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Chung SJ, Lee JH, Soh Y. Compensatory strategies of dysphagia after anterior cervical spinal surgery: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39016. [PMID: 39029030 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common postoperative complication. However, information regarding rehabilitation strategies for postoperative dysphagia is limited. Herein, we report a compensatory strategy for treating dysphagia after ACDF. PATIENT CONCERNS A 65-year-old Asian male presented with left arm pain and weakness for more than 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed degenerative disc lesions and spinal stenosis at the C3 to C7 levels. The patient underwent ACDF at the C3 to C5 levels and artificial disc replacement at the C5 to C7 levels by right side approach. After surgery, the patient complained of difficulty swallowing. A video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) detected swallowing dysfunction in the pharyngeal phase, revealing an asymmetric pharyngeal residue in the anterior-posterior view. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed with dysphagia after ACDF. INTERVENTIONS Based on the VFSS findings, the patient underwent swallowing rehabilitation therapy and compensatory techniques, such as head rotation to the weak right side and head tilting to the robust left side. OUTCOMES After 2 months of rehabilitation with compensatory techniques, food moved smoothly towards the robust side, and the subjective symptoms of dysphagia improved. LESSONS Consequently, swallowing function post-ACDF surgery must be assessed; if unilateral dysphagia is detected, compensatory techniques may prove beneficial. This case study showed that, based on the objective findings of the VFSS, an effective swallowing compensation strategy can be established and applied to patients with postoperative dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Soh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Horyacheva A, Boyce K, Badesha M, Kerr C, Najeeb H, Namasivayam-MacDonald A. Identifying Non-Traditional Approaches to Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review. Dysphagia 2024; 39:321-347. [PMID: 37853297 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, dysphagia care has shifted toward a more patient-centered approach. This means that dysphagia clinicians are considering more factors in the treatment process including the goals of care, quality of life, and cultural values. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine relevant research and identify dysphagia interventions outside of those traditionally used by dysphagia clinicians that may improve swallowing function. A review of relevant studies was conducted using search terms related to swallowing and treatment. The search yielded 8439 unique studies. Of the 283 articles that underwent a full-text review, 37 articles were included in the final review. These articles highlighted three potential areas of non-traditional dysphagia intervention that may serve to provide holistic care, while also aiming to improve swallowing mechanisms: acupuncture and Eastern medicine interventions, vocal exercises, and physical function exercises. The results suggest that dysphagia clinicians should work collaboratively with other allied health professionals and consider non-traditional approaches to dysphagia care. Through the identification of potentially effective but non-traditional or non-Eurocentric interventions for dysphagia care, clinicians may promote a culturally relevant, patient-centered approach, in turn increasing patient acceptance of treatment plans and compliance. Future research should explore the efficacy and feasibility of these interventions in dysphagia rehabilitation, as well as their effectiveness compared to more traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Horyacheva
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Keara Boyce
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maneetpal Badesha
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Hiba Najeeb
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- St. Mary's General Hospital, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Ashwini Namasivayam-MacDonald
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Suárez JC, Illatopa S, Echeverri JL, Zapata S, Bareño J, Sánchez JL. Apraisal of the diagnostic value of the gag reflex in patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2024; 44:155-167. [PMID: 39088532 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The gag reflex is a protection mechanism that prevents food and unwanted agents from entering the lower airways. It is usually part of the physical examination of swallowing to detect oropharyngeal dysphagia, but it is a potentially ambiguous sign. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the gag reflex in patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia and adults without it. Materials and methods We conducted an analytical observational study in patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (cases) and patients without dysphagia (controls). We evaluated the absence or presence of the reflex bilaterally, by direct visualization, and adjusted it according to sex, age, and other interaction variables. Results We included 86 patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia and 80 control subjects. The gag reflex on swallowing physical examination showed a positive relationship with the patients (right side: OR = 3.97; 95 % CI: 2.01-7.84; left side: OR = 4.84; 95 % CI: 2.41-9.72), but a negative association with the control group. In both groups, neither sex, nor age, nor other interaction variables modified the gag reflex. Conclusions The gag reflex absence or presence does not confirm or exclude the existence of oropharyngeal dysphagia due to neurological and neuromuscular causes. Therefore, health professionals must not rely on this reflex. Clinicians must go beyond a simple reflex revision, even in neurological patients where it is supposed to be absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Suárez
- Línea de Investigación en Discapacidad y Rehabilitación, Grupo de Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Psicología y Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sofia Illatopa
- Línea de Investigación en Discapacidad y Rehabilitación, Grupo de Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José Luis Echeverri
- Línea de Investigación en Discapacidad y Rehabilitación, Grupo de Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Santiago Zapata
- Línea de Investigación en Discapacidad y Rehabilitación, Grupo de Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José Bareño
- Grupo de Investigación de Tecnología en Salud, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Chen Q, Kan M, Jiang X, Liu H, Zhang D, Yuan L, Xu Q, Bi H. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modalities for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080289. [PMID: 38589257 PMCID: PMC11015324 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to 78% of patients who had a stroke develop post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a significant consequence. Life-threatening aspiration pneumonia, starvation, and water and electrolyte abnormalities can result. Several meta-analyses have shown that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves swallowing in patients who had a stroke; however, the optimum model is unknown. This study will be the first Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the best rTMS modalities for swallowing of patients who had a stroke. METHODS AND ANALYSIS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Database and WanFang Data will be searched from their creation to 2 September 2023. All randomised controlled trials associated with rTMS for PSD will be included. Only Chinese or English results will be studied. Two researchers will independently review the literature and extract data, then use the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2.0 tool to assess the included studies' methodological quality. The primary outcome is swallowing function improvement, whereas secondary outcomes include side effects (eg, paraesthesia, vertigo, seizures) and quality of life. A pairwise meta-analysis and NMA based on a Bayesian framework will be conducted using Stata and R statistical software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system will assess outcome indicator evidence quality. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As all data in this study will be taken from the literature, ethical approval is not needed. We will publish our work in peer-reviewed publications and present it at academic conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023456386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengfan Kan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huifen Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Deqi Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiling Xu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Davies V, Taylor M. Nutritional and hydration interventions for people with dysphagia. Nurs Stand 2024; 39:77-81. [PMID: 38544435 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2024.e12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) is particularly common in older people and is associated with various health conditions. Dysphagia affects an individual's ability to eat and drink, and can have a significant effect on their clinical outcomes and quality of life. This article explores ways in which nurses can support people with dysphagia to minimise the effects of the condition and enhance their quality of life. The authors examine the role of commonly used strategies such as dietary texture modification and thickened fluids that aim to optimise nutrition and hydration. However, some of the management options for dysphagia do not have a strong evidence base, so nurses should consider whether any dietary restrictions are proportionate and ensure that their benefits outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Davies
- Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Wrexham University, Wrexham, Wales
| | - Melanie Taylor
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England
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Chotirungsan T, Tsutsui Y, Saka N, Kawada S, Dewa N, Magara J, Tsujimura T, Inoue M. Short-term and long-term effects of unilateral external carotid artery ligation on orofacial functions in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G318-G329. [PMID: 38226423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00226.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The external carotid artery (ECA) plays a major role in supplying blood to the head and neck. Although impeded blood flow in the ECA is expected to affect orofacial functions, few studies have shown how blood flow obstruction in the ECA contributes to impairment of these functions, including chewing and swallowing. This study was performed to investigate the effects of ECA ligation (ECAL) on immediate and long-term changes in masticatory and swallowing functions as well as the jaw-opening reflex evoked in the digastric muscle. The experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acute experiment, the digastric reflex evoked by low-threshold electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve and the swallow reflex, identified by digastric and thyrohyoid electromyographic (EMG) bursts, were compared between before and 1 h after ECAL. The chronic experiment was conducted on freely moving rats. EMGs of the masseter, digastric, and thyrohyoid muscles were chronically recorded. The long-term effects of ECAL on behavior and muscle histology were compared between rats with an intact ECA and rats with ECAL. In the acute experiment, the peak amplitude of the digastric reflex on the ECAL side was significantly decreased 1 h after ECAL. In the chronic experiment, although most parameters of the masticatory and swallowing EMGs were not significantly different between the groups, the results suggest wide variation of the effect of ECAL on the muscles. Blood supply compensation from collaterals of the internal carotid artery may be permanent in some animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The inhibitory effect of unilateral external carotid artery ligation (ECAL) on the ipsilateral digastric reflex was small but evident. Most parameters of masticatory and swallowing muscle activity were not significantly different after ECAL. Wide variation was noted in the effect of ECAL on the ipsilateral muscle activity. Blood supply compensation from collaterals of the internal carotid artery may occur in response to the impaired blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titi Chotirungsan
