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Bhandari A, Seguin A, Rothenfluh A. Synaptic Mechanisms of Ethanol Tolerance and Neuroplasticity: Insights from Invertebrate Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6838. [PMID: 38999947 PMCID: PMC11241699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol tolerance is a neuroadaptive response that leads to a reduction in the effects of alcohol caused by previous exposure. Tolerance plays a critical role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) because it leads to the escalation of drinking and dependence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol tolerance is therefore important for the development of effective therapeutics and for understanding addiction in general. This review explores the molecular basis of alcohol tolerance in invertebrate models, Drosophila and C. elegans, focusing on synaptic transmission. Both organisms exhibit biphasic responses to ethanol and develop tolerance similar to that of mammals. Furthermore, the availability of several genetic tools makes them a great candidate to study the molecular basis of ethanol response. Studies in invertebrate models show that tolerance involves conserved changes in the neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, and synaptic proteins. These neuroadaptive changes lead to a change in neuronal excitability, most likely to compensate for the enhanced inhibition by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Bhandari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra Seguin
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Kirk-Provencher KT, Sloan ME, Andereas K, Erickson CJ, Hakimi RH, Penner AE, Gowin JL. Neural responses to reward, threat, and emotion regulation and transition to hazardous alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae043. [PMID: 38953742 PMCID: PMC11217988 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Reward processing and regulation of emotions are thought to impact the development of addictive behaviors. In this study, we aimed to determine whether neural responses during reward anticipation, threat appraisal, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reappraisal predicted the transition from low-level to hazardous alcohol use over a 12-month period. METHODS Seventy-eight individuals aged 18-22 with low-level alcohol use [i.e. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score <7] at baseline were enrolled. They completed reward-based and emotion regulation tasks during magnetic resonance imaging to examine reward anticipation, emotional reactivity, cognitive reappraisal, and threat anticipation (in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, superior frontal gyrus, and insula, respectively). Participants completed self-report measures at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up time points to determine if they transitioned to hazardous use (as defined by AUDIT scores ≥8). RESULTS Of the 57 participants who completed follow-up, 14 (24.6%) transitioned to hazardous alcohol use. Higher baseline AUDIT scores were associated with greater odds of transitioning to hazardous use (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.66, P = .005). Brain activation to reward, threat, and emotion regulation was not associated with alcohol use. Of the neural variables, the amygdala response to negative imagery was numerically larger in young adults who transitioned to hazardous use (g = 0.31), but this effect was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Baseline drinking levels were significantly associated with the transition to hazardous alcohol use. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up should test whether the amygdala response to negative emotional imagery can be used to indicate a future transition to hazardous alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Kirk-Provencher
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St. Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 620 University Ave. Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 479 Spadina Ave. Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Cooper J Erickson
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Rosa H Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Anne E Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Joshua L Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Das S, Singh LK, Tikka SK, Spoorthy MS, Mandal S, Soni PK, Nandan NK. Cognitive impairment in 'non-user' first-degree relatives of persons with cannabis dependence syndrome: A pilot, endophenotype study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:346-354. [PMID: 37726210 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis use disorders are global emerging problem nowadays, with high prevalence and morbidity. Cognitive impairments, and also corresponding genetic vulnerability, has been fairly replicated in individuals with cannabis dependence. However, there are few studies that assess cognitive functioning as an endophenotype or a trait marker for cannabis dependence. While the primary objective of this study was to assess the endophenotype pattern of cognitive dysfunction in cannabis dependence, assessing the association between the degree of cognitive functioning, and their socio-demographic and clinical variables in the cannabis dependence patients and their first-degree relatives was the secondary objective. METHODOLOGY We compared cognitive functioning across three groups- patients with cannabis dependence syndrome, their 'non-user' first-degree relatives and healthy controls, with 30 participants in each group. Five cognitive domains- attention and concentration, verbal fluency, memory, visuospatial ability and executive functions were assessed. We assessed for endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses of Kruskal-Wallis test, which was corrected for multiple comparisons. Subsequently, correlation analysis to assess association of cognitive impairment with socio-demographic and clinical variables was conducted. RESULTS Although impairment in attention and executive functions also was seen in patients with cannabis dependence, endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses, with impairment in first-degree relatives too, was seen in all sub-scores of verbal fluency and verbal memory. None of the correlations were significant. CONCLUSION 'Non-user' first-degree relatives of patients with cannabis dependence too show significant cognitive impairment. Verbal fluency and verbal memory are possible endophenotypes or trait markers for cannabis dependence syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrayasi Das
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Neethu K Nandan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
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Spinelli S, Cunningham C, Prescott J, Monteleone E, Dinnella C, Proserpio C, White TL. Sweet liking predicts liking and familiarity of some alcoholic beverages, but not alcohol intake: A population study using a split-sample approach. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114155. [PMID: 38760118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Sweetness has been proposed to be an important quality in the decision to consume alcohol, and strong preferences for sweet tastes have been associated with alcohol abuse. However, alcohol is characterized by a number of other sensory properties, including astringency and bitterness that may drive preference and consumption. Spinelli et al. (2021) classified individuals into three sweet-sensory liking clusters (High Sweet-Liking, Moderate Sweet-Liking, and Inverted-U) that differed in their sweetness optima and sensory-liking patterns (relationship between liking and sweetness, bitterness and astringency perception in a food model). The current paper replicates the sweet sensory-liking clusters in a new set of participants (n = 1976), and extends the predicted value of these clusters examining their relationship to wine and other types of alcoholic beverages by gender using a split-sample approach on a total of over 3000 adults. The sweet sensory-liking clusters had a predictive relationship for the familiarity and liking of some alcoholic beverages characterized by stronger tastes, but not weekly alcohol intake levels. Thus, although sweet sensory-liking clusters may be associated with the type of beverages and frequency with which a person will drink and enjoy a type of alcoholic beverage, they are poor predictors of the quantity of alcohol that a person ingests over the course of a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spinelli
- SensoryLab, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy.
