presented the highest diagnostic accuracy for detecting ACR in LT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Kamali
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can Kamali
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Brunnbauer
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Splith
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Leder
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Berndt
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthäus Felsenstein
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Gaßner
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Ritschl
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Schöning
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Benzing
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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20
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Gludovacz E, Schuetzenberger K, Resch M, Tillmann K, Petroczi K, Vondra S, Vakal S, Schosserer M, Virgolini N, Pollheimer J, Salminen TA, Jilma B, Borth N, Boehm T. Human diamine oxidase cellular binding and internalization in vitro and rapid clearance in vivo are not mediated by N-glycans but by heparan sulfate proteoglycan interactions. Glycobiology 2021; 31:444-458. [PMID: 32985651 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diamine oxidase (hDAO) rapidly inactivates histamine by deamination. No pharmacokinetic data are available to better understand its potential as a new therapeutic modality for diseases with excess local and systemic histamine, like anaphylaxis, urticaria or mastocytosis. After intravenous administration of recombinant hDAO to rats and mice, more than 90% of the dose disappeared from the plasma pool within 10 min. Human DAO did not only bind to various endothelial and epithelial cell lines in vitro, but was also unexpectedly internalized and visible in granule-like structures. The uptake of rhDAO into cells was dependent on neither the asialoglycoprotein-receptor (ASGP-R) nor the mannose receptor (MR) recognizing terminal galactose or mannose residues, respectively. Competition experiments with ASGP-R and MR ligands did not block internalization in vitro or rapid clearance in vivo. The lack of involvement of N-glycans was confirmed by testing various glycosylation mutants. High but not low molecular weight heparin strongly reduced the internalization of rhDAO in HepG2 cells and HUVECs. Human DAO was readily internalized by CHO-K1 cells, but not by the glycosaminoglycan- and heparan sulfate-deficient CHO cell lines pgsA-745 and pgsD-677, respectively. A docked heparin hexasaccharide interacted well with the predicted heparin binding site 568RFKRKLPK575. These results strongly imply that rhDAO clearance in vivo and cellular uptake in vitro is independent of N-glycan interactions with the classical clearance receptors ASGP-R and MR, but is mediated by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans followed by internalization via an unknown receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Kornelia Schuetzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marlene Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Tillmann
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Virgolini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
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21
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Damo M, Wilson DS, Watkins EA, Hubbell JA. Soluble N-Acetylgalactosamine-Modified Antigens Enhance Hepatocyte-Dependent Antigen Cross-Presentation and Result in Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell Tolerance Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:555095. [PMID: 33746941 PMCID: PMC7965950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.555095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes compose up to 80% of the total liver and have been indicated as important players in the induction of immunologic tolerance in this organ. We show that hepatocytes possess the molecular machinery required for the cross-presentation of extracellular antigens. Using a derivative of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) covalently modified with a polymer containing multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues (pGal-OVA) that enhance extracellular antigen uptake by mimicking the glycome of apoptotic debris, we show efficient hepatocyte-dependent induction of cross-tolerance of both adoptively transferred OT-I cells and endogenous OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, for example inducing tolerance to OVA-expressing skin transplants. Our study confirms that hepatocytes are capable of inducing peripheral tolerogenesis and provides proof of concept that they may be a valuable candidate for in vivo targeted tolerogenic treatments.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/metabolism
- Acetylgalactosamine/immunology
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Priming/immunology
- Hepatocytes/cytology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Skin Transplantation/methods
- Solubility
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/immunology
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Damo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Scott Wilson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elyse A. Watkins
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Ariceta G, Barrios K, Brown BD, Hoppe B, Rosskamp R, Langman CB. Hepatic Lactate Dehydrogenase A: An RNA Interference Target for the Treatment of All Known Types of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:1088-1098. [PMID: 33912759 PMCID: PMC8071644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a family of 3 rare genetic disorders of hepatic glyoxylate metabolism that lead to overproduction and increased renal excretion of oxalate resulting in progressive renal damage. LDHA inhibition of glyoxylate-to-oxalate conversion by RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for all types of PH. LDHA is mainly expressed in the liver and muscles. Methods Nonclinical data in mice and nonhuman primates show that LDHA inhibition by RNAi reduces urinary oxalate excretion and that its effects are liver-specific without an impact on off-target tissues, such as the muscles. To confirm the lack of unintended effects in humans, we analyzed data from the phase I randomized controlled trial of single-dose nedosiran, an RNAi therapy targeting hepatic LDHA. We conducted a review of the literature on LDHA deficiency in humans, which we used as a baseline to assess the effect of hepatic LDHA inhibition. Results Based on a literature review of human LDHA deficiency, we defined the phenotype as mainly muscle-related with no liver manifestations. Healthy volunteers treated with nedosiran experienced no drug-related musculoskeletal adverse events. There were no significant alterations in plasma lactate, pyruvate, or creatine kinase levels in the nedosiran group compared with the placebo group, signaling the uninterrupted interconversion of lactate and pyruvate and normal muscle function. Conclusion Phase I clinical data on nedosiran and published nonclinical data together provide substantial evidence that LDHA inhibition is a safe therapeutic mechanism for the treatment of all known types of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ariceta