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Yuhei Tsutsui
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Saka
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satomi Kawada
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nozomi Dewa
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jin Magara
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takanori Tsujimura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Yoon J, Baek S, Jang Y, Lee CH, Lee ES, Byun H, Oh MK. Malnutrition and Associated Factors in Acute and Subacute Stroke Patients with Dysphagia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3739. [PMID: 37686771 PMCID: PMC10489833 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with stroke suffer from complications and these include dysphagia. Dysphagia can cause malnutrition, and malnutrition affects prognosis and recovery. However, there is a lack of accurate studies on the nutritional status of stroke patients with dysphagia and its associated factors in different phases of stroke. This study retrospectively investigated 620 stroke patients who underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) due to dysphagia, from March 2018 to February 2021. The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional state and associated factors of malnutrition in acute and subacute stroke patients with dysphagia. Serum albumin and percentage of current weight to ideal weight were used to determine nutritional status. Malnutrition was observed in 58.9 and 78.9% of acute and subacute stroke patients. Exact logistic regression analysis revealed that old age and high penetration-aspiration scale score were significantly associated factors for malnutrition in patients with acute stroke. Old age, stroke history, bilateral hemiplegia, high modified Rankin score, low Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, pneumonia, and high functional dysphagia score were significantly associated factors for malnutrition in patients with subacute stroke. Patients with these associated factors in each phase of stroke require active nutritional assessment and care to decrease the risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Soyeong Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Yunjeong Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Chang Han Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Eun Shin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hayoung Byun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyun Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
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Lal PB, Wishart LR, Ward EC, Schwarz M, Seabrook M, Coccetti A. Understanding barriers and facilitators to speech-language pathology service delivery in the emergency department. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 25:509-522. [PMID: 35579003 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2022.2071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Timely speech-language pathology (SLP) involvement with dysphagic patients in the Emergency Department (ED) may improve patient outcomes. This study utilised qualitative interviews to understand current models and explore factors which have influenced establishment and current dysphagia service provision in Australian EDs. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from 12 acute hospital facilities with a SLP ED service. Interview transcripts were analysed using plain content analysis to identify key themes. Sub-analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model was undertaken for facilities with more "expanded" models (n = 4). RESULT SLP ED service models ranged from referral-only services, to models with referral-only and proactive SLP-led screening procedures (classified as "expanded"). Patient-related factors, the ED setting, SLP service factors and perceptions of dysphagia management were key themes reported to impact service delivery. With expanded models, 14 CFIR constructs (innovation source, external policy and incentives, networks and communications, stakeholders and relative priority) were identified as facilitators, while four constructs (adaptability, cost, compatibility, available resources) were barriers to services. CONCLUSION There are service-specific issues with providing SLP care within the ED. Factors related to the unique ED environment must be considered by SLP departments when establishing/optimising dysphagia management within the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranika B Lal
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Queensland, Australia, and
| | - Laurelie R Wishart
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Ward
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Bayside Health Service, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marnie Seabrook
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Queensland, Australia, and
| | - Anne Coccetti
- Bayside Health Service, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Queensland, Australia
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Aref H, El Nahas N, Alrukn SA, Khan M, Kesraoui S, Alnidawi F, Hokmabadi ES, Farhoudi M, Fairooz M, Batayha W, Salmeen A, Abdulrahman H, Belahsen MF, Al Hashmi AM, Akhtar N, Al-Johani M, Seidi OA, Jouhar A, Mhiri C, Elbassiouny A, Shokri H, Roushdy T. Stroke services in MENA: What is there and what is needed. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288030. [PMID: 37471350 PMCID: PMC10358887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke represents a health care challenge to most parts of the world including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The MENA represents 6% of the world population with an age-standardized stroke rate of 87.7 (78.2-97.6) per 100,000 population. This number is subject to increase given that the cause of morbidity has recently shifted from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases. Thus, in the coming years, treatment of stroke will pose a major burden on MENA countries which mostly lie in the low to middle income economies. Accordingly, we need to study the state of MENA stroke services in order to recognize and further inform policy makers about any gaps that need to be bridged in this domain. METHODS AND RESULTS Stroke specialists representing 16 countries filled an online survey that included: screening for risk factors, acute management, diagnostics, medications, post-discharge services, and stroke registries. Results showed that 11 countries screen for risk factors, 16 have neuroimaging studies, 15 provide intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), 13 mechanical thrombectomy (MT) while medications for secondary prevention are available in all countries. However, stroke units are not equally available and even absent in 4 countries, and despite the availability of IVT yet, the rate of administration is still low in 6 countries (<5%), and ranges from 5-20% in 7 countries. Stroke registries and training still need to be implemented in most countries. CONCLUSION Although imaging, revascularization therapies and medications for secondary prevention are available in most MENA countries, yet the rate of revascularization is low, so is the number of stroke units insufficient in some countries. Additionally, registries and structured training are still defective. Further field studies are required for more accurate determination of the status of stroke services in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Aref
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevine El Nahas
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maria Khan
- Neurology Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Selma Kesraoui
- Neurology Department, Blida Hospital University, Blida, Algeria
| | - Firas Alnidawi
- Neurology Department, Salmaniyah Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muataz Fairooz
- Neurology Department, Sa’ad Al-Witry Neurosciences Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Waleed Batayha
- Neurology Department, Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Athari Salmeen
- Neurology Department, Jaber AlAhmad Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohammed Faouzi Belahsen
- Neurology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amal M. Al Hashmi
- Central Stroke Unit, Neuroscience Directorate, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Johani
- Neurology Department, King Salman ibn Abdulaziz Medical City, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osheik Abu’Asha Seidi
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Anas Jouhar
- Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Damascus Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Elbassiouny
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Shokri
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Roushdy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Siao SF, Ku SC, Tseng WH, Wei YC, Chang YC, Hsiao TY, Wang TG, Chen CCH. Effects of a swallowing and oral-care program on resuming oral feeding and reducing pneumonia in patients following endotracheal extubation: a randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Crit Care 2023; 27:283. [PMID: 37438759 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resumption of oral feeding and free from pneumonia are important therapeutic goals for critically ill patients who have been successfully extubated after prolonged (≥ 48 h) endotracheal intubation. We aimed to examine whether a swallowing and oral-care (SOC) program provided to critically ill patients extubated from prolonged mechanical ventilation improves their oral-feeding resumption and reduces 30-day pneumonia incidence. METHODS In this randomized, open-label, controlled trial, participants were consecutively enrolled and randomized to receive the SOC program or usual care. The interventions comprised three protocols: oral-motor exercise, sensory stimulation and lubrication, and safe-swallowing education. Beginning on the day following patient extubation, an SOC nurse provided the three-protocol care for seven consecutive days or until death or hospital discharge. With independent outcome assessors, oral-feeding resumption (yes, no) corresponded to level 6 or level 7 on the Functional Oral Intake Scale (censored seven days postextubation) along with radiographically documented pneumonia (yes, no; censored 30 days postextubation), abstracted from participants' electronic medical records were coded. RESULTS We analyzed 145 randomized participants (SOC group = 72, control group = 73). The SOC group received, on average, 6.2 days of intervention (14.8 min daily) with no reported adverse events. By day 7, 37/72 (51.4%) of the SOC participants had resumed oral feeding vs. 24/73 (32.9%) of the control participants. Pneumonia occurred in 11/72 (15.3%) of the SOC participants and in 26/73 (35.6%) of the control participants. Independent of age and intubation longer than 6 days, SOC participants were likelier than their control counterparts to resume oral feeding (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.35; 95% CI 1.38-4.01) and had lower odds of developing pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI 0.12-0.65). CONCLUSIONS The SOC program effectively improved patients' odds that oral feeding would resume and the 30-day pneumonia incidence would decline. The program might advance dysphagia care provided to critically ill patients extubated from prolonged mechanical ventilation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03284892, registered on September 15, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Siao
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Wei
- Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chang
