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Miao S, Bekker P, Armas D, Lor M, Hanada R, Okamura S, Umezawa Y, Trivedi A. Food Effect and Pharmacokinetic Bridging of Avacopan in Caucasian and Japanese Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 38993035 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Avacopan 30 mg twice daily (BID) is approved for the treatment of severe active antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis). Food effect on avacopan pharmacokinetics (PKs) and PK bridging in Japanese participants were examined through 2 phase 1 studies involving healthy adult participants. In Study 1, an open-label, crossover trial, participants received oral administration of a single 30-mg dose of avacopan under fasted and fed conditions. Study 2 was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Caucasian and Japanese participants: Part A investigated single doses of 10 and 30 mg of avacopan under fasted and fed conditions and Part B investigated 30 and 50 mg BID avacopan. The PKs of single-dose administrations of 10 and 30 mg in Japanese participants was compared with that in Caucasian participants under fasted conditions. Food substantially increased plasma avacopan area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to time infinity (AUC0-inf) by 1.72-fold, supporting the recommendation of taking avacopan with food. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) remained relatively unchanged. The median time to reach Cmax (tmax) was delayed by 3 hours. No significant food effect was observed on the active metabolite CCX168-M1 (M1) AUC. Avacopan and M1 exposures were <1.5-fold higher in Japanese participants than in Caucasian participants following multiple-dose administration of avacopan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Lor
- Celerion, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Zhang C, Liang R, Liu D, Wang X, Yang S, Hu Q, Wen Q, Zhao H. Pharmacokinetics of Nitazoxanide Dry Suspensions After Single Oral Doses in Healthy Subjects: Food Effects Evaluation and Bioequivalence Study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:748-754. [PMID: 38573189 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an effective antiparasitic drug with potent antiviral and antimicrobial activity. This randomized, open-label, 2-sequence, 2-period crossover trial was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) of the NTZ dry suspension in healthy subjects and investigated the effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of tizoxanide (an active metabolite of NTZ, TIZ). Sixty healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled and received a single dose of 500 mg/25 mL of preparations on days 1 and 4 under overnight fasting or fed conditions, respectively. The plasma concentration of TIZ was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters were calculated using WinNonlin 8.2 and BE was evaluated using SAS 9.4. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratio (test/reference) of maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t), and the area under the curve from time 0 to extrapolation to infinity (AUC0-∞) were all within the equivalent interval of 80%-125%, compliant with BE requirements. In comparison with fasting, on taking the reference and test preparations of the NTZ dry suspension after a meal, the AUC0-t increased by 48.9% and 47.3%, respectively, the AUC0-∞ increased by 48.4% and 48.3%, respectively, and the post-meal Tmax was prolonged by 1.8-2 hours. Our results demonstrate that the test and reference preparations were bioequivalent. High-fat meals significantly improve the degree of drug absorption and delay the rate of drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenning Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dejie Liu
- Shandong Rui Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Shandong Rui Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Shandong Rui Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Qingwen Hu
- Shandong Rui Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Evans AM, Fornasini G, Meola TR, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Polasek TM, Reuter SE. Impact of Food on the Oral Absorption of N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine in Healthy Men and Women. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 38899758 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) is an endogenous monosaccharide and precursor of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a critical sialic acid. ManNAc is currently under clinical development to treat GNE myopathy, a rare muscle-wasting disease. In this randomized, open-label, 2-sequence, crossover study, 16 healthy women and men were administered a single oral dose of ManNAc under fasting and fed conditions. Blood samples were collected for 48 hours after dosing for quantification of plasma ManNAc and Neu5Ac concentrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic and deconvolution analyses were performed using baseline-corrected plasma concentration data. Administration of ManNAc in the fed state resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in ManNAc exposure, compared to fasting conditions. A concurrent increase in Neu5Ac exposure was observed in the presence of food. Deconvolution analysis indicated that the findings were attributed to prolonged absorption rather than an enhanced rate of absorption. The impact of food on ManNAc pharmacokinetics was greater in women than men (fed/fasted area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity mean ratio: 198% compared to 121%). It is hypothesized that the presence of food slows gastric emptying, allowing a gradual release of ManNAc into the small intestine, translating into improved ManNAc absorption. The results suggest that taking ManNAc with food may enhance its therapeutic activity and/or reduce the daily dosage requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Evans
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Tahlia R Meola
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Polasek
- Certara, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie E Reuter
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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4
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Cao B, Ma T, Zhang Y, Huang L, Lin H, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Geng Y, Yang Y, Cao S, Li J. The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of Sutetinib maleate capsule, an irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in healthy Chinese subjects. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:289-298. [PMID: 38602625 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sutetinib is an irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and showed favorable efficacy and safety in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring nondrug-resistant rare EGFR mutations. To evaluate the potential food effect, eighteen healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled in a single-centre, randomized, open-label, two-sequence, two-period crossover study. Sutetinib was administered as a single oral 100 mg under fasting or fed conditions, and pharmacokinetic sampling was performed following each dose and analysed by a validated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated. Food intake slightly decreased maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0 - inf) of sutetinib (geometric least-squares mean [GLSM] ratio, 80.94% and 86.11%; 90% confidence interval [CI], 68.43-95.72 and 75.88-97.73) and its active metabolite sutetinib N-Oxide (GLSM ratio, 75.58% and 84.00%; 90% CI, 65.69-86.95 and 75.42-93.56), respectively. In addition, the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of both sutetinib and its metabolite has been prolonged by 2 h under fed conditions. A total of 31 adverse events (AEs) occurred during the study, with no serious adverse events (SAE) reported, and no obvious difference was observed between the fasting and fed groups. Our results demonstrated that a high-fat and high-calorie diet caused a significant delay in drug absorption and a marginal reduction in drug exposure. Sutetinib was generally well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. (This trial was registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn . The registration No. is CTR20201933, and the date of registration is 2020-10-16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cao
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Suzhong pharmaceutical group co., LTD, 22550, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Suzhong pharmaceutical group co., LTD, 22550, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanxun Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Sumin Cao
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Suzhong pharmaceutical group co., LTD, 22550, Taizhou, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Gulou District, 210008, Nanjing, China.
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Sarwinska D, Grimm M, Krause J, Schick P, Gollasch M, Mannaa M, Ritter CA, Weitschies W. Investigation of real-life drug intake behaviour in older adults and geriatric patients in Northern Germany - A biopharmaceutical perspective. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106814. [PMID: 38815699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dosing conditions (type and amount of accompanying fluid, the type of food, the time of administration, and dosage form modifications such as crushing tablets) are critical and affect the performance of oral dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract and thus bioavailability. Because older adults are the primary users of medications and are more susceptible to adverse effects, it is important to understand how they take their medications in order to reduce risks and increase benefits of the pharmacotherapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the real-life drug intake behaviour in geriatric patients and older adults and discuss their influence on drug absorption after oral administration. The data from two settings home vs. hospital and genders women vs. men were presented. A questionnaire study was performed among people aged at least 65 years from two settings (hospital vs. home), recruited mostly from community pharmacies and a regional hospital in Mecklenburg - Western Pomerania. The obtained data demonstrates that older adults and geriatric patients take their medications in the same way regardless of the setting and gender. There were no significant differences. Interviewed participants were mostly adherent to the doctor's recommendations and mostly took their medications in the same way every day. Medications are most commonly taken with a small (100 mL) or large (200 mL) glass of noncarbonated water, after food (during or after breakfast 64 % of intakes in the morning and during or after dinner 81 % of intakes in the evening). Meal usually consisted of bread, either with jam or honey (breakfast), or ham and cheese (dinner). All reported dosage form modifications were made to tablets. In almost all cases it was splitting the tablet, which was performed due to doctor's indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sarwinska
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marwan Mannaa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Li Y, Huang Y, Fu X, Xia J, Su J, Gu W, Liu W, Jian J, Xu Z. Bioequivalence Study of Atenolol Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 38742472 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Atenolol, a cardioselective β1-blocker, exhibits efficacy in treating cardiovascular diseases. We conducted a single-center, randomized, open, single-dose, 2-preparation, 2-cycle, 2-sequence, double-crossover trial with a 7-day washout period to investigate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence (BE), and safety of test and reference atenolol tablets (25 mg) in healthy Chinese volunteers. Forty-eight healthy participants were randomized into the fasting and fed arms. After administering a single oral dose of the test or reference formulation (25 mg), plasma atenolol concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from concentration-time profiles. In total, 23 and 24 individuals were included in the fasting and fed arms, respectively. The mean concentration-time profiles for both formulations were similar, and Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were within the BE range of 80%-125%. Thirteen adverse events (AEs) were observed in 7 participants in the fasting arm; 1 withdrew from the trial early owing to an AE. In the fed arm, 20 AEs were observed in 8 participants, and none withdrew from the trial. All adverse reactions were grade I, with no serious AEs or deaths. Therefore, the 2 tablets are bioequivalent in healthy Chinese individuals under fasting and fed conditions, supporting their further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xihua Fu