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelly Barrios
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bob D Brown
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.,German Hyperoxaluria Center Cologne/Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Rosskamp
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig B Langman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Congdon MD, Gildersleeve JC. Enhanced Binding and Reduced Immunogenicity of Glycoconjugates Prepared via Solid-State Photoactivation of Aliphatic Diazirine Carbohydrates. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:133-142. [PMID: 33325683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological conjugation is an important tool employed for many basic research and clinical applications. While useful, common methods of biological conjugation suffer from a variety of limitations, such as (a) requiring the presence of specific surface-exposed residues, such as lysines or cysteines, (b) reducing protein activity, and/or (c) reducing protein stability and solubility. Use of photoreactive moieties including diazirines, azides, and benzophenones provide an alternative, mild approach to conjugation. Upon irradiation with UV and visible light, these functionalities generate highly reactive carbenes, nitrenes, and radical intermediates. Many of these will couple to proteins in a non-amino-acid-specific manner. The main hurdle for photoactivated biological conjugation is very low yield. In this study, we developed a solid-state method to increase conjugation efficiency of diazirine-containing carbohydrates to proteins. Using this methodology, we produced multivalent carbohydrate-protein conjugates with unaltered protein charge and secondary structure. Compared to carbohydrate conjugates prepared with amide linkages to lysine residues using standard NHS conjugation, the photoreactive prepared conjugates displayed up to 100-fold improved binding to lectins and diminished immunogenicity in mice. These results indicate that photoreactive bioconjugation could be especially useful for in vivo applications, such as lectin targeting, where high binding affinity and low immunogenicity are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly D Congdon
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Mishra A, Castañeda TR, Bader E, Elshorst B, Cummings S, Scherer P, Bangari DS, Loewe C, Schreuder H, Pöverlein C, Helms M, Jones S, Zech G, Licher T, Wagner M, Schudok M, de Hoop M, Plowright AT, Atzrodt J, Kannt A, Laitinen I, Derdau V. Triantennary GalNAc Molecular Imaging Probes for Monitoring Hepatocyte Function in a Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002997. [PMID: 33344141 PMCID: PMC7739951 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can lead to irreversible liver cirrhosis and cancer. Early diagnosis of NASH is vital to detect disease before it becomes life-threatening, yet noninvasively differentiating NASH from simple steatosis is challenging. Herein, bifunctional probes have been developed that target the hepatocyte-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the expression of which decreases during NASH progression. The results show that the probes allow longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of ASGPR levels by positron emission tomography in the newly developed rat model of NASH. The probes open new possibilities for research into early diagnosis of NASH and development of drugs to slow or reverse its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara R. Castañeda
- R&D DiabetesSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Erik Bader
- Industriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Sheila Cummings
- Global Discovery PathologyTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi GenzymeThe Mountain RoadFraminghamMA01701USA
| | - Petra Scherer
- Global BioimagingTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Dinesh S. Bangari
- Global Discovery PathologyTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi GenzymeThe Mountain RoadFraminghamMA01701USA
| | | | | | | | - Mike Helms
- Global BioimagingTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Seth Jones
- Industriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | | | | | - Manfred Schudok
- R&D Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Industriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
- Wren Therapeutics Ltd.Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Jens Atzrodt
- R&D Transversal OperationsGerman R&D HubSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D DiabetesSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
- Experimental PharmacologyMedical Faculty MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg68167MannheimGermany
- Fraunhofer IMETranslational Medicine and Pharmacology60596FrankfurtGermany
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Global BioimagingTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
- Present address:
Antaros Medical, Bioventure HubMölndal431 83Sweden
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26
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Mekchay P, Ittiwut C, Ittiwut R, Akkawat B, Le Grand SM, Leela-adisorn N, Muanpetch S, Khovidhunkit W, Sosothikul D, Shotelersuk V, Suphapeetiporn K, Rojnuckarin P. Whole exome sequencing for diagnosis of hereditary thrombocytopenia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23275. [PMID: 33217855 PMCID: PMC7676547 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary thrombocytopenia comprises extremely diverse diseases that are difficult to diagnose by phenotypes alone. Definite diagnoses are helpful for patient (Pt) management.To evaluate the role of whole exome sequencing (WES) in these Pts.Cases with unexplained long-standing thrombocytopenia and/or suggestive features were enrolled to the observational study. Bleeding scores and blood smear were evaluated. The variant pathogenicity from WES was determined by bioinformatics combined with all other information including platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy (EM).Seven unrelated Pts were recruited. All were female with macrothrombocytopenia. Clinical bleeding was presented in four Pts; extra-hematological features were minimal and family history was negative in every Pt. WES successfully identified all the 11 responsible mutant alleles; of these, four have never been previously reported. Pt 1 with GNE-related thrombocytopenia showed reduced lectin binding by flow cytometry, increased glycogen granules by EM and a novel homozygous mutation in GNE. Pts 2 and 3 had phenotypic diagnoses of Bernard Soulier syndrome and novel homozygous mutations in GP1BB and GP1BA, respectively. Pt 4 had impaired microtubule structures, concomitant delta storage pool disease by EM and a novel heterozygous TUBB1 mutation. Pt 5 had sitosterolemia showing platelets with reduced ristocetin responses and a dilated membrane system on EM with compound heterozygous ABCG5 mutations. Pts 6 and 7 had MYH9 disorders with heterozygous mutations in MYH9.This study substantiates the benefits of WES in identifying underlying mutations of macrothrombocytopenia, expands mutational spectra of four genes, and provides detailed clinical features for further phenotype-genotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponthip Mekchay
