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Patel A, Rosenke K, Parzych EM, Feldmann F, Bharti S, Griffin AJ, Schouest B, Lewis M, Choi J, Chokkalingam N, Machado V, Smith BJ, Frase D, Ali AR, Lovaglio J, Nguyen B, Hanley PW, Walker SN, Gary EN, Kulkarni A, Generotti A, Francica JR, Rosenthal K, Kulp DW, Esser MT, Smith TRF, Shaia C, Weiner DB, Feldmann H. In vivo delivery of engineered synthetic DNA-encoded SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prophylaxis in non-human primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2294860. [PMID: 38165394 PMCID: PMC10903752 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2294860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a major public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies have received emergency use authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 among high-risk groups for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. In addition to recombinant biologics, engineered synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies (DMAb) are an important strategy for direct in vivo delivery of protective mAb. A DMAb cocktail was synthetically engineered to encode the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains of two different two different Fc-engineered anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The DMAbs were designed to enhance in vivo expression and delivered intramuscularly to cynomolgus and rhesus macaques with a modified in vivo delivery regimen. Serum levels were detected in macaques, along with specific binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain protein and neutralization of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in pseudovirus and authentic live virus assays. Prophylactic administration was protective in rhesus macaques against signs of SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) associated disease in the lungs. Overall, the data support further study of DNA-encoded antibodies as an additional delivery mode for prevention of COVID-19 severe disease. These data have implications for human translation of gene-encoded mAbs for emerging infectious diseases and low dose mAb delivery against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Parzych
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Suman Bharti
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Griffin
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Matt Lewis
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Brian J. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ali
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Susanne N. Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph R. Francica
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Esser
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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2
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Tkaczyk C, Newton M, Patnaik MM, Thom G, Strain M, Gamson A, Daramola O, Murthy A, Douthwaite J, Stepanov O, Boger E, Yang H, Esser MT, Lidwell A, DiGiandomenico A, Santos L, Sellman BR. In vivo mRNA expression of a multi-mechanistic mAb combination protects against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2505-2518. [PMID: 38822525 PMCID: PMC11405172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Single monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be expressed in vivo through gene delivery of their mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). However, delivery of a mAb combination could be challenging due to the risk of heavy and light variable chain mispairing. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of a three mAb combination against Staphylococcus aureus first in single chain variable fragment scFv-Fc and then in immunoglobulin G 1 (IgG1) format in mice. Intravenous delivery of each mRNA/LNP or the trio (1 mg/kg each) induced functional antibody expression after 24 h (10-100 μg/mL) with 64%-78% cognate-chain paired IgG expression after 3 days, and an absence of non-cognate chain pairing for scFv-Fc. We did not observe reduced neutralizing activity for each mAb compared with the level of expression of chain-paired mAbs. Delivery of the trio mRNA protected mice in an S. aureus-induced dermonecrosis model. Intravenous administration of the three mRNA in non-human primates achieved peak serum IgG levels ranging between 2.9 and 13.7 μg/mL with a half-life of 11.8-15.4 days. These results suggest nucleic acid delivery of mAb combinations holds promise and may be a viable option to streamline the development of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tkaczyk
- AstraZeneca, Early Vaccines & Immune Therapies, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Michael Newton
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Mun Mun Patnaik
- AstraZeneca, Early Vaccines & Immune Therapies, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - George Thom
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Martin Strain
- AstraZeneca, Biologics Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cambridge CB216GH, UK
| | - Adam Gamson
- AstraZeneca, Early Vaccines & Immune Therapies, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Olalekan Daramola
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Andal Murthy
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Julie Douthwaite
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Oleg Stepanov
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Elin Boger
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Respirator & immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haitao Yang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Mark T Esser
- AstraZeneca, Early Vaccines & Immune Therapies, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ashley Lidwell
- AstraZeneca, Early Vaccines & Immune Therapies, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Luis Santos
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Bret R Sellman
- AstraZeneca, Early Vaccines & Immune Therapies, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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3
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Hofmeyer KA, Ventura CL, Armstrong KL, Houchens CR, Patel S, Disbrow GL, Johnson RA. Project NextGen: Developing the Next Generation of COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics to Respond to the Present and Prepare for the Future. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 79:115-121. [PMID: 38356144 PMCID: PMC11259220 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology and product landscapes have changed considerably since onset of the pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics are available, but the continual emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants introduce limitations in our ability to prevent and treat disease. Project NextGen is a collaboration between the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, that is leveraging public-private partnerships to address gaps in the nation's COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic capabilities. Targeted investments will advance promising next-generation candidates through the most difficult phases of clinical development to encourage further private sector interest for later stage development and commercial availability. New commercial vaccines and therapeutics that are more durable and effective across variants will improve our fight against COVID-19 and transform our response to future threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Hofmeyer
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christy L Ventura
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly L Armstrong
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher R Houchens
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sandeep Patel
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gary L Disbrow