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Guey Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl Chia-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Wang B, Sun H, Pan X, Ma W, Dong L, Wang Q, Meng P. The effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the unilateral cerebellar hemisphere on swallowing-related brain regions in healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1100320. [PMID: 37063103 PMCID: PMC10097892 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of swallowing-related brain regions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in healthy subjects who underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on dominant or non-dominant cerebellar hemispheres.MethodsThirty-nine healthy subjects were randomized into three groups that completed different iTBS protocols (dominant cerebellum group, non-dominant cerebellum group and sham group). Before iTBS, the resting motor threshold (rMT) was measured by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) on the cerebellar representation of the suprahyoid muscles, and the dominant cerebellar hemisphere for swallowing was determined. Forty-eight hours after elution, iTBS protocols were completed: in the dominant cerebellum group, iTBS was administered to the dominant cerebellar hemisphere, and the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere was given sham stimulation; in the non-dominant cerebellum group, iTBS was administered to the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere, and sham stimulation was delivered to the dominant cerebellar hemisphere; in the sham group, sham stimulation was applied to the cerebellum bilaterally. Rs-fMRI was performed before and after iTBS stimulation to observe changes in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the whole brain.ResultsCompared with baseline, the dominant cerebellum group showed increased fALFF in the ipsilateral cerebellum, and decreased fALFF in the ipsilateral middle temporal gyrus and contralateral precuneus after iTBS; the iTBS of the non-dominant cerebellum group induced increased fALFF in the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus, the calcarine fissure and the surrounding cortex, and the contralateral inferior parietal lobule; and in the sham group, there was no significant difference in fALFF. Exploring the effects induced by iTBS among groups, the dominant cerebellum group showed decreased fALFF in the contralateral calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex compared with the sham group.ConclusionIntermittent theta burst stimulation of the dominant cerebellar hemisphere for swallowing excited the ipsilateral cerebellum, and stimulation of the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere increased the spontaneous neural activity of multiple cerebrocortical areas related to swallowing. In conclusion, regardless of which side of the cerebellum is stimulated, iTBS can facilitate part of the brain neural network related to swallowing. Our findings provide supporting evidence that cerebellar iTBS can be used as a potential method to modulate human swallowing movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshuai Ma
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linghui Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
| | - Pingping Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Pingping Meng,
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12
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Rivelsrud MC, Hartelius L, Speyer R, Løvstad M. Qualifications, professional roles and service practices of nurses, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists in the management of adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia: a Nordic survey. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36786502 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2023.2173288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the qualifications, professional roles and service practices of nurses, occupational therapists (OTs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the management of adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in the Nordic countries. METHODS A web-based survey was developed that consisted of 50 questions on respondent demographics, education, experience, roles and service practices provided for adults with OD. The survey was distributed to practicing nurses, OTs, and SLPs in five Nordic countries via professional associations, social media, online networks and snowballing. RESULTS Data from 396 nurses, OTs and SLPs whom provided services for adults with OD revealed that the majority of respondents worked in acute care and inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Most respondents had minimal undergraduate education and practical clinical training in OD. Notable variances in roles and service practices in OD between professions and countries were found. OTs were the primary service provider for OD management in Denmark, while SLPs had this role in the other Nordic countries. Nurses were mainly involved in screening and some compensatory treatments in most Nordic countries. Limited use of evidence-based screening, non-instrumental or instrumental clinical assessments and rehabilitative therapeutic methods was evident. CONCLUSIONS Study results highlight challenges in education and training of professionals responsible for the management of adults with OD in the Nordic countries. Increased use of evidence-based assessment and exercise-based treatments to improve swallowing are warranted. Adherence to European and international clinical practice guidelines for the management of adults with OD is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribeth Caya Rivelsrud
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hartelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
- Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Renée Speyer
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Stockbridge MD, Bahouth MN, Zink EK, Hillis AE. Socialize, Eat More, and Feel Better: Communal Eating in Acute Neurological Care. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:S38-S42. [PMID: 36634329 PMCID: PMC10962871 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke commonly leads to feelings of isolation and loneliness, especially during the hospital period. The aim of the Communal Eating program was to support patient well-being through introducing opportunities for patients to eat lunch together. DESIGN Patients admitted to the Brain Rescue Unit who were identified as appropriate by their attending physicians, nurses, or other clinicians were recruited to attend communal lunch. Their mood, quality of life, loneliness, communication, swallowing safety, and eating behavior were examined. RESULTS Those who attended two or more sessions tended to have been lonelier and more psychosocially impaired at baseline. Patients who had one or fewer lunch showed no significant differences from baseline to posthospitalization on any measure. However, for those who ate two or more lunches, changes in loneliness and quality of life trended toward improvement. There was scant evidence of changes to communication or eating habits. CONCLUSION Implementing a communal eating program in the acute hospital setting was very feasible and widely supported by patients, families, and staff. The results thus far show modest trends toward fulfilling the goal of supporting emotional well-being, while potentially supporting increased intake and, importantly, do not evidence any measurable harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Stockbridge
- From the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Zhong L, Wen X, Liu Z, Li F, Ma X, Liu H, Chen H. Effects of bilateral cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in poststroke dysphagia: A randomized sham-controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation 2023; 52:227-234. [PMID: 36641691 DOI: 10.3233/nre-220268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increasing evidence indicates that cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be beneficial in the treatment of dysphagia, its clinical efficacy is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of high-frequency cerebellar rTMS on poststroke dysphagia. METHODS This was a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial. A total of eighty-four study participants were randomly assigned into the cerebellum and control groups. The cerebellum group received bilateral 10 Hz rTMS treatment of the pharyngeal motor area of the cerebellum. The control group was administered with sham rTMS of the pharyngeal motor area of the cerebellum. All patients underwent the same conventional swallowing rehabilitation training after the intervention 5 days a week for a total of 10 days. Assessment of swallowing function was done before treatment (baseline), after treatment (2 weeks), and during follow-up (2 weeks after treatment) using the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS) and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). RESULTS The interaction between time and intervention had a significant effect on PAS (P < 0.001) and FEDSS (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the cerebellum group exhibited significantly improved clinical swallowing function scores (PAS: P = 0.007, FEDSS: P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Bilateral cerebellar rTMS is a potential new neurorehabilitation technique for post-stroke dysphagia. Studies should aim at investigating the therapeutic mechanism of cerebellar rTMS and improve this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhong
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Rehabilitation College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zicai Liu
- Rehabilitation College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiancong Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Wen X, Yang Q, Liu Z, Peng Y, Wang J, Liu X, Hu H, Liu H, Wang M. The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Synchronization with Effortful Swallowing on Post-stroke Dysphagia. Dysphagia 2022; 38:912-922. [PMID: 36087120 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Either effortful swallowing exercise or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered as an effective method to treat dysphagia after stroke. Thus, synchronizing these two interventions may improve the efficiency of treatment. This trial intended to explore the effects of rTMS and effortful swallowing exercise on the recovery of swallowing function in patients after stroke. A total of 56 patients with post-stroke dysphagia who were able to actively cooperate with the training were analyzed in this study. We experimented with different intervention effects of rTMS synchronization with effortful swallowing training (group 1), rTMS (group 2), and traditional swallowing training alone (group 3). Every patient completed conventional swallowing training 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Patients in group 1 and group 2 underwent 10 consecutive sessions of 5 Hz rTMS over the affected mylohyoid cortical region. Fiberoptic endoscopic dysphagia severity scale (FEDSS), penetration/aspiration scale (PAS), standardized swallowing assessment (SSA), and functional oral intake scale (FOIS) were assessed and compared across the groups. No significant difference in FEDSS, PAS, SSA, or FOIS scores was found at baseline among the three groups. The mean change values of the FEDSS score, PAS score, SSA score, and FOIS score between baseline and post-intervention of the three groups (H = 16.05, P < 0.001; H = 21.70, P < 0.001; F (2, 53) = 9.68, P < 0.001; H = 18.26, P < 0.001; respectively) were statistically significant. In addition, the mean change values of FEDSS, PAS, SSA, and FOIS scores in participants in group 1 (all P < 0.001) and group 2 (P = 0.046; P = 0.045; P = 0.028; P = 0.032; respectively) were significantly higher than in group 3. Similarly, the mean change values of FEDSS, PAS, SSA, and FOIS scores were significantly higher in participants in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.046; P = 0.038; P = 0.042; P = 0.044; respectively). The results revealed that the conjunction of rTMS and effortful swallowing training was an effective method to facilitate the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients. The present clinical trial provided a new treatment method for the functional restoration of swallowing in stroke patients, which may further facilitate the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients with swallowing disorders.