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Chupong Ittiwut
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Rungnapa Ittiwut
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Benjaporn Akkawat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
| | | | | | - Suwanna Muanpetch
- Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Weerapan Khovidhunkit
- Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Darintr Sosothikul
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
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In vivo detection of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells by immuno-positron emission tomography. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1025-1032. [PMID: 32929269 PMCID: PMC7541633 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The immune system’s ability to recognize peptides on major histocompatibility molecules (pMHCs) contributes to eradication of cancers and pathogens. Tracking these responses in vivo could help evaluate the efficacy of immune interventions and improve mechanistic understanding of immune responses. We employ synTacs, dimeric pMHC scaffolds of defined composition, which enable clonal-selective delivery of a variety of signaling, recruitment, and imaging modalities. We show that synTacs, when labeled with positron-emitting isotopes, can non-invasively image antigen-specific CD8 T cells in vivo. We imaged human papillomavirus (HPV16) E7-specific CD8 T cells by positron emission tomography with an HPV16 E7 peptide-loaded synTac in HPV16-positive tumors, following administration of a therapeutic vaccine. We also imaged influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein-specific CD8 T cells in the lungs of IAV-infected mice, using an isotopically labeled flu-specific synTac. It is thus possible to visualize antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations in vivo, which may serve prognostic and diagnostic roles.
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Valverde P, Martínez JD, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC-SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2999-3025. [PMID: 32426893 PMCID: PMC7276794 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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29
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Dembele L, Gupta DK, Dutta B, Chua ACY, Sze SK, Bifani P. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Simian Primary Hepatocytes Reveals Candidate Molecular Markers for Permissiveness to Relapsing Malaria Plasmodium cynomolgi. Proteomics 2020; 19:e1900021. [PMID: 31444903 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle impeding malaria research is the lack of an in vitro system capable of supporting infection through the entire liver stage cycle of the parasite, including that of the dormant forms known as hypnozoites. Primary hepatocytes lose their liver specific functions in long-term in vitro culture. The malaria parasite Plasmodium initiates infection in hepatocyte. This corresponds to the first step of clinically silent infection and development of malaria parasite Plasmodium in the liver. Thus, the liver stage is an ideal target for development of novel antimalarial interventions and vaccines. However, drug discovery against Plasmodium liver stage is severely hampered by the poor understanding of host-parasite interactions during the liver stage infection and development. In this study, tandem mass tag labeling based quantitative proteomic analysis is performed in simian primary hepatocytes cultured in three different systems of susceptibility to Plasmodium infection. The results display potential candidate molecular markers, including asialoglycoprotein receptor, apolipoproteins, squalene synthase, and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) that facilitate productive infection and full development in relapsing Plasmodium species. The identification of these candidate proteins required for constructive infection and development of hepatic malaria liver stages paves the way to explore them as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dembele
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road, #05-01 Chromos, Singapore, 138670.,Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), MRTC-DEAP-Faculty of Pharmacy, Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Devendra Kumar Gupta
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road, #05-01 Chromos, Singapore, 138670.,Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 5300 Chiron way, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Bamaprasad Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551
| | - Adeline C Y Chua
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road, #05-01 Chromos, Singapore, 138670.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551
| | - Pablo Bifani
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road, #05-01 Chromos, Singapore, 138670.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Xia X, Pollock N, Zhou J, Rossi J. Tissue-Specific Delivery of Oligonucleotides. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2036:17-50. [PMID: 31410789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9670-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
From the initial discovery of short-interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotides for specific gene knockdown at the posttranscriptional level to the current CRISPR-Cas9 system offering gene editing at the genomic level, oligonucleotides, in addition to their biological functions in storing and conveying genetic information, provide the most prominent solutions to targeted gene therapies. Nonetheless, looking into the future of curing cancer and acute diseases, researchers are only cautiously optimistic as the cellular delivery of these polyanionic biomacromolecules is still the biggest hurdle for their therapeutic realization. To overcome the delivery obstacle, oligonucleotides have been encapsulated within or conjugated with delivery vehicles for enhanced membrane penetration, improved payload, and tissue-specific delivery. Such delivery systems include but not limited to virus-based vehicles, gold-nanoparticle vehicles, formulated liposomes, and synthetic polymers. In this chapter, delivery challenges imposed by biological barriers are briefly discussed; followed by recent advances in tissue-specific oligonucleotide delivery utilizing both viral and nonviral delivery vectors, discussing their advantages, and how judicious design and formulation could improve and expand their potential as delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nicolette Pollock