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Infection Medicine Research Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Su
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Gu
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiong Liu
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Jian
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuoheng Xu
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Castro-Balado A, Varela-Rey I, Mejuto B, Mondelo-García C, Zarra-Ferro I, Rodríguez-Jato T, Fernández-Ferreiro A. Updated antimicrobial dosing recommendations for obese patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0171923. [PMID: 38526051 PMCID: PMC11064535 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01719-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in the last few decades. Pathophysiological changes in obese patients lead to pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) alterations that can condition the correct exposure to antimicrobials if standard dosages are used. Inadequate dosing in obese patients can lead to toxicity or therapeutic failure. In recent years, additional antimicrobial PK/PD data, extended infusion strategies, and studies in critically ill patients have made it possible to obtain data to provide a better dosage in obese patients. Despite this, it is usually difficult to find information on drug dosing in this population, which is sometimes contradictory. This is a comprehensive review of the dosing of different types of antimicrobials (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antituberculosis drugs) in obese patients, where the literature on PK and possible dosing strategies in obese adults was critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Castro-Balado
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Varela-Rey
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mejuto
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Mondelo-García
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Zarra-Ferro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodríguez-Jato
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Martorana F, Sanò MV, Valerio MR, Fogli S, Vigneri P, Danesi R, Gebbia V. Abemaciclib pharmacology and interactions in the treatment of HR+/HER2- breast cancer: a critical review. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2024; 15:20420986231224214. [PMID: 38665218 PMCID: PMC11044790 DOI: 10.1177/20420986231224214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abemaciclib (ABE) in combination with endocrine therapy represents the mainstay treatment for either endocrine-resistant metastatic or high-risk early-stage HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients. Hence, an adequate knowledge of this agent pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and of its drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is crucial for an optimal patients management. Additionally, ABE interference with food and complementary/alternative medicines should be taken into account in the clinical practice. Several online tools allow to freely check DDIs and can be easily consulted before prescribing ABE. According to one of this instruments, ABE display the lowest number of interactions among the available cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors. Still, clinicians should be aware that online tools cannot replace the technical datasheet of the drug as well as a comprehensive clinical assessment for each patient. Here we critically review the main pharmacological features of ABE, then focusing on its potential interactions with drugs, food, and alternative medicine, in order to provide a guide for its optimal use in the treatment of HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Vita Sanò
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Valerio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gebbia
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Piazza dell’Università, Enna 94100, Italy
- Casa di Cura Torina, Palermo, Italy
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Renaud D, Höller A, Michel M. Potential Drug-Nutrient Interactions of 45 Vitamins, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Associated Dietary Compounds with Acetylsalicylic Acid and Warfarin-A Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 38612984 PMCID: PMC11013948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In cardiology, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and warfarin are among the most commonly used prophylactic therapies against thromboembolic events. Drug-drug interactions are generally well-known. Less known are the drug-nutrient interactions (DNIs), impeding drug absorption and altering micronutritional status. ASA and warfarin might influence the micronutritional status of patients through different mechanisms such as binding or modification of binding properties of ligands, absorption, transport, cellular use or concentration, or excretion. Our article reviews the drug-nutrient interactions that alter micronutritional status. Some of these mechanisms could be investigated with the aim to potentiate the drug effects. DNIs are seen occasionally in ASA and warfarin and could be managed through simple strategies such as risk stratification of DNIs on an individual patient basis; micronutritional status assessment as part of the medical history; extensive use of the drug-interaction probability scale to reference little-known interactions, and application of a personal, predictive, and preventive medical model using omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renaud
- DIU MAPS, Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- DIU MAPS, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Fundacja Recover, 05-124 Skrzeszew, Poland
| | - Alexander Höller
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Michel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics III—Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Logrippo S, Ganzetti R, Sestili M, Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Enteral Delivery of Pravastatin Sodium Tablets: Effect of Compounding into a Liquid Form and Co-Administration of Enteral Nutrition. PHARMACY 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 38392939 PMCID: PMC10892702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compounding solid oral dosage forms into liquid preparations is a common practice for administering drug therapy to patients with swallowing difficulties. This is particularly relevant for those on enteral nutrition, where factors such as the administration procedure and co-administration of enteral nutrition play crucial roles in effective drug delivery. Due to the limited studies focused on this practice, the impact of co-administered nutrition remains unclear. METHODS Pravastatin tablets were compounded into two liquid formulations and administered through three independent tubes for ten cycles. The drug amount was quantified upstream and downstream of the tubes both with and without different (fiber content) nutritional boluses. RESULTS The compounding procedure did not lower the drug amount with respect to the original tablets. However, when the liquid formulation was pumped through the tubes, a statistically significant reduction in the pravastatin administered (between 4.6% and 11.3%) was observed. The co-administration of different nutritional boluses or the compounding procedure did not affect the general results. CONCLUSIONS Pravastatin loss appears unavoidable when administered via the enteral tube. Although, in this case, the loss was of limited clinical relevance, it is important not to underestimate this phenomenon, especially with drugs having a narrow therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Logrippo
- Hospital Pharmacy, Santa Maria della Stella Hospital, USL Umbria 2, 05018 Orvieto, Italy;
- Hospital Pharmacy, Engles Profili Hospital, AST Ancona, 60044 Fabriano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ganzetti
- Hospital Pharmacy, Carlo Urbani Hospital, AST Ancona, 60035 Jesi, Italy;
| | - Matteo Sestili
- Territorial Pharmaceutical Service, AST Ancona, 60035 Jesi, Italy;
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- CHIP Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- CHIP Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- CHIP Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
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Yang Z, Mi X, Li Q, Chen L, Zeng Y, Du P, Liu L, Liu S, Zeng C, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Xiong Y, Li N, Ze Q, Chen J, He Y. Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Study of Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet Under Fasting and Postprandial Conditions in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:160-167. [PMID: 37718674 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and safety of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/12.5 mg) tablets in the test and reference formulations administered to participants in both fasting and postprandial states and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the 2 products in healthy Chinese volunteers. This study employed a single-center, randomized, open-label, single-dose dosing trial involving a cumulative 96 healthy adult participants (60 in the fasting group and 36 in the postprandial group). Each group comprised 2 sequence sets, and a 2-week washout period was implemented. There were no statistically significant differences in time to maximum concentration and terminal elimination half-life between the test and control groups under fasting and postprandial conditions (P > .05), and the 90% CIs for area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration were within the bioequivalence range of 80%-125%. Pharmacokinetic results indicate a large food effect for lisinopril, meaning that there is a loss of approximately 20%-25% of systemic exposure from fasting to postprandial administration for both preparations. The study demonstrated that a single oral dose of generic lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide is bioequivalent to the reference product and well tolerated, with no significant adverse events observed, and that both products are similarly safe in a cohort of healthy Chinese male and female participants, following administration under fasting and postprandial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Yang
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Mi
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Qin Li
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Du
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shijing Liu
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiuyuan Ze
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiyu Chen
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan He
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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12