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Namasivayam-MacDonald A, Rapley M, Stewart J, Webster E, Quon C, Rogus-Pulia N. Impact of Dysphagia Rehabilitation in Adults on Swallowing Physiology Measured With Videofluoroscopy: A Mapping Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:2195-2228. [PMID: 35868298 PMCID: PMC9907451 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-21-00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The research aims of this review were to (a) map swallowing rehabilitation approaches to specific swallowing impairments using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) to develop evidence maps, (b) match desired rehabilitation treatment targets to treatment approaches, and (c) identify gaps in the literature and highlight which rehabilitation approaches require further investigation to support accurate mapping of interventions to physiologic change. METHOD A mapping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review extension framework. The databases searched were CINAHL, Ovid Medline, and Ovid Embase. Data extracted included swallowing rehabilitation approach details via the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System framework, study characteristics, and resulting change in swallowing physiology. The resulting change in swallowing physiology was mapped onto MBSImP components, where applicable, and effect sizes were reported where data were available. Extracted data were summarized in the form of evidence maps. RESULTS Forty-three unique articles met the inclusion criteria for this review and were divided into single-approach and multi-approach exercise studies. Within single-approach studies, 13 different exercise approaches were investigated, and 117 outcome measures could be mapped to MBSImP components. Within multi-approach studies, 13 different combinations of exercise approaches were investigated and 60 outcome measures could be mapped to MBSImP components. CONCLUSIONS This review supports speech-language pathologists in incorporating current best evidence into their practice, as it found there is potential for improvement in many MBSImP components by using rehabilitative exercises. In the future, more intervention studies are needed to ensure that recommended rehabilitation approaches are beneficial for improving the targeted swallowing physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Rapley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josephine Stewart
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eryn Webster
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Quon
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
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17
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Liu H, Peng Y, Liu Z, Wen X, Li F, Zhong L, Rao J, Li L, Wang M, Wang P. Hemodynamic signal changes and swallowing improvement of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on stroke patients with dysphagia: A randomized controlled study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:918974. [PMID: 36034299 PMCID: PMC9403609 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.918974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveOur study aims to measure the cortical correlates of swallowing execution in patients with dysphagia after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and observe the change of pattern of brain activation in stroke patients with dysphagia after rTMS intervention. In addition, we tried to analyze the effect of rTMS on brain activation in dysphagia patients with different lesion sides. This study also concentrated on the effect of stimulating the affected mylohyoid cortical region by 5 Hz rTMS, providing clinical evidence for rTMS therapy of dysphagia in stroke patients.MethodsThis study was a sham-controlled, single-blind, randomized controlled study with a blinded observer. A total of 49 patients completed the study, which was randomized to the rTMS group (n = 23) and sham rTMS group (n = 26) by the random number table method. The rTMS group received 5 Hz rTMS stimulation to the affected mylohyoid cortical region of the brain and the sham rTMS group underwent rTMS using the same parameters as the rTMS group, except for the position of the coil. Each patient received 2 weeks of stimulation followed by conventional swallowing therapy. Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS), Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), and functional oral intake status were assessed at two times: baseline (before treatment) and 2 weeks (after intervention). Meanwhile, we use the fNIRS system to measure the cerebral hemodynamic changes during the experimental procedure.ResultsThe rTMS group exhibited significant improvement in the SSA scale, FEDSS scale, and PAS scale after rTMS therapy (all P < 0.001). The sham rTMS group had the same analysis on the same scales (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference observed in clinical assessments at 2 weeks after baseline between the rTMS group and sham rTMS group (all P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the rate of change in the FEDSS score (P = 0.018) and PAS score (P = 0.004), except for the SSA score (P = 0.067). As for the removal rate of the feeding tube, there was no significant difference between the rTMS group and sham rTMS group (P = 0.355), but there was a significant difference compared with the baseline characteristics in both groups (PrTMS < 0.001, PshamrTMS = 0.002). In fNIRS analysis, the block average result showed differences in brain areas RPFC (right prefrontal cortex) and RMC (right motor cortex) significantly between the rTMS group and sham rTMS group after intervention (Pchannel30 = 0.046, Pchannel16 = 0.006). In the subgroup analysis, rTMS group was divided into left-rTMS group and right-rTMS group and sham rTMS group was divided into sham left-rTMS group and sham right-rTMS group. The fNIRS results showed no significance in block average and block differential after intervention between the left-rTMS group and sham left-rTMS group, but differences were statistically significant between the right-rTMS group and sham right-rTMS group in block average: channel 30 (T = −2.34, P = 0.028) in LPFC (left prefrontal cortex) and 16 (T = 2.54, P = 0.018) in RMC. After intervention, there was no significance in left-rTMS group compared with baseline, but in right-rTMS group, channel 27 (T = 2.18, P = 0.039) in LPFC and 47 (T = 2.17, P = 0.039) in RPFC had significance in block differential. In the sham rTMS group, neither sham left-rTMS group and sham right-rTMS group had significant differences in block average and block differential in each brain area after intervention (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe present study confirmed that a 5-Hz rTMS is feasible at the affected mylohyoid cortical region in post-stroke patients with dysphagia and rTMS therapy can alter cortical excitability. Based on previous studies, there is a dominant hemisphere in swallowing and the results of our fNIRS analysis seemed to show a better increase in cortical activation on the right side than on the left after rTMS of the affected mylohyoid cortical region. However, there was no difference between the left and right hemispheres in the subgroup analysis. Nevertheless, the present study provides a novel and feasible method of applying fNIRS to assessment in stroke patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zicai Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lida Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jinzhu Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Li Li
- Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li
| | - Minghong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
- Minghong Wang
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Pu Wang
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Li H, Li L, Zhang R, Huang X, Lin J, Liu C, Lou W. Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on poststroke dysphagia: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Int J Rehabil Res 2022; 45:109-117. [PMID: 35089877 DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysphagia is a common functional impairment after stroke, resulting in aspiration of liquids, ingested foods, or oral secretions and influencing the quality of life. Noninvasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been widely used for rehabilitation of dysphagia. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on poststroke swallowing impairment. Four databases were systematically searched for eligible studies from their inception to 31 September 2021. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for this meta-analysis. The bias of included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Nine randomized controlled trials involving 393 patients were included according to the selection criteria. The results revealed significant benefit of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment of dysphagia following the onset of stroke, when compared with intervention without repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on different stimulation sites effectively improved the dysphagia of poststroke patients, and no significant difference was observed among the different stimulation sites subgroups. Our findings support repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an effectively treatment of the poststroke dysphagia, especially in unilateral hemispheric stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang, China
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de Sire A, Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Agostini F, de Sire R, Ferrara PE, Raguso G, Riso S, Roccuzzo A, Ronconi G, Invernizzi M, Migliario M. Sarcopenic Dysphagia, Malnutrition, and Oral Frailty in Elderly: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050982. [PMID: 35267957 PMCID: PMC8912303 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly that has been increasingly considered as a crucial public health issue, due to the strict correlation with a higher risk of fragility fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. Among the age-related diseases, sarcopenia and dysphagia are two common pathological conditions in frail older people and could coexist leading to dehydration and malnutrition in these subjects. “Sarcopenic dysphagia” is a complex condition characterized by deglutition impairment due to the loss of mass and strength of swallowing muscles and might be also related to poor oral health status. Moreover, the aging process is strictly related to poor oral health status due to direct impairment of the immune system and wound healing and physical and cognitive impairment might indirectly influence older people’s ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene. Therefore, poor oral health might affect nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty. In this scenario, sarcopenia, dysphagia, and oral health are closely linked sharing common pathophysiological pathways, disabling sequelae, and frailty. Thus, the aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the correlation among sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and oral frailty, characterizing their phenotypically overlapping features, to propose a comprehensive and effective management of elderly frail subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Martina Ferrillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto de Sire
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paola Emilia Ferrara
- University Polyclinic Foundation Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.E.F.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Raguso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Sergio Riso
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Andrea Roccuzzo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gianpaolo Ronconi
- University Polyclinic Foundation Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.E.F.); (G.R.)
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mario Migliario
- Dental Clinic, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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Roushdy T, Aref H, Kesraoui S, Temgoua M, Nono KP, Gebrewold MA, Peter W, Gopaul U, Belahsen MF, Ben-Adji D, Melifonwu R, Pugazhendhi S, Woodcock N, Mohamed MH, Rossouw A, Matuja S, Ruanda MK, Mhiri C, Saylor D, Nahas NE, Shokri H. Stroke services in Africa: What is there and what is needed. Int J Stroke 2022; 17:972-982. [PMID: 35034522 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211066416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, the incidence and prevalence of stroke has been rising in most African countries and has been reported as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. To study this problem, we need to realize the quality and availability of stroke care services as a priori to improve them. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the availability of different stroke-related services in 17 countries from different African regions. An online survey was conducted and fulfilled by stroke specialists and included primary prevention, acute management, diagnostic tools, medications, postdischarge services, and stroke registries. The results showed that although medications for secondary prevention are available, yet many other services are lacking in various countries. CONCLUSION This study displays the deficient aspects of stroke services in African countries as a preliminary step toward active corrective procedures for the improvement of stroke-related health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Roushdy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Aref
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Selma Kesraoui
- Department of Neurology, Blida Hospital University, Blida, Algeria
| | - Michael Temgoua
- Institute of Applied Neurosciences and Functional Rehabilitation, Bethesda Hospital, Yaoundè, Cameroon
| | - Kiatoko Ponte Nono
- Initiative Plus Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Waweru Peter
- Kenyatta University Teaching, Referral & Research Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Urvashy Gopaul
- University of Mauritius, Moka, Mauritius.,KITE-University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Faouzi Belahsen
- Neurology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Rita Melifonwu
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Stroke Action Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Matuja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bugando Medical Centre/Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mark Koba Ruanda
- Emergency Medicine Department, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Deanna Saylor
- Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nevine El Nahas
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Shokri
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang D, Li Y, Li H, Fu W, Zeng J, Zeng X. Analysis of Factors That Influence the Prognosis of Swallowing Function Rehabilitation Therapy in Patients with Dysphagia After Medullary Infarction. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:97-107. [PMID: 35079218 PMCID: PMC8776725 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s341353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the factors that influence the prognosis of swallowing function rehabilitation therapy in patients with dysphagia after medullary infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted using the clinical data of 51 patients who were diagnosed with dysphagia after medullary infarction and hospitalized at our institution between January 2019 and January 2021. As per the water swallow test (WST) grade at 1 month after rehabilitation treatment, patients were classified into the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group. Univariate analysis as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors that influence the prognosis of swallowing function rehabilitation therapy in patients with dysphagia after medullary infarction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then used to test the predictive ability of the significant parameters to predict the prognosis of the rehabilitation therapy in these patients. RESULTS Univariate analysis and univariate logistic regression analysis showed that previous stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.361), dysarthria (OR = 3.771), disease course (OR = 1.112), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission (OR = 2.596), and infarct site (OR = 11.071) were all significantly correlated with the prognosis of swallowing function rehabilitation therapy in patients with dysphagia after medullary infarction (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dysarthria (OR = 5.519, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.413-21.566), infarct site (OR = 18.634, 95% CI 1.696-204.73), and the NIHSS score (OR = 1.001, 95% CI 1.536-4.820) were independent influencing factors of the prognosis of swallowing function rehabilitation therapy in these patients. The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for the combined prediction of the three indicators was 0.943. CONCLUSION The NIHSS score, dysarthria, and infarct site are independent influencing factors for the prognosis of swallowing function rehabilitation therapy in patients with dysphagia after medullary infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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22