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert A Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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O'Connell RP, Liaw K, Wellhausen N, Chuckran CA, Bhojnagarwala PS, Bordoloi D, Park D, Shupin N, Kulp D, June CH, Weiner D. Format-tuning of in vivo-launched bispecific T cell engager enhances efficacy against renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008733. [PMID: 38834201 PMCID: PMC11163651 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent kidney cancer for which long-term survival rates are abysmal, though immunotherapies are showing potential. Not yet clinically vetted are bispecific T cell engagers (BTEs) that activate T cell-mediated cancer killing through intercellular synapsing. Multiple BTE formats exist, however, with limited cross-characterizations to help optimize new drug design. Here, we developed BTEs to treat ccRCC by targeting carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) while characterizing the persistent BTE (PBTE) format and comparing it to a new format, the persistent multivalent T cell engager (PMTE). These antibody therapies against ccRCC are developed as both recombinant and synthetic DNA (synDNA) medicines. METHODS Antibody formatting effects on binding kinetics were assessed by flow cytometry and intercellular synaptic strength assays while potency was tested using T-cell activation and cytotoxicity assays. Mouse models were used to study antibody plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics, as well as antitumor efficacy as both recombinant and synDNA medicines. Specifically, three models using ccRCC cell line xenografts and human donor T cells in immunodeficient mice were used to support this study. RESULTS Compared with a first-generation BTE, we show that the PBTE reduced avidity, intercellular synaptic strength, cytotoxic potency by as much as 33-fold, and ultimately efficacy against ccRCC tumors in vivo. However, compared with the PBTE, we demonstrate that the PMTE improved cell avidity, restored intercellular synapses, augmented cytotoxic potency by 40-fold, improved tumor distribution pharmacokinetics by 2-fold, and recovered synDNA efficacy in mouse tumor models by 20-fold. All the while, the PMTE displayed a desirable half-life of 4 days in mice compared with the conventional BTE's 2 hours. CONCLUSIONS With impressive efficacy, the CA9-targeted PMTE is a promising new therapy for advanced ccRCC, which can be effectively delivered through synDNA. The highly potent PMTE format itself is a promising new tool for future applications in the multispecific antibody space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P O'Connell
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Shupin
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Kulp
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Wong G, Bienes KM, Xiii A, Fausther-Bovendo H, Kobinger GP. Ebola-specific therapeutic antibodies from lab to clinic: The example of ZMapp. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105873. [PMID: 38580170 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) progressed from scientific tools to advanced therapeutics, particularly for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the arena of infectious disease, the inauguration of mAbs as a post-exposure treatment in humans against Ebola virus (EBOV) occurred in response to the 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak. This review recounts the history of a candidate mAb treatment, ZMapp, beginning with its emergency use in the 2013-2016 outbreak and advancing to randomized controlled trials into the 2018-2020 African outbreak. We end with a brief discussion of the hurdles and promise toward mAb therapeutic use against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur Du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kathrina Mae Bienes
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur Du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ara Xiii
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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6
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Sussman C, Liberatore RA, Drozdz MM. Delivery of DNA-Based Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38675196 PMCID: PMC11053842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and its role in the medical field have evolved drastically in recent decades. Studies aim to define DNA-based medicine as well as encourage innovation and the further development of novel approaches. Gene therapy has been established as an alternative approach to treat a variety of diseases. Its range of mechanistic applicability is wide; gene therapy has the capacity to address the symptoms of disease, the body's ability to fight disease, and in some cases has the ability to cure disease, making it a more attractive intervention than some traditional approaches to treatment (i.e., medicine and surgery). Such versatility also suggests gene therapy has the potential to address a greater number of indications than conventional treatments. Many DNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, and several have been approved for use in humans. Whereas current treatment regimens for chronic disease often require frequent dosing, DNA-based therapies can produce robust and durable expression of therapeutic genes with fewer treatments. This benefit encourages the application of DNA-based gene therapy to manage chronic diseases, an area where improving efficiency of current treatments is urgent. Here, we provide an overview of two DNA-based gene therapies as well as their delivery methods: adeno associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy and plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene therapy. We will focus on how these therapies have already been utilized to improve treatment of chronic disease, as well as how current literature supports the expansion of these therapies to treat additional chronic indications in the future.
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7
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Passi G, Dey P, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:295-347. [PMID: 38206610 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2298398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for delivering medications to the inflamed organ sites, such as the lungs. Although this approach is enticing, delivering nanomedicine to the lungs presents complex challenges that require sophisticated techniques. In this context, we review the potential of novel nanomedicine-based immunomodulatory strategies that could offer therapeutic benefits in managing this pressing health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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8
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Singh R, Chandley P, Rohatgi S. Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:886-897. [PMID: 38149884 PMCID: PMC10759153 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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9
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Zhao Y, Gan L, Ke D, Chen Q, Fu Y. Mechanisms and research advances in mRNA antibody drug-mediated passive immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:693. [PMID: 37794448 PMCID: PMC10552228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody technology is widely used in the fields of biomedical and clinical therapies. Nonetheless, the complex in vitro expression of recombinant proteins, long production cycles, and harsh storage conditions have limited their applications in medicine, especially in clinical therapies. Recently, this dilemma has been overcome to a certain extent by the development of mRNA delivery systems, in which antibody-encoding mRNAs are enclosed in nanomaterials and delivered to the body. On entering the cytoplasm, the mRNAs immediately bind to ribosomes and undergo translation and post-translational modifications. This process produces monoclonal or bispecific antibodies that act directly on the patient. Additionally, it eliminates the cumbersome process of in vitro protein expression and extends the half-life of short-lived proteins, which significantly reduces the cost and duration of antibody production. This review focuses on the benefits and drawbacks of mRNA antibodies compared with the traditional in vitro expressed antibodies. In addition, it elucidates the progress of mRNA antibodies in the prevention of infectious diseases and oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linchuan Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dangjin Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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10
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Yu H, Wu M, Zhao N, Dong M, Wang Y, Yu K, Sun C, Xu N, Ge L, Liu W. Anti-Ricin toxin human neutralizing antibodies and DMAbs protection against ricin toxin poisoning. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00209-6. [PMID: 37390852 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) and in vivo expression of antibody therapeutics presents an innovative alternative to conventional delivery methods. Therefore, in order to prevent the lethal dose of ricin toxin (RT) and to avoid human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) reaction, we developed the human neutralizing antibody 4-4E against RT and constructed DMAb-4-4E. The human neutralizing antibody 4-4E could neutralize RT in vitro and in vivo, while the mice in RT group all died. Using intramuscular electroporation (IM EP), antibodies were rapidly expressed in vivo within 7 days and were enriched in intestine and gastrocnemius muscle mostly. Besides, we found that DMAbs have shown a broad protective efficacy of RT poisoning prophylaxis. Driven by plasmids for IgG expression, mice were survived and the blood glucose level of mice in DMAb-IgG group returned to normal at 72h post RT challenge, and the RT group died within 48h. Furthermore, hindrance of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and accumulation of RT in endosomes were found in IgG-protected cells, revealing the possible mechanism of neutralization details. These data support the further study of RT-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130122, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Wensen Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, 130122, China.