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Song H, Qiu B, Sun X, Guo C, Hu Y, Bai W, Dong Z. Effect of High-Fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Valsartan/Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination Tablets in Healthy Subjects. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:43-51. [PMID: 38225972 PMCID: PMC10789575 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s423374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fat meal on the pharmacokinetics and safety of 80/5 mg valsartan/amlodipine tablets in healthy subjects. Subjects and Methods These results were derived from a bioequivalence trial where subjects were randomly assigned to take valsartan/amlodipine 80/5mg under fed conditions or after a high-fat meal contained 978.6 kilocalories (54.6% from fat). The blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of valsartan/amlodipine were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The non-compartmental module of Phoenix WinNonlin Version 8.2 was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. The BE module of WinNonLin was used to analyze the statistics of the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to the last quantifiable time point (AUC0-t), and the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity(AUC0-∞) in plasma. 88 healthy subjects were enrolled and divided into in a fasted group and a fed group. Results The Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of valsartan in plasma under fed conditions were 51%, 56%, and 57% lower, respectively, than those under fasted conditions, and the 90% confidence interval (90% CI) were outside the 80.00-125.00% range. All the pharmacokinetic parameters for amlodipine under fed conditions were similar to those observed under fasted conditions, and the 90% CIs were within the 80.00-125.00% range. The incidence of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) was similar between the fasted group and the fed group, while adverse drug reaction (ADR) was more frequent in the fasted group which may be related to the higher blood concentrations of valsartan, but all were mild. Conclusion The result indicated that the high-fat meal had a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of valsartan, but no effect on amlodipine. All treatments were safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects under fed and fasted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojing Song
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihui Guo
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiting Hu
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Bai
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Dong
- Department of Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Lei Y, Yan Y, Lu J, Li C, Wang J, Li C, Huang L, Wang C, Liu W, Li X, Chen W, Xia M, Chen L. Bioequivalence of Blonanserin Tablets Under Fasting and Fed Conditions in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:103-110. [PMID: 37740592 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Blonanserin is a novel oral antischizophrenic drug. Under fasting (n = 50) and fed (n = 60) conditions, this study compared the bioequivalence of the generic blonanserin tablet with the reference blonanserin tablet. In this single-center, randomized, open-label, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover study, 110 patients were randomly given a 4-mg dose of either the test or reference blonanserin tablet with a 14-day washout period. Blood samples were taken before performing and up to 72 hours following. A validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique was used to measure the levels of blonanserin in plasma. Safety was evaluated throughout the study. The study found no significant differences in the maximum observed drug concentration in the plasma (Cmax ), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last sampling time (AUC0-t ), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) between the 2 blonanserin formulations. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the test/reference formulations for Cmax , AUC0-t , and AUC0-∞ were within the 80%-125% limit. Food dramatically raised blonanserin exposure, and also significantly prolonged the lag time of absorption. No serious adverse events occurred. These results indicate that the 2 blonanserin formulations were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to consider the food effect of blonanserin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Lei
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Junli Lu
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Li
- Changsha Phamark Data Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shijiazhuang No.4 Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Canxia Li
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Phase I, Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha DUXACT Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha DUXACT Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Man Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha DUXACT Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha DUXACT Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
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Tachibana M, Matsuki S, Toyama K, Maekawa Y, Fukae M, Shimizu T, Tsutsumi J, Shinohara S, Ishizuka H. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Valemetostat Tablets and the Effect of Food on Valemetostat Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Subjects: Two Phase 1 Studies. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:77-86. [PMID: 37565616 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Valemetostat is an oral, selective inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2) and EZH1. In a first-in-human phase-1 trial, valemetostat capsules were well tolerated and clinically active in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Subsequently, a film-coated tablet formulation was developed for future clinical trials and commercialization. We report outcomes from 2 phase 1 trials in healthy Japanese participants, assessing the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of valemetostat tablets at single ascending doses (50, 100, and 200-mg), the relative bioavailability between capsules and tablets, and the effect of food (high-fat or low-fat meals) on the PK of valemetostat tablets. In the ascending-dose study, valemetostat maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased dose-proportionally. Valemetostat plasma PK parameters were similar between the capsule and tablet formulations following a single 200-mg dose. Administration of valemetostat, 200 mg after a meal, was associated with 50%-60% lower Cmax , 30%-50% lower AUC, and a median Tmax delay of 2.5-3 hours relative to fasted administration. Valemetostat was well tolerated in healthy subjects; treatment-emergent adverse events were mild (grade 1) in severity. Based on these trials, the tablet formulation of valemetostat is suitable for use in subsequent clinical trials and should be administered under fasted conditions to avoid a negative food effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Tachibana
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Toyama
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Maekawa
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fukae
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Shimizu
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tsutsumi
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shinohara
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishizuka
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Silva LL, Stratford RE, Messmann R, Kelley MR, Quinney SK. Bridging population pharmacokinetic and semimechanistic absorption modeling of APX3330. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:106-117. [PMID: 37884051 PMCID: PMC10787204 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
APX3330 ((2E)-2-[(4,5-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl)methylene]-undecanoic acid), a selective inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1, has been investigated in treatment of hepatitis, cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema. APX3330 is administered orally as a quinone but is rapidly converted to the hydroquinone form. This study describes the pharmacokinetics of APX3330 and explores effect of food on absorption. Total plasma quinone concentrations of APX3330 were obtained following oral administration from studies in healthy Japanese male subjects (single dose-escalation; multiple-dose; food-effect) and patients with cancer patients. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was performed using Monolix to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters and assess covariate effects. To further evaluate the effect of food on absorption, a semi-physiologic pharmacokinetic model was developed in Gastroplus to delineate effects of food on dissolution and absorption. A two-compartment, first order absorption model with lag time best described plasma concentration-time profiles from 49 healthy Japanese males. Weight was positively correlated with apparent clearance (CL/F) and volume. Administration with food led to an 80% higher lag time. CL/F was 41% higher in the cancer population. The semi-physiologic model indicates a switch from dissolution-rate control of absorption in the fasted-state to gastric emptying rate determining absorption rate in the fed-state. Oral clearance of APX3330 is higher in patients with cancer than healthy Japanese males, possibly due to reduced serum albumin in patients with cancer. Delayed APX3330 absorption with food may be related to higher conversion to the more soluble but less permeable hydroquinone form in the gastrointestinal tract. Future work should address pharmacokinetic differences between APX3330 quinone and hydroquinone forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L. Silva
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianaIndianapolisUSA
| | - Robert E. Stratford
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianaIndianapolisUSA
| | | | - Mark R. Kelley
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology and ToxicologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of PediatricsHerman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sara K. Quinney
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianaIndianapolisUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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16
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Zhang T, Tao Y, Pu J, Zhu M, Wan L, Tang C. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral (S)-oxiracetam in Chinese healthy volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106621. [PMID: 37898393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE (S)-oxiracetam is the major active enantiomer of oxiracetam, which is being developed for dementia. This trial was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral (S)-oxiracetam in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS A randomized, controlled, double-blind and dose-escalation design was used in this Phase I trial, which consisted of a single-ascending-dose (SAD) study (400-2000 mg) and a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) study (400-1600 mg). Blood, urine and feces samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs). RESULTS AEs in both studies were mild or moderate in severity and dose-independent. In the SAD study, no chiral transformation was observed. 55.03% and 36.16% of (S)-oxiracetam was excreted unchanged in urine and feces, respectively. Exposures exhibited dose-proportional increases over the range of 400 to 1600 mg but almost unchanged from 1600 to 2000 mg. (S)-oxiracetam was absorbed rapidly, reaching a peak at 0.75-1.00 h, and t1/2 was 6.12-6.60 h. Food had no effect on AUC, but prolonged Tmax to 3.00 h. In the MAD study, steady-state was observed on day 5. Mild accumulations were observed after 7 days of repeated dosing. CONCLUSION (S)-oxiracetam was safe and tolerated with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles at all study doses, providing dosing evidence for further efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junliang Pu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Mingxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Chengyong Tang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, 402760, China.
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17
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Rivas García F, Martínez RJG, Camarasa FJH, Cerdá JCM, Messeguer FL, Gallardo MLV. A Narrative Review: Analysis of Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition in Adults at the End of Life. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 38256898 PMCID: PMC10820363 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
"End of life" is a stage defined by the existence of an irreversible prognosis that ends with a person's death. One of the aspects of interest regarding end of life focuses on parenteral nutrition, which is usually administered in order to avoid malnutrition and associated complications. However, parenteral nutrition can be adapted to specific circumstances and evolve in its functionality through supplementation with certain nutrients that can have a beneficial effect. This narrative review aims to carry out a situation analysis of the role that could be adopted by supplemental parenteral nutrition in attenuating alterations typical of end of life and potential improvement in quality of life.