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Eskildsen SJ, Poulsen I, Jakobsen D, Riberholt CG, Curtis DJ. Scoping review to identify and map non-pharmacological, non-surgical treatments for dysphagia following moderate-to-severe acquired brain injury. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053244. [PMID: 34857571 PMCID: PMC8640633 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysphagia is a common and critical consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI) and can cause severe complications. Dysphagia rehabilitation is transforming from mainly compensatory strategies to the retraining of swallowing function using principles from neuroscience. However, there are no studies that map interventions available to retrain swallowing function in patients with moderate-to-severe ABI. OBJECTIVE To systematically map the accessible research literature to answer the research question: Which non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions are used in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe ABI in the acute and subacute phase? DESIGN: Scoping review based on the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley and methodological advancement by Levac et al. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, OTseeker, speechBITE and PEDro were searched up until 14 March 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All studies reporting rehabilitative interventions within 6 months of injury for patients with moderate-to-severe ABI and dysphagia were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data was extracted by two independent reviewers and studies were categorised based on treatment modality. RESULTS A total of 21 396 records were retrieved, and a final of 26 studies were included. Interventions were categorised into cortical or non-cortical stimulation of the swallowing network. Cortical stimulation interventions were repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation. Non-cortical were complex swallowing interventions, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES), sensory stimulation, strengthening exercises and respiratory muscle training. CONCLUSION This scoping review provides an overview of rehabilitative dysphagia interventions for patients with moderate and severe ABI, predominantly due to stroke, in the acute and subacute phase. Positive tendencies towards beneficial effects were found for rTMS, complex swallowing interventions, PES and cervical strengthening. Future studies could benefit from clear reporting of patient diagnosis and disease severity, the use of more standardised treatment protocols or algorithms and fewer but standardised outcome measures to enable comparison of effects across studies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Janum Eskildsen
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Unit of Nursing and Health Care, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Poulsen
- Research Unit of Nursing and Health Care, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Daniela Jakobsen
- Department of Brain Injury, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Derek John Curtis
- Department of Brain Injury, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child Centre Copenhagen, The Child and Youth Administration, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Consensus on the treatment of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:120008. [PMID: 34624796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysphagia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The effects of antiparkinsonian drugs on dysphagia are controversial. Several treatments for dysphagia are available but there is no consensus on their efficacy in PD. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the literature and to define consensus statements on the treatment of dysphagia in PD and related nutritional management. METHODS A multinational group of experts in the field of neurogenic dysphagia and/or Parkinson's disease conducted a systematic evaluation of the literature and reported the results according to PRISMA guidelines. The evidence from the retrieved studies was analyzed and discussed in a consensus conference organized in Pavia, Italy, and the consensus statements were drafted. The final version of statements was subsequently achieved by e-mail consensus. RESULTS The literature review retrieved 64 papers on treatment and nutrition of patients with PD and dysphagia, mainly of Class IV quality. Based on the literature and expert opinion in cases where the evidence was limited or lacking, 26 statements were developed. CONCLUSIONS The statements developed by the Consensus panel provide a guidance for a multi-disciplinary treatment of dysphagia in patients with PD, involving neurologists, otorhinolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, phoniatricians, speech-language pathologists, dieticians, and clinical nutritionists.
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Siegel CL, Besbris J, Everett EA, Lavi ES, Mehta AK, Jones CA, Creutzfeldt CJ, Kramer NM. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Strokes. J Palliat Med 2021; 24:1877-1883. [PMID: 34704853 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cause of long-term disability and death, which leaves many patients with significant and unique palliative care (PC) needs. Shared decision-making for patients with stroke poses distinct challenges due to the sudden nature of stroke, the uncertainty inherent in prognostication around recovery, and the common necessity of relying on surrogates for decision-making. Patients with stroke suffer from frequently underrecognized symptoms, which PC clinicians should feel comfortable identifying and treating. This article provides 10 tips for palliative clinicians to increase their knowledge and comfort in caring for this important population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Siegel
- Departments of Neurology and Palliative Care, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Besbris
- Departments of Neurology and Supportive Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elyse A Everett
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elana S Lavi
- Department of Speech Language Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ambereen K Mehta
- Palliative Care Program, Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher A Jones
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire J Creutzfeldt
- Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neha M Kramer
- Departments of Neurology and Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Zhu Y, Gu L. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Poststroke Dysphagia: A Meta-Analysis for Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Neurol 2021; 85:31-38. [PMID: 34702793 DOI: 10.1159/000518211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has indicated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the pharyngeal motor cortex may be beneficial to poststroke dysphagic patients. In addition, some studies have supported that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the pharyngeal motor cortex can improve swallowing function in poststroke dysphagia. However, some studies showed that rTMS and tDCS show no effect on poststroke dysphagia. This study aims to make a meta-analysis to investigate the therapy effect of rTMS and tDCS on poststroke dysphagia in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched for studies published before March 2021 in databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar). Meta-analysis was made to compute the results of included studies using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS The present study shows a significant increase in the swallowing function in poststroke dysphagia given rTMS compared to those given sham rTMS (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37-1.80, I2 = 81.2%, p < 0.001). In addition, the study shows a significant increase in the swallowing function in poststroke dysphagia given tDCS (combined or not combined with conventional swallowing therapy), compared to those given sham tDCS (combined or not combined with conventional swallowing therapy) (SMD = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.73-2.13, I2 = 77.6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that rTMS and tDCS over the pharyngeal motor cortex show therapy effects on poststroke dysphagia. Many more large-scale, blinded RCTs are essential to investigate the effect of rTMS and tDCS on poststroke dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Wong LY, Ng ML, Tong ETS. How Accurate Are the Consistency Labels Used in Hong Kong? An Objective Study of the Consistency of Thickened Liquids Using International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative and Consistometric Measurements. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2021; 74:167-175. [PMID: 34348310 DOI: 10.1159/000518480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study objectively examined the consistency (thickness) of labels that are used in Hong Kong for the population with dysphagia using an International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) flow test and Bostwick consistometric measurements. METHODS Liquids were prepared by thickening water to achieve 4 consistency labels (slightly thick, mildly thick, medium thick, and extra thick) according to manufacturer's instructions, employing 2 types of thickening products that are used in Hong Kong, i.e., starch based and gum based. For each consistency label prepared using each thickening product, the IDDSI flow test and consistometric measurements were obtained and compared. RESULTS The results showed that the actual thickness of liquids was highly dependent on the type of thickener (starch based vs. gum based) used. Thickened liquids prepared using the starch-based thickener were generally thinner than the actual value at a lower concentration. CONCLUSION Though prepared strictly following the manufacturer's instructions, the thickened liquids fail to faithfully correlate with the standardized norms established according to the IDDSI framework and the objective consistometric measurement using a Bostwick consistometer. Therefore, caution must be exercised when administering a thickened diet following the manufacturer's instructions for patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yat Wong
- Speech Science Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manwa L Ng
- Speech Science Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric T S Tong
- Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Welfare Council, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Zhong L, Rao J, Wang J, Li F, Peng Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang P. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at Different Sites for Dysphagia After Stroke: A Randomized, Observer-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2021; 12:625683. [PMID: 34122294 PMCID: PMC8187758 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.625683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols on patients with poststroke dysphagia is still unclear. Objective: This trial aimed to explore and analyze the effectiveness of 5 Hz rTMS on the unaffected hemisphere, affected hemisphere, and cerebellum in stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods: This observer-blind and randomized controlled trial included a total of 147 patients with stroke. Patients were divided into four treatment groups: the unaffected hemispheric group, the affected hemispheric group, the cerebellum group and the control group. Each group received traditional dysphagia treatment 5 days a week for 2 weeks. All recruited patients except for those in the control group underwent 10 consecutive rTMS sessions for 2 weeks. For the affected hemispheric group and unaffected hemispheric group, 5 Hz rTMS was applied to the affected mylohyoid cortical region or to the unaffected mylohyoid cortical region. For the cerebellum group, 5 Hz rTMS was applied to the mylohyoid cortical representation of the cerebellum (4.3 cm lateral and 2.4 cm below the inion). The Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS), Penetration/Aspiration Scale (PAS), Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), and Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) were used to evaluate clinical swallowing function before the intervention (baseline), immediately after the intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results: There were significant time and intervention interaction effects on the FEDSS, PAS, SSA, and GUSS scores (p < 0.05). In a direct comparison of the swallowing parameters of the four groups, the changes in FEDSS, PAS, SSA, and GUSS scores showed a significantly greater improvement in the unaffected hemispheric group, the affected hemispheric group and cerebellum group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Whether stimulating the unaffected hemisphere or the affected hemisphere, 5 Hz high-frequency rTMS on mylohyoid cortical tissue might have a positive effect on poststroke patients with dysphagia. In addition, cerebellar rTMS is a safe method that represents a potential treatment for poststroke dysphagia, and more clinical trials are needed to develop this technique further. Clinical Trial Registration:chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2000032255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jinzhu Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Green TL, McNair ND, Hinkle JL, Middleton S, Miller ET, Perrin S, Power M, Southerland AM, Summers DV. Care of the Patient With Acute Ischemic Stroke (Posthyperacute and Prehospital Discharge): Update to 2009 Comprehensive Nursing Care Scientific Statement: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Stroke 2021; 52:e179-e197. [PMID: 33691469 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association published a comprehensive scientific statement detailing the nursing care of the patient with an acute ischemic stroke through all phases of hospitalization. The purpose of this statement is to provide an update to the 2009 document by summarizing and incorporating current best practice evidence relevant to the provision of nursing and interprofessional care to patients with ischemic stroke and their families during the acute (posthyperacute phase) inpatient admission phase of recovery. Many of the nursing care elements are informed by nurse-led research to embed best practices in the provision and standard of care for patients with stroke. The writing group comprised members of the Stroke Nursing Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing and the Stroke Council. A literature review was undertaken to examine the best practices in the care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke. The drafts were circulated and reviewed by all committee members. This statement provides a summary of best practices based on available evidence to guide nurses caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke in the hospital posthyperacute/intensive care unit. In many instances, however, knowledge gaps exist, demonstrating the need for continued nurse-led research on care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke.
