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Pouzol L, Sassi A, Tunis M, Zurbach A, Baumlin N, Gnerre C, Strasser DS, Marrie J, Vezzali E, Martinic MM. ACKR3 Antagonism Enhances the Repair of Demyelinated Lesions Through Both Immunomodulatory and Remyelinating Effects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2087-2104. [PMID: 38819698 PMCID: PMC11233362 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Addressing inflammation, demyelination, and associated neurodegeneration in inflammatory demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) remains challenging. ACT-1004-1239, a first-in-class and potent ACKR3 antagonist, currently undergoing clinical development, showed promise in preclinical MS models, reducing neuroinflammation and demyelination. However, its effectiveness in treating established disease and impact on remyelination after the occurrence of demyelinated lesions remain unexplored. This study assessed the therapeutic effect of ACT-1004-1239 in two demyelinating disease models. In the proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, ACT-1004-1239 administered upon the detection of the first signs of paralysis, resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in EAE disease severity, concomitant with diminished immune cell infiltrates in the CNS and reduced demyelination. Notably, efficacy correlated with elevated plasma concentrations of CXCL11 and CXCL12, two pharmacodynamic biomarkers of ACKR3 antagonism. Combining ACT-1004-1239 with siponimod, an approved immunomodulatory treatment for MS, synergistically reduced EAE severity. In the cuprizone-induced demyelination model, ACT-1004-1239 administered after 5 weeks of cuprizone exposure, significantly accelerated remyelination, already quantifiable one week after cuprizone withdrawal. Additionally, ACT-1004-1239 penetrated the CNS, elevating brain CXCL12 concentrations. These results demonstrate that ACKR3 antagonism significantly reduces the severity of experimental demyelinating diseases, even when treatment is initiated therapeutically, after the occurrence of lesions. It confirms the dual mode of action of ACT-1004-1239, exhibiting both immunomodulatory effects by reducing neuroinflammation and promyelinating effects by accelerating myelin repair. The results further strengthen the rationale for evaluating ACT-1004-1239 in clinical trials for patients with demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Pouzol
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Sassi
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tunis
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Zurbach
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Baumlin
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Carmela Gnerre
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Strasser
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Julia Marrie
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Vezzali
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Marianne M Martinic
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
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2
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Hu H, Li H, Li R, Liu P, Liu H. Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance. J Transl Med 2024; 22:663. [PMID: 39010157 PMCID: PMC11251255 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The T-helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) axis plays a crucial role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is regarded as an immune imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated therapies have received increasing attention in MS research. In MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, MSC injection was shown to alter the differentiation of CD4+T cells. This alteration occurred by inducing anergy and reduction in the number of Th17 cells, stimulating the polarization of antigen-specific Treg to reverse the imbalance of the Th17/Treg axis, reducing the inflammatory cascade response and demyelination, and restoring an overall state of immune tolerance. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which MSCs regulate the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs, including extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial transfer, metabolic reprogramming, and autophagy. We aimed to identify new targets for MS treatment using cellular therapy by analyzing MSC-mediated Th17-to-Treg polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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Guerrieri S, Rubin M, Gattuso I, Zanetta C, Genchi A, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Filippi M, Moiola L. Can treatment adverse events be optimized by switching between different sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis? A case series. J Neurol 2024; 271:3678-3681. [PMID: 38564055 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Guerrieri
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Rubin
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Gattuso
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanetta
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Genchi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Rocca
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lucia Moiola
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Gu J, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Fowles K, Qiu L, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Ropchan J, Gropler RJ, Carson RE, Tu Z, Huang Y, Hillmer AT. PET Imaging of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 with [18F]TZ4877 in Nonhuman Primates. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4350862. [PMID: 38854065 PMCID: PMC11160920 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4350862/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) is involved in regulating responses to neuroimmune stimuli. There is a need for S1PR1-specific radioligands with clinically suitable brain pharmcokinetic properties to complement existing radiotracers. This work evaluated a promising S1PR1 radiotracer, [18F]TZ4877, in nonhuman primates. Procedures [18F]TZ4877 was produced via nucleophilic substitution of tosylate precursor with K[18F]/F- followed by deprotection. Brain PET imaging data were acquired with a Focus220 scanner in two Macaca mulatta (6, 13 years old) for 120-180 min following bolus injection of 118-163 MBq [18F]TZ4877, with arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis to measure the parent input function and plasma free fraction (f P). Each animal was scanned at baseline, 15-18 min after 0.047-0.063 mg/kg of the S1PR1 inhibitor ponesimod, 33 min after 0.4-0.8 mg/kg of the S1PR1-specific compound TZ82112, and 167-195 min after 1 ng/kg of the immune stimulus endotoxin. Kinetic analysis with metabolite-corrected input function was performed to estimate the free fraction corrected total distribution volume (V T/f P). Whole-body dosimetry scans were acquired in 2 animals (1M, 1F) with a Biograph Vision PET/CT System, and absorbed radiation dose estimates were calculated with OLINDA. Results [18F]TZ4877 exhibited fast kinetics that were described by the reversible 2-tissue compartment model. Baseline [18F]TZ4877 f P was low (< 1%), and [18F]TZ4877 V T/f P values were 233-866 mL/cm3. TZ82112 dose-dependently reduced [18F]TZ4877 V T/f P, while ponesimod and endotoxin exhibited negligible effects on V T/f P, possibly due to scan timing relative to dosing. Dosimetry studies identified the critical organs of gallbladder (0.42 (M) and 0.31 (F) mSv/MBq) for anesthetized nonhuman primate. Conclusions [18F]TZ4877 exhibits reversible kinetic properties, but the low f P value limits quantification with this radiotracer. S1PR1 is a compelling PET imaging target, and these data support pursuing alternative F-18 labeled radiotracers for potential future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin Qiu
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis: Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Gropler
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis: Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine
| | | | - Zhude Tu
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis: Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine
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Yang X, Yan Y, Liu S, Wang Z, Feng X. Potential adverse events associated with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators in patients with multiple sclerosis: an analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1376494. [PMID: 38846098 PMCID: PMC11153721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1376494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators have recently attracted increasing attention for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite their preference in the clinic, multiple adverse events (AEs) continue to be reported every year. This study aimed to investigate the potential AEs as well as related important medical events (IMEs) signal associated with S1PR modulators, including fingolimod, siponimod and ozanimod in a real-world study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods All data were collected from the FAERS database, spanning from the fourth quarter of 2010(2010Q4) to the second quarter of 2023 (2023Q2). Potential AE and IME signals of S1PR modulators were identified based on a disproportionality analysis using the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and the bayesian confidence propagation neural network of information components (IC). Results Overall, 276,436 reports of fingolimod, 20,972 reports of siponimod and 10,742 reports of ozanimod were analyzed from the FAERS database. Among reports, females were more prone to develop AEs (73.71% for females vs. 23.21% for males), and more than 50% of patients suffered from AEs were between 18 and 64 years. Subsequently, we investigated the top 20 AEs associated with the signal strength of S1PR modulators at the preferred term (PT) level, and identified 31 (8 vs. 11 vs. 12, respectively) unlabeled risk signals such as thrombosis, uterine disorder and reproductive system and breast disorders. Furthermore, we discovered that the S1PR modulator reported variations in the possible IMEs, and that the IMEs associated with ocular events were reported frequently. It's interesting to note that infection and malignancy are prominent signals with both fingolimod and siponimod in the top 20 PTs related to mortality reports. Conclusion The present investigation highlights the possible safety risks associated with S1PR modulators. The majority of AEs are generally consistent with previous studies and are mentioned in the prescribing instructions, however, several unexpected AE signals have also been observed. Ozanimod showed the lowest signal intensity and a better safety profile than the other S1PR modulators. Due to the short marketing time of drugs and the limitations of spontaneous reporting database, further research is required to identify potential AEs related to S1PR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Jakobs M, Hörbelt-Grünheidt T, Hadamitzky M, Bihorac J, Salem Y, Leisengang S, Christians U, Schniedewind B, Schedlowski M, Lückemann L. The Effects of Fingolimod (FTY720) on Leukocyte Subset Circulation cannot be Behaviourally Conditioned in Rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:18. [PMID: 38733535 PMCID: PMC11088542 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Suppression of immune functions can be elicited by behavioural conditioning using drugs such as cyclosporin A or rapamycin. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and generalisability of this phenomenon. Against this background, the present study investigated whether the pharmacological properties of fingolimod (FTY720), an immunosuppressive drug widely applied to treat multiple sclerosis, can be conditioned in rats by means of taste-immune associative learning. For this purpose, a conditioned taste avoidance paradigm was used, pairing the presentation of a novel sweet drinking solution (saccharin or sucrose) as conditioned stimulus (CS) with therapeutically effective doses of FTY720 as unconditioned stimulus (US). Subsequent re-exposure to the CS at a later time point revealed that conditioning with FTY720 induced a mild conditioned taste avoidance only when saccharin was employed as CS. However, on an immunological level, neither re-exposure with saccharin nor sucrose altered blood immune cell subsets or splenic cytokine production. Despite the fact that intraperitonally administered FTY720 could be detected in brain regions known to mediate neuro-immune interactions, the present findings show that the physiological action of FTY720 is not inducible by mere taste-immune associative learning. Whether conditioning generalises across all small-molecule drugs with immunosuppressive properties still needs to be investigated with modified paradigms probably using distinct sensory CS. Moreover, these findings emphasize the need to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of conditioned immunomodulation to assess the generalisability and usability of associative learning protocols as supportive therapies in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jakobs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Tina Hörbelt-Grünheidt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Bihorac