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18
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Pamshong SR, Bhatane D, Sarnaik S, Alexander A. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: An emerging approach in overcoming the challenges with oral delivery of proteins and peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113613. [PMID: 37913702 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides (PPs), as therapeutics are widely explored in the past few decades, by virtue of their inherent advantages like high specificity and biocompatibility with minimal side effects. However, owing to their macromolecular size, poor membrane permeability, and high enzymatic susceptibility, the effective delivery of PPs is often challenging. Moreover, their subjection to varying environmental conditions, when administered orally, results in PPs denaturation and structural conformation, thereby lowering their bioavailability. Hence, for effective delivery with enhanced bioavailability, protection of PPs using nanoparticle-based delivery system has gained a growing interest. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with their tailored morphology and pore size, high surface area, easy surface modification, versatile loading capacity, excellent thermal stability, and good biocompatibility, are eligible candidates for the effective delivery of macromolecules to the target site. This review highlights the different barriers hindering the oral absorption of PPs and the various strategies available to overcome them. In addition, the potential benefits of MSNs, along with their diversifying role in controlling the loading of PPs and their release under the influence of specific stimuli, are also discussed in length. Further, the tuning of MSNs for enhanced gene transfection efficacy is also highlighted. Since extensive research is ongoing in this area, this review is concluded with an emphasis on the potential risks of MSNs that need to be addressed prior to their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rose Pamshong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Dhananjay Bhatane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Santosh Sarnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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van der Heijden LT, Steeghs N, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR, Dorlo TPC. The use of microtracers in food-effect trials: An alternative study design for toxic drugs with long half-lives exemplified by the case for alectinib. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2557-2564. [PMID: 37828717 PMCID: PMC10719472 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional design of food-effect studies has a high patient burden for toxic drugs with long half-lives (e.g., anticancer agents). Microtracers could be used to assess food-effect in patients without influencing their ongoing treatment. The feasibility of a microtracer food-effect study during steady-state of the therapeutic drug was investigated in an in silico simulation study with alectinib as an example for a relative toxic drug with a long half-life. Microtracer pharmacokinetics were simulated based on a previously published population pharmacokinetic model and used for estimation of a model with and a model without food as a covariate on oral bioavailability of alectinib (assuming a 40% food-effect). Power was defined as the fraction of clinical trials where a significant (p < 0.01) food-effect was identified. The proposed study design of 10 patients on steady-state treatment, 10 blood samples collected within 24 h after administration and an assumed food-effect of 40% had a power of 99.9%. The mean estimated food-effect was 39.8% (80% confidence interval: 31.0%-48.6%). The feasibility of microtracer food-effect studies was demonstrated. The design of the microtracer food-effect study allowed estimation of the food-effect with minimal influence on therapeutic treatment and reducing patient burden compared to the traditional study design for toxic drugs with long half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. T. van der Heijden
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - N. Steeghs
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. H. Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Pharmaco‐epidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - A. D. R. Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacologyPrincess Maxima CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - T. P. C. Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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20
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Sharma S, Kogan C, Varma MVS, Prasad B. Analysis of the interplay of physiological response to food intake and drug properties in food-drug interactions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 53:100518. [PMID: 37856928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of food on oral drug absorption is determined by the complex interplay among gut physiological factors and drug properties. The currently used dissolution testing and classification systems (biopharmaceutics classification system, BCS or biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system, BDDCS) do not account for dynamic changes in gastrointestinal physiology caused by food intake. This study aimed to identify key drug properties that influence food effect (FE) using supervised machine learning approaches. The analysis showed that drugs with high logP, dose number, and extraction ratio have a higher probability of positive FE, while drugs with low permeability and high efflux saturation index have a greater likelihood of negative FE. Weakly acidic drugs also showed a greater probability of positive FE, particularly at pKa >4.3. The importance of drug properties in predicting FE was ranked as logP, dose number, extraction ratio, pKa, and permeability. The accuracy of FE prediction using the models was compared with BCS and extended clearance classification system (ECCS). Overall, the likelihood or magnitude of FE depends on physiological changes to food intake such as altered bile acid secretion rate, intestinal metabolism, transport kinetics, and gastric emptying time, which should be considered along with drug properties (e.g., solubility, logP, and ionization) in predicting FE of orally administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Clark Kogan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Statistical Education and Research (CISER), Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Li C, Wu M, Zhang H, Zhu X, Fu L, Wang S, Lu M, Zhong D, Ding Y. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of forsythin in healthy subjects: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled single-dose and multiple-dose escalation and food effect study. Ann Med 2023; 55:2274512. [PMID: 37980573 PMCID: PMC10836277 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2274512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forsythin, an active compound from Forsythiae Fructus, has the potential to treat the common cold and influenza through its antipyretic-analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of forsythin were evaluated in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS This phase 1a study included three parts: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled single-ascending-dose (SAD) (50, 100, 200, 400, 600 or 800 mg), food effect investigation (100 mg) and multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) (50, 100 or 200 mg TID for 5 days). RESULTS Forsythin is safe and tolerable in healthy Chinese subjects. The rates of adverse events (AEs) in the forsythin cohort were similar to those in the placebo cohort. Forsythin is well-absorbed after single or multiple doses and is extensively metabolized. The primary metabolites were aglycone M1, M1 sulphate (M2) and M1 glucuronide (M7). Exposure to forsythin (100 mg) was higher after food intake by approximately 1.4-fold, whereas M2 and M7 did not change. The steady state was reached around three days in the MAD study. Forsythin, M2 and M7 accumulation on day 5 was 1, 3 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The safety and PK profiles of forsythin support further evaluation of its efficacy in individuals with the common cold or influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Fu
- Dalian Fusheng Institute of Natural Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Dalian Fusheng Institute of Natural Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Mingming Lu
- Dalian Fusheng Institute of Natural Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Lacruz-Pleguezuelos B, Piette O, Garranzo M, Pérez-Serrano D, Milešević J, Espinosa-Salinas I, Ramírez de Molina A, Laguna T, Carrillo de Santa Pau E. FooDrugs: a comprehensive food-drug interactions database with text documents and transcriptional data. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad075. [PMID: 37951712 PMCID: PMC10640380 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Food-drug interactions (FDIs) occur when a food item alters the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug. FDIs can be clinically relevant, as they can hamper or enhance the therapeutic effects of a drug and impact both their efficacy and their safety. However, knowledge of FDIs in clinical practice is limited. This is partially due to the lack of resources focused on FDIs. Here, we describe FooDrugs, a database that centralizes FDI knowledge retrieved from two different approaches: a natural processing language pipeline that extracts potential FDIs from scientific documents and clinical trials and a molecular similarity approach based on the comparison of gene expression alterations caused by foods and drugs. FooDrugs database stores a total of 3 430 062 potential FDIs, with 1 108 429 retrieved from scientific documents and 2 321 633 inferred from molecular data. This resource aims to provide researchers and clinicians with a centralized repository for potential FDI information that is free and easy to use. Database URL: https://zenodo.org/records/8192515 Database DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6638469.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Piette
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marco Garranzo
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Serrano
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, PAK 104 201, Belgrade 11 158, Serbia
- Capacity Development in Nutrition—CAPNUTRA, Trnska 3, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Isabel Espinosa-Salinas
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Teresa Laguna
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
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23
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Chen W, Ruan Z, Lou H, Yang D, Chen J, Shao R, Jiang B. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to characterize enterohepatic recirculation and predict food effect on the pharmacokinetics of hyzetimibe. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106576. [PMID: 37678518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hyzetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor indicated for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to describe the multiple-peak pharmacokinetics (PK) of hyzetimibe and its active metabolite M1 through physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, and to compare the model predictions of a virtual food effect study with the results of a clinical food effect study. METHODS The plasma concentration data used for PBPK modeling were obtained from a single-dose, two-period crossover bioequivalence study in the fasted state. Advanced Compartmental Absorption and Transit model was used for absorption. Enterohepatic recirculation process was modeled by changing the gut physiological state from fasted to fed at meal time. Based on the established PBPK models, a virtual food effect study was simulated. A clinical food effect study was used for model external validation. RESULTS PK profiles of hyzetimibe and M1 under fasting condition could be well described by the PBPK model, and the errors of Cmax, AUC0-∞, and AUC0-t were within the two-fold range. Simulated geometric mean ratios (GMRs, fed/fasted) showed that a high-fat breakfast slightly affected the PK of hyzetimibe, expressed as increased Cmax of hyzetimibe (130.6%). Simulated GMRs and 90% confidence intervals of AUC were within the preset bioequivalent range. The results of the simulated virtual food effect trial were consistent with those of the clinical food effect trial. CONCLUSIONS The established PBPK model could describe the concentration-time profiles of hyzetimibe and M1 well with good prediction performance. A fully mechanistic model of enterohepatic recirculation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Deng J, Yang Z, Wang H, Ojima I, Samaras D, Wang F. A systematic study of key elements underlying molecular property prediction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6395. [PMID: 37833262 PMCID: PMC10575948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in drug discovery with a major task as molecular property prediction. Despite booming techniques in molecular representation learning, key elements underlying molecular property prediction remain largely unexplored, which impedes further advancements in this field. Herein, we conduct an extensive evaluation of representative models using various representations on the MoleculeNet datasets, a suite of opioids-related datasets and two additional activity datasets from the literature. To investigate the predictive power in low-data and high-data space, a series of descriptors datasets of varying sizes are also assembled to evaluate the models. In total, we have trained 62,820 models, including 50,220 models on fixed representations, 4200 models on SMILES sequences and 8400 models on molecular graphs. Based on extensive experimentation and rigorous comparison, we show that representation learning models exhibit limited performance in molecular property prediction in most datasets. Besides, multiple key elements underlying molecular property prediction can affect the evaluation results. Furthermore, we show that activity cliffs can significantly impact model prediction. Finally, we explore into potential causes why representation learning models can fail and show that dataset size is essential for representation learning models to excel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Deng
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Stony Brook University, Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hehe Wang
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Dimitris Samaras
- Stony Brook University, Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Stony Brook University, Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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25