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Hwang J, Sullivan MO, Kiick KL. Targeted Drug Delivery via the Use of ECM-Mimetic Materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:69. [PMID: 32133350 PMCID: PMC7040483 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of drug delivery vehicles to improve the efficacy of drugs and to target their action at effective concentrations over desired periods of time has been an active topic of research and clinical investigation for decades. Both synthetic and natural drug delivery materials have facilitated locally controlled as well as targeted drug delivery. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules have generated widespread interest as drug delivery materials owing to the various biological functions of ECM. Hydrogels created using ECM molecules can provide not only biochemical and structural support to cells, but also spatial and temporal control over the release of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, biomacromolecules, and cells. In addition, the modification of drug delivery carriers with ECM fragments used as cell-binding ligands has facilitated cell-targeted delivery and improved the therapeutic efficiency of drugs through interaction with highly expressed cellular receptors for ECM. The combination of ECM-derived hydrogels and ECM-derived ligand approaches shows synergistic effects, leading to a great promise for the delivery of intracellular drugs, which require specific endocytic pathways for maximal effectiveness. In this review, we provide an overview of cellular receptors that interact with ECM molecules and discuss examples of selected ECM components that have been applied for drug delivery in both local and systemic platforms. Finally, we highlight the potential impacts of utilizing the interaction between ECM components and cellular receptors for intracellular delivery, particularly in tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Wang M, Lv J, Zhang X, Chen P, Zhao M, Zhang H. Secondary IgA Nephropathy Shares the Same Immune Features With Primary IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 5:165-172. [PMID: 32043030 PMCID: PMC7000803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and related IgA/IgG immune complexes have been identified as the key drivers in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, their roles in the development of secondary IgAN are still unknown. Methods In this study, we measured the plasma Gd-IgA1 level, IgA/IgG complex, and Gd-IgA1 glomerular deposits in 100 patients with various kinds of secondary IgAN. Plasma Gd-IgA1 was measured using a lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Gd-IgA1 in glomerular deposits was examined by double immunofluorescent staining using its specific monoclonal antibody KM55. Results Patients with secondary IgAN presented with higher plasma Gd-IgA1 levels compared to healthy controls (median, 354.61 U/ml; interquartile range [IQR], 323.93, 395.57 U/ml vs. median, 303.17 U/ml; IQR, 282.24, 337.92 U/ml, P < 0.001) or patients with other kidney diseases (median, 314.61 U/ml; IQR, 278.97, 343.55 U/ml, P < 0.001). A similar trend was observed in plasma IgA/IgG immune complexes or IgA1. There were no differences between secondary and primary IgAN in plasma Gd-IgA1 levels (median, 378.54 U/ml; IQR, 315.96, 398.33 U/ml, P = 0.700) and IgA1-IgG complex levels (median, 18.76 U/ml; IQR, 14.51, 22.83 U/ml vs. median, 19.11 U/ml; IQR, 13.21, 22.37 U/ml, P = 0.888). Co-localized IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 of both secondary and primary IgAN indicated that they both share the feature of Gd-IgA1 deposits on the glomerular mesangium. Conclusion Our study strongly suggests that secondary IgAN shares a similar galactose-deficient IgA1-oriented pathogenesis with primary IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manliu Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Cheng P, Pu K. Recent Advances of Molecular Optical Probes in Imaging of β-Galactosidase. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2089-2101. [PMID: 31269795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), as a lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, plays an important physiological role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds which convert lactose into galactose. Moreover, upregulation of β-Gal is often correlated with the occurrence of primary ovarian cancers and cell senescence. Thereby, detection of β-Gal activity is relevant to cancer diagnosis. Optical imaging possesses high spatial and temporal resolution, high sensitivity, and real-time imaging capability. These properties are beneficial for the detection of β-Gal in living systems. This Review summarizes the recent progress in development of molecular optical probes for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence (BL), chemiluminescence (CL), or photoacoustic (PA) imaging of β-Gal in biological systems. The challenges and opportunities in the probe design for detection of β-Gal are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Modern Separation Science Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , 710127 , Xi'an , China.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
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Wang Y, Yu RZ, Henry S, Geary RS. Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations of GalNAc 3-Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotides. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:475-485. [PMID: 31144994 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1621838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Triantennary N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc3) - conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have demonstrated improved hepatocyte uptake and pharmacologic activity over their parent unconjugated ASOs in animals and humans. Areas covered: In this review, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) characteristics of GalNAc3-conjugated ASOs in animals and in humans are summarized, and their clinical relevance is evaluated from the clinical pharmacology perspectives. Expert opinion: ASOs distribute to tissues via receptor-mediated processes, and conjugation to a ligand specific to certain cell types can improve target tissue delivery. GalNAc3-conjugation represents a good example on this regard and has demonstrated ideal characteristics of a prodrug to target delivery of ASOs to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). The improved potency and safety margin permit more flexible dosing (e.g. monthly or less frequently if needed) taking full advantage of the long half-life of the parent ASO in humans. However, while still speculative, it should be noted that ASGPR-mediated uptake could become nonlinear with dose and factors that impact ASGPR expression or compete with ASGPR-mediated uptake could potentially affect the uptake of GalNAc3-conjugated ASOs, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- a Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Carlsbad , CA , USA