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Yasmin Salem
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Leisengang
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Björn Schniedewind
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Wang L, Zhang X, Ma C, Wu N. 1-Phosphate receptor agonists: A promising therapeutic avenue for ischemia-reperfusion injury management. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111835. [PMID: 38508097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) - a complex pathological condition occurring when blood supply is abruptly restored to ischemic tissues, leading to further tissue damage - poses a significant clinical challenge. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs), a specialized set of G-protein-coupled receptors comprising five subtypes (S1PR1 to S1PR5), are prominently present in various cell membranes, including those of lymphocytes, cardiac myocytes, and endothelial cells. Increasing evidence highlights the potential of targeting S1PRs for IRI therapeutic intervention. Notably, preconditioning and postconditioning strategies involving S1PR agonists like FTY720 have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating IRI. As the synthesis of a diverse array of S1PR agonists continues, with FTY720 being a prime example, the body of experimental evidence advocating for their role in IRI treatment is expanding. Despite this progress, comprehensive reviews delineating the therapeutic landscape of S1PR agonists in IRI remain limited. This review aspires to meticulously elucidate the protective roles and mechanisms of S1PR agonists in preventing and managing IRI affecting various organs, including the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, intestines, and brain, to foster novel pharmacological approaches in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; The Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Wu
- The Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Prasad VP, Wagner S, Keul P, Hermann S, Levkau B, Schäfers M, Haufe G. Synthesis, radiosynthesis and biochemical evaluation of fluorinated analogues of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 specific antagonists using PET. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 104:117697. [PMID: 38599005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors (S1PRs) are involved in several diseases such as auto immunity, inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. The S1P analogue fingolimod (Gilenya®) is currently in use for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. S1PRs are also promising targets for clinical molecular imaging in vivo. The organ distribution of individual S1PRs can be potentially achieved by using S1PR subtype-specific (radiolabeled) chemical probes. Here, we report our efforts on synthesis and in vivo potency determination of new ligands for the S1P receptor 3 (S1P3) based on the S1P3 antagonist TY-52156 and in validation of a potential imaging tracer in vivo using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) after 18F-labelling. A p-fluorophenyl derivative exhibited excellent S1P3 antagonist activity in vitro, good serum stability, and medium lipophilicity. In vivo biodistribution experiments using 18F-PET exhibited significant uptake in the myocardium suggesting potential applications in cardiac imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vysakh Puspha Prasad
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Multiscale Imaging Centre, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Multiscale Imaging Centre, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Multiscale Imaging Centre, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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9
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Guo J, Wu J, Wang L, Liu H, Wu X, Yang H, Li W, Wang H, Bu B, Yang C, Zhou H, Guo S, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li C, Tian DC, Chen S, Xue H, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liang H, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Wang J, Quan C. Treatment algorithms of relapsing multiple sclerosis: an exploration based on the available disease-modifying therapies in China. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2024; 17:17562864241239117. [PMID: 38616782 PMCID: PMC11015775 DOI: 10.1177/17562864241239117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) was defined as a rare disease in China due to its low prevalence. For a long time, interferon β was the only approved disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Since the first oral DMT was approved in 2018, DMT approval accelerated, and seven DMTs were approved within 5 years. With an increasing number of DMTs being prescribed in clinical practice, it is necessary to discuss the standardized MS treatment algorithms depending on the disease activity and DMT availability. In this review paper, more than 20 Chinese experts in MS have reviewed the therapeutic progress of MS in China and worldwide and discussed algorithms for treating relapsing MS (RMS) based on the available DMTs in China, providing insights for establishing the standardized RMS treatment algorithms in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiayong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bitao Bu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shougang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - De-Cai Tian
- Center for Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Quan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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10
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Gaastra B, Zhang J, Tapper W, Bulters D, Galea I. Sphingosine-1-phosphate Signalling in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Basic Science to Clinical Translation. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:352-363. [PMID: 36749550 PMCID: PMC10891271 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is generated intracellularly and, when transported to the extracellular compartment, predominantly signals through S1P receptors. The S1P signalling pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). In this review, we bring together all the available data regarding the role of S1P in neurological injury following aSAH. There is agreement in the literature that S1P increases in the cerebrospinal fluid following aSAH and leads to cerebral artery vasospasm. On the other hand, the role of S1P in the parenchyma is less clear cut, with different studies arguing for beneficial and deleterious effects. A parsimonious interpretation of this apparently conflicting data is presented. We discuss the potential of S1P receptor modulators, in clinical use for multiple sclerosis, to be repurposed for aSAH. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our knowledge of S1P signalling in humans, the clinical challenges of targeting the S1P pathway after aSAH and other research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gaastra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - John Zhang
- Center of Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Will Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Diederik Bulters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ian Galea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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11
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Coyle PK, Freedman MS, Cohen BA, Cree BAC, Markowitz CE. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis treatment: A practical review. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:842-855. [PMID: 38366285 PMCID: PMC11021614 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Four sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators (fingolimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and siponimod) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes efficacy and safety data on these S1P receptor modulators, with an emphasis on similarities and differences. Efficacy data from the pivotal clinical trials are generally similar for the four agents. However, because no head-to-head clinical studies were conducted, direct efficacy comparisons cannot be made. Based on the adverse event profile of S1P receptor modulators, continued and regular monitoring of patients during treatment will be instructive. Notably, the authors recommend paying attention to the cardiac monitoring guidelines for these drugs, and when indicated screening for macular edema and cutaneous malignancies before starting treatment. To obtain the best outcome, clinicians should choose the drug based on disease type, history, and concomitant medications for each patient. Real-world data should help to determine whether there are meaningful differences in efficacy or side effects between these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Coyle
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Mark S. Freedman
- University of OttawaDepartment of Medicine and the Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bruce A. Cohen
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bruce A. C. Cree
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Clyde E. Markowitz
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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12
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Danese S, Panaccione R, Abreu MT, Rubin DT, Ghosh S, Dignass A, Afzali A, Wolf DC, Chiorean MV, Vermeire S, Jain A, Charles L, Lawlor G, Osterman MT, Wu H, Canavan JB, Petersen A, Colombel JF, Regueiro M. Efficacy and Safety of Approximately 3 Years of Continuous Ozanimod in Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Interim Analysis of the True North Open-label Extension. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:264-274. [PMID: 37651686 PMCID: PMC10896634 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS This interim analysis from the True North open-label extension [OLE] study examines efficacy and safety of approximately 3 years of continuous ozanimod treatment in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. METHODS Clinical responders after 52 weeks of ozanimod during the phase 3 True North study, who continued treatment in the OLE, were evaluated. Efficacy, including endoscopic and histological endpoints, was assessed during the OLE for approximately 2 additional years through OLE Week 94, using observed case [OC] and nonresponder imputation [NRI] analyses. Adverse events were monitored from True North baseline through OLE data cutoff and expressed as exposure-adjusted incidence rates. RESULTS This analysis included 131 patients; 54% had achieved corticosteroid-free remission at True North Week 52. In OC analyses, clinical response, clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free remission were achieved by 91.4%, 69.1%, and 67.9% of patients, respectively, at OLE Week 94 [146 weeks of total treatment]. Similarly, endoscopic improvement, histological remission, and mucosal healing were achieved by 73.3%, 67.3%, and 56.3% of patients, respectively, at OLE Week 94. Efficacy rates were lower using NRI analyses, but maintenance of efficacy was demonstrated through OLE Week 94. No new safety signals emerged from this analysis. Serious infections, malignancy, cardiovascular events, and hepatic events occurred infrequently. CONCLUSIONS Among patients who achieved clinical response after 1 year of ozanimod treatment during True North, a high percentage sustained clinical and mucosal efficacy over 2 additional years in the OLE. No new safety signals were observed with long-term ozanimod use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastrointestinal Research, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Crohn’s & Colitis Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Axel Dignass
- Department of Medicine, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anita Afzali
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douglas C Wolf
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael V Chiorean
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Swedish Gastroenterology, Issaquah, WA, USA
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anjali Jain
- Translational Sciences and Medical Affairs, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lorna Charles