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Tao RE, Prajapati S, Pixley JN, Grada A, Feldman SR. Oral Tetracycline-Class Drugs in Dermatology: Impact of Food Intake on Absorption and Efficacy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1152. [PMID: 37508248 PMCID: PMC10376323 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline-class drugs are frequently used in dermatology for their anti-inflammatory properties to treat skin diseases such as acne, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) clinical guidelines do not offer guidance regarding the co-administration of food with tetracycline-class drugs. The objectives of this study were to review the available evidence regarding whether taking tetracycline-class drugs with food decreases systemic absorption and is associated with an impact on clinical efficacy. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database between February to May 2023 using the keywords "tetracycline-class drugs", "pharmacokinetics", "absorption", and "dermatology". Inclusion criteria included articles written in English and relevant to the absorption and efficacy of tetracycline-class drugs. This search yielded 131 articles written between 1977 to 2022, of which 29 met the criteria for review. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescribing information for oral formulations of tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and sarecycline were reviewed. Systemic absorption of tetracycline decreased when co-administered with food. Systemic absorption of oral doxycycline and minocycline was variable with food co-administration. The impact on bioavailability varied with the drug formulation and dosage. The absorption of oral sarecycline decreased when administered with food. Sarecycline is the only oral antibiotic where population pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated limited or no impact of food intake on clinical efficacy. There are no available data for other tetracycline-class drugs in dermatology. If patients find it more tolerable to take doxycycline, minocycline, and sarecycline with food to avoid gastrointestinal distress, this may merit consideration to encourage patient adherence. Since the impact of food intake on absorption varied with the dosage form of doxycycline and minocycline, consulting the appropriate package insert may give clinicians additional insight into differences in the various formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Tao
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
| | - Stuti Prajapati
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
| | - Jessica N Pixley
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
| | - Ayman Grada
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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26
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Purcell SA, Kok DE, Ketterl T, Garcia MB, Joffe L, Brown JC, Dieli-Conwright CM, Williams GR. Pharmacokinetics of cancer therapeutics and energy balance: the role of diet intake, energy expenditure, and body composition. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:3-11. [PMID: 37139976 PMCID: PMC10157766 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance accounts for an individual's energy intake, expenditure, and storage. Each aspect of energy balance has implications for the pharmacokinetics of cancer treatments and may impact an individual's drug exposure and subsequently its tolerance and efficacy. However, the integrated effects of diet, physical activity, and body composition on drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion are not yet fully understood. This review examines the existing literature on energy balance, specifically the role of dietary intake and nutritional status, physical activity and energy expenditure, and body composition on the pharmacokinetics of cancer therapeutics. As energy balance and pharmacokinetic factors can be influenced by age-related states of metabolism and comorbidities, this review also explores the age-related impact of body composition and physiologic changes on pharmacokinetics among pediatric and older adult populations with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Purcell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tyler Ketterl
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miriam B Garcia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lenat Joffe
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Justin C Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grant R Williams
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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27
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Yu Y, Dong L, Zhang L, Gan J, Peng J, Liu T, Chen J, Lu X, He L, Cheng B. Effect of flowing water on the pharmacokinetic properties of norfloxacin in channel catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
) after single‐dose oral administration. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1201-1210. [PMID: 37002647 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a widely used, water-saving and efficient aquaculture model. However, bacterial diseases are common in farmed fish reared at high densities. Although antibiotics effectively treat these diseases, developing efficient methods to increase drug clearance in fish and decrease the concentrations of antibiotic residues in aquatic products is essential. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the effect of flowing water in the RAS on norfloxacin (NOR) pharmacokinetics in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). METHODS Channel catfish were randomly divided into the control group (RAS group) and the experimental group (flow-through aquaculture system group) (120 individuals/group). A NOR dose of 20 mg/kg was then orally administered to the fish. Plasma, muscle, liver and kidney samples were collected up to 168 h after treatment. NOR concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method. RESULTS Flowing water had a significant effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of NOR, increasing NOR clearance in the kidney, muscle and plasma. The time to maximum concentration of NOR was shorter in the plasma and longer in the kidney and liver. Moreover, flowing water increased the maximum concentration of NOR in the kidney, muscle and plasma and decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration in the liver and plasma. Flowing water decreased the withdrawal period in muscle from 10 to 6 days. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that flowing water can potentially increase NOR clearance in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jie Peng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Xiaorong Lu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Quality and Standards Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing China
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28
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Hu W, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Luo Y, Sun X, Xu H, Shi S, Li T, Xu Y, Yang Q, Qiu Y, Zhu F, Dai H. MecDDI: Clarified Drug-Drug Interaction Mechanism Facilitating Rational Drug Use and Potential Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1626-1636. [PMID: 36802582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a major concern in clinical practice and have been recognized as one of the key threats to public health. To address such a critical threat, many studies have been conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying each DDI, based on which alternative therapeutic strategies are successfully proposed. Moreover, artificial intelligence-based models for predicting DDIs, especially multilabel classification models, are highly dependent on a reliable DDI data set with clear mechanistic information. These successes highlight the imminent necessity to have a platform providing mechanistic clarifications for a large number of existing DDIs. However, no such platform is available yet. In this study, a platform entitled "MecDDI" was therefore introduced to systematically clarify the mechanisms underlying the existing DDIs. This platform is unique in (a) clarifying the mechanisms underlying over 1,78,000 DDIs by explicit descriptions and graphic illustrations and (b) providing a systematic classification for all collected DDIs based on the clarified mechanisms. Due to the long-lasting threats of DDIs to public health, MecDDI could offer medical scientists a clear clarification of DDI mechanisms, support healthcare professionals to identify alternative therapeutics, and prepare data for algorithm scientists to predict new DDIs. MecDDI is now expected as an indispensable complement to the available pharmaceutical platforms and is freely accessible at: https://idrblab.org/mecddi/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yongchao Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Xiuna Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shuiyang Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yichao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First Peoples Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Clinical Pharmacy Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Pharmacy Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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29
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Zhang X, Shi G, Li S, Rao J, Wen Q, Zhao H. Effect of Dietary Intake on the Pharmacokinetics of the Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Famitinib: Results From a Phase 1 Study in Healthy Chinese Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023. [PMID: 36867007 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Famitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor under clinical investigation for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, a 3-period crossover trial investigated the effect of high-fat or low-fat food intake on the single-dose pharmacokinetic properties of oral famitinib. Twenty-four healthy Chinese participants were enrolled and received a single 25-mg dose of famitinib malate capsule following a high-fat or low-fat breakfast before dosing. Blood samples were collected before dosing (0 hour) to 192 hours after dosing, and famitinib concentrations in plasma were determined with validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the fasting condition, the geometric mean ratios for low-fat/fasting were 98.6%, 107.7%, and 107.5% for maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) over the dosing interval, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, respectively. Those for high-fat/fasting were 84.4%, 105.0%, and 105.1% for maximum plasma concentration, AUC over the dosing interval, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, respectively. There was no significant difference in adverse events between fasting and fed conditions, and no serious adverse events occurred during the trial. In conclusion, oral famitinib bioavailability is not affected by food intake, implying that patients with cancer do not need to consider dietary status when using famitinib. This is considered important for convenience and treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Gexin Shi
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaorong Li
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jing Rao
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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30
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Singh N, Reddy KP, Das P, Kishor BK, Datta P. Complex formulation strategies to overcome the delivery hurdles of laptinib in metastatic breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Li Q, Yang Z, Liu SJ, Liu L, Chen L, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Du P, Zeng C, Li N, Zeng Y, Xiong Y, Liu DJ, Chen J, He Y. Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalent Study of Potassium Chloride Sustained-Release Tablet Under Different Dietary Conditions in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:267-272. [PMID: 36321352 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) is an endogenous substance that is an essential dietary component. However, the interaction between dietary arrangements and specific effects of dietary K+ intake in bioequivalence studies remains unclear. To investigate the influence of dietary arrangement on the bioequivalence of potassium chloride (KCl) sustained-release tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of KCl were compared in two open-label, single-center, randomized, two-period crossover studies with different dietary conditions. All volunteers received an oral dose of 6 g of KCl sustained-release tablets under fasting conditions, with different dietary arrangements. Urine samples were collected on baseline days and 48 hours after tablet consumption. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of K+ in the urine samples. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using Phoenix WinNonlin software in a noncompartmental model. In either clinical trial, no significant differences were observed in the maximal rate of urinary excretion and cumulative urinary excretion from 0 to 24 hours of K+ between the reference and test drugs. The bioequivalence studies of both KCl sustained-release tablet formulations were successfully conducted under different dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi-Jing Liu
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Du
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Jia Liu
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiyu Chen
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan He
- Clinical Trials Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Vuong M, González Aragón C, Montarroyos SS. Common Food and Drug Interactions. Pediatr Rev 2023; 44:68-80. [PMID: 36720679 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Food-drug interactions should be suspected when a patient is taking their medications as directed and doses are optimized yet therapy is still not optimal (increased adverse effects, decreased efficacy, new adverse effects, etc). In all individuals with suspected food-drug interactions, diet history, baseline laboratory values, drug concentrations, and prescription history are recommended to assess the patient for a possible food-drug interaction. The 3 types of food-drug interactions are pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic. Pharmaceutical interactions occur with delivery devices or enteral feeding products. Pharmacokinetic interactions include the processes of a drug's release, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or elimination, ultimately affecting the effectiveness and safety of therapy. Pharmacodynamic interactions occur when food alters a drug's clinical effect on the body. The most common food-drug interactions exist with fruits (especially grapefruit), dairy, vitamin K, tyramine-containing foods, and alcohol. Patient counseling and collaboration between health-care teams can help patients avoid food-drug interactions. As a result, medication therapy can be optimized and adverse effects can be avoided.