| | | | - J Prescott
- SensoryLab, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy; TasteMatters Research & Consulting, Sydney, Australia
| | - E Monteleone
- SensoryLab, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
| | - C Dinnella
- SensoryLab, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
| | - C Proserpio
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - T L White
- Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Stephenson M, Lannoy S, Edwards AC. Shared genetic liability for alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and suicide attempt: Evaluating the role of impulsivity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:87. [PMID: 36899000 PMCID: PMC10006209 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy drinking and diagnosis with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are consistently associated with risk for suicide attempt (SA). Though the shared genetic architecture among alcohol consumption and problems (ACP) and SA remains largely uncharacterized, impulsivity has been proposed as a heritable, intermediate phenotype for both alcohol problems and suicidal behavior. The present study investigated the extent to which shared liability for ACP and SA is genetically related to five dimensions of impulsivity. Analyses incorporated summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of alcohol consumption (N = 160,824), problems (N = 160,824), and dependence (N = 46,568), alcoholic drinks per week (N = 537,349), suicide attempt (N = 513,497), impulsivity (N = 22,861), and extraversion (N = 63,030). We used genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM) to, first, estimate a common factor model with alcohol consumption, problems, and dependence, drinks per week, and SA included as indicators. Next, we evaluated the correlations between this common genetic factor and five factors representing genetic liability to negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, sensation-seeking, and lack of perseverance. Common genetic liability to ACP and SA was significantly correlated with all five impulsive personality traits examined (rs = 0.24-0.53, ps < 0.002), and the largest correlation was with lack of premeditation, though supplementary analyses suggested that these findings were potentially more strongly influenced by ACP than SA. These analyses have potential implications for screening and prevention: Impulsivity can be comprehensively assessed in childhood, whereas heavy drinking and suicide attempt are quite rare prior to adolescence. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that features of impulsivity may serve as early indicators of genetic risk for alcohol problems and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Popova D, Gameiro-Ros I, Youssef MM, Zalamea P, Morris AD, Prytkova I, Jadali A, Kwan KY, Kamarajan C, Salvatore JE, Xuei X, Chorlian DB, Porjesz B, Kuperman S, Dick DM, Goate A, Edenberg HJ, Tischfield JA, Pang ZP, Slesinger PA, Hart RP. Alcohol reverses the effects of KCNJ6 (GIRK2) noncoding variants on excitability of human glutamatergic neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:746-758. [PMID: 36207584 PMCID: PMC9542475 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synonymous and noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the KCNJ6 gene, encoding G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunit 2 (GIRK2), have been linked with increased electroencephalographic frontal theta event-related oscillations (ERO) in subjects diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). To identify molecular and cellular mechanisms while retaining the appropriate genetic background, we generated induced excitatory glutamatergic neurons (iN) from iPSCs derived from four AUD-diagnosed subjects with KCNJ6 variants ("Affected: AF") and four control subjects without variants ("Unaffected: UN"). Neurons were analyzed for changes in gene expression, morphology, excitability and physiological properties. Single-cell RNA sequencing suggests that KCNJ6 AF variant neurons have altered patterns of synaptic transmission and cell projection morphogenesis. Results confirm that AF neurons express lower levels of GIRK2, have greater neurite area, and elevated excitability. Interestingly, exposure to intoxicating concentrations of ethanol induces GIRK2 expression and reverses functional effects in AF neurons. Ectopic overexpression of GIRK2 alone mimics the effect of ethanol to normalize induced excitability. We conclude that KCNJ6 variants decrease GIRK2 expression and increase excitability and that this effect can be minimized or reduced with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Popova
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Isabel Gameiro-Ros
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark M Youssef
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Petronio Zalamea
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ayeshia D Morris
- Joint Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Iya Prytkova
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Azadeh Jadali
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kelvin Y Kwan
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Child Health Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Denham AN, Drake J, Gavrilov M, Taylor ZN, Bacanu SA, Vladimirov VI. Long Non-Coding RNAs: The New Frontier into Understanding the Etiology of Alcohol Use Disorder. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040059. [PMID: 36005827 PMCID: PMC9415279 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, chronic, debilitating condition impacting millions worldwide. Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNAs, commonly referred to as the “dark matter” of the genome, with little to no protein-coding potential. LncRNAs have been implicated in numerous processes critical for cell survival, suggesting that they play important functional roles in regulating different cell processes. LncRNAs were also shown to display higher tissue specificity than protein-coding genes and have a higher abundance in the brain and central nervous system, demonstrating a possible role in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Indeed, genetic (e.g., genome-wide association studies (GWAS)), molecular (e.g., expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL)) and epigenetic studies from postmortem brain tissues have identified a growing list of lncRNAs associated with neuropsychiatric and substance use disorders. Given that the expression patterns of lncRNAs have been associated with widespread changes in the transcriptome, including methylation, chromatin architecture, and activation or suppression of translational activity, the regulatory nature of lncRNAs may be ubiquitous and an innate component of gene regulation. In this review, we present a synopsis of the functional impact that lncRNAs may play in the etiology of AUD. We also discuss the classifications of lncRNAs, their known functional roles, and therapeutic advancements in the field of lncRNAs to further clarify the functional relationship between lncRNAs and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N. Denham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - John Drake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- MSCI Program, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Matthew Gavrilov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Zachary N. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Departent of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Vladimir I. Vladimirov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Departent of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Genetics Interdisciplinary Program, College Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Zhu T, Becquey C, Chen Y, Lejuez CW, Li CSR, Bi J. Identifying alcohol misuse biotypes from neural connectivity markers and concurrent genetic associations. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:253. [PMID: 35710901 PMCID: PMC9203552 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use behaviors are highly heterogeneous, posing significant challenges to etiologic research of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides intermediate endophenotypes in characterizing problem alcohol use and assessing the genetic architecture of addictive behavior. We used connectivity features derived from resting state functional MRI to subtype alcohol misuse (AM) behavior. With a machine learning pipeline of feature selection, dimension reduction, clustering, and classification we identified three AM biotypes-mild, comorbid, and moderate AM biotypes (MIA, COA, and MOA)-from a Human Connectome Project (HCP) discovery sample (194 drinkers). The three groups and controls (397 non-drinkers) demonstrated significant differences in alcohol use frequency during the heaviest 12-month drinking period (MOA > MIA; COA > non-drinkers) and were distinguished by connectivity features involving the frontal, parietal, subcortical and default mode networks. Further, COA relative to MIA, MOA and controls endorsed significantly higher scores in antisocial personality. A genetic association study identified that an alcohol use and antisocial behavior related variant rs16930842 from LINC01414 was significantly associated with COA. Using a replication HCP sample (28 drinkers and 46 non-drinkers), we found that subtyping helped in classifying AM from controls (area under the curve or AUC = 0.70, P < 0.005) in comparison to classifiers without subtyping (AUC = 0.60, not significant) and successfully reproduced the genetic association. Together, the results suggest functional connectivities as important features in classifying AM subgroups and the utility of reducing the heterogeneity in connectivity features among AM subgroups in advancing the research of etiological neural markers of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chloe Becquey
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carl W Lejuez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinbo Bi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Sliedrecht W, Roozen HG, Witkiewitz K, de Waart R, Dom G. The Association Between Impulsivity and Relapse in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Literature Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:637-650. [PMID: 33382416 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Impulsivity has been identified as a key relapse risk factor in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the inherent characteristics of this relationship have been largely understudied. The heterogeneity of AUD and variation in impulsivity constructs require careful consideration to inform future work examining the relationship. This study sought to review empirical findings examining facets of impulsivity and AUD relapse. METHODS A systematic search strategy was employed to capture studies on impulsivity measures related to AUD relapse. Impulsivity measures were qualitatively organized in terms of 'trait impulsivity'-typically measured by self-report questionnaires-and 'behavioural impulsivity', i.e. 'motor impulsivity', 'impulsive choice' and 'reflection impulsivity, assessed with cognitive-behavioural tasks. RESULTS Seventeen peer-reviewed papers were identified. Relapse outcomes varied substantially in relation to impulsivity measures. Twelve papers included aspects of 'trait impulsivity', and nine studies included 'behavioural impulsivity' measures, from which five studies dealt with the 'impulsive choice' subcategory. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale was the self-report questionnaire that was most frequently used. CONCLUSIONS All three included facets of impulsivity ('trait-, motor- and impulsive choice impulsivity') were associated with AUD relapse, but none seemed to be superior to another. This study confirmed that research on the relation between impulsivity and AUD relapse is relatively scarce. Future research and treatment options are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco Sliedrecht
- De Hoop GGZ, Provincialeweg 70, 3329 KP Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Roozen
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico (UNM), MSC 11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- The University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ranne de Waart
- Mentrum/Arkin, Domselaerstraat 126, 1093 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Boness CL, Watts AL, Moeller KN, Sher KJ. The Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Translational Systematic Review of Reviews. Psychol Bull 2021; 147:1075-1123. [PMID: 35295672 PMCID: PMC8923643 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern nosologies (e.g., ICD-11, DSM-5) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and dependence prioritize reliability and clinical presentation over etiology, resulting in a diagnosis that is not always strongly grounded in basic theory and research. Within these nosologies, DSM-5 AUD is treated as a discrete, largely categorical, but graded, phenomenon, which results in additional challenges (e.g., significant phenotypic heterogeneity). Efforts to increase the compatibility between AUD diagnosis and modern conceptualizations of alcohol dependence, which describe it as dimensional and partially overlapping with other psychopathology (e.g., other substance use disorders) will inspire a stronger scientific framework and strengthen AUD's validity. We conducted a systematic review of 144 reviews to integrate addiction constructs and theories into a comprehensive framework with the aim of identifying fundamental mechanisms implicated in AUD. The product of this effort was the Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework (ETOH Framework) of AUD mechanisms, which outlines superdomains of cognitive control, reward, as well as negative valence and emotionality, each of which subsume narrower, hierarchically-organized components. We also outline opponent processes and self-awareness as key moderators of AUD mechanisms. In contrast with other frameworks, we recommend an increased conceptual role for negative valence and compulsion in AUD. The ETOH framework serves as a critical step towards conceptualizations of AUD as dimensional and heterogeneous. It has the potential to improve AUD assessment and aid in the development of evidence-based diagnostic measures that focus on key mechanisms in AUD, consequently facilitating treatment matching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