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11
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Cuypers ML, Geukens N, Hollevoet K, Declerck P, Dewilde M. Exploring the Fate of Antibody-Encoding pDNA after Intramuscular Electroporation in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041160. [PMID: 37111645 PMCID: PMC10146361 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-based antibody therapy seeks to administer the encoding nucleotide sequence rather than the antibody protein. To further improve the in vivo monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression, a better understanding of what happens after the administration of the encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) is required. This study reports the quantitative evaluation and localization of the administered pDNA over time and its association with corresponding mRNA levels and systemic protein concentrations. pDNA encoding the murine anti-HER2 4D5 mAb was administered to BALB/c mice via intramuscular injection followed by electroporation. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken at different time points (up to 3 months). In muscle, pDNA levels decreased 90% between 24 h and one week post treatment (p < 0.0001). In contrast, mRNA levels remained stable over time. The 4D5 antibody plasma concentrations reached peak levels at week two followed by a slow decrease (50% after 12 weeks, p < 0.0001). Evaluation of pDNA localization revealed that extranuclear pDNA was cleared fast, whereas the nuclear fraction remained relatively stable. This is in line with the observed mRNA and protein levels over time and indicates that only a minor fraction of the administered pDNA is ultimately responsible for the observed systemic mAb levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that durable expression is dependent on the nuclear uptake of the pDNA. Therefore, efforts to increase the protein levels upon pDNA-based gene therapy should focus on strategies to increase both cellular entry and migration of the pDNA into the nucleus. The currently applied methodology can be used to guide the design and evaluation of novel plasmid-based vectors or alternative delivery methods in order to achieve a robust and prolonged protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lynn Cuypers
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dewilde
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs-The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 Box 820, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Park DH, Liaw K, Bhojnagarwala P, Zhu X, Choi J, Ali AR, Bordoloi D, Gary EN, O’Connell RP, Kulkarni A, Guimet D, Smith T, Perales-Puchalt A, Patel A, Weiner DB. Multivalent in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers effectively controls heterogeneous GBM tumors and mitigates immune escape. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:249-263. [PMID: 36915911 PMCID: PMC10006507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most difficult cancers to treat with a 5-year survival rate less than 5%. An immunotherapeutic vaccine approach targeting GBM-specific antigen, EGFRvIII, previously demonstrated important clinical impact. However, immune escape variants were reported in the trial, suggesting that multivalent approaches targeting GBM-associated antigens may be of importance. Here we focused on multivalent in vivo delivery of synthetic DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers (DBTEs) targeting two GBM-associated antigens, EGFRvIII and HER2. We designed and optimized an EGFRvIII-DBTE that induced T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells. In vivo delivery in a single administration of EGFRvIII-DBTE resulted in durable expression over several months in NSG mice and potent tumor control and clearance in both peripheral and orthotopic animal models of GBM. Next, we combined delivery of EGFRvIII-DBTEs with an HER2-targeting DBTE to treat heterogeneous GBM tumors. In vivo delivery of dual DBTEs targeting these two GBM-associated antigens exhibited enhanced tumor control and clearance in a heterogeneous orthotopic GBM challenge, while treatment with single-target DBTE ultimately allowed for tumor escape. These studies support that combined delivery of DBTEs, targeting both EGFRvIII and HER2, can potentially improve outcomes of GBM immunotherapy, and such multivalent approaches deserve additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Park
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xizhou Zhu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ali
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P. O’Connell
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Guimet
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Trevor Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Peres C, Sellitto C, Nardin C, Putti S, Orsini T, Di Pietro C, Marazziti D, Vitiello A, Calistri A, Rigamonti M, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Zonta F, Yang G, White TW, Mammano F. Antibody gene transfer treatment drastically improves epidermal pathology in a keratitis ichthyosis deafness syndrome model using male mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104453. [PMID: 36736132 PMCID: PMC9926223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratitis ichthyosis deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by hemichannel (HC) activating gain-of-function mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin (Cx) 26, for which there is no cure, or current treatments based upon the mechanism of disease causation. METHODS We applied Adeno Associated Virus (AAV) mediated mAb gene transfer (AAVmAb) to treat the epidermal features of KID syndrome with a well-characterized HC blocking antibody using male mice of a murine model that replicates the skin pathology of the human disease. FINDINGS We demonstrate that in vivo AAVmAb treatment significantly reduced the size and thickness of KID lesions, in addition to blocking activity of mutant HCs in the epidermis in vivo. We also show that AAVmAb treatment eliminated abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and enlarged cell size, decreased apoptosis, and restored the normal distribution of keratin expression. INTERPRETATION Our findings reinforce the critical role played by increased HC activity in the skin pathology associated with KID syndrome. They also underscore the clinical potential of anti-HC mAbs coupled with genetic based delivery systems for treating the underlying mechanistic basis of this disorder. Inhibition of HC activity is an ideal therapeutic target in KID syndrome, and the genetic delivery of mAbs targeted against mutant HCs could form the basis of new therapeutic interventions to treat this incurable disease. FUNDING Fondazione Telethon grant GGP19148 and University of Padova grant Prot. BIRD187130 to FM; Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types (FIRST) and National Institutes of Health grant EY 026911 to TWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Peres
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sellitto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, T5-147, Basic Science Tower; Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661, USA
| | - Chiara Nardin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Putti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Orsini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Thomas W White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, T5-147, Basic Science Tower; Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661, USA.
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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14
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Kumar S, Singh S, Luthra K. An Overview of Human Anti-HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies against Diverse Epitopes of HIV-1. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7252-7261. [PMID: 36873012 PMCID: PMC9979333 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Review, we have addressed some recent developments in the discovery and applications of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type- 1 (HIV-1) broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) isolated from infected adults and children. The recent developments in human antibody isolation technologies have led to the discovery of several highly potent anti-HIV-1 bnAbs. Herein, we have discussed the characteristics of recently identified bnAbs directed at distinct epitopes of HIV-1, in addition to the existing antibodies, from adults and children and have shed light on the benefits of multispecific HIV-1 bnAbs and their role in the design of polyvalent vaccines.