| | - Rosie Z Yu
- a Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Carlsbad , CA , USA
| | - Scott Henry
- a Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Carlsbad , CA , USA
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Diaz-Galvez KR, Teran-Saavedra NG, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Fernandez-Quiroz D, Silva-Campa E, Acosta-Elias M, Sarabia-Sainz HM, Pedroza-Montero MR, Sarabia-Sainz JA. Specific capture of glycosylated graphene oxide by an asialoglycoprotein receptor: a strategic approach for liver-targeting. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9899-9906. [PMID: 35520911 PMCID: PMC9062377 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the evaluation of lactosylated graphene oxide (GO-AL) as a potential drug carrier targeted at an asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) from hepatic cancer cells. Structural-modification, safety evaluation, and functional analysis of GO-AL were performed. The structure and morphology of the composite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while Raman and FTIR spectroscopy were used to track the chemical modification. For the safe application of GO-AL, an evaluation of the cytotoxic effect, hemolytic properties, and specific interactions of the glycoconjugate were also studied. SEM and AFM analysis of the GO showed graphene sheets with a layer size of 2-3 nm, though a few of them reached 4 nm. The Raman spectra presented characteristic peaks of graphene oxide at 1608 cm-1 and 1350 cm-1, corresponding to G and D bands, respectively. Besides, Si-O peaks for the APTES conjugates of GO were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. No cytotoxic or hemolytic effects were observed for GO samples, thus proving their biocompatibility. The interaction of Ricinus communis lectin confirmed that GO-AL has a biorecognition capability and an exposed galactose structure. This biorecognition capability was accompanied by the determination of the specific absorption of lactosylated GO by HepG2 cells mediated through the asialoglycoprotein receptor. The successful conjugation, hemolytic safety, and specific recognition described here for lactosylated GO indicate its promise as an efficient drug-delivery vehicle to hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Diaz-Galvez
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de SonoraHermosilloMexico
| | | | | | | | - Erika Silva-Campa
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de SonoraHermosilloMexico
| | - Monica Acosta-Elias
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de SonoraHermosilloMexico
| | - Hector M. Sarabia-Sainz
- Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y de la Actividad Física, Universidad de SonoraHermosilloMexico
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Yang T, Du G, Cui Y, Yu R, Hua C, Tian W, Zhang Y. pH-sensitive doxorubicin-loaded polymeric nanocomplex based on β-cyclodextrin for liver cancer-targeted therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1997-2010. [PMID: 30962684 PMCID: PMC6433111 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but is restricted by its poor pharmacokinetics. Herein, we exploited efficient targeted drug delivery systems and they have been found to be a worthy strategy for liver cancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated polymeric nanoparticles which were synthesized based on host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin and benzimidazole. The properties of nanoparticles with regard to size/shape, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release were investigated using conventional experiments. Cell proliferation assay in vitro, cell uptake assay, and cell apoptosis analysis were used to investigate cytotoxicity, uptake, and mechanism of targeted supramolecular prodrug complexes (TSPCs)-based self-assemblies and supramolecular prodrug complexes (SPCs)-based self-assemblies. RESULTS The pH-sensitive lactobionic acid (LA)-modified pH-sensitive self-assemblies were synthesized successfully. The results of in vitro released assay showed that the accelerated released of DOX from TSPCs-based self-assemblies with the decrease of pH value. When TSPCs-based self-assemblies were taken up by HepG2 cells, they demonstrated a faster release rate under acidic conditions and proved to have higher cytotoxicity than in the presence of LA. A mechanistic study revealed that TSPCs-based self-assemblies inhibited liver cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION The pH-sensitive nanocomplex, as liver-targeted nanoparticles, facilitated the efficacy of DOX in HepG2 cells, offering an appealing strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China,
| | - Guowen Du
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China,
| | - Yuxin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China,
| | - Runze Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China,
| | - Chen Hua
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China,
| | - Wei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China,
- Xi'an Institute for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China,
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China,
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Identifying genetic markers associated with susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Future Sci OA 2018; 5:FSO350. [PMID: 30652019 PMCID: PMC6331704 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is due to a complex interaction between the genome and the environment. Understanding how genetic differences in individuals contribute to their susceptibility to CVDs can help guide practitioners to give the best advice to achieve a favorable outcome for the patient. As genome technologies evolve, genotyping of individuals could be available to all patients using a simple saliva test. Large-scale genome-wide association studies and meta analyses have provided powerful insights into polymorphisms that may be predictive of disease and an individual's response to certain nutrients, but moving forward it is imperative that these insights can be applied in the medical setting to reduce the incidence and mortality of CVDs. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and while most CVDs can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, this is only half the story. Evidence suggests changes in an individual's genes or DNA can cause some form of CVDs, highlighting a complex relationship between genes and the environment. Genotyping, a process used to determine genetic differences within an individual's DNA, can provide doctors with relevant information to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing CVDs. This would allow treatment to begin early and encourage individuals to adopt a healthy lifestyle to reduce their risk.