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11
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Nieto SJ, Grodin EN, Aguirre CG, Izquierdo A, Ray LA. Translational opportunities in animal and human models to study alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:496. [PMID: 34588417 PMCID: PMC8481537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and human laboratory paradigms offer invaluable approaches to study the complex etiologies and mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We contend that human laboratory models provide a "bridge" between preclinical and clinical studies of AUD by allowing for well-controlled experimental manipulations in humans with AUD. As such, examining the consilience between experimental models in animals and humans in the laboratory provides unique opportunities to refine the translational utility of such models. The overall goal of the present review is to provide a systematic description and contrast of commonly used animal paradigms for the study of AUD, as well as their human laboratory analogs if applicable. While there is a wide breadth of animal species in AUD research, the paradigms discussed in this review rely predominately on rodent research. The overarching goal of this effort is to provide critical analysis of these animal models and to link them to human laboratory models of AUD. By systematically contrasting preclinical and controlled human laboratory models, we seek to identify opportunities to enhance their translational value through forward and reverse translation. We provide future directions to reconcile differences between animal and human work and to improve translational research for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Nieto
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Claudia G. Aguirre
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alicia Izquierdo
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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12
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Braun TD, Kunicki ZJ, Blevins CE, Stein MD, Marsh E, Feltus S, Miranda R, Thomas JG, Abrantes AM. Prospective Associations between Attitudes toward Sweet Foods, Sugar Consumption, and Cravings for Alcohol and Sweets in Early Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorders. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021; 39:269-281. [PMID: 34566252 DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2020.1868958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweet liking (heightened preference for highly-sweet solutions) is linked to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and relapse, as well as attitudes towards sweet foods - use of sugar to cope with negative affect (sweet-cope), and impaired control over sweets consumption (sweet-control). This prospective analysis of individuals with AUD (N=26) participating in an Alcohol and Drug partial hospitalization program observed increases in self-reported sugar consumption and sweet craving from Time 1 (T1) to Time 2 (T2; 4 weeks later). Sweet-cope (T1) predicted T2 sweet craving. In an exploratory cross-lagged panel model, sweet-cope predicted sugar consumption and sweet craving at T1 and T2, and alcohol craving at T2. This pattern of results suggests the hypothesis that use of sugar to regulate negative affect may prove a novel, modifiable risk mechanism of the association between sweet liking and relapse. Sweet-cope may also prove an intervention target for improving nutrition and weight-related factors in early recovery. Future research in larger sample sizes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca D Braun
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Claire E Blevins
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Michael D Stein
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital.,Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Eliza Marsh
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Sage Feltus
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital.,Department of Psychology, Binghamton University
| | - Robert Miranda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - John G Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
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13
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Genetic association of FKBP5 with trait resilience in Korean male patients with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18454. [PMID: 34531492 PMCID: PMC8445975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The FKBP5 gene is known to have an important role in alcohol use disorder (AUD) in response to stress and has been reported to affect stress responses by interacting with childhood trauma. This study investigated the effects of the FKBP5 polymorphism rs1360780 and childhood trauma on trait resilience in male patients with AUD. In addition, allele-specific associations between FKBP5 DNA methylation and resilience were examined. In total, 297 men with AUD were assessed for alcohol use severity, childhood trauma, resilience, and impulsivity. Genotyping for FKBP5 rs1360780 and DNA methylation were analyzed. The effects of the rs1360780 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and clinical variables on resilience were tested using linear regression analysis. Possible associations between FKBP5 DNA methylation and resilience were tested with partial correlation analysis. The rs1360780 risk allele, a low education level, and high impulsivity were associated with diminished resilience, whereas no significant main or interaction effect of childhood trauma with the SNP rs1360780 genotype on resilience was shown. No significant association between FKBP5 DNA methylation and resilience was found. The present study demonstrated the involvement of the rs1360780 risk allele in trait resilience in men with AUD, suggesting that the genetic vulnerability of FKBP5 may influence resilience related to AUD.