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Kambayashi A, Shirasaka Y. Food effects on gastrointestinal physiology and drug absorption. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:100488. [PMID: 36737277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food ingestion affects the oral absorption of many drugs in humans. In this review article, we summarize the physiological factors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that affect the in vivo performance of orally administered solid dosage forms in fasted and fed states in humans. In particular, we discuss the effects of food ingestion on fluid characteristics (pH, bile concentration, and volume) in the stomach and small intestine, GI transit of water and dosage forms, and microbiota. Additionally, case examples of food effects on GI physiology and subsequent changes in oral drug absorption are provided. Furthermore, the effects of food, especially fruit juices (e.g., grapefruit, orange, apple) and green tea, on transporter-mediated permeation and enzyme-catalyzed metabolism of drugs in intestinal epithelial cells are also summarized comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kambayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0072, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Phytotherapy and Drugs: Can Their Interactions Increase Side Effects in Cancer Patients? J Xenobiot 2023; 13:75-89. [PMID: 36810432 PMCID: PMC9945131 DOI: 10.3390/jox13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of herbs to treat illnesses was common in all historical eras. Our aim was to describe the phytotherapeutic substances that cancer patients use most commonly, and to determine whether their use can increase side effects. METHODS This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted among older adults actively undergoing chemotherapy, admitted at the Oncology DH Unit (COES) of the Molinette Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza in Turin (Italy). Data collection was conducted through the distribution of self-compiled and closed-ended questionnaires during chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS A total of 281 patients were enrolled. Evaluating retching and sage consumption was statistically significant in multivariate analysis. The only risk factor for dysgeusia was chamomile consumption. Ginger, pomegranate, and vinegar use were retained as mucositis predictors. CONCLUSIONS Phytotherapeutic use needs more attention in order to decrease the risks of side effects, toxicity, and ineffective treatment. The conscious administration of these substances should be promoted for safe use and to provide the reported benefits.
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Zhu M, Tao Y, Pu J, Zhao H, Wan L, Zhang P, Tang C. Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Fudosteine in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A 4-Way Replicate Crossover Study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:30-37. [PMID: 35794358 PMCID: PMC10084052 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The bioequivalence of a generic fudosteine tablet vs a brand-named fudosteine tablet under fasting and fed conditions was evaluated in this study. This randomized, open-label, single-dose, 4-way replicate, crossover, bioequivalence study included 64 healthy Chinese subjects (fasting cohort, n = 32; fed cohort, n = 32) who were assigned to receive a single 200-mg dose of generic or brand-named fudosteine. Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 24 hours after dosing. The plasma concentrations of fudosteine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Safety was monitored. There were no significant differences in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t ), or AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) between the test and reference formulations. However, food showed a significant effect on Cmax , AUC0-t , and AUC0-∞ for both generic and brand-named fudosteine. The 90%CIs of the test/reference ratios of Cmax , AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were within the range of 80% to 125% under both fasting and fed conditions. No serious adverse events were reported. The bioequivalence between generic and brand-named fudosteine under fasting and fed conditions was demonstrated. Both of them had good tolerance for healthy Chinese volunteers. In addition, food delayed the absorption of fudosteine, so taking this medicine before meals might be an optimized option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Zhu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junliang Pu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peilin Zhang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyong Tang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chu N, Ding Y, Que L, Huang K, Chen Y, Qin W, Qian Z, Shi Y, Xu Z, He Q. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets 20 mg in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1169103. [PMID: 37188262 PMCID: PMC10175790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1169103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety properties between a new generic and a brand reference formulation of esomeprazole enteric-coated tablets 20 mg in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. Methods: The fasting study was an open-label, randomized, two-period crossover study conducted in 32 healthy Chinese volunteers, and the fed study was a four-period crossover study conducted in 40 healthy Chinese volunteers. Blood samples were collected at the specified time points and determined to obtain the plasma concentrations of esomeprazole. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the non-compartment method. Bioequivalence was analyzed by the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the two formulations and the corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CIs). The safety of the two formulations was assessed. Results: The fasting and fed study showed that the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations was similar. Under the fasting condition, the 90% CIs of GMRs of the test-to-reference formulation were 87.92%-104.36% for Cmax, 87.82%-101.45% for AUC0-t, and 87.99%-101.54% for AUC0-∞; under the fed condition, the 90% CIs of GMRs of the test-to-reference formulation were 80.53%-94.95% for Cmax, 87.46%-97.26% for AUC0-t, and 87.46%-97.16% for AUC0-∞. The 90% CIs of GMRs fall within the bioequivalence range of 80.00%-125.00%. The two formulations had good safety and were well-tolerated, and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: According to relevant regulatory standards, esomeprazole enteric-coated generic and reference products exhibited bioequivalence and good safety in healthy Chinese subjects. Clinical Trials Registration: http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html, identifier CTR20171347 and CTR20171484.
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Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobials in Children with Emphasis on Challenges Faced by Low and Middle Income Countries, a Clinical Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010017. [PMID: 36671218 PMCID: PMC9854442 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective antimicrobial exposure is essential to treat infections and prevent antimicrobial resistance, both being major public health problems in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Delivery of drug concentrations to the target site is governed by dose and pharmacokinetic processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion). However, specific data on the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials in children living in LMIC settings are scarce. Additionally, there are significant logistical constraints to therapeutic drug monitoring that further emphasize the importance of understanding pharmacokinetics and dosing in LMIC. Both malnutrition and diarrheal disease reduce the extent of enteral absorption. Multiple antiretrovirals and antimycobacterial agents, commonly used by children in low resource settings, have potential interactions with other antimicrobials. Hypoalbuminemia, which may be the result of malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome or liver failure, increases the unbound concentrations of protein bound drugs that may therefore be eliminated faster. Kidney function develops rapidly during the first years of life and different inflammatory processes commonly augment renal clearance in febrile children, potentially resulting in subtherapeutic drug concentrations if doses are not adapted. Using a narrative review approach, we outline the effects of growth, maturation and comorbidities on maturational and disease specific effects on pharmacokinetics in children in LMIC.