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29
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Ko JY, Shin DY, Kim TU, Kim SY, Hyun JK, Lee SJ. Effectiveness of Chin Tuck on Laryngeal Penetration: Quantitative Assessment. Dysphagia 2021; 36:1054-1062. [PMID: 33399994 PMCID: PMC8578105 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of the chin tuck maneuver is still controversial, despite being widely used in clinical practice. The chin tuck maneuver has been shown to be able to reduce or eliminate aspiration in a group of patients with a number of favorable conditions, but its effectiveness in preventing or managing penetration remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether the chin tuck maneuver is effective in reducing penetration. Images from a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) taken from 76 patients with penetration were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The severity of penetration was assessed by the penetration ratio (ratio of the penetration depth to the length of the epiglottis) measured and calculated from the images in which the deepest penetration was observed. The penetration ratio was significantly decreased in the chin tuck posture compared with the ratio in the neutral position (p = 0.001). Significant reducing effect was observed in 26 (34.2%) out of 76 patients. When comparing other parameters of VFSS, residues in the vallecular and pyriformis sinuses were less severe in the effective group. Chin tuck significantly decreased residues in both effective and ineffective group. The results demonstrate that the chin tuck maneuver can reduce penetration, but its effectiveness is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youp Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Uk Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Lal PB, Wishart LR, Ward EC, Schwarz M, Seabrook M, Coccetti A. Understanding speech pathology and dysphagia service provision in Australian emergency departments. SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND HEARING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2050571x.2020.1833469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranika B. Lal
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laurelie R. Wishart
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C. Ward
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marnie Seabrook
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne Coccetti
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
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31
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De Stefano A, Dispenza F, Kulamarva G, Lamarca G, Faita A, Merico A, Sardanelli G, Gabellone S, Antonaci A. Predictive factors of severity and persistence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in sub-acute stroke. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:741-748. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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32
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Transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurol 2020; 268:293-304. [PMID: 32797300 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated as a tool for dysphagia recovery after stroke in several single-center randomized controlled trials (RCT). OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the effect of tDCS on dysphagia recovery after a stroke utilizing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Major databases were searched through October 2019 using a pre-defined set of criteria. Any RCT investigating the efficacy of tDCS in post-stroke dysphagia using a standardized dysphagia scale as outcome measure was included. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Effect sizes were calculated from extracted data and entered into a random effects analysis to obtain pooled estimates of the effect. RESULTS Seven RCTs with a total sample size of 217 patients fulfilled the criteria and were included in the analysis. The overall results revealed a small but statistically significant pooled effect size (0.31; CI 0.03, 0.59; p = 0.03). The subgroup which explored the stimulation intensity yielded a moderately significant effect size for the low-intensity stimulation group (g = 0.44; CI = 0.08, 0.81 vs. g = 0.15, CI - 0.30, 0.61). For the other subgroup analyses, neither comparisons of affected vs. unaffected hemisphere or acute vs. chronic stroke phase revealed a significant result. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates a modest but significant beneficial effect of tDCS on improving post-stroke dysphagia. Whether benefits from this intervention are more pronounced in certain patient subgroups and with specific stimulation protocols requires further investigation.
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Orbelo DM, Ekbom DC, Van Houten HK, Bayan SL, Balakrishnan K. Speech Pathology Utilization and Stroboscopy Before and After Adult Medialization Laryngoplasty. J Voice 2020; 36:423-433. [PMID: 32690345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of trends and utilization of speech-language-pathology (SLP) services, including stroboscopy, before and after medialization laryngoplasty (ML) over 11 years. METHODS Retrospective national US database study conducted using OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Study cohort included patients (age ≥18 years) who underwent ML between January 2007 and December 2016. Primary outcomes were rates of SLP visits in the 12 months before and 12 months after ML. Linear regression analysis was performed assessing for trends utilization across years. Secondary outcomes were predictors of utilization After-ML using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS 1114 patients met criteria. Services, including stroboscopy, were utilized by 774 (69%) Before-ML and 697 (63%) After-ML. SLP services, excluding stroboscopy, were utilized by 512 (46%) Before-ML and 478 (43%) After-ML. Vocal cord paralysis was the most common diagnosis, 945 (84.8%) patients. Other service billed were stroboscopy, [Before-ML 676 (60.7%); After-ML 567 (50.9%)], voice evaluation [Before-ML 431(38.7%); After-ML 366 (32.9%)], voice therapy [Before-ML 309 (27.7%); After-ML 339 (30.4%)], laryngeal function studies, [Before-ML 175 (15.7%); After-ML 164 (14.7%)], swallow evaluations [Before-ML 150 (13.5%); After-ML 90 (8.1%)], and swallow therapy [Before-ML 53 (4.8%); After-ML 47 (4.2%)]. SLP utilization Before-ML predicted SLP utilization After-ML [Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval): 9.31 (6.78, 12.77)]. Nearly half (49%) of visits occurred in the 6 months around ML. Of those who had voice therapy, the majority (73.7%) had a total of 1 to 5 sessions. CONCLUSION Based on this retrospective US national database study, SLP services and stroboscopy are a complementary component of assessment and treatment of patients who undergo ML with the majority of services occurring in the 3 months before and after ML. Future work would benefit from outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Orbelo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Dale C Ekbom
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Holly K Van Houten
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MNinnesota; OptumLabs, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Semirra L Bayan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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The simple and fast swallowing function assessment in acute stroke patients. North Clin Istanb 2020; 7:391-397. [PMID: 33043266 PMCID: PMC7521105 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The dysphagia associated pulmonary aspiration is one of the important reasons for mortality and morbidity in stroke. In this study, we evaluated the early swallowing functions of the acute ischemic stroke patients, and tried to choose the right way to start feeding with simple tests. METHODS: Seventy-three inpatients with acute stroke were included in this study. Age, gender, type of stroke, NIHSS and RANKIN scores, risk of aspiration and feeding route were recorded for all the subjects. Dysphagia was evaluated with the bedside clinical evaluation of swallowing function score (BDS) tests. These BDS tests are the assessment of dysphagia with neurological examination score (DSNE) and the bedside water drinking test (BWT) and the Swallowing score (SS) ratio (combining BWT and DSNE scores). All tests to evaluate swallowing were planned to be carried out 24 hours after the last known time of the patient’s healthy and 48 hours after hospitalized. The tests were performed in awake patients who were able to manage to cooperate at the scheduled time. In addition, stroke patients were evaluated quantitatively using the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) test for dysphagia and compared with BDS tests. All patients were evaluated for aspiration pneumonia seven days after admission. If the patients had drowsiness or were unable to cooperate, they were not included in this study. RESULTS: Seventy-three (26F/47M) patients were included in this study if they were conscious and the Glasgow coma scale was above 10 points. When only BDS tests were performed, we decided that 74% (n=54) of the patients could be fed by the oral route, 13.7% of the patients could be fed only by NG route (n=10) and the patients who had the worst BWT and DSNE scores preferred to be feed with PEG route (11% of all the patients, n=8). In 41.1% of the patient (n=30) established the risk of aspiration on referral clinic and 23.3% of the patients (n=17) developed aspiration pneumonia in the clinical follow-up. When 30.1% (22) of the patients had dysphagia with GUSS test, 23.3% (n=17) of the patients were dysphagic with DSNE and 30.1% of the patients (n=22) were dysphagic with BWT and 22% (n=16) of the patients were moderate-severe, 11% (n=8) of the patients were mild dysphagic with the SS ratio. CONCLUSION: These BDS tests concluded are fast and reliable methods for evaluating the dysphagia and risk of aspiration pneumonia without laborious and very few clinically applicable methods, such as endoscopic or video fluoroscopy, in patients who are hospitalized with stroke.