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14
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Kampov-Polevoy A, Bobashev G, Garbutt JC. Exploration of the Impact of Combining Risk Phenotypes on the Likelihood of Alcohol Problems in Young Adults. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:357-363. [PMID: 34272558 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We tested the hypothesis that high novelty seeking (NS-an externalizing trait), sweet-liking (SL-a phenotype that may reflect processing of hedonic stimuli) and initial insensitivity to the impairing effects of alcohol (SRE-A) act independently and synergistically to increase the likelihood of having alcohol-related problems in young adults. METHODS A sample of 145 young adults, ages 18-26, balanced for gender and alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores <8 or ≥8 were selected from a prior sample. NS, SL and SRE-A were assessed along with AUDIT score and family history of alcoholism (FH). The effect of phenotypes and their interaction on the likelihood of alcohol problems was assessed. RESULTS All three phenotypes contribute to the total AUDIT score. The best-fitting model explaining 35.8% of AUDIT variance includes all three phenotypes and an interaction between NS and SL/sweet-disliking (SDL) status. The addition of FH to the model explains an additional 4% of variance in both models. Classification and regression tree analysis showed that the main phenotype influencing AUDIT score is NS. The SL/SDL phenotype is a strong modifying factor for high NS. SRE-A was shown to be a weak modifier for individuals with low NS. CONCLUSION The evidence supports the hypothesis that the presence of multiple alcohol use disorders (AUD) risk phenotypes with different underlying neurobiological mechanisms within an individual (SL, NS and SRE-A) represents a higher likelihood for developing alcohol-related problems and may allow for a graded assessment of risk for AUD and offer the possibility for early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kampov-Polevoy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Georgiy Bobashev
- Center for Data Science, RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James C Garbutt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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Harper J, Malone SM, Iacono WG. Parietal P3 and midfrontal theta prospectively predict the development of adolescent alcohol use. Psychol Med 2021; 51:416-425. [PMID: 31736455 PMCID: PMC7231637 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical adolescent alcohol use is highly prevalent and may have deleterious effects on important psychosocial and brain outcomes. Prior research has focused on identifying endophenotypes of pathological drinking, and the predictors of normative drinking remain understudied. This study investigated the incremental predictive value of two potential psychophysiological endophenotypes, P3 amplitude (an index of decision making) and midfrontal theta power (a correlate of attentional control), for prospectively predicting the expression and initiation of alcohol use emerging in adolescence. METHODS A large (N = 594) epidemiological sample was prospectively assessed at ages 11/14/17. Alcohol/substance use was assessed at all ages via a computerized self-report inventory. EEG was recorded at age-14 during a visual oddball task to elicit P3 and theta. RESULTS Reduced target-related P3 and theta at age-14 prospectively predicted drinking at age-17 independent of one another. Among alcohol-naive individuals at age-14, attenuated P3 and theta increased the odds of new-onset alcohol behaviors 3 years later. Importantly, the endophenotypes provided significant incremental predictive power of future non-clinical alcohol use beyond relevant risk factors (prior alcohol use; tobacco/illicit drug initiation; parental alcohol use disorder). CONCLUSIONS The current report is the first of our knowledge to demonstrate that deviations in parietal P3 and midfrontal theta prospectively predict the emergence of normative/non-pathological drinking. P3 and theta provide modest yet significant explanatory variance beyond prominent self-report and familial risk measures. Findings offer strong evidence supporting the predictive utility of P3 and theta as candidate endophenotypes for adolescent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harper
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
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16
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Soledad Fernández M, Edward Nizhnikov M, García Virgolini R, Marcos Pautassi R. Prediction of ethanol self-administration in pre-weanling, adolescent, and young adult rats. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:378-384. [PMID: 33629398 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) use is almost normative by late adolescence, in most western countries. It is important to identify factors that distinguish those who progress from alcohol initiation to sustained use of the drug, from those that keep a controlled pattern of drinking. The factors precipitating this transition may change across development. This study analyzed associations between behavioral endophenotypes and ethanol intake at three developmental periods. Exp. 1 measured ethanol drinking at postnatal day 18, via an intraoral infusion procedure, in male or female pre-weanling rats screened for anxiety response in the light-dark box test and for distance traveled in a novel open field. Exp. 2 measured, in juvenile/adolescent or young adult rats, the association between shelter seeking, exploratory/risk-taking behaviors, anxiety or hedonic responses, and ethanol intake. Ethanol intake in pre-weanlings was explained by distance traveled in a novel environment, whereas anxiety responses, measured in the multivariate concentric square field apparatus (MSCF), selectively predicted ethanol intake at adolescence, but not at adulthood. Those juvenile/adolescents with lower mean duration of visit to areas of the MSCF that evoke anxiogenic responses exhibited heightened ethanol intake. These findings suggest that the association between anxiety and ethanol intake may be specifically relevant during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Rodrigo García Virgolini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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17
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Szabo YZ, Breeding T, Hejl C, Guleria RS, Nelson SM, Zambrano-Vazquez L. Cortisol as a Biomarker of Alcohol Use in Combat Veterans: A Literature Review and Framework for Future Research. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:322-335. [PMID: 32493131 PMCID: PMC7483986 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1771504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are an increasing concern among veterans, particularly those from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The study of biomarkers in alcohol use and AUD has moved to enhancing the understanding of the development and maintenance of AUDs, as well as investigating its association with clinical severity and potential predictors of treatment response. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid known as a stress hormone, has been linked with both stress and trauma, as well as increased alcohol suppression effects. Method/Results: The present review summarizes existing literature and presents suggestions for future research to evaluate whether cortisol may be a possible biomarker of alcohol use disorder risk in combat veterans. Specifically, aspects of combat deployments and high levels of PTSD, coupled with the stress of reintegration may dysregulate cortisol and increase risk to AUD. There may also be bidirectional impacts, such that alcohol is used as a coping mechanism and can dysregulate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and cortisol. Conclusions: In the context of this framework, cortisol may serve as a biomarker for the development of AUD, as well as a biomarker of risk or relapse. This review ends with both theoretical and clinical implications, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Z Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Tessa Breeding
