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Kelly BC, Hanson HA, Utz RL, Hollingshaus MS, Meeks H, Tay DL, Ellington L, Stephens CE, Ornstein KA, Smith KR. Disparities and determinants of place of death: Insights from the Utah Population Database. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 48:663-675. [PMID: 37676820 PMCID: PMC11119959 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2255864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
To better understand determinants and potential disparities in end of life, we model decedents' place of death with explanatory variables describing familial, social, and economic resources. A retrospective cohort of 204,041 decedents and their family members are drawn from the Utah Population Database family caregiving dataset. Using multinomial regression, we model place of death, categorized as at home, in a hospital, in another location, or unknown. The model includes family relationship variables, sex, race and ethnicity, and a socioeconomic status score, with control variables for age at death and death year. We identified the effect of a family network of multiple caregivers, with 3+ daughters decreasing odds of a hospital death by 17 percent (OR: 0.83 [0.79, 0.87], p < 0.001). Place of death also varies significantly by race and ethnicity, with most nonwhite groups more likely to die in a hospital. These determinants may contribute to disparities in end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna C Kelly
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rebecca L Utz
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mike S Hollingshaus
- Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Huong Meeks
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Djin L Tay
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lee Ellington
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Ken R Smith
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Stone T, Trepal D, Lafreniere D, Sadler RC. Built and social indices for hazards in Children's environments. Health Place 2023; 83:103074. [PMID: 37482035 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging the capabilities of the Historical Spatial Data Infrastructure (HSDI) and composite indices we explore the importance of children's built and social environments on health. We apply contemporary GIS methods to a set of 2000 historical school records contextualized within an existing HSDI to establish seven variables measuring the relative quality of each child's built and social environments. We then combined these variables to create a composite index that assesses acute (short-term) health risks generated by their environments. Our results show that higher acute index values significantly correlated with higher presence of disease in the home. Further, higher income significantly correlated with lower acute index values, indicating that the relative quality of children's environments in our study area were constrained by familial wealth. This work demonstrates the importance of analyzing multiple activity spaces when assessing built and social environments, as well as the importance of spatial microdata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Stone
- Social Sciences Department, Michigan Technological University, USA.
| | - Dan Trepal
- Social Sciences Department, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Don Lafreniere
- Social Sciences Department, Michigan Technological University, USA
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Potente C, Präg P, Monden CWS. Does Children's Education Improve Parental Health and Longevity? Causal Evidence from Great Britain. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:21-38. [PMID: 36705015 PMCID: PMC10009472 DOI: 10.1177/00221465221143089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parents with better-educated children are healthier and live longer, but whether there is a causal effect of children's education on their parents' health and longevity is unclear. First, we demonstrate an association between adults' offspring education and parental mortality in the 1958 British birth cohort study, which remains substantial-about two additional years of life-even when comparing parents with similar socioeconomic status. Second, we use the 1972 educational reform in England and Wales, which increased the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years, to identify the presence of a causal effect of children's education on parental health and longevity using census-linked data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. Results reveal that children's education has no causal effects on a wide range of parental mortality and health outcomes. We interpret these findings discussing the role of universal health care and education for socioeconomic inequality in Great Britain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Potente
- University of Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Präg
- CREST, ENSAE, Institut Polytechnique de
Paris, France
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Colón-López A, García C. 20th Century Puerto Rico and Later-Life Health: The Association Between Multigenerational Education and Chronic Conditions in Island-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Health 2023; 35:3-22. [PMID: 35536114 PMCID: PMC10081163 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221097532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research on the association between education and older adult health in the U.S. has not included Puerto Rico. We investigated the effects of multigenerational educational attainment and chronic conditions among older Puerto Ricans residing on the archipelago's main island. METHODS Data were from the longitudinal Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project. Generalized Poisson regression models were used to examine if multigenerational educational attainment was associated with chronic disease. RESULTS Findings show that parental educational attainment was associated with fewer chronic conditions among females at baseline but not at follow-up, suggesting that the effects of parental education on health over time are less pronounced. For males, educational attainment across the three generations was not significantly associated with chronic disease at baseline or follow-up. DISCUSSION Multigenerational education is an important determinant of older adult health that continues to be relevant in Puerto Rico and the Latin American and Hispanic-Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Colón-López
- Department of Sociology, 9968University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Catherine García