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15
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de Almeida Oliveira A, Praia Borges Freire D, Rodrigues de Andrade A, de Miranda Marques A, da Silva Madeira L, Moreno Senna JP, Freitas Brasileiro da Silveira IA, de Castro Fialho B. The Landscape of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (nAbs) for Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19. J Pharm Innov 2023; 18:1-19. [PMID: 36843665 PMCID: PMC9943047 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-023-09713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose After nearly 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, even though a vast body of knowledge and products (including vaccines and treatments) have been developed and disseminated, the virus is still evolving and new variants arising. Consequently, thousands of lives continue to be lost. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) are promising drugs that emerged to treat SARS-CoV-2. In the uncertainty of the current situation, there is the question of whether organizations should continue to invest in this technology. To help decision-making in scientifical and pharmaceutical organizations, it is of major importance to monitor the development of products and technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study is analyze the landscape of nAbs for COVID-19. Methods The scenario of 473 biotherapeutics focusing on nAbs was evaluated using foresight techniques and a review of literature. Data were obtained from structured and semi-structured databases and processed for treatment, cleaning, consistency, validation, and enrichment. Results We identified 227 nAbs and performed an extensive literature review of 16 nAbs in late clinical development, including development technologies, responses to variants of concern (VOCs), manufacturing, and clinical aspects. Conclusions Even though the emergence of new VOCs is a threat to the effectiveness of this treatment, demanding constant genomic surveillance, the use of nAbs to treat and prevent COVID-19 will probably continue to be relevant due to excellent safety profiles and the possibility of immediate immunity transfer, especially in patients showing inadequate immunological response to vaccination. Therefore, we suggest that organizations should keep investing in improvements in this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Almeida Oliveira
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Diana Praia Borges Freire
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Ana Rodrigues de Andrade
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Amanda de Miranda Marques
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Luciana da Silva Madeira
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - José Procópio Moreno Senna
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Ivna Alana Freitas Brasileiro da Silveira
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Castro Fialho
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
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16
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Hollevoet K, Thomas D, Compernolle G, Vermeire G, De Smidt E, De Vleeschauwer S, Smith TRF, Fisher PD, Dewilde M, Geukens N, Declerck P. Clinically relevant dosing and pharmacokinetics of DNA-encoded antibody therapeutics in a sheep model. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1017612. [PMID: 36263202 PMCID: PMC9574358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1017612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded delivery and in vivo expression of antibody therapeutics presents an innovative alternative to conventional protein production and administration, including for cancer treatment. To support clinical translation, we evaluated this approach in 18 40-45 kg sheep, using a clinical-matched intramuscular electroporation (IM EP) and hyaluronidase-plasmid DNA (pDNA) coformulation setup. Two cohorts of eight sheep received either 1 or 4 mg pDNA encoding an ovine anti-cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (mAb; OVAC). Results showed a dose-response with average maximum serum concentrations of respectively 0.3 and 0.7 µg/ml OVAC, 4-6 weeks after IM EP. OVAC was detected in all 16 sheep throughout the 6-week follow-up, and no anti-OVAC antibodies were observed. Another, more exploratory, cohort of two sheep received a 12 mg pOVAC dose. Both animals displayed a similar dose-dependent mAb increase and expression profile in the first two weeks. However, in one animal, an anti-OVAC antibody response led to loss of mAb detection four weeks after IM EP. In the other animal, no anti-drug antibodies were observed. Serum OVAC concentrations peaked at 4.9 µg/ml 6 weeks after IM EP, after which levels gradually decreased but remained detectable around 0.2 to 0.3 µg/ml throughout a 13-month follow-up. In conclusion, using a delivery protocol that is currently employed in clinical Phase 1 studies of DNA-based antibodies, we achieved robust and prolonged in vivo production of anti-cancer DNA-encoded antibody therapeutics in sheep. The learnings from this large-animal model regarding the impact of pDNA dose and host immune response on the expressed mAb pharmacokinetics can contribute to advancing clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kevin Hollevoet,
| | - Debby Thomas
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Griet Compernolle
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien De Smidt
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Maarten Dewilde
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Martínez-Puente DH, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Zavala-Flores LM, García-García A, Villanueva-Olivo A, Rodríguez-Rocha H, Valdés J, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Loera-Arias MDJ. Plasmid DNA for Therapeutic Applications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091861. [PMID: 36145609 PMCID: PMC9503848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interest in using nucleic acids for therapeutic applications has been increasing. DNA molecules can be manipulated to express a gene of interest for gene therapy applications or vaccine development. Plasmid DNA can be developed to treat different diseases, such as infections and cancer. In most cancers, the immune system is limited or suppressed, allowing cancer cells to grow. DNA vaccination has demonstrated its capacity to stimulate the immune system to fight against cancer cells. Furthermore, plasmids for cancer gene therapy can direct the expression of proteins with different functions, such as enzymes, toxins, and cytotoxic or proapoptotic proteins, to directly kill cancer cells. The progress and promising results reported in animal models in recent years have led to interesting clinical results. These DNA strategies are expected to be approved for cancer treatment in the near future. This review discusses the main strategies, challenges, and future perspectives of using plasmid DNA for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Juan Pérez-Trujillo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Laura Mireya Zavala-Flores
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center (CIBIN) of IMSS, Nuevo Leon Delegation, Monterrey 64720, Mexico
| | - Aracely García-García
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Villanueva-Olivo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Rocha
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV-México, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.d.O.-L.); (M.d.J.L.-A.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4195 (R.M.d.O.-L. & M.d.J.L.-A.)
| | - María de Jesús Loera-Arias
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.d.O.-L.); (M.d.J.L.-A.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4195 (R.M.d.O.-L. & M.d.J.L.-A.)