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Syed Snr W, Bashatah A, A Al-Rawi MB. Evaluation of Knowledge of Food-Drug and Alcohol-Drug Interactions Among Undergraduate Students at King Saud University - An Observational Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2623-2633. [PMID: 36388627 PMCID: PMC9664929 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s391363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of pharmacists in society is unique since they are providers of drug information and medication counseling to patients. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the knowledge, of undergraduate pharmacy students regarding food drug (FDIs) and alcohol-drug interactions (ADIs) at King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY An online cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate pharmacy students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from October 2021 to January 2022, using self-administered 24-items questionnaires focused on evaluating the knowledge of FDIs and ADIs. RESULTS Of the 200 questionnaires distributed, 142 students responded, of whom 40.8% (n = 58) of the students did not agree with the statement that patients can eat more green leafy vegetables with warfarin. Just over half 52.8% (n = 75) agreed that milk affects the efficacy of tetracycline. Regarding the students' knowledge about amiodarone interactions with grapefruit 43% (n = 61) of them were knowledgeable, while 43.7% (n = 62), knew that atorvastatin cannot be taken with grapefruit. A total of 44.4% (n = 63) of the students reported being knowledgeable about FDIs. In terms of the individual questions, Alcohol interactions with antihistamines and paracetamol received the highest percentages of 52.8% (n = 75) and 50.7% (n = 72), respectively, followed by warfarin and methotrexate (45.1%; 41.5%). In this study, 39.4% (n = 56) of the participants were found knowledgeable about ADIs. The overall knowledge of interactions among the students was 47.9% (n = 68). The total knowledgeable levels were significantly associated with educational levels and having previous information about interaction (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, undergraduate pharmacy students exhibited poor knowledge of FDIs and ADIs. As a result, more focus and effort should be given to raising awareness of potential FDIs and ADIs. Our study highlights the need for improving pharmacy students' knowledge about FDIs and ADIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Syed Snr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Bashatah
- Department of Nursing Administration & Education, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Degefu N, Getachew M, Amare F. Knowledge of Drug–Food Interactions Among Healthcare Professionals Working in Public Hospitals in Ethiopia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2635-2645. [PMID: 36411827 PMCID: PMC9675322 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s389068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug–food interactions can result in unfavorable outcomes during the treatment of patients. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should advise patients on drug–food interactions. Knowledge of such interactions is crucial to avoid their occurrence. However, there is no information regarding the knowledge of HCPs about drug–food interactions in Harari Regional State. Objective To assess knowledge of drug–food interactions and associated factors among HCPs working in public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia from April 15 to May 15, 2022. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, among 251 HCPs. After stratification was done based on profession (pharmacists, nurses, and doctors), the sample size was proportionally allocated for the respective groups. Data were collected using a standardized self-administered questionnaire, entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 26.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize variables. Multivariable logistic regression was done to determine factors associated with knowledge of drug–food interactions. P < 0.05 was used to declare significant association. Results Among the HCPs who completed the questionnaire, 56 (22.3%), 36 (14.3%), and 159 (63.3%) were doctors, pharmacists, and nurses, respectively. The majority of the HCPs were males (174 (69.3%)). The mean age of the HCPs was 27.6±3.8. The mean knowledge score±SD of the HCPs was 28.6±6.6 out of an overall score of 59. The HCPs poorly identified drug–food interactions and the correct administration time of drugs relative to meals. Being a pharmacist (AOR: 2.8, CI: 1.3–6.4, p-value=0.012), and working at a tertiary hospital (AOR: 3.9, CI: 2.1–7.3, p-value <0.001), were associated with higher knowledge of drug-food interactions. Conclusion The HCPs in this study had inadequate knowledge of drug–food interactions. Thus, additional educational courses and training should be provided in order to improve knowledge regarding drug-food interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanim Degefu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Getachew
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Firehiwot Amare
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Firehiwot Amare, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251 913183027, Email
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Han M, Xu J, Lin Y. Approaches of formulation bridging in support of orally administered drug product development. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pawłowska I, Kuźbicka K, Krzyżaniak N, Kocić I. Interactions between selected over-the-counter drugs and food: clinical relevance and prevention. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1005-1018. [PMID: 36068659 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2119214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of medicines is associated with both therapeutic and adverse effects and interactions. In particular, interactions between drugs and food are common, and can either enhance the action of drugs or diminish their effect. Health professionals have a responsibility to screen for and educate patients about food-drug interactions, as well as to assist in decreasing their occurrence. The aim of this study was to identify any interactions present between food and selected over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Sixty-five publications out of a potential 1112 found in the search were included in the study and among them 28 concerned painkillers, 6 - antihistamines, 4 - nasal decongestants, 10 were for proton pump inhibitors and for iron and 8 for sildenafil. Interactions between food and OTC drugs do exist. These drugs should not be taken regardless of the meal. Providing relevant information to the patient will increase drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Pawłowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Kuźbicka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Krzyżaniak
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ivan Kocić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract
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Formulations containing nanosized drug particles such
as nanocrystals
and nanosized amorphous drug aggregates recently came into light as
promising strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble
drugs. However, the increased solubility due to the reduction in particle
size cannot adequately explain the enhanced bioavailability. In this
study, the mechanisms and extent of enhanced passive permeation by
drug particles were investigated using atazanavir, lopinavir, and
clotrimazole as model drugs. Franz diffusion cells with lipid-infused
membranes were utilized to evaluate transmembrane flux. The impact
of stirring rate, receiver buffer condition, and particle size was
investigated, and mass transport analyses were conducted to calculate
transmembrane flux. Flux enhancement by particles was found to be
dependent on particle size as well as the partitioning behavior of
the drug between the receiver solution and the membrane, which is
determined by both the drug and buffer used. A flux plateau was observed
at high particle concentrations above amorphous solubility, confirming
that mass transfer of amorphous drug particles from the aqueous solution
to the membrane occurs only through the molecularly dissolved drug.
Mass transport models were used to calculate flux enhancement by particles
for various drugs at different conditions. Good agreements were obtained
between experimental and predicted values. These results should contribute
to improved bioavailability prediction of nanosized drug particles
and better design of formulations containing colloidal drug particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rayan Sabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Debus JL, Bachmann P, Frahm N, Mashhadiakbar P, Langhorst SE, Streckenbach B, Baldt J, Heidler F, Hecker M, Zettl UK. Associated factors of potential drug-drug interactions and drug-food interactions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221108391. [PMID: 35959503 PMCID: PMC9358348 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated demyelinating
disease in younger adults. Patients with MS (PwMS) are vulnerable to the
presence of potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) and potential drug–food
interactions (pDFIs) as they take numerous medications to treat MS,
associated symptoms and comorbidities. Knowledge about pDDIs and pDFIs can
increase treatment success and reduce side effects. Objective: We aimed at determining the frequency and severity of pDDIs and pDFIs in
PwMS, with regard to polypharmacy. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, we analysed pDDIs and pDFIs of 627 PwMS aged
⩾18 years. Data collection was performed through patient record reviews,
clinical examinations and structured patient interviews. pDDIs and pDFIs
were identified using two DDI databases: Drugs.com Interactions Checker and
Stockley’s Interactions Checker. Results: We identified 2587 pDDIs (counted with repetitions). Of 627 PwMS, 408 (65.1%)
had ⩾ 1 pDDI. Polypharmacy (concomitant use of ⩾ 5 drugs) was found for 334
patients (53.3%). Patients with polypharmacy (Pw/P) were found to have a
15-fold higher likelihood of having ⩾ 1 severe pDDI compared with patients
without polypharmacy (Pw/oP) (OR: 14.920, p < 0.001).
The most frequently recorded severe pDDI was between citalopram and
fingolimod. Regarding pDFIs, ibuprofen and alcohol was the most frequent
severe pDFI. Conclusion: Pw/P were particularly at risk of severe pDDIs. Age and educational level
were found to be factors associated with the occurrence of pDDIs,
independent of the number of medications taken. Screening for pDDIs/pDFIs
should be routinely done by the clinical physician to increase drug safety
and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Louisa Debus
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Paula Bachmann
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Niklas Frahm
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pegah Mashhadiakbar
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Silvan Elias Langhorst
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Streckenbach
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany; Department for Neurology, Ecumenic Hainich Hospital gGmbH, Mühlhausen, Germany
| | - Julia Baldt
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany; Department for Neurology, Ecumenic Hainich Hospital gGmbH, Mühlhausen, Germany
| | - Felicita Heidler
- Department for Neurology, Ecumenic Hainich Hospital gGmbH, Mühlhausen, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Klaus Zettl
- Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
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The effect of dietary fibers on the absorption of oral hypoglycemic drugs: a systematic review of controlled trials. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Bioequivalence evaluation and food effect assessment of Lisinopril/amlodipine tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:45. [PMID: 35794660 PMCID: PMC9260974 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of lisinopril and amlodipine has a marked additional effect on blood pressure and fewer side effects than individual monotherapy. This study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate the bioequivalence between two Lisinopril/amlodipine tablets in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS A single center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period crossover bioequivalence study was designed in healthy Chinese subjects under both fasting and fed conditions. Blood samples were collected before drug administration and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, 168 h after administration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentration of lisinopril and amlodipine. Maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were used to evaluate bioequivalence. Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Ninety-two healthy subjects were enrolled, and 75 completed the study. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of lisinopril and amlodipine under both fasting and fed conditions fell within the conventional bioequivalence criteria of 0.80-1.25. A high-fat meal appeared to decrease the Cmax and AUC of lisinopril. No severe adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION The trial demonstrated that the test and the reference lisinopril/amlodipine tablets were bioequivalent and well tolerated in Chinese people under fasting and fed conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trails.gov identifier, NCT04885660 (retrospectively registered in 13/05/ 2021).