- Worldwide Patient Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Garrett Lawlor
- GI Medicine, US Medical Affairs I&F, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mark T Osterman
- Disease Area Head, Gastroenterology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hsiuanlin Wu
- Statistician, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Regueiro
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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13
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Wu K, Li Y, Ji Y, Liu C, Wang X, Guo H, Zhang J, He Y. Tumor-Derived RAB21+ABHD12+ sEVs Drive the Premetastatic Microenvironment in the Lung. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:161-179. [PMID: 38215051 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a spatial and temporal process that starts with remodeling to generate a proper premetastatic niche in a distant tissue. Infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages is one of the notable characteristics in the premetastatic niche, which is a fundamental requirement for primary tumor metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that small extracellular vesicles (sEV) carrying RAB21 homed to lung macrophages and interacted with integrin-β1 on macrophages. ABHD12 expression was high in lung metastatic tumors and was mostly expressed by macrophages. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)-derived sEVs carrying ABHD12-polarized macrophages toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, driving premetastatic niche formation, which facilitated lung metastasis. ABHD12 additionally upregulated S1PR1 by activating the AKT-FoxO1 pathway in macrophages, and significantly enhanced antitumor responses were observed in tumor models treated with agents targeting both S1PR1 and PD-1. Collectively, our study suggests that RAB21+ABHD12+ sEVs derived from HNSCC cells contribute to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the premetastatic niche and are a potential therapeutic target for enhancing the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikang Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Mehta V, Dwivedi AR, Ludhiadch A, Rana V, Goel KK, Uniyal P, Joshi G, Kumar A, Kumar B. A decade of USFDA-approved small molecules as anti-inflammatory agents: Recent trends and Commentaries on the "industrial" perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115942. [PMID: 38000212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the human body's defence process against various pathogens, toxic substances, irradiation, and physically injured cells that have been damaged. Inflammation is characterized by swelling, pain, redness, heat, as well as diminished tissue function. Multiple important inflammatory markers determine the prognosis of inflammatory processes, which include likes of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are controlled by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, all of which are activated in response to the stimulation of specific receptors. Besides these, the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme family also plays a significant role in inflammation. The current review is kept forth to compile a summary of small molecules-based drugs approved by the USFDA during the study period of 2013-2023. A thorough discussion has also been made to focus on biologics, macromolecules, and small chemical entities approved during this study period and their greener synthetic routes with a brief discussion on the chemical spacing parameters of anti-inflammatory drugs. The compilation is expected to assist the medicinal chemist and the scientist actively engaged in drug discovery and development of anti-inflammatory agents from newer perspectives during the current years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Mehta
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | | | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Vikas Rana
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Asim Kumar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy (AIP), Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, 122413, India.
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
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15
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Rajan S, Khatri DK, Singh SB. S1PR2 inhibition mitigates cognitive deficit in diabetic mice by modulating microglial activation via Akt-p53-TIGAR pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111278. [PMID: 38011768 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficit is one of the challenging complications of type 2 diabetes. Sphingosine 1- phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have been implicated in various neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. The association of S1PRs and cognition in type 2 diabetes remains elusive. Microglia-mediated neuronal damage could be the thread propagating cognitive deficit. The effects of S1PR2 inhibition on cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were examined in this work. We further assessed microglial activation and putative microglial polarisation routes. Cognitive function loss was observed after four months of diabetes induction in Type 2 diabetes animal model. JTE013, an S1PR2 inhibitor, was used to assess neuroprotection against cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo diabetes model. JTE013 (10 mg/kg) improved synaptic plasticity by upregulating psd95 and synaptophysin while reducing cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. It further enhanced anti-inflammatory microglia in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as evidenced by increased Arg-1, CD206, and YM-1 levels and decreased iNOS, CD16, and MHCII levels. TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, might facilitate the anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype by promoting oxidative phosphorylation and decreasing apoptosis. However, since p53 is a TIGAR suppressor, inhibiting p53 could be beneficial. S1PR2 inhibition increased p-Akt and TIGAR levels and reduced the levels of p53 in the PFC and hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice, thereby decreasing apoptosis. In vitro, palmitate was used to imitate sphingolipid dysregulation in BV2 cells, followed by conditioned media exposure to Neuro2A cells. JTE013 rescued the palmitate-induced neuronal apoptosis by promoting the anti-inflammatory microglia. In the present study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of S1PR2 improves cognitive function and skews microglia toward anti-inflammatory phenotype in type 2 diabetic mice, thereby promising to be a potential therapy for neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shruti Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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16
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Sands BE, Schreiber S, Blumenstein I, Chiorean MV, Ungaro RC, Rubin DT. Clinician's Guide to Using Ozanimod for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:2012-2025. [PMID: 37436357 PMCID: PMC10798866 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of advanced therapies [eg, biologics, Janus kinase inhibitors] over the past few decades has revolutionised the treatment of ulcerative colitis. However, the limitations of these therapies leave an unmet need for safer and more effective or convenient treatment options. There is growing interest in the development of novel oral small molecule therapies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Ozanimod is an oral small molecule therapy that is approved in the USA, the European Union, and other countries as the first sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. This review provides guidance for ozanimod use for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, based on the prescribing information, clinical trial and real-world data, and the authors' clinical experiences. This guidance outlines patient characteristics to consider when deciding if ozanimod treatment is suitable and describes how to educate patients on risks and best practices. It also details the nature and frequency of monitoring during treatment, which should be adapted to the individual patient based on pre-existing risk factors and events that possibly occur during treatment. This review also provides insights into the patient characteristics and clinical scenarios best suited for ozanimod treatment, based on its efficacy, safety profile, and risks compared with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Sands
- Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Irina Blumenstein
- Medical Clinic 1, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael V Chiorean
- Department of Gastroenterology, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Jonnalagadda D, Kihara Y, Groves A, Ray M, Saha A, Ellington C, Lee-Okada HC, Furihata T, Yokomizo T, Quadros EV, Rivera R, Chun J. FTY720 requires vitamin B 12-TCN2-CD320 signaling in astrocytes to reduce disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113545. [PMID: 38064339 PMCID: PMC11066976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency causes neurological manifestations resembling multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a molecular explanation for the similarity is unknown. FTY720 (fingolimod) is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and sphingosine analog approved for MS therapy that can functionally antagonize S1P1. Here, we report that FTY720 suppresses neuroinflammation by functionally and physically regulating the B12 pathways. Genetic and pharmacological S1P1 inhibition upregulates a transcobalamin 2 (TCN2)-B12 receptor, CD320, in immediate-early astrocytes (ieAstrocytes; a c-Fos-activated astrocyte subset that tracks with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE] severity). CD320 is also reduced in MS plaques. Deficiency of CD320 or dietary B12 restriction worsens EAE and eliminates FTY720's efficacy while concomitantly downregulating type I interferon signaling. TCN2 functions as a chaperone for FTY720 and sphingosine, whose complex induces astrocytic CD320 internalization, suggesting a delivery mechanism of FTY720/sphingosine via the TCN2-CD320 pathway. Taken together, the B12-TCN2-CD320 pathway is essential for the mechanism of action of FTY720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Aran Groves
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Clayton Ellington
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Edward V Quadros
- Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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18
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Wang W, Zhao Y, Zhu G. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1288437. [PMID: 38179204 PMCID: PMC10764561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1288437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) could be viewed as a proteinopathy caused by changes in lipids, whereby modifications in lipid metabolism may lead to protein alterations, such as the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration. Although the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the major clinical manifestation of PD, the etiology of it is largely unknown. Increasing evidence has highlighted the important role of lipids in the pathophysiology of PD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling lipid, has been suggested to have a potential association with the advancement and worsening of PD. Therefore, better understanding the mechanisms and regulatory proteins is of high interest. Most interestingly, S1P appears to be an important target to offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. In this review, we first introduce the basic situation of S1P structure, function and regulation, with a special focus on the several pathways. We then briefly describe the regulation of S1P signaling pathway on cells and make a special focused on the cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis, etc. Finally, we discuss the function of S1P as potential therapeutic target to improve the clinical symptoms of PD, and even prevent the progression of the PD. In the context of PD, the functions of S1P modulators have been extensively elucidated. In conclusion, S1P modulators represent a novel and promising therapeutic principle and therapeutic method for PD. However, more research is required before these drugs can be considered as a standard treatment option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Wunsch F, Nguyen TN, Wolber G, Bermudez M. Structural determinants of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor selectivity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300387. [PMID: 37806764 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod, the