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18
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Tursi NJ, Reeder SM, Flores-Garcia Y, Bah MA, Mathis-Torres S, Salgado-Jimenez B, Esquivel R, Xu Z, Chu JD, Humeau L, Patel A, Zavala F, Weiner DB. Engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein confer single dose protection in a murine malaria challenge model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14313. [PMID: 35995959 PMCID: PMC9395511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches for malaria prophylaxis remain important. Synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are a promising approach to generate rapid, direct in vivo host-generated mAbs with potential benefits in production simplicity and distribution coupled with genetic engineering. Here, we explore this approach in a malaria challenge model. We engineered germline-reverted DMAbs based on human mAb clones CIS43, 317, and L9 which target a junctional epitope, major repeat, and minor repeat of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) respectively. DMAb variants were encoded into a plasmid vector backbone and their expression and binding profiles were characterized. We demonstrate long-term serological expression of DMAb constructs resulting in in vivo efficacy of CIS43 GL and 317 GL in a rigorous mosquito bite mouse challenge model. Additionally, we engineered an Fc modified variant of CIS43 and L9-based DMAbs to ablate binding to C1q to test the impact of complement-dependent Fc function on challenge outcomes. Complement knockout variant DMAbs demonstrated similar protection to that of WT Fc DMAbs supporting the notion that direct binding to the parasite is sufficient for the protection observed. Further investigation of DMAbs for malaria prophylaxis appears of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Tursi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sophia M Reeder
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shamika Mathis-Torres
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Berenice Salgado-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rianne Esquivel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Chu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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19
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Bellamkonda N, Lambe UP, Sawant S, Nandi SS, Chakraborty C, Shukla D. Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1464. [PMID: 35884770 PMCID: PMC9312515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior to the pandemic of COVID-19 which started in March 2020, there was a well-established understanding about the structure and pathogenesis of previously known Coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. In addition to this, vaccines for various Coronaviruses were available for veterinary use. This knowledge supported the creation of various vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2. Before COVID-19 there are no reports of a vaccine being developed in under a year and no vaccine for preventing coronavirus infection in humans had ever been developed. Approximately nine different technologies are being researched and developed at various levels in order to design an effective COVID-19 vaccine. As the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for generating substantial adaptive immune response, mostly all the vaccine candidates have been targeting the whole spike protein or epitopes of spike protein as a vaccine candidate. In this review, we have compiled the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed by the mechanism of action of various vaccine platforms such as mRNA vaccines, Adenoviral vectored vaccine, inactivated virus vaccines and subunit vaccines in the market. In the end we have also summarized the various adjuvants used in the COVID-19 vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Bellamkonda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | | | - Sonali Sawant
- ICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India; (U.P.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- ICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India; (U.P.L.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Bajpai P, Singh V, Chandele A, Kumar S. Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Provide Novel Insights Into the Neutralization of Variants and Other Human Coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928279. [PMID: 35782120 PMCID: PMC9245455 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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21
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Fausther-Bovendo H, Kobinger G. The road to effective and accessible antibody therapies against Ebola virus. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 54:101210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Qin S, Tang X, Chen Y, Chen K, Fan N, Xiao W, Zheng Q, Li G, Teng Y, Wu M, Song X. mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:166. [PMID: 35597779 PMCID: PMC9123296 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent. This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases. In addition, in vitro transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production, which is more effective, faster in design and production, as well as more flexible and cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer. Based on these extraordinary advantages, mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of the swiftest response to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as the currently devastating pandemic COVID-19. It has always been the scientists’ desire to improve the stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, and delivery system to achieve efficient and safe delivery of mRNA. Excitingly, these scientific dreams have gradually been realized with the rapid, amazing achievements of molecular biology, RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology. In this review, we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics, including their principles, manufacture, application, effects, and shortcomings. We also highlight the importance of mRNA optimization and delivery systems in successful mRNA therapeutics and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing these tools into powerful and versatile tools to combat many genetic, infectious, cancer, and other refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshan Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kepan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Teng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR, Minz S, Sahu KK, Kaurav M, Pradhan M. Dermal nanomedicine: Uncovering the ability of nucleic acid to alleviate autoimmune and other related skin disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Strohl WR, Ku Z, An Z, Carroll SF, Keyt BA, Strohl LM. Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS-CoV-2: From Plasma-Based Therapy to Single Potent Antibodies in the Race to Stay Ahead of the Variants. BioDrugs 2022; 36:231-323. [PMID: 35476216 PMCID: PMC9043892 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is now approaching 2 years old, with more than 440 million people infected and nearly six million dead worldwide, making it the most significant pandemic since the 1918 influenza pandemic. The severity and significance of SARS-CoV-2 was recognized immediately upon discovery, leading to innumerable companies and institutes designing and generating vaccines and therapeutic antibodies literally as soon as recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequence was available. Within months of the pandemic start, several antibodies had been generated, tested, and moved into clinical trials, including Eli Lilly's bamlanivimab and etesevimab, Regeneron's mixture of imdevimab and casirivimab, Vir's sotrovimab, Celltrion's regdanvimab, and Lilly's bebtelovimab. These antibodies all have now received at least Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) and some have received full approval in select countries. To date, more than three dozen antibodies or antibody combinations have been forwarded into clinical trials. These antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 all target the receptor-binding domain (RBD), with some blocking the ability of the RBD to bind human ACE2, while others bind core regions of the RBD to modulate spike stability or ability to fuse to host cell membranes. While these antibodies were being discovered and developed, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have cropped up in real time, altering the antibody landscape on a moving basis. Over the past year, the search has widened to find antibodies capable of neutralizing the wide array of variants that have arisen, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The recent rise and dominance of the Omicron family of variants, including the rather disparate BA.1 and BA.2 variants, demonstrate the need to continue to find new approaches to neutralize the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review highlights both convalescent plasma- and polyclonal antibody-based approaches as well as the top approximately 50 antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, their epitopes, their ability to bind to SARS-CoV-2 variants, and how they are delivered. New approaches to antibody constructs, including single domain antibodies, bispecific antibodies, IgA- and IgM-based antibodies, and modified ACE2-Fc fusion proteins, are also described. Finally, antibodies being developed for palliative care of COVID-19 disease, including the ramifications of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX USA
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25
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Sachdev S, Potočnik T, Rems L, Miklavčič D. Revisiting the role of pulsed electric fields in overcoming the barriers to in vivo gene electrotransfer. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:107994. [PMID: 34930678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are revolutionizing medicine by providing a way to cure hitherto incurable diseases. The scientific and technological advances have enabled the first gene therapies to become clinically approved. In addition, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing record speeds in the development and distribution of gene-based vaccines. For gene therapy to take effect, the therapeutic nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) need to overcome several barriers before they can execute their function of producing a protein or silencing a defective or overexpressing gene. This includes the barriers of the interstitium, the cell membrane, the cytoplasmic barriers and (in case of DNA) the nuclear envelope. Gene electrotransfer (GET), i.e., transfection by means of pulsed electric fields, is a non-viral technique that can overcome these barriers in a safe and effective manner. GET has reached the clinical stage of investigations where it is currently being evaluated for its therapeutic benefits across a wide variety of indications. In this review, we formalize our current understanding of GET from a biophysical perspective and critically discuss the mechanisms by which electric field can aid in overcoming the barriers. We also identify the gaps in knowledge that are hindering optimization of GET in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaurya Sachdev
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Potočnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Rems
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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26