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christina Hejl
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.,Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laura Zambrano-Vazquez
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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18
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Park CI, Kim HW, Hwang SS, Kang JI, Kim SJ. Association of PPM1G methylation with risk-taking in alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5490. [PMID: 32218500 PMCID: PMC7099006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic and relapsing disease with a substantial genetic influence. Given the recent discovery of the association of PPM1G methylation with alcohol use disorder (AUD) from a genome-wide methylation study, we sought to verify and extend the previous work of AUD-related impulsivity in a Korean population with AUD. A total of 244 men with AUD were assessed for psychological characteristics and behavioral impulsivity using stop signal task (response inhibition) and Balloon Analog Risk Task (risk-taking). Leukocyte DNA methylation at PPM1G was quantified using pyrosequencing. The effects of PPM1G methylation on severity of problematic drinking measured by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and multidimensional impulsivity were tested using linear regression analyses. Hypermethylation of PPM1G was significantly associated with risk-taking propensity among men with AUD. No significant association of PPM1G methylation was found to be associated with AUDIT scores and response inhibition. Our findings indicate that altered methylation of PPM1G may influence the impulsive choice of risk-taking in AUD. Further research is required in order to determine the role of PPM1G in the pathophysiology of AUD and multidimensional impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Il Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Syung Shick Hwang
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Müschen LH, Rhein M, Hoppe V, John N, Schwabe K, Frieling H, Bleich S, Muschler MAN. Alcohol Withdrawal and Proopiomelanocortin Neuropeptides in an Animal Model of Alcohol Dependence. Neuropsychobiology 2020; 78:118-127. [PMID: 31117084 DOI: 10.1159/000499844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is one of the leading threats to health worldwide. Craving for alcohol makes abstinence a difficult challenge by maintaining alcohol dependence. Many studies suppose the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, especially the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived neuropeptides, to mediate craving during withdrawal in alcohol dependence. Evidence is available that the two POMC proteins, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and β-endorphin (β-END) are altered by alcohol consumption and influence alcohol consumption, respectively. OBJECTIVES We investigated the dynamics of α-MSH and β-END during alcohol withdrawal and the influence of intraperitoneal administration of either α-MSH or β-END in an established rodent model (Wistar rats) for alcohol dependence. RESULTS After long-term alcohol self-administration over 12 months and repeated deprivation periods for 3 days, we found a significant decrease in α-MSH levels during withdrawal in rodents (p = 0.006) compared to controls, while β-END levels remained unchanged. Treatment with intraperitoneally administered α-MSH and β-END did not affect alcohol drinking behavior after deprivation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the effects of alcohol deprivation on α-MSH in alcohol-dependent rodents, which appear to mimic α-MSH alteration found after fasting periods during appetite regulation. Therefore, low α-MSH levels are a possible indicator for craving in alcohol-dependent individuals and hence would be a potential target for anti-craving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hendrik Müschen
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Departmentof Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Viktoria Hoppe
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Franziskus Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nadine John
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc André Nicolas Muschler
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, .,Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
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20
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Kovács I, Demeter I, Janka Z, Demetrovics Z, Maraz A, Andó B. Different aspects of impulsivity in chronic alcohol use disorder with and without comorbid problem gambling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227645. [PMID: 31999707 PMCID: PMC6992191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and problem gambling are highly comorbid disorders. This study aims to explore the role of four aspects of impulsivity (trait concept of impulsivity, choice impulsivity, impulsive aggression and response inhibition/decision-making) in long-term chronic AUD patients with and without problem or pathological gambling symptoms. METHODS Cognitively intact chronic AUD patients were enrolled with (n = 32) and without (n = 71) problem gambling symptoms in an inpatient clinic for chronic alcohol users. Multiple facets of impulsivity, cognitive ability, psychopathological symptoms, alcohol and gambling severity were measured. RESULTS Chronic AUD patients with gambling disorder symptoms showed longer lifetime alcohol consumption, more severe alcohol use and higher psychopathological symptom severity than AUD patients without gambling symptoms. Gambling severity correlated with overall trait impulsivity, but not with choice impulsivity, impulsive aggression or cognitive impulsivity with controlling for lifetime alcohol consumption, lifetime alcohol use and psychopathological symptom severity. High trait impulsivity and non-planning was associated with comorbid gambling symptoms in AUD patients, which was independent of the level of intelligence, age and psychopathological symptoms. CONCLUSION Comorbid gambling disorder symptoms in chronic AUD was connected to more severe alcohol-related variables. Higher trait impulsivity was also linked with gambling disorder symptoms in patients with chronic AUD. This accents the need of special focus on comorbid GD symptoms in AUD, since prognosis and treatment for them may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Demeter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Janka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Maraz
- Institute für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bálint Andó