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Pierpoint M, Pillay M. Post-stroke dysphagia: An exploration of initial identification and management performed by nurses and doctors. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 67:e1-e13. [PMID: 32501033 PMCID: PMC7276479 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v67i1.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South African speech-language therapists are the only health professionals charged with dysphagia rehabilitation. However, registered nurses and doctors are often initial healthcare contact points for post-stroke dysphagia. Notwithstanding service concerns, they do indeed identify and manage post-stroke dysphagia. However, little is known about specifically what they do during these initial clinical encounters. OBJECTIVE To explore how doctors and registered nurses, on initial clinical contact, identify and manage post-stroke dysphagia. METHOD A quantitative descriptive survey design, with non-probability, purposive sampling, was used. Twenty-one registered nurses and four doctors at a private South African hospital self-administered a questionnaire. Univariate analyses were completed by calculating frequency distributions of nurses' and doctors' identification and management practices. RESULTS Most (86%) did not use a formal screening tool. Indicators screened informally included: presence of drooling (84%) or gag reflex (76%), level of alertness (80%) and spontaneous saliva swallow (80%). Participants neglected important indicators like voluntary cough and vocal quality. Management provided included head of bed elevation (96%), speech-language therapist referrals (92%), nasogastric tube insertions (88%), intravenous fluids (84%) and positional adjustments (76%). Alternative management included total parenteral nutrition (52%), syringe feeding (48%), swallow muscle strengthening exercises (56%) and swallow manoeuvres (52%). CONCLUSION Results indicated that doctors and registered nurses under-utilised important dysphagia indicators and used potentially harmful management practices like syringe feeding. Management practices further included out-of-scope methods like dysphagia rehabilitation exercises or manoeuvres. Recommendations include peer dysphagia screening training using formal tools and basic dysphagia management methods to better equip doctors and registered nurses when they clinically engage post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Pierpoint
- Discipline of Speech-Language Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is among the most common causes of disability worldwide. Nonmotor symptoms of stroke are common and disabling. Many are treatable, and intervention improves the quality of life for stroke survivors. AREAS COVERED Here the author summarizes the evidence-based treatment of depression and other mood disorders, aphasia, hemispatial neglect, impairments of emotional communication and empathy, deficits in memory and other cognitive functions, sleep disorders, pain, fatigue, and seizures resulting from stroke. The author focuses on treatments supported by randomized controlled trials (RCTs), from the literature cited in Google Scholar, Embase, and Pubmed. EXPERT OPINION While behavioral rehabilitation is the most common intervention for many of the sequelae of stroke, relatively small RCTs support the use of noninvasive brain stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation) and medications that facilitate neural plasticity and recovery. These noninvasive brain stimulation methods remain investigational for post-stroke symptoms. The strongest evidence for pharmacological intervention is in the domains of post-stroke mood disorders and epilepsy, but additional RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other medications for improving recovery of cognition, language, and energy after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, USA
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Umemoto G, Furuya H. Management of Dysphagia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders. Intern Med 2020; 59:7-14. [PMID: 30996170 PMCID: PMC6995701 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2373-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various methods of rehabilitation for dysphagia have been suggested through the experience of treating stroke patients. Although most of these patients recover their swallowing function in a short period, dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinson-related disorder (PRD) degenerates with disease progression. Muscle rigidity and bradykinesia are recognized as causes of swallowing dysfunction, and it is difficult to easily apply the strategies for stroke to the rehabilitation of dysphagia in PD patients. Disease severity, weight loss, drooling, and dementia are important clinical predictors. Silent aspiration is a pathognomonic sign that may lead to aspiration pneumonia. Severe PD patients need routine video fluoroscopy or video endoscopy to adjust their food and liquid consistency. Patients with PRD experience rapid progression of swallowing dysfunction. Nutrition combined with nasogastric tube feeding or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding should be considered owing to the increased risk of aspiration and difficulty administrating oral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Umemoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
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Wang ZY, Chen JM, Ni GX. Effect of an indwelling nasogastric tube on swallowing function in elderly post-stroke dysphagia patients with long-term nasal feeding. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:83. [PMID: 31043159 PMCID: PMC6495564 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, a large number of post-stroke survivors require nasogastric tube (NGT) placement and nasal feeding for a relatively long period. However, its impact on the swallowing function remains largely unknown. This study examines the impact of prolonged placement of an NGT on the swallowing function of elderly post-stroke patients. METHODS The participants of this study were 30 elderly post-stroke patients who had been using an NGT for more than 2 months. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed before and 5 h after removal of the NGT. The following parameters were analyzed and compared, the functional dysphagia scale (FDS), residue in the valleculae, residue in the pyriform sinuses, and the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS). In addition, prior to the VFSS, the pharynx and larynx were examined using a fiberoptic laryngoscope. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the total scores of the FDS, pharyngeal transit times (PTTs), the residue in the valleculae, and the residue in the pyriform sinuses before and after the NGT removal, suggesting an improved swallowing function following the removal of the NGT. A significantly lower penetration-aspiration degree was found after removing the NGT compared with that before its removal. In addition, examinations using the fiberoptic laryngoscope showed that laryngopharyngeal edema was present in three quarters of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that prolonged placement of the NGT had a negative impact on the swallowing function of elderly post-stroke dysphagia patients, mainly on the pharyngeal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Wang
- 0000 0004 1758 0400grid.412683.aDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 China
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- 0000 0004 1758 0400grid.412683.aDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- 0000 0004 1758 0400grid.412683.aDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005 China
- 0000 0001 2223 5394grid.411614.7School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Shangdi Information Road, Beijing, 100084 China
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Lee KW, Kim SB, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Park JG, Jang KW. Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Masseter Muscle on Oral Dysfunction After Stroke. Ann Rehabil Med 2019; 43:11-18. [PMID: 30852866 PMCID: PMC6409656 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2019.43.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine positive effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in conventional dysphagia therapy on masseter muscle oral dysfunction of patients after subacute stroke. Methods Among subacute stroke patients who were diagnosed as oropharyngeal dysphagia by videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS), those with oral dysfunction were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to a study group or a control group. The study group received NMES on masseter muscle and suprahyoid muscle simultaneously, while the control group received NMES only on suprahyoid muscle. NMES therapy session as applied 30 minutes each time, two times per day for a total of 20 sessions. Both groups received conventional dysphagia therapy for 2 weeks. All enrolled patients were evaluated by VFSS after 2 weeks. Oropharyngeal swallowing function was evaluated by Penetration-Aspiration Scale, Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS), and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System swallowing scale based on results of VFSS. Results Patients were randomly assigned to the study group (n=20) or the control group (n=20). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or initial values between the two groups. After 2 weeks of NMES, both groups showed improvement in scores of total FDS and pharyngeal phase FDS. Additionally, the study group showed improvement in oral phase FDS. Changes in all measurements were similar between the two groups. Conclusion In this preliminary study, NMES for masseter muscle has a therapeutic effect on oral dysfunction of patients after subacute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Sook Joung Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Gee Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
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Zhou XD, Dong WH, Zhao CH, Feng XF, Wen WW, Tu WY, Cai MX, Xu TC, Xie QL. Risk scores for predicting dysphagia in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:7. [PMID: 30630421 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at developing and validating a scoring model to stratify critically ill patients after cardiac surgery based on risk for dysphagia, a common but often neglected complication. METHODS Data were prospectively collected and analyzed from January 2016 to June 2017 from 395 consecutive post cardiac surgery patients at the cardiac care unit (CCU) at a single center; 103 (26.1%) developed dysphagia. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify independent predictors for dysphagia. The survival nomogram was developed on the basis of a multivariable Cox model, which allowed us to obtain survival probability estimations. The predictive performance of the nomogram was verified for discrimination and calibration. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to illustrate and evaluate the diagnostic performance of the novel model. RESULTS The final novel scoring model, named SSG-OD, consists of three independent factors: gastric intubation (OR = 1.024, 95% CI 1.015-1.033), sedative drug use duration (OR = 1.031, 95% CI 1.001-1.063) and stroke or not (OR = 6.182, 95% CI 3.028-12.617). SSG-OD identified patients at risk for dysphagia with sensitivity of 68.5% and specificity of 89.0% (OR = 0.833, 95% CI: 0.782-0.884). The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.22 and 0.35. CONCLUSIONS The novel SSG-OD scoring system to risk stratify CCU patients for dysphagia is an easy-to-use bedside prognostication aid with good predictive performance and the potential to reduce aspiration incidence and accelerate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei-Hua Dong
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chu-Huan Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xia-Fei Feng
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wen
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wen-Yi Tu
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Meng-Xing Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiang-Li Xie
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Vose AK, Kesneck S, Sunday K, Plowman E, Humbert I. A Survey of Clinician Decision Making When Identifying Swallowing Impairments and Determining Treatment. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2018; 61:2735-2756. [PMID: 30458527 PMCID: PMC7242916 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are the primary providers of dysphagia management; however, this role has been criticized with assertions that SLPs are inadequately trained in swallowing physiology (Campbell-Taylor, 2008). To date, diagnostic acuity and treatment planning for swallowing impairments by practicing SLPs have not been examined. We conducted a survey to examine how clinician demographics and swallowing complexity influence decision making for swallowing impairments in videofluoroscopic images. Our goal was to determine whether SLPs' judgments of swallowing timing impairments align with impairment thresholds available in the research literature and whether or not there is agreement among SLPs regarding therapeutic recommendations. METHOD The survey included 3 videofluoroscopic swallows ranging in complexity (easy, moderate, and complex). Three hundred three practicing SLPs in dysphagia management participated in the survey in a web-based format (Qualtrics, 2005) with frame-by-frame viewing capabilities. SLPs' judgments of impairment were compared against impairment thresholds for swallowing timing measures based on 95% confidence intervals from healthy swallows reported in the literature. RESULTS The primary impairment in swallowing physiology was identified 67% of the time for the easy swallow, 6% for the moderate swallow, and 6% for the complex swallow. On average, practicing clinicians mislabeled 8 or more swallowing events as impaired that were within the normal physiologic range compared with healthy normative data available in the literature. Agreement was higher among clinicians who report using frame-by-frame analysis 80% of the time. A range of 19-21 different treatments was recommended for each video, regardless of complexity. CONCLUSIONS Poor to modest agreement in swallowing impairment identification, frequent false positives, and wide variability in treatment planning recommendations suggest that additional research and training in healthy and disordered swallowing are needed to increase accurate dysphagia diagnosis and treatment among clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K. Vose
- Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Swallowing Systems Core, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Training Program (T32 HL134621), Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Sara Kesneck
- Swallowing Systems Core, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Kirstyn Sunday
- Swallowing Systems Core, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Emily Plowman
- Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Swallowing Systems Core, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ianessa Humbert
- Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Swallowing Systems Core, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and adult disability in the UK. A stroke can have significant negative effects on the lives of patients and their families and carers. While improved stroke management has contributed to a reduction in mortality and improved outcomes following rehabilitation, the incidence of stroke continues to rise in the UK, partly because of the ageing population. Stroke rehabilitation involves a multidisciplinary approach, with nurses performing a central role. This article describes the risk factors and types of stroke, the main areas of stroke rehabilitation and the role of the nurse. It emphasises that providing support to families and carers is a particularly important element of caring for people who have experienced a stroke.