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Zambrano N, Froechlich G, Lazarevic D, Passariello M, Nicosia A, De Lorenzo C, Morelli MJ, Sasso E. High-Throughput Monoclonal Antibody Discovery from Phage Libraries: Challenging the Current Preclinical Pipeline to Keep the Pace with the Increasing mAb Demand. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051325. [PMID: 35267633 PMCID: PMC8909429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used for a broad range of diseases. Rising demand must face with time time-consuming and laborious processes to isolate novel monoclonal antibodies. Next-generation sequencing coupled to phage display provides timely and sustainable high throughput selection strategy to rapidly access novel target. Here, we describe the current NGS-guided strategies to identify potential binders from enriched sub-libraires by applying a user-friendly informatic pipeline to identify and discard false positive clones. Rescue step and strategies to boost mAb yield are also discussed to improve the limiting selection and screening steps. Abstract Monoclonal antibodies are among the most powerful therapeutics in modern medicine. Since the approval of the first therapeutic antibody in 1986, monoclonal antibodies keep holding great expectations for application in a range of clinical indications, highlighting the need to provide timely and sustainable access to powerful screening options. However, their application in the past has been limited by time-consuming and expensive steps of discovery and production. The screening of antibody repertoires is a laborious step; however, the implementation of next-generation sequencing-guided screening of single-chain antibody fragments has now largely overcome this issue. This review provides a detailed overview of the current strategies for the identification of monoclonal antibodies from phage display-based libraries. We also discuss the challenges and the possible solutions to improve the limiting selection and screening steps, in order to keep pace with the increasing demand for monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Margherita Passariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco J. Morelli
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
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27
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Jacquet A. Nucleic acid vaccines and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides for allergen immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:569-575. [PMID: 34387280 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular forms of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are continuously emerging to improve the efficacy of the treatment, to shorten the duration of protocols and to prevent any side effects. The present review covers the recent progress in the development of AIT based on nucleic acid encoding allergens or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN). RECENT FINDINGS Therapeutic vaccinations with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encoding major shrimp Met e 1 or insect For t 2 allergen were effective for the treatment of food or insect bite allergy in respective animal models. DNA expressing hypoallergenic shrimp tropomyosin activated Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells whereas DNA encoding For t 2 down-regulated the expression of pruritus-inducing IL-31. Co-administrations of major cat allergen Fel d 1 with high doses of CpG-ODN reduced Th2 airway inflammation through tolerance induction mediated by GATA3+ Foxp3hi Treg cells as well as early anti-inflammatory TNF/TNFR2 signaling cascade. Non-canonical CpG-ODN derived from Cryptococcus neoformans as well as methylated CpG sites present in the genomic DNA from Bifidobacterium infantis mediated Th1 or Treg cell differentiation respectively. SUMMARY Recent studies on plasmid DNA encoding allergens evidenced their therapeutic potential for the treatment of food allergy and atopic dermatitis. Unmethylated or methylated CpG-ODNs were shown to activate dose-dependent Treg/Th1 responses. Large clinical trials need to be conducted to confirm these promising preclinical data. Moreover, tremendous success of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 must encourage as well the re-exploration of mRNA vaccine platform for innovative AIT.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Desensitization, Immunologic/trends
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/therapy
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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28
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Marschall ALJ. Targeting the Inside of Cells with Biologicals: Chemicals as a Delivery Strategy. BioDrugs 2021; 35:643-671. [PMID: 34705260 PMCID: PMC8548996 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Delivering macromolecules into the cytosol or nucleus is possible in vitro for DNA, RNA and proteins, but translation for clinical use has been limited. Therapeutic delivery of macromolecules into cells requires overcoming substantially higher barriers compared to the use of small molecule drugs or proteins in the extracellular space. Breakthroughs like DNA delivery for approved gene therapies and RNA delivery for silencing of genes (patisiran, ONPATTRO®, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA) or for vaccination such as the RNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrated the feasibility of using macromolecules inside cells for therapy. Chemical carriers are part of the reason why these novel RNA-based therapeutics possess sufficient efficacy for their clinical application. A clear advantage of synthetic chemicals as carriers for macromolecule delivery is their favourable properties with respect to production and storage compared to more bioinspired vehicles like viral vectors or more complex drugs like cellular therapies. If biologicals can be applied to intracellular targets, the druggable space is substantially broadened by circumventing the limited utility of small molecules for blocking protein–protein interactions and the limitation of protein-based drugs to the extracellular space. An in depth understanding of the macromolecular cargo types, carrier types and the cell biology of delivery is crucial for optimal application and further development of biologicals inside cells. Basic mechanistic principles of the molecular and cell biological aspects of cytosolic/nuclear delivery of macromolecules, with particular consideration of protein delivery, are reviewed here. The efficiency of macromolecule delivery and applications in research and therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L J Marschall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.
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Li JQ, Zhang ZR, Zhang HQ, Zhang YN, Zeng XY, Zhang QY, Deng CL, Li XD, Zhang B, Ye HQ. Intranasal delivery of replicating mRNA encoding neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:369. [PMID: 34697295 PMCID: PMC8543430 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the prophylaxis target against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and neutralizing antibodies are a leading class of biological products against various infectious viral pathogen. In this study, we develop a safe and cost-effective platform to express neutralizing antibody in the lung with replicating mRNA basing on alphavirus replicon particle (VRP) delivery system, to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. First, a modified VEEV replicon with two subgenomic (sg) promoters was engineered to translate the light and heavy chains of antibody simultaneously, for expression and assembly of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody CB6. Second, the feasibility and protective efficacy of replicating mRNA against SARS-CoV-2 infection were demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo assays. The lung target delivery with the help of VRP system resulted in efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection with reducing viral titer and less tissue damage in the lung of mice. Overall, our data suggests that expressing neutralizing antibodies in the lungs with the help of self-replicating mRNA could potentially be a promising prophylaxis approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe-Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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30
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Parray HA, Shukla S, Perween R, Khatri R, Shrivastava T, Singh V, Murugavelu P, Ahmed S, Samal S, Sharma C, Sinha S, Luthra K, Kumar R. Inhalation monoclonal antibody therapy: a new way to treat and manage respiratory infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6315-6332. [PMID: 34423407 PMCID: PMC8380517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The route of administration of a therapeutic agent has a substantial impact on its success. Therapeutic antibodies are usually administered systemically, either directly by intravenous route, or indirectly by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. However, treatment of diseases contained within a specific tissue necessitates a better alternate route of administration for targeting localised infections. Inhalation is a promising non-invasive strategy for antibody delivery to treat respiratory maladies because it provides higher concentrations of antibody in the respiratory airways overcoming the constraints of entry through systemic circulation and uncertainity in the amount reaching the target tissue. The nasal drug delivery route is one of the extensively researched modes of administration, and nasal sprays for molecular drugs are deemed successful and are presently commercially marketed. This review highlights the current state and future prospects of inhaled therapies, with an emphasis on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of respiratory infections, as well as an overview of their importance, practical challenges, and clinical trial outcomes.Key points• Immunologic strategies for preventing mucosal transmission of respiratory pathogens.• Mucosal-mediated immunoprophylaxis could play a major role in COVID-19 prevention.• Applications of monoclonal antibodies in passive immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shivangi Shukla
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Reshma Perween
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Vanshika Singh
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Praveenkumar Murugavelu
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
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31
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge for ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections. As we learn more about COVID-19 disease and drug stewardship evolves, there is likely to be a lasting impact of increased use of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics, as well as a lack of consistent access to health care across many populations. Sexually transmitted infections have been underreported during the pandemic and are often caused by some of the most drug-resistant pathogens. In their recent article in mBio, Parzych et al. (E. M. Parzych, S. Gulati, B. Zheng, M. A. Bah, et al., mBio 12:e00242-21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00242-21) focus on protection against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection via in vivo delivery of an antigonococcal DNA-encoded antibody that has been modified for increased complement activation. Nucleic acid approaches are highly adaptable and could be tremendously beneficial for personalized strategies to combat AMR pathogens.