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Harper J, Malone SM, Iacono WG. Target-related parietal P3 and medial frontal theta index the genetic risk for problematic substance use. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13383. [PMID: 31012496 PMCID: PMC6697141 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical work suggests that problematic substance use (PSU) is associated with individual differences in prefrontal cortex activity. While research has strongly linked parietal P3 amplitude reduction (P3AR) to genetic risk for problematic substance use, few studies have tested whether prefrontal EEG measures are sensitive to this genetic liability. In addition to P3, oddball target detection tasks elicit medial frontal theta power, reflecting attentional allocation, and parietal delta, indexing decision making or stimulus-response link updating. Midfrontal theta and parietal delta may index neurocognitive processes relevant to PSU beyond P3AR. The present investigation examined the etiological relationship between PSU and P3, frontal theta, and parietal delta in a large twin sample (N = 754). EEG was recorded during a visual oddball task. Greater PSU was associated with reduced target P3 amplitude and midfrontal theta/parietal delta power, and increased mean reaction time and reaction time variability (RTV; indexing attentional fluctuations). P3, theta, and RTV, but not delta or mean RT, explained unique variance in PSU (R2 = 0.04). Twin biometric modeling indicated a genetic relationship between PSU and P3, theta, and RTV. Theta accounted for distinct genetic variance in PSU beyond P3 and RTV. Together, 23% of the total additive genetic variance in PSU was explained by the three endophenotypes. Results replicate P3AR as an endophenotype and provide support for additional behavioral (RTV) and neurophysiological (midfrontal theta) endophenotypes of PSU. Reduced theta and greater RTV may reflect variations in a prefrontal attentional network that confers genetic risk for substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harper
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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22
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Holcomb LA, Huang S, Cruz SM, Marinkovic K. Neural oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control in young adult binge drinkers. Biol Psychol 2019; 146:107732. [PMID: 31344371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is often characterized by heavy episodic, or binge drinking, which has been on the rise. The aim of this study was to examine the neural dynamics of inhibitory control in demographically matched groups of young, healthy adults (N = 61) who reported engaging in binge (BD) or light drinking patterns (LD). Electroencephalography signal was recorded during a fast-paced visual Go/NoGo paradigm probing the ability to inhibit prepotent responses. No group differences were found in task performance. BDs showed attenuated event-related theta (4-7 Hz) on inhibition trials compared to LDs, which correlated with binge episodes and alcohol consumption but not with measures of mood or disposition including impulsivity. A greater overall decrease of early beta power (15-25 Hz) in BDs may indicate deficient preparatory "inhibitory brake" before deliberate responding. The results are consistent with deficits in the inhibitory control circuitry and are suggestive of allostatic neuroadaptive changes associated with binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Holcomb
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Stephen M Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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23
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Martins JS, Bartholow BD, Cooper ML, Irvin KM, Piasecki TM. Interactive Effects of Naturalistic Drinking Context and Alcohol Sensitivity on Neural Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Responses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1777-1789. [PMID: 31233217 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence indicates that a low level of subjective response to alcohol's acute effects (i.e., low sensitivity) is associated with enhanced risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent work suggests that the highest risk response profile consists of blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedation-like effects, coupled with enhanced sensitivity to alcohol's stimulation-like effects (i.e., differential sensitivity). A largely separate body of work indicates that enhanced reactivity to alcohol-related cues is associated with increased AUD risk. AIMS The current research examined the extent to which variability in alcohol response phenotypes is associated with enhanced P3 event-related potential (ERP) responses to alcohol-related pictures (ACR-P3), and whether this reactivity varies according to depicted drinking contexts. METHODS Eighty young adults (aged 18 to 33 years) completed a self-report measure of alcohol sensitivity (the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire) and viewed images depicting drinking in naturalistic contexts, alcohol and nonalcohol beverages in isolation (devoid of naturalistic drinking context), and neutral nonbeverage control images while ERPs were recorded. RESULTS Results indicated that blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedative-like effects was differentially associated with enhanced ACR-P3 but reduced P3 reactivity to nonalcohol cues. Variation in sensitivity to alcohol's stimulant-like effects was not associated with differential ACR-P3. Contrary to predictions, these effects were not potentiated by drinking contexts. CONCLUSIONS The current results replicate and extend previous work linking low alcohol sensitivity with enhanced incentive salience for alcohol-related cues and suggest that cues depicting drinking contexts are less likely to differentiate high-risk from low-risk drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Martins
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M Lynne Cooper
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kelsey M Irvin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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24
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Hartwell EE, Kranzler HR. Pharmacogenetics of alcohol use disorder treatments: an update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:553-564. [PMID: 31162983 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1628218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent; costly economically, socially, and interpersonally; and grossly undertreated. The low rate of utilization of medications with demonstrated (albeit modest) efficacy is particularly noteworthy. One approach to increasing the utility and safety of available medications is to use a precision medicine approach, which seeks to identify patients for whom specific medications are likely to be most efficacious and have the fewest adverse effects. Areas Covered: We review the literature on the pharmacogenetics of AUD treatment using both approved and off-label medications. We cover both laboratory studies and clinical trials, highlighting valuable mechanistic insights and underscoring the potential value of precision-based care for AUD. Expert Opinion: Pharmacotherapy can be a useful component of AUD treatment. Currently, the evidence regarding genetic predictors of medication efficacy is very limited. Thus, a precision medicine approach is not yet ready for widespread clinical implementation. Further research is needed to identify candidate genetic variants that moderate the response to both established and novel medications. The growing availability of large-scale, longitudinal datasets that enable the synthesis of genetic and electronic health record data provides important opportunities to develop this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Hartwell
- a Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center , Crescenz VAMC , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- a Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center , Crescenz VAMC , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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25