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Dong H, Wu G, Xu H, Zhang C, Wang J, Gao M, Pang Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Tian Y, Li Q. N-acetylaminogalactosyl-decorated biodegradable PLGA-TPGS copolymer nanoparticles containing emodin for the active targeting therapy of liver cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:260-272. [PMID: 29914275 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1455055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignant tumours and has the third highest mortality rate worldwide. An active liver-targeting drug delivery system via the asialoglycoprotein receptors expressed in the hepatic parenchyma cells of mammals has become a research focus for the treatment of PLC. N-acetylaminogalactosyl-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-succinyl-D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (GalNAc-PLGA-sTPGS) was synthesized to achieve active liver-targeting properties. Emodin (EMO)-loaded GalNAc-PLGA-sTPGS nanoparticles (EGPTN) were prepared with EMO which was selected for its potential antitumour efficacy. The in vitro cellular uptake, mechanism, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were analyzed. The in vivo therapeutic effects of EGPTN were assessed in a PLC mouse model. The results showed that GalNAc-PLGA-sTPGS was successfully synthesized. The cellular uptake assay demonstrated that coumarin 6-loaded GalNAc-PLGA-sTPGS nanoparticles had superior active liver-targeting properties. The results of the cytotoxity and apoptosis studies indicated that EGPTN achieved the highest levels of cytotoxicity and cell apoptotic rate among the nanoparticles examined. Furthermore, EGPTN showed better in vivo therapeutic effects and anticancer efficacy in the PLC mice than did the other groups. Therefore, EGPTN enhanced the anticancer effect of EMO both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential option for the treatment of PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Guoyu Wu
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian China
| | - Hong Xu
- c College of Basic Medical Sciences , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- c College of Basic Medical Sciences , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Jiao Wang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Meng Gao
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Yue Pang
- d College of Life Science , Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China
| | - Houli Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Yan Tian
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Qingwei Li
- d College of Life Science , Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China
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Dong H, Tian L, Gao M, Xu H, Zhang C, Lv L, Zhang J, Wang C, Tian Y, Ma X. Promising galactose-decorated biodegradable poloxamer 188-PLGA diblock copolymer nanoparticles of resibufogenin for enhancing liver cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1302-1316. [PMID: 28895767 PMCID: PMC8240972 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1373165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the major diseases affecting human health. Modified drug delivery systems through the asialoglycoprotein receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of hepatocytes, have become a research focus for the treatment of liver cancer. Resibufogenin (RBG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine and natural anti-cancer drug that was isolated from Chansu, but its cardiotoxicity and hydrophobicity have limited its clinical applications. Galactosyl-succinyl-poloxamer 188 and galactosyl-succinyl-poloxamer 188-polylactide-co-glycolide (Gal-SP188–PLGA) were synthesized using galactose, P188, and PLGA to achieve active liver-targeting properties. RBG-loaded Gal-SP188–PLGA nanoparticles (RGPPNs) and coumarin-6-loaded Gal-SP188–PLGA nanoparticles (CGPPNs) were prepared. The in vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of nanoparticles in HepG2 cells were analyzed. The in vivo therapeutic effects of nanoparticles were assessed in a hepatocarcinogenic mouse model. The results showed that Gal-SP188–PLGA was successfully synthesized. The cellular uptake assay demonstrated that CGPPNs had superior active liver-targeting properties. The ratio of apoptotic cells was increased in the RGPPN group. In comparison to the other groups, RGPPNs showed superior in vivo therapeutic effects and anticancer efficacy. Thus, the active liver-targeting RGPPNs, which can enhance the pharmacological effects and decrease the toxicity of RBG, are expected to become a promising and effective treatment for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Li Tian
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Meng Gao
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Hong Xu
- c College of Basic Medical Sciences , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- c College of Basic Medical Sciences , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Li Lv
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Yan Tian
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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Petrov RA, Maklakova SY, Ivanenkov YA, Petrov SA, Sergeeva OV, Yamansarov EY, Saltykova IV, Kireev II, Alieva IB, Deyneka EV, Sofronova AA, Aladinskaia AV, Trofimenko AV, Yamidanov RS, Kovalev SV, Kotelianski VE, Zatsepin TS, Beloglazkina EK, Majouga AG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mono- and bivalent ASGP-R-targeted drug-conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:382-387. [PMID: 29269214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is a promising biological target for drug delivery into hepatoma cells. Nevertheless, there are only few examples of small-molecule conjugates of ASGP-R selective ligand equipped by a therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present work, we describe a convenient and versatile synthetic approach to novel mono- and multivalent drug-conjugates containing N-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-aminogalactopyranose and anticancer drug - paclitaxel (PTX). Several molecules have demonstrated high affinity towards ASGP-R and good stability under physiological conditions, significant in vitro anticancer activity comparable to PTX, as well as good internalization via ASGP-R-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, the conjugates with the highest potency can be regarded as a promising therapeutic option against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav A Petrov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Yu Maklakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yan A Ivanenkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy pr, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG RAS), Prosp. Oktybrya 71, Ufa, Bashkortostan 450054, Russian Federation.