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32
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Kieber-Emmons T. Antibodies are the Forefront of Today's Medicine. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:87-88. [PMID: 34161161 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.29006.editorial] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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33
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Sebastiani F, Yanez Arteta M, Lerche M, Porcar L, Lang C, Bragg RA, Elmore CS, Krishnamurthy VR, Russell RA, Darwish T, Pichler H, Waldie S, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Lindfors L, Cárdenas M. Apolipoprotein E Binding Drives Structural and Compositional Rearrangement of mRNA-Containing Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6709-6722. [PMID: 33754708 PMCID: PMC8155318 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging therapeutic treatments based on the production of proteins by delivering mRNA have become increasingly important in recent times. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are approved vehicles for small interfering RNA delivery, there are still challenges to use this formulation for mRNA delivery. LNPs are typically a mixture of a cationic lipid, distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), cholesterol, and a PEG-lipid. The structural characterization of mRNA-containing LNPs (mRNA-LNPs) is crucial for a full understanding of the way in which they function, but this information alone is not enough to predict their fate upon entering the bloodstream. The biodistribution and cellular uptake of LNPs are affected by their surface composition as well as by the extracellular proteins present at the site of LNP administration, e.g., apolipoproteinE (ApoE). ApoE, being responsible for fat transport in the body, plays a key role in the LNP's plasma circulation time. In this work, we use small-angle neutron scattering, together with selective lipid, cholesterol, and solvent deuteration, to elucidate the structure of the LNP and the distribution of the lipid components in the absence and the presence of ApoE. While DSPC and cholesterol are found to be enriched at the surface of the LNPs in buffer, binding of ApoE induces a redistribution of the lipids at the shell and the core, which also impacts the LNP internal structure, causing release of mRNA. The rearrangement of LNP components upon ApoE incubation is discussed in terms of potential relevance to LNP endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sebastiani
- Biofilms
- Research Center for Biointerfaces and Department of Biomedical Science,
Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö
University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marianna Yanez Arteta
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Michael Lerche
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Large
Scale Structures, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Christian Lang
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS,
Outstation at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ryan A. Bragg
- Early
Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, SK 10 4TG Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- Early Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Venkata R. Krishnamurthy
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 0AA Boston, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Robert A. Russell
- National
Deuteration Facility (NDF), Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, 2232 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National
Deuteration Facility (NDF), Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, 2232 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University
of Technology, NAWI Graz,
BioTechMed Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Waldie
- Biofilms
- Research Center for Biointerfaces and Department of Biomedical Science,
Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö
University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Martine Moulin
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), Grenoble F-38042, France
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Biofilms
- Research Center for Biointerfaces and Department of Biomedical Science,
Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö
University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
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34
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Ulmer JB, Liu MA. Path to Success and Future Impact of Nucleic Acid Vaccines: DNA and mRNA. MOLECULAR FRONTIERS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2529732521400022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 has both astonished the world and raised concerns about their safety, perhaps because many people do not realize the decades’ long efforts for nucleic acid vaccines, both mRNA and DNA vaccines, including the licensure of several veterinary DNA vaccines. This manuscript traces the milestones for nucleic acid vaccine research and development (R&D), with a focus on the immune and safety issues they both raised and answered. The characteristics of the two entities are compared, demonstrating the similarities and differences between them, the advantages and disadvantages, which might lead toward using one or the other technology for different indications. In addition, as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has once again highlighted the importance of One Health, that is, the interactions between animal and human pathogens, focus will also be given to how DNA vaccine utilization and studies both in large domestic animals and in wildlife pave the way for more integrated approaches for vaccines to respond quickly to, and prevent, the global impacts of emerging diseases.