prodrug of fingolimod-1-phosphate (F1P), was the first sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator approved for multiple sclerosis. F1P unselectively targets all five S1PR subtypes. While agonism (functional antagonism via receptor internalization) at S1PR1 leads to the desired immune modulatory effects, agonism at S1PR3 is associated with cardiac adverse effects. This motivated the development of S1PR3 -sparing compounds and led to a second generation of S1PR1,5 -selective ligands like siponimod and ozanimod. Our method combines molecular dynamics simulations and three-dimensional pharmacophores (dynophores) and enables the elucidation of S1PR subtype-specific binding site characteristics, visualizing also subtle differences in receptor-ligand interactions. F1P and the endogenous ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate bind to the orthosteric pocket of all S1PRs, but show different binding mode dynamics, uncovering potential starting points for the development of subtype-specific ligands. Our study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the selectivity profile of approved drugs like ozanimod and siponimod and pharmaceutical tool compounds like CYM5541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Wunsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institue for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Trung Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institue for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Vališ M, Achiron A, Hartung HP, Mareš J, Tichá V, Štourač P, Halusková S, Angelucci F, Pavelek Z. The Benefits and Risks of Switching from Fingolimod to Siponimod for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Drugs R D 2023; 23:331-338. [PMID: 37640862 PMCID: PMC10676342 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-023-00434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, MS treatment is limited to several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved medications that slow disease progression by immunomodulatory action. Fingolimod and siponimod have similar mechanisms of action, and consequently, their therapeutic effects may be comparable. However, while fingolimod is mainly used for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), siponimod, according to EMA label, is recommended for active secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Clinicians and scientists are analysing whether patients can switch from fingolimod to siponimod and identifying the advantages or disadvantages of such a switch from a therapeutic point of view. In this review, we aim to discuss the therapeutic effects of these two drugs and the advantages/disadvantages of switching treatment from fingolimod to siponimod in patients with the most common forms of MS, RRMS and SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vališ
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anat Achiron
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Neurology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hans Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine at Palacký University and University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine at Palacký University and University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tichá
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Štourač
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Halusková
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyšek Pavelek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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21
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Cai Y, Xie S, Jia X, Chen D, Wu D, Bao W, Cai J, Mao J, Ye J. Integrated analysis of Mendelian Randomization and Bayesian colocalization reveals bidirectional causal association between inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2281658. [PMID: 37988718 PMCID: PMC10836255 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2281658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and psoriasis. However, the detailed genetic basis, causality, and direction of this association remain unclear. METHODS Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization [MR] analysis was conducted using summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies. Bayesian Colocalization and multivariable MR [MVMR] analyses were performed to identify candidate variants and risk genes involved in the shared genetic basis between IBD, psoriasis, and their subtypes. RESULTS Genetically predicted IBD and Crohn's disease [CD] were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, psoriasis vulgaris [PsV], and psoriatic arthritis [PsA] (IBD on psoriasis: pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.14, p = .0001; CD on psoriasis: pooled OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.15, p < .0001) and vice versa (psoriasis on IBD: pooled OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.02-1.21), whereas CD only exhibited a unidirectional association with psoriasis. Colocalization analysis revealed eight candidate genetic variants and risk genes (including LINC00824, CDKAL1, IL10, IL23R, DNAJC27, LPP, RUNX3, and RGS14) associated with a shared genetic basis. Among these, IL23R, DNAJC27, LPP, and RGS14 were further validated by MVMR analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated bidirectional causal associations between IBD and psoriasis (including PsV and PsA), which were attributed primarily to CD rather than Ulcerative colitis [UC]. Furthermore, we identified several candidate variants and risk genes involved in the shared genetic basis of IBD and psoriasis. Acquiring a better understanding of the shared genetic architecture underlying IBD and psoriasis would help improve clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangke Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siyuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dehao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenwen Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianting Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianshan Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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22
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Jiang H, Zhou C, Qiu L, Gropler RJ, Brier MR, Wu GF, Cross AH, Perlmutter JS, Benzinger TLS, Tu Z. Quantitative Analysis of S1PR1 Expression in the Postmortem Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4039-4050. [PMID: 37882753 PMCID: PMC11037862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that is characterized by demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators effectively inhibit S1PR1 in immune cell trafficking and reduce entry of pathogenic cells into the CNS. Studies have also implicated a nonimmune, inflammatory role of S1PR1 within the CNS in MS. In this study, we explored the expression of S1PR1 in the development and progression of demyelinating pathology of MS by quantitative assessment of S1PR1 expression using our S1PR1-specific radioligand, [3H]CS1P1, in the postmortem human CNS tissues including cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord of MS cases and age- and sex-matched healthy cases. Immunohistochemistry with whole slide scanning for S1PR1 and various myelin proteins was also performed. Autoradiographic analysis using [3H]CS1P1 showed that the expression of S1PR1 was statistically significantly elevated in lesions compared to nonlesion regions in the MS cases, as well as normal healthy controls. The uptake of [3H]CS1P1 in the gray matter and nonlesion white matter did not significantly differ between healthy and MS CNS tissues. Saturation autoradiography analysis showed an increased binding affinity (Kd) of [3H]CS1P1 to S1PR1 in both gray matter and white matter of MS brains compared to healthy brains. Our blocking study using NIBR-0213, a S1PR1 antagonist, indicated [3H]CS1P1 is highly specific to S1PR1. Our findings demonstrated the activation of S1PR1 and an increased uptake of [3H]CS1P1 in the lesions of MS CNS. In summary, our quantitative autoradiography analysis using [3H]CS1P1 on human postmortem tissues shows the feasibility of novel imaging strategies for MS by targeting S1PR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Charles Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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23
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Li J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liu P, Liu M, Zhang M, Wu R. S1P/S1PR signaling pathway advancements in autoimmune diseases. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:922-935. [PMID: 37504219 PMCID: PMC10655875 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a versatile sphingolipid that is generated through the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinase (SPHK). S1P exerts its functional effects by binding to the G protein-coupled S1P receptor (S1PR). This lipid mediator plays a pivotal role in various cellular activities. The S1P/S1PR signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, significantly contributing to the functioning of the immune system. It plays a crucial role in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, migration, immune cell recruitment, synthesis of inflammatory mediators, and the formation of lymphatic and blood vessels. However, the full extent of the involvement of this signaling pathway in the development of autoimmune diseases remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively review recent research on the S1P/S1PR axis in diseases related to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengxia Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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24
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Karam M, Auclair C. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as Lung and Cardiac Vasculature Protecting Agent in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13088. [PMID: 37685894 PMCID: PMC10488186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause severe respiratory illness with high mortality. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a massive inflammatory cell infiltration into the infected lungs accompanied by excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The lung histology of dead patients shows that some areas are severely emphysematous, with enormously dilated blood vessels and micro-thromboses. The inappropriate inflammatory response damaging the pulmonary interstitial arteriolar walls suggests that the respiratory distress may come in a large part from lung vasculature injuries. It has been recently observed that low plasmatic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a marker of a worse prognosis of clinical outcome in severe coronavirus disease (COVID) patients. S1P is an angiogenic molecule displaying anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, that promote intercellular interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes resulting in the stabilization of arteries and capillaries. In this context, it can be hypothesized that the benefit of a normal S1P level is due to its protective effect on lung vasculature functionality. This paper provides evidence supporting this concept, opening the way for the design of a pharmacological approach involving the use of an S1P lyase inhibitor to increase the S1P level that in turn will rescue the lung vasculature functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Auclair
- AC BioTech, Villejuif Biopark, Cancer Campus, 1 mail du Professeur Georges Mathé, 94800 Villejuif, France;
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25
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Ya'ar Bar S, Pintel N, Abd Alghne H, Khattib H, Avni D. The therapeutic potential of sphingolipids for cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1224743. [PMID: 37608809 PMCID: PMC10440740 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1224743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of CVD. Despite considerable progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms and various treatment options available, significant gaps in therapy necessitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Sphingolipids are a family of lipids that have gained attention in recent years as important players in CVDs and the inflammatory processes that underlie their development. As preclinical studies have shown that targeting sphingolipids can modulate inflammation and ameliorate CVDs, targeting sphingolipids has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the current understanding of sphingolipids' involvement in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the existing therapeutic approaches and gaps in therapy, and explores the potential of sphingolipids-based drugs as a future avenue for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Ya'ar Bar