| | - Stanislav A Petrov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Sergeeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya St., 143025 Skolkovo, Russian Federation
| | - Emil Yu Yamansarov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Saltykova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Kireev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Alieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Deyneka
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alina A Sofronova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Aladinskaia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandre V Trofimenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Renat S Yamidanov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG RAS), Prosp. Oktybrya 71, Ufa, Bashkortostan 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Kovalev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victor E Kotelianski
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya St., 143025 Skolkovo, Russian Federation
| | - Timofey S Zatsepin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya St., 143025 Skolkovo, Russian Federation
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 9 Leninskiy pr, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
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Brosson S, Bottu G, Pays E, Bousbata S, Salmon D. Identification and preliminary characterization of a putative C-type lectin receptor-like protein in the T. cruzi tomato lectin endocytic-enriched proteome. Microbiol Res 2017; 205:73-79. [PMID: 28942847 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of the Chagas' disease in Latin America undergoes a complex life cycle involving two hosts, a mammalian host and a reduviid insect vector (triatomine). In the insect midgut the parasite multiplies as epimastigote forms, which rely on endocytosis for their energy requirement. We recently showed that posttranslational modification of endocytic N-glycoproteins by tomato lectin (TL) binding-N-glycans is crucial for receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) in epimastigote forms. In an attempt to characterize the endocytic proteome we used a TL affinity chromatography, which significantly enriched glycoproteins of the trypanosomal endocytic pathway. In addition to various lysosomal hydrolases, we found an endosomal C-type lectin-like protein, which displays some structural and topological characteristics of the mammalian lectin receptor superfamily. This lectin encoding a large transmembrane protein of around 375kDa contained three putative extracellular N-terminal C-type lectin domains (CTLD) and located inside the flagellar pocket (FP)/cytostome and endosomal compartments of the insect stage of the parasite and on the surface of the plasma membrane of intracellular amastigote parasites. Noteworthy, this endogenous lectin displayed similar sugar-binding specificity to that of TL and therefore could be important in either the N-glycan mediated endocytosis or parasite adhesion to host cells. We postulated that during the evolution of trypanosomatids, genes encoding lectin harboring 3 CTDLs represent an old acquisition present in free-living, monoxenic and heteroxenic trypanosomatids, which would have been secondarily lost in extracellular parasites from the T. brucei clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Brosson
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Guy Bottu
- VIB BioInformatics Training and Services (BITS), Rijvisschestraat 126 3/R, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Bousbata
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Didier Salmon
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências e da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brigadeiro Trompowsky, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
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Bednarska NG, Wren BW, Willcocks SJ. The importance of the glycosylation of antimicrobial peptides: natural and synthetic approaches. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:919-926. [PMID: 28212948 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of a protein, with a defining impact on its structure and function. Many of the proteins involved in the innate or adaptive immune response, including cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are glycosylated, contributing to their myriad activities. The current availability of synthetic coupling and glycoengineering technology makes it possible to customise the most beneficial glycan modifications for improved AMP stability, microbicidal potency, pathogen specificity, tissue or cell targeting, and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan W Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Sam J Willcocks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
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Luo C, Chen S, Xu N, Sai WB, Zhao W, Li YC, Hu XJ, Tian H, Gao XD, Yao WB. Establishment of a fluorescence-based method to evaluate endocytosis of desialylated glycoproteins in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:87-94. [PMID: 28095357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sialylation can result in rapid clearance of therapeutic glycoproteins by intracellular degradation, which is mainly mediated by asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) on hepatic cells. In contrast, for glycoproteins, a long half-life is often related to high level of terminal sialic acid. These could be extremely important for insufficient sialylated biomedicines in clinic, and development of therapeutic glycoproteins in laboratory. However, how the desialylated glycoproteins are removed and how to evaluate the ASGPRs mediated endocytosis in vitro needs further investigate. Herein we described an integrative characterization of ASGPRs in vitro to elucidate its endocytosis properties. The endocytosis was determined by a fluorescence-based quantization method. The results showed that the ASGPRs could bind to poorly sialylated glycoproteins including asialofetuin and low sialylated recombinant Factor VIIa with a relatively higher ASGPRs binding affinity, and induce a more rapid endocytosis in vitro. Moreover, the mechanism under the internalization of ASGPRs was also investigated, which was found to depend on clathrin and caveolin. Utilizing the relative fluorescence quantification can be suitable for measurement of insufficient sialylated glycoprotein endocytosis and quality control of therapeutic glycoproteins, which could be useful for the understanding of the development of therapeutic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Na Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wen Bo Sai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Ying Chun Li
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xiao Jing Hu
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Hong Tian
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xiang Dong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China.
| | - Wen Bing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China.