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Aging Studies Institute, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Torres JM, Yang Y, Rudolph KE, Courtin E. Increased adult child schooling and older parents' health behaviors in Europe: A quasi-experimental study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101162. [PMID: 35855968 PMCID: PMC9287559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that adult child educational attainment is associated with older parents' physical health and longevity. Scholars have hypothesized that these associations may be driven by health-behavior pathways, whereby adult children with more education may share information about healthy lifestyles, role-model healthier behaviors, and/or have more economic resources to support leisure-based physical activity or the purchase of healthy foods for older parents. However, this relationship has not been comprehensively evaluated with methods capable of addressing the confounding bias expected for observational studies on this topic. We estimated the association between increased adult child schooling and older parents' health behaviors using data from the Survey for Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (n = 8195). We leveraged changes to compulsory schooling laws that would have impacted respondents' adult children as quasi-experiments and estimated the association between increased schooling among oldest adult children and respondents' (parents') body mass index, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive drinking, and current smoking using two-stage least squares regression. Each year of increased schooling among oldest adult children was associated with a lower risk of current smoking (β: −0.029, 95% CI: −0.056, −0.003), physical inactivity (β: −0.034, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.077, 0.009), obesity (β: −0.038, 95% CI: −0.065, −0.011) and lower body mass index (β: −0.37, 95% CI: −0.73, −0.02). The direction of associations with excessive drinking varied by parent gender (β: −0.027, 95% CI: −0.046, −0.007 for mothers; β: 0.068, 95% CI: −0.011, 0.148 for fathers). Increases in adult child schooling may have upward influences on parents' late-life health behaviors, although there may be some differences by parent gender. Findings should be replicated across other global settings and studies should directly evaluate parent health behaviors as mediators of the relationship between increased adult child schooling and older parents’ longevity. Growing research suggests adult child education influences parents' mortality. This association may be due to health behavior pathways, but evidence is scarce. We conducted a quasi-experimental study of this topic using European data. Increased child schooling was associated with improved health behaviors for older parents. Associations with older parents' risk of excessive drinking varied by parent gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yulin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara E Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Emilie Courtin
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Qin Y. Adult Children's Intergenerational Mobility and Older Adults' Self-Rated Health: A US-China Comparison. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1154-1163. [PMID: 35147682 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines whether and how adult children's educational mobility is associated with the self-rated health of older adults aged 50 and above in China and the United States. METHODS The analytic sample included 12,445 Chinese respondents from the 2011-2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 17,121 US respondents from the 2010-2012 Health and Retirement Study. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between children's educational mobility and parents' self-rated health, and the KHB-method was used for mediation analysis. RESULTS Adult children's upward mobility was associated with their parents' better health in both countries. This association was mediated by child-to-parent economic support, as well as parents' social engagement and depressive symptoms in China; in the United States, parents' depression was the only significant mediator. DISCUSSION This study is among the first to empirically show the benefit of adult children's upward mobility for their parents' health. The cross-national differences in the mediating paths suggest that the crossover effect of children's intergenerational mobility on their parents' health is embedded within specific sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Dennison CR, Lee KS. Adult Children's Educational Attainment and Parent Health in Mid- and Later-Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1857-1869. [PMID: 34139008 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intergenerational models of adult health contend that children's educational attainments influence the health and well-being of their parents. However, it is unclear how much of this association is confounded by background characteristics that predict both children's educational attainments and parents' subsequent health, particularly in the U.S. METHODS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Parent Study are used to examine how having no children who completed college influences parents' self-rated health and depressive symptoms. We rely on propensity score methods to more squarely assess this relationship net of potential confounding bias and to test for heterogeneity in the consequences associated with having no children who completed college. RESULTS Having no children who completed college is negatively associated with parents' self-rated health and positively associated with depressive symptoms. After statistically balancing differences in background characteristics between groups, these associations remain, though the magnitude of the coefficients is attenuated. Supplemental matching analyses suggest that while the association between children's education and self-rated health might be spurious, the association with depressive symptoms is more robust. Additionally, among parents with the highest propensity for having no children who complete college, the consequences on depressive symptoms are greatest. DISCUSSION This study pays particular attention to selection-related concerns surrounding the association between offspring educational attainment and parent well-being in the United States. These findings are important given the call for investments in children's educational opportunities as promoting both the well-being of adult children and their parents.