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hesen Abd Alghne
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College Department of Biotechnology, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College Department of Biotechnology, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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26
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Bigaud M, Ramseier P, Tisserand S, Lang M, Urban B, Beerli C, Karlsson G. Central Versus Peripheral Drug Exposure Ratio, a Key Differentiator for Siponimod Over Fingolimod? Neurol Ther 2023; 12:1187-1203. [PMID: 37195409 PMCID: PMC10310674 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Siponimod, a potent and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P1,5) agonist, is the only therapeutic agent that has shown efficacy against disability progression, decline in cognitive processing speed, total brain volume loss, gray matter atrophy and signs of demyelination in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Although the pathophysiology of progression in SPMS and primary progressive MS (PPMS) is thought to be similar, fingolimod, the prototype S1P1,3,45 agonist, failed to show efficacy against disability progression in PPMS. Differentiating siponimod from fingolimod at the level of their central effects is believed to be the key to a better understanding of the underlying characteristics that could make siponimod uniquely efficacious in progressive MS (PMS). METHODS Here, we compared the central vs. peripheral dose-dependent drug exposures for siponimod and fingolimod in healthy mice and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). RESULTS Siponimod treatment achieved dose-dependent efficacy and dose-proportional increases in steady-state drug blood levels, with a central nervous system (CNS)/blood drug-exposure ratio (CNS/bloodDER) of ~ 6 in both healthy and EAE mice. In contrast, fingolimod treatments achieved dose-proportional increases in fingolimod and fingolimod-phosphate blood levels, with respective CNS/bloodDER that were markedly increased (≥ threefold) in EAE vs. healthy mice. CONCLUSION If proven to have translational value, these observations would suggest that CNS/bloodDER may be a key differentiator for siponimod over fingolimod for clinical efficacy in PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Pamela Ramseier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tisserand
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meike Lang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Urban
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Göril Karlsson
- Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Li Q, Jing LJ, Li Y, Jia Y. Macular edema after siponimod treatment for multiple sclerosis: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37525104 PMCID: PMC10391854 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, siponimod is administered as a therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis. A previous phase 3 study first reported siponimod-associated macular edema. Since that report, there were only few relevant reports in clinical settings. Here, we report a case of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis developed macular edema after siponimod treatment. We also review the progress of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, elaborate on accepted mechanisms in treating multiple sclerosis, and discuss the causation of siponimod-associated macular edema. CASE PRESENTATION A 38-year-old Chinese female patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, who had recurrent numbness of the limbs and right leg fatigue, developed mild macular edema following 4 months of siponimod treatment. The macular edema resolved after discontinuing the medication, and did not recur after resuming siponimod. CONCLUSION Although siponimod-associated macular edema may be rare, mild, transitory, and manageable, it cannot be ignored and requires ongoing vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Jun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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28
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Jamali E, Shapoori S, Farrokhi MR, Vakili S, Rostamzadeh D, Iravanpour F, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Jafarinia M. Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapies on COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Comprehensive Review. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:368-377. [PMID: 37276047 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current knowledge, the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is complex, involving genetic background as well as several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity in the central nervous system (CNS). MS is an immune-mediated, inflammatory neurological disease affecting the CNS. As part of its attack on the axons of the CNS, MS witnesses varying degrees of myelin and axonal loss. A total of about 20 disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are available today that, both in clinical trials and in real-world studies, reduce disease activity, such as relapses, magnetic resonance imaging lesions, and disability accumulation. Currently, the world is facing an outbreak of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and spread rapidly around the globe. Viral infections play an important role in triggering and maintaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. There is an old association between MS and viral infections. In the context of MS-related chronic inflammatory damage within the CNS, there has been concern regarding COVID-19 worsening neurological damage. A high rate of disability and increased susceptibility to infection have made MS patients particularly vulnerable. In addition, DMTs have been a concern during the pandemic since many DMTs have immunosuppressive properties. In this article, we discuss the impact of DMTs on COVID-19 risks and the effect of DMTs on COVID-19 vaccination efficacy and outcome in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jamali
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Peyvand Pathobiology and Genetic Laboratory, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Shapoori
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Majid Reza Farrokhi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Farideh Iravanpour
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Jafarinia
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Wang N, Li JY, Zeng B, Chen GL. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050818. [PMID: 37238688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important sphingolipid molecule involved in regulating cardiovascular functions in physiological and pathological conditions by binding and activating the three G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3) expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. It exerts its actions through various downstream signaling pathways mediating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. S1P is essential for the development of the cardiovascular system, and abnormal S1P content in the circulation is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. This article reviews the effects of S1P on cardiovascular function and signaling mechanisms in different cell types in the heart and blood vessels under diseased conditions. Finally, we look forward to more clinical findings with approved S1PR modulators and the development of S1P-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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30
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Sphingosine 1 phosphate lyase inhibition rescues cognition in diabetic mice by promoting anti-inflammatory microglia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114415. [PMID: 36997095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a crucial sphingolipid modulating neuroinflammation and cognition. S1P levels in the brain have been found to be decreased in cognitive impairment. S1P lyase (S1PL) is the key enzyme in metabolizing S1P and has been implicated in neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the effect of S1PL inhibition on cognition in type 2 diabetic mice. Fingolimod (0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg) rescued cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, as evident in the Y maze and passive avoidance test. We further evaluated the effect of fingolimod on the activation of microglia in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Our study revealed that fingolimod inhibited S1PL and promoted anti-inflammatory microglia in both PFC and hippocampus of diabetic mice as it increased Ym-1 and arginase-1. The levels of p53 and apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) were elevated in the PFC and hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice which fingolimod reversed. The underlying mechanism promoting anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype was also explored in this study. TIGAR, TP53-associated glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, is known to foster anti-inflammatory microglia and was found to be downregulated in the brain of type 2 diabetic mice. S1PL inhibition decreased the levels of p53 and promoted TIGAR, thereby increasing anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype and inhibiting apoptosis in the brain of diabetic mice. Our study reveals that S1PL inhibition could be beneficial in mitigating cognitive deficits in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
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31
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Chen H, Qin Y, Chou M, Cyster JG, Li X. Transmembrane protein CD69 acts as an S1PR1 agonist. eLife 2023; 12:e88204. [PMID: 37039481 PMCID: PMC10154026 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by S1P promotes lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, a process critical for immune surveillance and T cell effector activity. Multiple drugs that inhibit S1PR1 function are in use clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cluster of Differentiation 69 (CD69) is an endogenous negative regulator of lymphocyte egress that interacts with S1PR1 in cis to facilitate internalization and degradation of the receptor. The mechanism by which CD69 causes S1PR1 internalization has been unclear. Moreover, although there are numerous class A GPCR structures determined with different small molecule agonists bound, it remains unknown whether a transmembrane protein per se can act as a class A GPCR agonist. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of CD69-bound S1PR1 coupled to the heterotrimeric Gi complex. The transmembrane helix (TM) of one protomer of CD69 homodimer contacts the S1PR1-TM4. This interaction allosterically induces the movement of S1PR1-TMs 5-6, directly activating the receptor to engage the heterotrimeric Gi. Mutations in key residues at the interface affect the interactions between CD69 and S1PR1, as well as reduce the receptor internalization. Thus, our structural findings along with functional analyses demonstrate that CD69 acts in cis as a protein agonist of S1PR1, thereby promoting Gi-dependent S1PR1 internalization, loss of S1P gradient sensing, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Marissa Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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32
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Mei KC, Stiepel RT, Bonacquisti E, Jasiewicz NE, Chaudhari AP, Tiwade PB, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM, Fenton OS, Nguyen J. Single-tailed heterocyclic carboxamide lipids for macrophage immune-modulation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2693-2698. [PMID: 36994921 PMCID: PMC10388338 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01804g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new immune-modulating biomaterials is of significant value to immuno-engineering and therapy development. Here, we discovered that single-tailed heterocyclic carboxamide lipids preferentially modulated macrophages - but not dendritic cells - by interfering with sphingosine-1-phosphate-related pathways, consequently increasing interferon alpha expression. We further performed extensive downstream correlation analysis and determined key factors in physicochemical properties likely to modulate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses. These properties will be useful for the rational design of the next generation of cell type-specific immune-modulating lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Mei
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13790, USA.