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Knoppova B, Reily C, Maillard N, Rizk DV, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J. The Origin and Activities of IgA1-Containing Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27148252 PMCID: PMC4828451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, frequently leading to end-stage renal disease, as there is no disease-specific therapy. IgAN is diagnosed from pathological assessment of a renal biopsy specimen based on predominant or codominant IgA-containing immunodeposits, usually with complement C3 co-deposits and with variable presence of IgG and/or IgM. The IgA in these renal deposits is galactose-deficient IgA1, with less than a full complement of galactose residues on the O-glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chains. Research from the past decade led to the definition of IgAN as an autoimmune disease with a multi-hit pathogenetic process with contributing genetic and environmental components. In this process, circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 (autoantigen) is bound by antiglycan IgG or IgA (autoantibodies) to form immune complexes. Some of these circulating complexes deposit in glomeruli, and thereby activate mesangial cells and induce renal injury through cellular proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and cytokines/chemokines. Glycosylation pathways associated with production of the autoantigen and the unique characteristics of the corresponding autoantibodies in patients with IgAN have been uncovered. Complement likely plays a significant role in the formation and the nephritogenic activities of these complexes. Complement activation is mediated through the alternative and lectin pathways and probably occurs systemically on IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes as well as locally in glomeruli. Incidence of IgAN varies greatly by geographical location; the disease is rare in central Africa but accounts for up to 40% of native-kidney biopsies in eastern Asia. Some of this variation may be explained by genetically determined influences on the pathogenesis of the disease. Genome-wide association studies to date have identified several loci associated with IgAN. Some of these loci are associated with the increased prevalence of IgAN, whereas others, such as deletion of complement factor H-related genes 1 and 3, are protective against the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic and biochemical factors involved in formation and activities of pathogenic IgA1-containing immune complexes will enable the development of future disease-specific therapies as well as identification of non-invasive disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Knoppova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Current Status and Future Directions. Gut Liver 2016; 10:177-203. [PMID: 26934884 PMCID: PMC4780448 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and interface hepatitis on histological examination. The features lack diagnostic specificity, and other diseases that may resemble autoimmune hepatitis must be excluded. The clinical presentation may be acute, acute severe (fulminant), or asymptomatic; conventional autoantibodies may be absent; centrilobular necrosis and bile duct changes may be present; and the disease may occur after liver transplantation or with features that suggest overlapping disorders. The diagnostic criteria have been codified, and diagnostic scoring systems can support clinical judgment. Nonstandard autoantibodies, including antibodies to actin, α-actinin, soluble liver antigen, perinuclear antineutrophil antigen, asialoglycoprotein receptor, and liver cytosol type 1, are tools that can support the diagnosis, especially in patients with atypical features. Prednisone or prednisolone in combination with azathioprine is the preferred treatment, and strategies using these medications in various doses can ameliorate treatment failure, incomplete response, drug intolerance, and relapse after drug withdrawal. Budesonide, mycophenolate mofetil, and calcineurin inhibitors can be considered in selected patients as frontline or salvage therapies. Molecular (recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies), cellular (adoptive transfer and antigenic manipulation), and pharmacological (antioxidants, antifibrotics, and antiapoptotic agents) interventions constitute future directions in management. The evolving knowledge of the pathogenic pathways and the advances in technology promise new management algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN,
USA
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Villalta D, Mytilinaiou MG, Elsner M, Hentschel C, Cuccato J, Somma V, Schierack P, Roggenbuck D, Bogdanos DP. Autoantibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2015. [PMID: 26220739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is the only organ-specific autoantigenic target in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients and corresponding autoantibodies (Abs) have been suggested aiding in the serology of autoimmune liver diseases (ALD). METHODS A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing purified rabbit ASGPR was used to detect ASGPR Abs in patients with ALD and controls. ASGPR Ab was determined in sera from 172 patients with AIH type 1, AIH type 2 (n=42), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (n=113), cryptogenic liver disease (n=30), toxic liver disease (n=11), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n=27), HCV infection (n=25), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (n=43) and 100 blood donors. ASGPR Ab positivity was compared with AIH-related Abs (ANA, ASMA, Abs to LKM-1, LC-1, and SLA/LP) in patients with AIH. RESULTS Patients with AIH-1 and AIH-2 demonstrated an ASGPR Ab prevalence of 29.1% and 16.7%, respectively. ASGPR Ab positivity in patients with AIH-1 and AIH-2 was not significantly different to those in patients with PSC and HCV (p>0.05, respectively). ASGPR Ab levels in all study cohorts were significantly different with the highest medians in patients with AIH, PSC, and HCV infection (p<0.0001). ASGPR Ab can be found as only AIH-specific Ab determined by LIA and ELISA in 24.4% of AIH patients (48/197). CONCLUSIONS The novel ASGPR Ab ELISA is a specific diagnostic tool for ASGPR Ab detection in AIH. In addition to AIH, patients with PSC can demonstrate elevated ASGPR Ab amongst those with ALD suggesting a tolerance break to ASGPR in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Villalta
- Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, A.O. S. Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maria G Mytilinaiou
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty of Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz, Germany; Faculty of Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK; Department or Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated hepatocyte targeting — Strategies and applications. J Control Release 2015; 203:126-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Novel Crohn's Disease Marker Anti-GP2 Antibody Is Associated with Ileocolonic Location of Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:683824. [PMID: 23762038 PMCID: PMC3671301 DOI: 10.1155/2013/683824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. The ileocolonic variant of CD, an inflammation of both the ileum and the large intestine, accounts for up to 50% of the cases with CD, whereas Crohn's ileitis affecting the ileum is diagnosed in about 30%. Crohn's colitis, which is confined to the large intestine and accounts for the remaining 20%, is difficult to distinguish from the large bowel inflammation seen in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of CD is not yet completely understood. Autoimmunity is one factor that can partake in the triggering or modulation of inflammatory processes in IBD. The major zymogen-granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) has been recently identified as a major autoantigenic target in CD. Interestingly, GP2 is mainly expressed in the pancreas and has also been demonstrated to be a membrane-anchored receptor of microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium. Remarkably, GP2 is overexpressed at the site of CD inflammation in contrast to the one in UC. By utilizing novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of GP2-specific IgA and IgG, the loss of tolerance to GP2 has been associated with a specific clinical phenotype in CD, in particular with the ileocolonic location of the disease.
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