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35
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Parzych EM, Gulati S, Zheng B, Bah MA, Elliott STC, Chu JD, Nowak N, Reed GW, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, Rice PA, Weiner DB, Ram S. Synthetic DNA Delivery of an Optimized and Engineered Monoclonal Antibody Provides Rapid and Prolonged Protection against Experimental Gonococcal Infection. mBio 2021; 12:e00242-21. [PMID: 33727348 PMCID: PMC8092225 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00242-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2C7 recognizes a lipooligosaccharide epitope expressed by most clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and mediates complement-dependent bactericidal activity. We recently showed that a recombinant human IgG1 chimeric variant of MAb 2C7 containing an E430G Fc modification (2C7_E430G), which enhances complement activation, outperformed the parental MAb 2C7 (2C7_WT) in vivo Because natural infection with N. gonorrhoeae often does not elicit protective immunity and reinfections are common, approaches that prolong bacterial control in vivo are of great interest. Advances in DNA-based approaches have demonstrated the combined benefit of genetic engineering, formulation optimizations, and facilitated delivery via CELLECTRA-EP technology, which can induce robust in vivo expression of protective DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) with durable serum activity relative to traditional recombinant MAb therapies. Here, we created optimized 2C7-derived DMAbs encoding the parental Fc (2C7_WT) or complement-enhancing Fc variants (2C7_E430G and 2C7_E345K). 2C7 DMAbs were rapidly generated and detected throughout the 4-month study. While all complement-engaging 2C7 variants facilitated rapid clearance following primary N. gonorrhoeae challenge (day 8 after DMAb administration), the complement-enhancing 2C7_E430G variant demonstrated significantly higher potency against mice rechallenged 65 days after DMAb administration. Passive intravenous transfer of in vivo-produced, purified 2C7 DMAbs confirmed the increased potency of the complement-enhancing variants. This study highlights the ability of the DMAb platform to launch the in vivo production of antibodies engineered to promote and optimize downstream innate effector mechanisms such as complement-mediated killing, leading to hastened bacterial elimination.IMPORTANCENeisseria gonorrhoeae has become resistant to most antibiotics in clinical use. Currently, there is no safe and effective vaccine against gonorrhea. Measures to prevent the spread of gonorrhea are a global health priority. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) called 2C7, directed against a lipooligosaccharide glycan epitope expressed by most clinical isolates, displays complement-dependent bactericidal activity and hastens clearance of gonococcal vaginal colonization in mice. Fc mutations in a human IgG1 chimeric version of MAb 2C7 further enhance complement activation, and the resulting MAb displays greater activity than wild-type MAb 2C7 in vivo Here, we utilized a DNA-encoded MAb (DMAb) construct designed to launch production and assembly of "complement-enhanced" chimeric MAb 2C7 in vivo The ensuing rapid and sustained MAb 2C7 expression attenuated gonococcal colonization in mice at 8 days as well as 65 days postadministration. The DMAb system may provide an effective, economical platform to deliver MAbs for durable protection against gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Parzych
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bo Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah T C Elliott
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Chu
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy Nowak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George W Reed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Janine Schuurman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Rice
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Safe and effective aerosolization of in vitro transcribed mRNA to the respiratory tract epithelium of horses without a transfection agent. Sci Rep 2021; 11:371. [PMID: 33432084 PMCID: PMC7801524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and therapeutics using in vitro transcribed mRNA hold enormous potential for human and veterinary medicine. Transfection agents are widely considered to be necessary to protect mRNA and enhance transfection, but they add expense and raise concerns regarding quality control and safety. We found that such complex mRNA delivery systems can be avoided when transfecting epithelial cells by aerosolizing the mRNA into micron-sized droplets. In an equine in vivo model, we demonstrated that the translation of mRNA into a functional protein did not depend on the addition of a polyethylenimine (PEI)-derived transfection agent. We were able to safely and effectively transfect the bronchial epithelium of foals using naked mRNA (i.e., mRNA formulated in a sodium citrate buffer without a delivery vehicle). Endoscopic examination of the bronchial tree and histology of mucosal biopsies indicated no gross or microscopic adverse effects of the transfection. Our data suggest that mRNA administered by an atomization device eliminates the need for chemical transfection agents, which can reduce the cost and the safety risks of delivering mRNA to the respiratory tract of animals and humans.
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37
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Hussen J, Kandeel M, Hemida MG, Al-Mubarak AIA. Antibody-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies for COVID-19. Pathogens 2020; 9:E917. [PMID: 33167401 PMCID: PMC7694378 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global efforts to contain the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) include the development of novel preventive vaccines and effective therapeutics. Passive antibody therapies using convalescent plasma, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2)-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are among the most promising strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, several immunomodulatory antibodies acting via several mechanisms to boost the host immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as to avoid the harmful overreaction of the immune system are currently under clinical trial. Our main objective is to present the current most up-to-date progress in some clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. We highlight the pros and pitfalls of several SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (J.H.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (J.H.); (M.G.H.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (J.H.); (M.G.H.)
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38
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Biswas M, Yamazaki T, Chiba J, Akashi-Takamura S. Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Influenza: Passive Immunotherapy and Intranasal Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030424. [PMID: 32751206 PMCID: PMC7565570 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. The high diversity of viral envelope proteins permits viruses to escape host immunity. Therefore, the development of a universal vaccine and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is essential for controlling various mutant viruses. Here, we review some potentially valuable bnAbs for influenza; one is a novel passive immunotherapy using a variable domain of heavy chain-only antibody (VHH), and the other is polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) induced by intranasal vaccination. Recently, it was reported that a tetravalent multidomain antibody (MDAb) was developed by genetic fusion of four VHHs, which are bnAbs against the influenza A or B viruses. The transfer of a gene encoding the MDAb–Fc fusion protein provided cross-protection against both influenza A and B viruses in vivo. An intranasal universal influenza vaccine, which can induce neutralizing pIgAs in the upper respiratory tract, is currently undergoing clinical studies. A recent study has revealed that tetrameric IgAs formed in nasal mucosa are more broadly protective against influenza than the monomeric and dimeric forms. These broadly neutralizing antibodies have high potential to control the currently circulating influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjoy Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; (M.B.); (S.A.-T.)
| | - Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; (M.B.); (S.A.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-56-162-3311
| | - Joe Chiba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Akashi-Takamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; (M.B.); (S.A.-T.)
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39
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Andrews CD, Huang Y, Ho DD, Liberatore RA. In vivo expressed biologics for infectious disease prophylaxis: rapid delivery of DNA-based antiviral antibodies. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1523-1533. [PMID: 32579067 PMCID: PMC7473320 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1787108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing frequency, humans are facing outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) with the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. In the most extreme instances, such outbreaks can become pandemics, as we are now witnessing with COVID-19. According to the World Health Organization, this new disease, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has already infected more than 10 million people worldwide and led to 499,913 deaths as of 29 June, 2020. How high these numbers will eventually go depends on many factors, including policies on travel and movement, availability of medical support, and, because there is no vaccine or highly effective treatment, the pace of biomedical research. Other than an approved antiviral drug that can be repurposed, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold the most promise for providing a stopgap measure to lessen the impact of an outbreak while vaccines are in development. Technical advances in mAb identification, combined with the flexibility and clinical experience of mAbs in general, make them ideal candidates for rapid deployment. Furthermore, the development of mAb cocktails can provide a faster route to developing a robust medical intervention than searching for a single, outstanding mAb. In addition, mAbs are well-suited for integration into platform technologies for delivery, in which minimal components need to be changed in order to be redirected against a novel pathogen. In particular, utilizing the manufacturing and logistical benefits of DNA-based platform technologies in order to deliver one or more antiviral mAbs has the potential to revolutionize EID responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicans and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicans and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Parzych E, Weiner DB. Nucleic acid approaches to antibody-based therapeutics for COVID-19: A perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:537-540. [PMID: 32623068 PMCID: PMC7332441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Parzych
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.
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