| | - Rebeca T Stiepel
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Emily Bonacquisti
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Natalie E Jasiewicz
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Ameya Pravin Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Palas B Tiwade
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 29599, USA.
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33
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Antel JP, Kennedy TE, Kuhlmann T. Seeking neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: an ongoing challenge. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168595. [PMID: 37009896 PMCID: PMC10065069 DOI: 10.1172/jci168595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS, featuring inflammation and demyelination with variable recovery. In this issue of the JCI, Kapell, Fazio, and authors address the potential for targeting neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at the nodes of Ranvier as a neuroprotective strategy during inflammatory demyelination of the CNS in experimental MS. Their extensive and impressive study could serve as a template for defining the physiologic properties of a putative protective pathway. The authors examined MS features in existent disease models, investigated the impact of pharmacologic intervention, and evaluated its status in tissues from patients with MS. We await future studies that will tackle the challenge of translating these findings into a clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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34
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Zavarella M, Villatore A, Rocca MA, Peretto G, Filippi M. The Heart–Brain Interplay in Multiple Sclerosis from Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040153. [PMID: 37103032 PMCID: PMC10144916 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to neurodegeneration. The clinical course is highly variable, but its prevalence is rising worldwide, partly thanks to novel disease-modifying therapies. Additionally, the lifespan of people with MS is increasing, and for this reason, it is fundamental to have a multidisciplinary approach to MS. MS may be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but there is scarce attention on this issue. In particular, CNS is essential in regulating the autonomic system and heart activity. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors show a higher prevalence in MS patients. On the other hand, conditions like Takotsubo syndrome are rare complications of MS. The parallelism between MS and myocarditis is also interesting. Finally, cardiac toxicity represents a not infrequent adverse reaction to MS drugs. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of cardiovascular complications in MS and their management to prompt further clinical and pre-clinical research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zavarella
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Villatore
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Myocarditis Disease Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20019 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Myocarditis Disease Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20019 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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35
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Dumitrescu L, Papathanasiou A, Coclitu C, Garjani A, Evangelou N, Constantinescu CS, Popescu BO, Tanasescu R. An update on the use of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:495-509. [PMID: 36946625 PMCID: PMC10069376 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2178898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder of the CNS manifested by recurrent attacks of neurological symptoms (related to focal inflammation) and gradual disability accrual (related to progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation). Sphingosine-1-phosphate-receptor (S1PR) modulators are a class of oral disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing MS. The first S1PR modulator developed and approved for MS was fingolimod, followed by siponimod, ozanimod, and ponesimod. All are S1P analogues with different S1PR-subtype selectivity. They restrain the S1P-dependent lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes by binding the lymphocytic S1P-subtype-1-receptor. Depending on their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, they can also interfere with other biological functions. AREAS COVERED Our narrative review covers the PubMed English literature on S1PR modulators in MS until August 2022. We discuss their pharmacology, efficacy, safety profile, and risk management recommendations based on the results of phase II and III clinical trials. We briefly address their impact on the risk of infections and vaccines efficacy. EXPERT OPINION S1PR modulators decrease relapse rate and may modestly delay disease progression in people with relapsing MS. Aside their established benefit, their place and timing within the long-term DMT strategy in MS, as well as their immunological effects in the new and evolving context of the post-COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination campaigns warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dumitrescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Athanasios Papathanasiou
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catalina Coclitu
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Afagh Garjani
- Academic Clinical Neurology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nikos Evangelou
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Academic Clinical Neurology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Academic Clinical Neurology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Neurology, Cooper Neurological Institute, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Tanasescu
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Academic Clinical Neurology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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36
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Kandjani OJ, Yaqoubi S, Vahdati SS, Borhannejad B, Dastmalchi S, Alizadeh AA. S1PR1 modulators in multiple sclerosis: Efficacy, safety, comparison, and chemical structure insights. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115182. [PMID: 36758307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that leads to severe physical and cognitive disabilities. Drugs used in the treatment of MS vary from small synthetic molecules to large macromolecules such as antibodies. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators are frequently used for the treatment of MS. These medicines prevent the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs leading to immune system suppression. Currently, four S1PR modulators are on the market and several potential drug candidates are in clinical trials for the treatment of MS. These compounds differ in chemical structure, adverse effects, and efficacy points of view. The current article reviews the latest studies on S1PR1 modulators and compares them with other MS drugs in terms of efficacy, tolerability, and safety. A special focus was dedicated to discussing the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and performing a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis to gain better insight into the ligand-receptor interaction mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jamshidi Kandjani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Parmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Yaqoubi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Shams Vahdati
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Borhannejad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX:99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Chen H, Qin Y, Chou M, Cyster JG, Li X. Transmembrane protein CD69 acts as an S1PR1 agonist. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528406. [PMID: 36824756 PMCID: PMC9949048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The activation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by S1P promotes lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, a process critical for immune surveillance and T cell effector activity 1-4 . Multiple drugs that inhibit S1PR1 function are in use clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cluster of Differentiation 69 (CD69) is an endogenous negative regulator of lymphocyte egress that interacts with S1PR1 in cis to facilitate internalization and degradation of the receptor 5,6 . The mechanism by which CD69 causes S1PR1 internalization has been unclear. Moreover, although there are numerous class A GPCR structures determined with different small molecule agonists bound, it remains unknown whether a transmembrane protein per se can act as a class A GPCR agonist. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of CD69-bound S1PR1 coupled to the heterotrimeric G i complex. The transmembrane helix (TM) of one protomer of CD69 homodimer contacts the S1PR1-TM4. This interaction allosterically induces the movement of S1PR1-TMs 5-6, directly activating the receptor to engage the heterotrimeric G i . Mutations in key residues at the interface affect the interactions between CD69 and S1PR1, as well as reduce the receptor internalization. Thus, our structural findings along with functional analyses demonstrate that CD69 acts in cis as a protein agonist of S1PR1, thereby promoting G i -dependent S1PR1 internalization, loss of S1P gradient sensing, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marissa Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Selkirk JV, Yan YG, Ching N, Paget K, Hargreaves R. In vitro assessment of the binding and functional responses of ozanimod and its plasma metabolites across human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175442. [PMID: 36470447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Ozanimod is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of adults with either relapsing multiple sclerosis or moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Ozanimod is metabolized in humans to form seven active plasma metabolites, including two major active metabolites CC112273 and CC1084037, and an inactive metabolite. Here, the binding and activity of ozanimod and its metabolites across human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors were determined. Binding affinity was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes expressing recombinant human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5 via competitive radioligand binding using tritium-labeled ozanimod; selectivity via functional potency assessment was performed using [35S]-guanosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate binding assays. Receptor internalization was assessed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1-green fluorescent protein and Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5-hemagglutinin via fluorescence activated cell sorting. Functional activity was assessed in primary cultures of human astrocytes via phosphorylation assays. Ozanimod and its functionally active metabolites bound to the same sites within sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5, with metabolites displaying the same selectivity profile as ozanimod. Agonism at sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 induced receptor internalization, whereas sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 did not. Ozanimod, CC112273, and CC1084037 elicited functional intracellular signaling in human astrocytes, pharmacologically characterized to be mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. The active plasma metabolites of ozanimod bound to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5 and displayed similar pharmacologic profiles as their parent compound, likely contributing to clinical efficacy in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis or moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kate Paget