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Kim YK, Lee KY, Lee SH. Efficacy of a 4-Week Swallowing Rehabilitation Program Combined With Pyriform Sinus Ballooning in Patients With Post-stroke Dysphagia. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42:542-550. [PMID: 30180523 PMCID: PMC6129718 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy of a 4-week swallowing rehabilitation program combined with pyriform sinus ballooning in patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). Methods We evaluated a total of 30 patients (n=30) with PSD who were admitted to our medical institution between May of 2014 and October of 2016. These patients were randomly assigned to either the trial group (n=15; a 20-minute conventional rehabilitation followed by a 10-minute pyriform sinus ballooning) or the control group (n=15; a 30-minute conventional rehabilitation). In these patients, the efficacy outcome measures were pharyngeal remnant, the pharyngeal transit time, the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) scores. We compared the differences in efficacy outcome measures at 4 weeks from baseline between the two groups. Results There were significant changes in the pharyngeal remnant, the pharyngeal transit time, the PAS scores and the VDS scores at 4 weeks from baseline between the two groups (p<0.0001, p=0.0001, p<0.0001, and p=0.0048, respectively). There were no treatment-emergent adverse events in our series. Conclusion Our 4-week rehabilitation program combined with pyriform sinus ballooning is an effective and safe modality in patients with PSD. However, further large-scale, long-term, and multi-center studies are needed to corroborate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyun Yeon Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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ESPEN guideline clinical nutrition in neurology. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:354-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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May NH, Pisegna JM, Marchina S, Langmore SE, Kumar S, Pearson WG. Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics Secondary to Hemispheric Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:952-961. [PMID: 27913200 PMCID: PMC5409864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational analysis of swallowing mechanics (CASM) is a method that utilizes multivariate shape change analysis to uncover covariant elements of pharyngeal swallowing mechanics associated with impairment using videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. The goals of this preliminary study were to (1) characterize swallowing mechanics underlying stroke-related dysphagia, (2) decipher the impact of left and right hemispheric strokes on pharyngeal swallowing mechanics, and (3) determine pharyngeal swallowing mechanics associated with penetration-aspiration status. METHODS Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies of 18 dysphagic patients with hemispheric infarcts and age- and gender-matched controls were selected from well-controlled data sets. Patient data including laterality and penetration-aspiration status were collected. Coordinates mapping muscle group action during swallowing were collected from videos. Multivariate morphometric analyses of coordinates associated with stroke, affected hemisphere, and penetration-aspiration status were performed. RESULTS Pharyngeal swallowing mechanics differed significantly in the following comparisons: stroke versus controls (D = 2.19, P < .0001), right hemispheric stroke versus controls (D = 3.64, P < .0001), left hemispheric stroke versus controls (D = 2.06, P < .0001), right hemispheric stroke versus left hemispheric stroke (D = 2.89, P < .0001), and penetration-aspiration versus within normal limits (D = 2.25, P < .0001). Differences in pharyngeal swallowing mechanics associated with each comparison were visualized using eigenvectors. CONCLUSIONS Whereas current literature focuses on timing changes in stroke-related dysphagia, these data suggest that mechanical changes are also functionally important. Pharyngeal swallowing mechanics differed by the affected hemisphere and the penetration-aspiration status. CASM can be used to identify patient-specific swallowing impairment associated with stroke injury that could help guide rehabilitation strategies to improve swallowing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson H May
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jessica M Pisegna
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Marchina
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E Langmore
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William G Pearson
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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Effects of Bilateral Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Post-Stroke Dysphagia. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Osman M, Devadas V. Clozapine-induced dysphagia with secondary substantial weight loss. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-216445. [PMID: 27543610 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysphagia is listed as a 'rare' side effect following clozapine treatment. In this case report, we describe how significant clozapine-induced dysphagia has led to significant reduction of nutritional intake with subsequent substantial weight loss. An 18-year-old single man with an established diagnosis of treatment-resistant paranoid schizophrenia recovered well on a therapeutic dose of clozapine. However, he was noted to lose weight significantly (up to 20% of his original weight) as the dose was uptitrated. This was brought about by development of dysphagia, likely to be due to clozapine. Addition of nutritional supplementary liquids and initiation of a modified behavioural dietary/swallowing programme, while repeatedly mastering the Mendelsohn manoeuvre technique, alleviated the swallowing difficulties and restored his weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugtaba Osman
- Department of Psychiatry, Letterkenny General Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Vekneswaran Devadas
- Department of Psychiatry, Letterkenny General Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
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González-Fernández M, Brodsky MB, Palmer JB. Poststroke Communication Disorders and Dysphagia. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2016; 26:657-70. [PMID: 26522904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Communication and swallowing disorders are common after stroke. Targeted surveillance followed by prompt evaluation and treatment is of paramount importance. The overall goals of rehabilitation for impaired swallowing and communication and swallowing deficits may differ based on the specific deficits caused by the stroke but the main goal is always to improve the patient's everyday interpersonal interactions and optimize participation in society. Fortunately, therapeutic or compensatory interventions can decrease the effects that communication and swallowing deficits have on the quality of life of stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlís González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Martin B Brodsky
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Palmer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Freitas GSD, Mituuti CT, Furkim AM, Busanello-Stella AR, Stefani FM, Arone MMADS, Berretin-Felix G. Biofeedback eletromiográfico no tratamento das disfunções orofaciais neurogênicas: revisão sistemática de literatura. AUDIOLOGY: COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6431-2016-1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se o uso do biofeedback eletromiográfico na terapia voltada às funções orofaciais (expressão facial, mastigação, deglutição, fonação e fala) produz efeitos benéficos para os indivíduos com doenças neurológicas. Estratégia de pesquisa Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, por meio dos descritores “electromyographic biofeedback”, “swallowing”, “speech” “chewing”, “phonation”, e “facial expression”. A busca nas bases de dados e a seleção dos artigos foram realizadas independentemente, por duas pesquisadoras e, nos casos de não concordância, houve discussão fundamentada nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão para que chegassem a um consenso. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos estudos experimentais em seres humanos, em inglês e português, que descreveram e discutiram a utilização do biofeedback eletromiográfico no tratamento das alterações das funções orofaciais provenientes de doenças neurológicas. Resultados Foram encontrados 175 artigos, sendo que somente 10 se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos trabalhos relacionou-se a estudo de caso, seguido por estudos de série de casos, caso controle e ensaio clínico randomizado. A maior parte dos artigos abordou a aplicação da terapia com biofeedback eletromiográfico na função da deglutição, seguida da função da fala e apenas um artigo utilizou esta modalidade de tratamento na terapia para melhora da expressão facial. Não foram encontrados estudos que abordassem o tratamento fonoaudiológico utilizando o biofeedback eletromiográfico em pacientes com doenças neurológicas, nas funções de fonação e mastigação. Conclusão O uso do biofeedback eletromiográfico na terapia voltada às funções orofaciais pode produzir efeitos benéficos para os indivíduos com doenças neurológicas, nas funções de deglutição, fala e expressão facial.
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