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Ma M, Yahirun J, Saenz J, Sheehan C. Offspring Educational Attainment and Older Parents' Cognition in Mexico. Demography 2021; 58:75-109. [PMID: 33612872 PMCID: PMC7894606 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-8931725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Population-level disparities in later-life cognitive health point to the importance of family resources. Although the bulk of prior work establishes the directional flow of resources from parents to offspring, the "linked lives" perspective raises the question of how offspring resources could affect parental health as well. This paper examines whether adult children's education influences older parents' (aged 50+) cognitive health in Mexico, where schooling reforms have contributed to significant gains in the educational achievements of recent birth cohorts. Harnessing a change in compulsory school laws and applying an instrumental variables approach, we found that each year of offspring schooling was associated with higher overall cognition among parents, but was less predictive across different cognitive functioning domains. More offspring schooling improved parents' cognitive abilities in verbal learning, verbal fluency, and orientation, but not in visual scanning, visuo-spatial ability, or visual memory. The beneficial effects of offspring schooling on those cognitive domains are more salient for mothers compared to fathers, suggesting potential gendered effects in the influence of offspring schooling. The results remained robust to controls for parent-child contact and geographic proximity, suggesting other avenues through which offspring education could affect parental health and a pathway for future research. Our findings contribute to growing research which stresses the causal influence of familial educational attainment on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- Institute for Advanced Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 111 Wuchuan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jenjira Yahirun
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 242 Williams Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43404, USA
| | - Joseph Saenz
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Connor Sheehan
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Jiang N, Kaushal N. How children's education affects caregiving: Evidence from parent's last years of life. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 38:100875. [PMID: 32445917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1994-2012), we studied the association between adult children's education and financial and caregiving support they provided to their aging parents in the last years of the parents' life. We controlled for the circumstances of parents' death, their functional limitations, whether they were in long-term care or home-care settings in the last year of their life, and in some models, various measures of parents' self-reported health. Estimates suggest that having a college degree and above has a significantly positive association with monetary transfers and knowledge support children provide to their parents. Estimates remained robust in models that included parent fixed effects. Evidence of children's education on instrumental support to parents was nonlinear in that although some college education increased instrumental support, but, a college degree did not have a statistically significant effect. Gender did not play a moderating role in the relationship between offspring education and support towards parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Neeraj Kaushal
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Thoma B, Sudharsanan N, Karlsson O, Joe W, Subramanian SV, De Neve JW. Children's education and parental old-age health: Evidence from a population-based, nationally representative study in India. POPULATION STUDIES 2020; 75:51-66. [PMID: 32672098 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1775873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has documented intergenerational transmission of human capital from children to parents. Less is known, however, about heterogeneity in this 'upward transmission' in low-resource settings. We examine whether co-resident adult children's education is associated with improved health among older parents in India, using nationally representative data from the 2014 Indian National Sample Survey. Parents of children with tertiary education had a lower probability of reporting poor health than parents of children with less than primary education. The benefits of children's education persisted after controlling for economic factors, suggesting that non-pecuniary pathways-such as health knowledge or skills-may play an important role. The association was more pronounced among economically dependent parents and those living in the North and West regions. Taken together, our results point to a strong positive association between children's education and parental health, the role of non-pecuniary pathways, and the importance of subnational heterogeneity in India.
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Does having highly educated adult children reduce mortality risks for parents with low educational attainment in Europe? AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is known that the education of significant others may affect an individual's mortality. This paper extends an emerging body of research by investigating the effect of having highly educated adult children on the longevity of older parents in Europe, especially parents with low educational attainment. Using a sample of 15,015 individuals (6,620 fathers and 8,395 mothers) aged 50 and above, with 1,847 recorded deaths, over a mean follow-up period of 10.9 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we examine whether the well-established socio-economic gradient in mortality among parents is modified when their adult children have higher educational attainment than their parents. We find that having highly educated adult children is associated with reduced mortality risks for fathers and mothers with low educational attainment, compared to their counterparts whose adult children have only compulsory education. The association is stronger in early older age (ages 50–74) than in later older age (ages 75 and over). Part of the association appears to be explained by health behaviours (physical (in)activity) and health status (self-rated health). Our findings suggest that the socio-economic–mortality gradient among older parents might be better captured using an intergenerational approach that recognises the advantage of having highly educated adult children, especially for fathers and mothers with only compulsory education.
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Peng S, Bauldry S, Gilligan M, Suitor JJ. Older mother's health and adult children's education: Conceptualization of adult children's education and mother-child relationships. SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100390. [PMID: 31193097 PMCID: PMC6517527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study joins and extends an emerging body of work examining the association between adult children's education and their parents' health by (1) providing a conceptual treatment of adult children's education, (2) examining the link between adult children's education and older mothers' physical and mental health, and (3) investigating whether mother-child relationships moderate the association between children's education and mothers' health. Data on 541 older mothers in the U.S. who reported on all of their adult children collected as part of the Within-Family Differences Study. Results indicate the best performing measure of adult children's education, the proportion with a college degree or higher, reflects a cumulative, credential-based approach. In addition, the proportion of adult children with a college degree or higher maintains a negative association with mother's depressive symptoms and activity limitations net of mother's own education as well as a number of sociodemographic factors and adult children's measures. There was no evidence that various aspects of mother-child relationships (geographic proximity, frequency of contact, and quality of relationships) moderated these negative associations.