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Dysregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor 1 signaling in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148171. [PMID: 36410428 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling through the activation S1P receptors (S1PRs) plays critical roles in cellular events in the brain. Aberrant S1P metabolism has been identified in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Our recent studies have shown that treatment with fingolimod, an analog of sphingosine, provides neuroprotective effects in five familiar Alzheimer disease (5xFAD) transgenic mice, resulting in the reduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) neurotoxicity, inhibition of activation of microglia and astrocytes, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved learning and memory. However, the pathways by which dysfunctional S1P and S1PR signaling may associate with the development of AD-like pathology remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the alteration of signaling of S1P/S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1), the most abundant S1PR subtype in the brain, in the cortex of 5xFAD transgenic mice at 3, 8, and 14 months of age. Compared to non-transgenic wildtype (WT) littermates, we found significant decreased levels of sphingosine kinases (SphKs), increased S1P lyase (S1PL), and increased S1PR1 in 8- and 14-month-old, but not in 3-month-old 5xFAD mice. Furthermore, we detected increased activation of the S1PR1 downstream pathway of Akt/mTor/Tau signaling in aging 5xFAD mice. Treatment with fingolimod from 1 to 8 months of age reversed the levels of SphKs, S1PL, and furthermore, those of S1PR1 and its downstream pathway of Akt/mTor/Tau signaling. Together the data reveal that dysregulation of S1P and S1PR signaling may associate with the development of AD-like pathology through Akt/mTor/Tau signaling.
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40
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Specific Aspects of Immunotherapy for Multiple Sclerosis in Switzerland—A Structured Commentary, Update 2022. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ctn7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly relapsing MS (RMS), has become a treatable disease in recent decades, and immunotherapies are now able to influence long-term disease course. A wide range of disease-modifying drugs are available, which makes the choice of therapy in individual cases considerably more complex. Due to specific regulatory aspects (partly diverging approvals by Swissmedic compared to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and an independent evaluation process for the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) specialities list (SL)), we issued a consensus recommendation regarding specific aspects of immunotherapy for MS in Switzerland in 2019. Here, we present revised recommendations with an update on newly approved drugs and new safety aspects, also in reference to the risk of COVID-19 infection and vaccination.
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41
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Liu C, Zhu J, Mi Y, Jin T. Impact of disease-modifying therapy on dendritic cells and exploring their immunotherapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:298. [PMID: 36510261 PMCID: PMC9743681 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which play a pivotal role in inducing either inflammatory or tolerogenic response based on their subtypes and environmental signals. Emerging evidence indicates that DCs are critical for initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Current disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for MS can significantly affect DCs' functions. However, the study on the impact of DMT on DCs is rare, unlike T and B lymphocytes that are the most commonly discussed targets of these therapies. Induction of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) with powerful therapeutic potential has been well-established to combat autoimmune responses in laboratory models and early clinical trials. In contrast to in vitro tolDC induction, in vivo elicitation by specifically targeting multiple cell-surface receptors has shown greater promise with more advantages. Here, we summarize the role of DCs in governing immune tolerance and in the process of initiating and perpetuating MS as well as the effects of current DMT drugs on DCs. We then highlight the most promising cell-surface receptors expressed on DCs currently being explored as the viable pharmacological targets through antigen delivery to generate tolDCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yan Mi
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Jin
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Constantinescu V, Haase R, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. S1P receptor modulators and the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2022; 15:17562864221133163. [PMID: 36437849 PMCID: PMC9685213 DOI: 10.1177/17562864221133163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators have a complex mechanism of action, which are among the most efficient therapeutic options in multiple sclerosis (MS) and represent a promising approach for other immune-mediated diseases. The S1P signaling pathway involves the activation of five extracellular S1PR subtypes (S1PR1-S1PR5) that are ubiquitous and have a wide range of effects. Besides the immunomodulatory beneficial outcome in MS, S1P signaling regulates the cardiovascular function via S1PR1-S1PR3 subtypes, which reside on cardiac myocytes, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In our review, we describe the mechanisms and clinical effects of S1PR modulators on the cardiovascular system. In the past, mostly short-term effects of S1PR modulators on the cardiovascular system have been studied, while data on long-term effects still need to be investigated. Immediate effects detected after treatment initiation are due to parasympathetic overactivation. In contrast, long-term effects may arise from a shift of the autonomic regulation toward sympathetic predominance along with S1PR1 downregulation. A mild increase in blood pressure has been reported in long-term studies, as well as decreased baroreflex sensitivity. In most studies, sustained hypertension was found to represent a significant adverse event related to treatment. The shift in the autonomic control and blood pressure values could not be just a consequence of disease progression but also related to S1PR modulation. Reduced cardiac autonomic activation and decreased heart rate variability during the long-term treatment with S1PR modulators may increase the risk for subsequent cardiac events. For second-generation S1PR modulators, this observation has to be confirmed in further studies with longer follow-ups. The periodic surveillance of cardiovascular function and detection of any cardiac autonomic dysfunction can help predict cardiac outcomes not only after the first dose but also throughout treatment. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY What is the cardiovascular effect of S1P receptor modulator therapy in multiple sclerosis? Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators are among the most efficient therapies for multiple sclerosis. As small molecules, they are not only acting on the immune but on cardiovascular and nervous systems as well. Short-term effects of S1PR modulators on the cardiovascular system have already been extensively described, while long-term effects are less known. Our review describes the mechanisms of action and the short- and long-term effects of these therapeutic agents on the cardiovascular system in different clinical trials. We systematically reviewed the literature that had been published by January 2022. One hundred seven articles were initially identified by title and abstract using targeted keywords, and thirty-nine articles with relevance to cardiovascular effects of S1PR therapy in multiple sclerosis patients were thereafter considered, including their references for further accurate clarification. Studies on fingolimod, the first S1PR modulator approved for treating multiple sclerosis, primarily support the safety profile of this therapeutic class. The second-generation therapeutic agents along with a different treatment initiation approach helped mitigate several of the cardiovascular adverse effects that had previously been observed at the start of treatment. The heart rate may decrease when initiating S1PR modulators and, less commonly, the atrioventricular conduction may be prolonged, requiring cardiac monitoring for the first 6 h of medication. Continuous therapy with S1PR modulators can increase blood pressure values; therefore, the presence of arterial hypertension should be checked during long-term treatment. Periodic surveillance of the cardiovascular and autonomic functions can help predict cardiac outcomes and prevent possible adverse events in S1PR modulators treatment. Further studies with longer follow-ups are needed, especially for the second-generation of S1PR modulators, to confirm the safety profile of this therapeutic class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Constantinescu
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rocco Haase
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Vantaggiato L, Shaba E, Carleo A, Bezzini D, Pannuzzo G, Luddi A, Piomboni P, Bini L, Bianchi L. Neurodegenerative Disorder Risk in Krabbe Disease Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113537. [PMID: 36362324 PMCID: PMC9654610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase gene (GALC). Defective GALC causes aberrant metabolism of galactolipids present almost exclusively in myelin, with consequent demyelinization and neurodegeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system (NS). KD shares some similar features with other neuropathies and heterozygous carriers of GALC mutations are emerging with an increased risk in developing NS disorders. In this work, we set out to identify possible variations in the proteomic profile of KD-carrier brain to identify altered pathways that may imbalance its homeostasis and that may be associated with neurological disorders. The differential analysis performed on whole brains from 33-day-old twitcher (galc −/−), heterozygous (galc +/−), and wild-type mice highlighted the dysregulation of several multifunctional factors in both heterozygous and twitcher mice. Notably, the KD-carrier mouse, despite its normal phenotype, presents the deregulation of vimentin, receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), myelin basic protein (MBP), 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP), transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP), and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 protein (NDRG1) as well as changes in the ubiquitinated-protein pattern. Our findings suggest the carrier may be affected by dysfunctions classically associated with neurodegeneration: (i) alteration of (mechano) signaling and intracellular trafficking, (ii) a generalized affection of proteostasis and lipid metabolism, with possible defects in myelin composition and turnover, and (iii) mitochondrion and energy supply dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Vantaggiato