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Zhao Y, Lin S, Fang R, Shi Y, Wu W, Zhang W, Chen H. Mechanism of Enhanced Oral Absorption of a Nano-Drug Delivery System Loaded with Trimethyl Chitosan Derivatives. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3313-3324. [PMID: 35937081 PMCID: PMC9346306 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s358832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the previous study, nanoparticles coated with trimethyl chitosan (TMC) derivatives (PPTT-NPs) could promote the oral bioavailability of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Herein, we chose PPTT-NPs as a model drug to study the property and mechanism of intestinal absorption in vitro and in vivo. Methods The stability of PPTT-NPs was evaluated using simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. The uptake and transport of PPTT-NPs were investigated in Caco-2 and Caco-2&HT29 co-culture cells. The biosafety, intestinal permeability, adhesion, and absorption mechanism of PPTT-NPs were investigated using SD rats in vivo. The live imaging and biodistribution of PPTT-NPs were observed by IVIS. Furthermore, the effects on CYP3A4 of PPTT-NPs were investigated using testosterone as the probe substrate. Results The results of the stability assay showed that PPTT-NPs had a strong tolerance to the pH and digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal environment. In vitro cell experiments showed that the uptake of drugs exhibited a time-dependent. When the ratio of TMC-VB12 and TMC-Cys was 1:3, the uptake capacity of PPTT-NPs was the highest. PPTT-NPs could enhance the paracellular transport of drugs by reversibly opening a tight junction. Animal experiments demonstrated that PPTT-NPs have good biological safety. PPTT-NPs had good adhesion and permeability to small intestinal mucosa. Meanwhile, PPTT-NPs needed energy and various protein to participate in the uptake of drugs. The live imaging of NPs illustrated that PPTT-NPs could prolong the residence time in the intestine. Moreover, TMC-VB12 and TMC-Cys could reduce the metabolism of drugs by inhibiting CYP3A4 to a certain extent. Conclusion The results show that TMC-VB12 and TMC-Cys are effective in the transport of PPTT-NPs. PPTT-NPs can increase the intestinal adhesion of drugs and exert high permeation by intestinal enterocytes which demonstrate significant and efficient potential for oral delivery of the BCS III drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaling Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hui Chen; Wei Zhang, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Miao Y, Zhao S, Zuo J, Sun J, Wang J. Reduced the Food Effect and Enhanced the Oral Bioavailability of Ivacaftor by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Using a New Oil Phase. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1531-1546. [PMID: 35637746 PMCID: PMC9143795 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s356967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this work was to develop an ivacaftor self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system (IVA-SNEDDS) using the newly developed double headed miscellaneous lipid (DHML) as oil phase to reduce the food effect and inter-individual absorption variability of IVA. Methods The lipids with the greatest solubility to IVA were selected as the oil phase of IVA-SNEDDS by saturation solubility method. Then, among different surfactants and co-surfactants, those with good emulsifying ability for the selected oil phase were selected, and the proportion of surfactant and co-surfactant was further selected by pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The prepared IVA-SNEDDS were screened and evaluated in vitro and in beagle dogs. Results The optimized IVA-SNEDDS formulation consisting of DHML, Tween 80, and Transcutol HP with the weight ratio of 2:2:1 was physically stable and it was easy to disperse in water, pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution, and generated a fine homogeneous nanoemulsion, with mean globule size less than 75 nm regardless of dilution ratio. In vitro drug release studies showed that the drug in IVA-SNEDDS could be completely released in a short time, while the drug release in IVA-suspension was less than 1% at 60 min. In vivo, using IVA-suspension (Fed) as a reference, the relative oral bioavailability of IVA-suspension (Fasted), IVA-SNEDDS (Fasted), and IVA-SNEDDS (Fed) were 23.35%, 153.63%, and 149.89%, respectively. This showed that IVA-SNEDDS could eliminate the positive food effect, improve the oral bioavailability, and reduce the IVA absorption difference between individuals. Conclusion As the oil phase of SNEDDS, DHML can significantly improve the drug solubility and drug loading of IVA-SNEDDS. Moreover, DHML was easily emulsified and can effectively form a nanoemulsion in vivo and in vitro. The prepared IVA-SNEDDS can reduce the inter-individual absorption variability of IVA, eliminate its food effect and improve its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Miao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Heinig R, Nagelschmitz J, Loewen S. Results From Phase I Studies Investigating the Dose Linearity of Finerenone Tablets and the Influence of Food or pH-Modifying Comedications on its Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Male Volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:549-559. [PMID: 35612708 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that reduces the risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical phase I studies with finerenone were carried out to assess its pharmacokinetics and the influence of common covariables on its absorption after oral administration. METHODS Three crossover studies in healthy male volunteers with single-dose administration of finerenone investigated the dose linearity of a film-coated tablet (1.25-10 mg [n = 24] and 10-20 mg [n = 18]), the effect of food on the 20 mg tablet (n = 18), and the effects of the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole (4 days pre-treatment and co-administration 2 h before finerenone) and an aluminum/magnesium hydroxide-containing antacid (10 mL [Maalox®] 70 mVal, simultaneous intake) on the 10 mg tablet (n = 10 and n = 11, respectively). RESULTS Finerenone was rapidly absorbed (time to reach maximum plasma concentration [tmax] was 0.50-0.75 h). Area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC∞) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) increased in proportion to dose in the range investigated in clinical phase II and phase III studies (1.25-20 mg), with point estimates for the ratio of dose-normalized AUC∞ and Cmax (20 mg/10 mg, approved therapeutic doses) of 0.9943 and 0.9301. After the administration of finerenone 20 mg with a high-fat, high-calorie meal, AUC∞ increased (+ 21%), Cmax decreased (-19%), and tmax was prolonged (2.47 vs. 0.75 h) when compared with the fasting state. Omeprazole had no effect on finerenone AUC∞ and Cmax. Maalox had no effect on finerenone AUC∞ and led to a non-clinically-relevant decrease in Cmax (-19%). CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetics of the finerenone film-coated tablet were linear. High-fat, high-calorie food had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of finerenone. In addition, pH-modifying comedications were not found to alter the pharmacokinetics of finerenone and were deemed safe for co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Heinig
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Translational Medicine, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Johannes Nagelschmitz
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Translational Medicine, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
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Wong S, Krejsa C, Lee D, Harris A, Simard E, Wang X, Allard M, Podoll T, O'Reilly T, Slatter JG. Pharmacokinetics and Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Pharmacodynamics of the Murine Double Minute 2 Inhibitor, Navtemadlin (KRT-232) in Fed and Fasted Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:640-653. [PMID: 35172043 PMCID: PMC9306949 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This single 60-mg dose, 4-period crossover study assessed the effect of food and formulation change on navtemadlin (KRT-232) pharmacokinetics (PK) and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) pharmacodynamics. Healthy subjects (N = 30) were randomized to 3 treatment sequences, A: new tablet, fasted (reference, dosed twice); B: new tablet, 30 minutes after a high-fat meal (test 1); C: old tablet, fasted (test 2). PK/pharmacodynamic parameters were measured over 0 to 96 hours. Adverse events were mild without any discontinuations. No serious adverse events or deaths occurred. In treatment A, navtemadlin mean (coefficient of variation) maximum concentration (Cmax ) was 525 (66) ng/mL, at median time to maximum concentration (tmax ) of 2 hours. Mean (coefficient of variation) area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t ) was 3392 (63.3) ng • h/mL, and arithmetic mean terminal half-life was 18.6 hours. Acyl glucuronide metabolite (M1)/navtemadlin AUC0-t ratio was 0.2, and urine excretion of navtemadlin was negligible. After a meal (B vs A), navtemadlin tmax was delayed by 1 hour. Geometric least squares means ratios (90%CI) for navtemadlin Cmax and AUC0-t were 102.7% (87.4-120.6) and 81.4% (76.2-86.9), respectively. Old vs new tablet fasted formulations (C vs A) had geometric least squares means ratios (90%CI) of 78.4% (72.0-85.3) for Cmax and 85.9% (80.5-91.7) for AUC0-t . MIC-1 Cmax and AUC were comparable across groups; tmax was delayed relative to navtemadlin tmax by ≈8 hours. Navtemadlin AUC0-t and MIC-1 AUC0-t correlated significantly. In conclusion, navtemadlin can be administered safely with or without food; the new formulation does not affect navtemadlin PK. The 60-mg navtemadlin dose elicited a reproducible and robust MIC-1 response that correlated well with navtemadlin exposure, indicating that murine double minute 2 target engagement leads to p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekman Wong
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA andBellevueWashingtonUSA
| | - Cecile Krejsa
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA andBellevueWashingtonUSA
| | - Dana Lee
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA andBellevueWashingtonUSA
| | - Anna Harris
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA andBellevueWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Xiaohui Wang
- Certara Strategic ConsultingPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | | | - J. Greg Slatter
- Kartos Therapeutics, Inc, Redwood City, CA andBellevueWashingtonUSA
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Zou P. Does Food Affect the Pharmacokinetics of Non-orally Delivered Drugs? A Review of Currently Available Evidence. AAPS J 2022; 24:59. [PMID: 35488003 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The food effects for orally administered drugs have been widely investigated and reviewed. In contrast, our knowledge of food effects for non-orally administered drugs is scarce. In this review paper, we did a literature survey to collect clinical food effect data for non-orally administered drugs. Our survey retrieved 18 drugs, including thirteen intravenously (IV), two subcutaneously (SC), one intradermally (ID), one pulmonary, and one rectally administered drug. The food effect data show that food intake can increase the absorption of SC and ID administered peptides and proteins with MW < 30 kDa by 30-50%. On the other hand, food intake can increase the elimination of IV and inhaled drugs with moderate and high hepatic extraction and reduce drug exposure by up to 35%. The food effect knowledge can be used to mitigate potential efficacy and safety risks of non-orally administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zou
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., 211 Mt. Airy Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, 07920, USA.
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