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Barclay K, Kolk M. Parity and Mortality: An Examination of Different Explanatory Mechanisms Using Data on Biological and Adoptive Parents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2019; 35:63-85. [PMID: 30976268 PMCID: PMC6357259 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-018-9469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A growing literature has demonstrated a relationship between parity and mortality, but the explanation for that relationship remains unclear. This study aims to pick apart physiological and social explanations for the parity-mortality relationship by examining the mortality of parents who adopt children, but who have no biological children, in comparison with the mortality of parents with biological children. Using Swedish register data, we study post-reproductive mortality amongst women and men from cohorts born between 1915 and 1960, over ages 45-97. Our results show the relative risks of mortality for adoptive parents are always lower than those of parents with biological children. Mortality amongst adoptive parents is lower for those who adopt more than one child, while for parents with biological children we observe a U-shaped relationship, where parity-two parents have the lowest mortality. Our discussion considers the relative importance of physiological and social depletion effects, and selection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieron Barclay
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE UK
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Kolk
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for the Study of Cultural Evolution, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Futures Studies, Holländargatan 13, 101 31 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chiu CT. Living arrangements and disability-free life expectancy in the United States. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211894. [PMID: 30735515 PMCID: PMC6368297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
No studies have investigated the association between living arrangements and disability-free life expectancy in the United States, nor worldwide. This study aims to examine the differences in total and disability-free life expectancy among older Americans according to living arrangements. Data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998 to 2014) for non-Hispanic whites aged 50 and over (N = 21,612). Disability-free life expectancy by gender, living arrangement, and education are obtained from incidence-based multistate life tables. Overall, those who live only with their spouses/partners live 1-19 years longer with 3-25 more years without disability and 1-7 fewer years with disability than do those with other living arrangements. Among those with the same living arrangement, the higher educated live up to 6 years longer with up to 8 more years in a disability-free state and up to 2 fewer years in a disabled state. The study shows strong association between living arrangement and disability-free life expectancy by gender and education. Long-term care policy should take into account the length of life with/without disability by living arrangements and socioeconomic status and make use of the potential family resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tsun Chiu
- Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
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15
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Multigenerational socioeconomic attainments and mortality among older men: An adjacent generations approach. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2018.39.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wolfe JD, Bauldry S, Hardy MA, Pavalko EK. Multigenerational Attainments, Race, and Mortality Risk among Silent Generation Women. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 59:335-351. [PMID: 29949716 DOI: 10.1177/0022146518784596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study extends health disparities research by examining racial differences in the relationships between multigenerational attainments and mortality risk among "Silent Generation" women. An emerging literature suggests that the socioeconomic attainments of adjacent generations, one's parents and adult children, provide an array of life-extending resources in old age. Prior research, however, has demonstrated neither how multigenerational resources are implicated in women's longevity nor how racial disparities faced by Silent Generation women may differentially structure the relationships between socioeconomic attainments and mortality. With data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women, the analysis provided evidence of a three-generation model in which parent occupation, family wealth, and adult child education were independently associated with women's mortality. Although we found evidence of racial differences in the associations between parental, personal, and spousal education and mortality risk, the education of adult children was a robust predictor of survival for black and white women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Wolfe
- 1 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Elo IT, Martikainen P, Aaltonen M. Children's educational attainment, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality. POPULATION STUDIES 2018; 72:53-73. [PMID: 28994347 PMCID: PMC6034683 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1367413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using data from Finland, this paper contributes to a small but growing body of research regarding adult children's education, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality at ages 50+ in 1970-2007. Higher levels of children's education are associated with 30-36 per cent lower parental mortality at ages 50-75, controlling for parents' education, occupation, and income. This association is fully mediated by children's occupation and income, except for cancer mortality. Having at least one child educated in healthcare is associated with 11-16 per cent lower all-cause mortality at ages 50-75, an association that is largely driven by mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Children's higher white-collar occupation and higher income is associated with 39-46 per cent lower mortality in the fully adjusted models. At ages 75+, these associations are much smaller overall and children's schooling remains more strongly associated with mortality than children's occupation or income.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- University of Helsinki
- Stockholms University and Karolinska Institute
- The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
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