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enxhi Shaba
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daiana Bezzini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-234938
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Raza Y, Atallah J, Luberto C. Advancements on the Multifaceted Roles of Sphingolipids in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12745. [PMID: 36361536 PMCID: PMC9654982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism plays a complex role in hematological malignancies, beginning with the first historical link between sphingolipids and apoptosis discovered in HL-60 leukemic cells. Numerous manuscripts have reviewed the field including the early discoveries that jumpstarted the studies. Many studies discussed here support a role for sphingolipids, such as ceramide, in combinatorial therapeutic regimens to enhance anti-leukemic effects and reduce resistance to standard therapies. Additionally, inhibitors of specific nodes of the sphingolipid pathway, such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, significantly reduce leukemic cell survival in various types of leukemias. Acid ceramidase inhibitors have also shown promising results in acute myeloid leukemia. As the field moves rapidly, here we aim to expand the body of literature discussed in previously published reviews by focusing on advances reported in the latter part of the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasharah Raza
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jane Atallah
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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45
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Constantinescu V, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. Current status and new developments in sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonism: fingolimod and more. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:675-693. [PMID: 36260948 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2138330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fingolimod was the first oral disease-modifying treatment approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) that serves as a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonist. The efficacy is primarily mediated by S1PR subtype 1 activation, leading to agonist-induced down-modulation of receptor expression and further functional antagonism, blocking the egression of auto-aggressive lymphocytes from the lymph nodes in the peripheral compartment. The role of S1P signaling in the regulation of other pathways in human organisms through different S1PR subtypes has received much attention due to its immune-modulatory function and its significance for the regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). The more selective second-generation S1PR modulators have improved safety and tolerability profiles. AREAS COVERED This review has been carried out based on current data on S1PR modulators, emphasizing the benefits of recent advances in this emergent class of immunomodulatory treatment for MS. EXPERT OPINION Ongoing clinical research suggests that S1PR modulators represent an alternative to first-line therapies in selected cases of MS. A better understanding of the relevance of selective S1PR pathways and the ambition to optimize selective modulation has improved the safety and tolerability of S1PR modulators in MS therapy and opened new perspectives for the treatment of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Constantinescu
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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46
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Disease Reactivation in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Switching from Fingolimod to Siponimod: A Case Series. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206033. [PMID: 36294354 PMCID: PMC9605018 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Siponimod, a selective modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 (S1P1) and 5 (S1P5), has recently been marketed for patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS). Herein, we report three SPMS patients presenting disease reactivation in the first three months after switching from fingolimod to siponimod. Fingolimod binds to S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5 receptors. S1P3 holds a central role in eliciting central proinflammatory responses, thus it has been hypothesized that upregulation of S1P3 may be the mechanism behind relapses after switching from fingolimod to siponimod. Further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of this treatment sequencing.
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Hasan Z, Nguyen TQ, Lam BWS, Wong JHX, Wong CCY, Tan CKH, Yu J, Thiam CH, Zhang Y, Angeli V, Nguyen LN. Postnatal deletion of Spns2 prevents neuroinflammation without compromising blood vascular functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:541. [PMID: 36198832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter that releases S1P to regulate lymphocyte egress and trafficking. Global deletion of Spns2 (Spns2-/-) has been shown to reduce disease severity in several autoimmune disease models. To examine whether Spns2 could be exploited as a drug target, we generated and characterized the mice with postnatal knockout of Spns2 (Spns2-Mx1Cre). Our results showed that Spns2-Mx1Cre mice had significantly low number of lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid organs similar to Spns2-/- mice. Lymph but not plasma S1P levels were significantly reduced in both groups of knockout mice. Our lipidomic results also showed that Spns2 releases different S1P species into lymph. Interestingly, lymphatic vessels in the lymph nodes (LNs) of Spns2-/- and Spns2-Mx1Cre mice exhibited morphological defects. The structures of high endothelial venules (HEV) in the LNs of Spns2-Mx1Cre mice were disorganized. These results indicate that lack of Spns2 affects both S1P secretion and LN vasculatures. Nevertheless, blood vasculature of these Spns2 deficient mice was not different to controls under homeostasis and vascular insults. Importantly, Spns2-Mx1Cre mice were resistant to multiple sclerosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models with significant reduction of pathogenic Th17 cells in the central nervous system (CNS). This study suggests that pharmacological inhibition of Spns2 may be exploited for therapeutic applications in treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Toan Q Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jovi Hui Xin Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Caleb Cheng Yi Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Kai Hui Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jiabo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Life Sciences Institute, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research (CVD) Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore. .,Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore. .,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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S1PR1 serves as a viable drug target against pulmonary fibrosis by increasing the integrity of the endothelial barrier of the lung. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1110-1127. [PMID: 36970190 PMCID: PMC10031262 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with unclear etiology and limited treatment options. The median survival time for IPF patients is approximately 2-3 years and there is no effective intervention to treat IPF other than lung transplantation. As important components of lung tissue, endothelial cells (ECs) are associated with pulmonary diseases. However, the role of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in lung ECs. Its expression is markedly reduced in patients with IPF. Herein, we generated an endothelial-conditional S1pr1 knockout mouse model which exhibited inflammation and fibrosis with or without bleomycin (BLM) challenge. Selective activation of S1PR1 with an S1PR1 agonist, IMMH002, exerted a potent therapeutic effect in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis by protecting the integrity of the endothelial barrier. These results suggest that S1PR1 might be a promising drug target for IPF therapy.
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Xu L, Lu P, Wang Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and other immune-mediated diseases. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Liu R, Du S, Zhao L, Jain S, Sahay K, Rizvanov A, Lezhnyova V, Khaibullin T, Martynova E, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M. Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996469. [PMID: 36211343 PMCID: PMC9539795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads to damage of a neuron’s axon and cell body, which is identified as brain lesions on magnetic resonance image (MRI). The pathogenesis of MS remains largely unknown. However, immune mechanisms, especially those linked to the aberrant lymphocyte activity, are mainly responsible for neuronal damage. Th1 and Th17 populations of lymphocytes were primarily associated with MS pathogenesis. These lymphocytes are essential for differentiation of encephalitogenic CD8+ T cell and Th17 lymphocyte crossing the blood brain barrier and targeting myelin sheath in the CNS. B-lymphocytes could also contribute to MS pathogenesis by producing anti-myelin basic protein antibodies. In later studies, aberrant function of Treg and Th9 cells was identified as contributing to MS. This review summarizes the aberrant function and count of lymphocyte, and the contributions of these cell to the mechanisms of MS. Additionally, we have outlined the novel MS therapeutics aimed to amend the aberrant function or counts of these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shushu Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kritika Sahay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Lezhnyova
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur Khaibullin
- Neurological Department, Republican Clinical Neurological Center, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
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