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Davis CN, Slutske WS, Martin NG, Agrawal A, Lynskey MT. Genetic Epidemiology of Liability for Alcohol-Induced Blacking and Passing Out. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1103-1112. [PMID: 31063677 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals differ in their sensitivity to alcohol's physiological effects, including blacking and passing out. Blackouts are periods of impaired memory formation when an individual engages in activities they later cannot recall, while passing out results in loss of consciousness. METHODS The sample consisted of 3,292 adult twins from the Australian Twin Registry. Univariate twin analyses were conducted to examine the contributions of genetic and environmental influences to blacking and passing out occurrence and susceptibility (accounting for frequency of intoxication). Evidence for shared etiology of susceptibility to blacking and passing out was examined using bivariate twin analyses. RESULTS Although blacking and passing out were strongly associated (odds ratio (OR) = 4.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): [3.85, 5.14]), the genetic epidemiology was quite different. Genetic (43%) and nonshared environmental (57%) influences contributed to liability for blackout occurrence. For passing out occurrence, there was evidence of sex differences. Among men, genetic (32%) and nonshared environmental (68%) influences contributed, whereas among women, there were shared (29%) and nonshared environmental (72%) influences. After accounting for frequency of intoxication, genetic influences on blackout susceptibility remained significant; in contrast, only nonshared environmental influences were significant for passing out susceptibility. There was evidence for overlapping genetic and nonshared environmental factors influencing susceptibility to blacking and passing out among men; among women, there were overlapping nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS Blacking and passing out are 2 common sedative-like effects of heavy drinking, and people differ considerably in their susceptibility to these effects. This study suggests that differences in blackout susceptibility can be explained by genetic factors in both men and women, while differences in susceptibility to pass out after consuming alcohol may be attributable to environmental influences, particularly among women. These environmental factors may include changing social and cultural norms about alcohol use, drinking context, and the type(s) of alcohol consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael T Lynskey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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26
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Correas A, López-Caneda E, Beaton L, Holguín SR, García-Moreno LM, Antón-Toro LF, Cadaveira F, Maestú F, Marinkovic K. Decreased event-related theta power and phase-synchrony in young binge drinkers during target detection: An anatomically-constrained MEG approach. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:335-346. [PMID: 30355025 PMCID: PMC6401286 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118805498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of binge drinking has risen in recent years. It is associated with a range of neurocognitive deficits among adolescents and young emerging adults who are especially vulnerable to alcohol use. Attention is an essential dimension of executive functioning and attentional disturbances may be associated with hazardous drinking. The aim of the study was to examine the oscillatory neural dynamics of attentional control during visual target detection in emerging young adults as a function of binge drinking. METHOD In total, 51 first-year university students (18 ± 0.6 years) were assigned to light drinking ( n = 26), and binge drinking ( n = 25) groups based on their alcohol consumption patterns. A high-density magnetoencephalography signal was combined with structural magnetic resonance imaging in an anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography model to estimate event-related source power in a theta (4-7 Hz) frequency band. Phase-locked co-oscillations were further estimated between the principally activated regions during task performance. RESULTS Overall, the greatest event-related theta power was elicited by targets in the right inferior frontal cortex and it correlated with performance accuracy and selective attention scores. Binge drinkers exhibited lower theta power and dysregulated oscillatory synchrony to targets in the right inferior frontal cortex, which correlated with higher levels of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that a highly interactive network in the right inferior frontal cortex subserves attentional control, revealing the importance of theta oscillations and neural synchrony for attentional capture and contextual maintenance. Attenuation of theta power and synchronous interactions in binge drinkers may indicate early stages of suboptimal integrative processing in young, highly functioning binge drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Correas
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Eduardo López-Caneda
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Research Center on Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lauren Beaton
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Luis Miguel García-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis F. Antón-Toro
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Network of Center for Biomedical Research (CIBER-bbn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, USA
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27
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Logrip ML. Molecular tools to elucidate factors regulating alcohol use. Alcohol 2019; 74:3-9. [PMID: 30033149 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pervasive societal problem, marked by high levels of alcohol intake and recidivism. Despite these common disease traits, individuals diagnosed with AUD display a range of disordered drinking and alcohol-related behaviors. The diversity in disease presentation, as well as the established polygenic nature of the disorder and complex neurocircuitry, speaks to the variety of neurochemical changes resulting from alcohol intake that may differentially regulate alcohol-related behaviors. Investigations into the molecular adaptations responsible for maladaptive alcohol-related behavioral outcomes require an ever-evolving set of molecular tools to elucidate with increasing precision how alcohol alters behavior through neurochemical changes. This review highlights recent advances in molecular methodology, addressing how incorporation of these cutting-edge techniques not only may enhance current knowledge of the molecular bases of AUD, but also may facilitate identification of improved treatment targets that may be therapeutic in specific subpopulations of AUD individuals.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is considered to be a vulnerability marker for substance use disorders, including alcoholism, in offspring with familial alcoholism. However, it is not adequately explored whether different age groups offspring at high risk for alcoholism differ in their impulsivity. The present study examined trait impulsivity in offspring at high risk for alcoholism, and further examined impulsivity by categorizing these offspring into different age groups. The study also examined the association between impulsivity and age, and the association of executive functions with age and education. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample consisted of alcohol-naïve offspring at high (n = 34) and low (n = 34) risk for alcoholism. Participants were matched on age (±1 year), education (±1 year), and gender. The measures included were: Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, family interview for genetic studies, sociodemographic data sheet, Annett's handedness questionnaire, Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale-version 11, and tests assessing executive functions. RESULTS Offspring at high risk for alcoholism demonstrated significantly high impulsivity. Furthermore, offspring at high risk were categorized into three subgroups with age. Results showed no significant difference between the subgroups with respect to impulsivity. Correlation analysis revealed no significant association between impulsivity and age. However, executive functions (concept formation, working memory, and safe decision-making) showed significant positive association, while perseveration and risky decision-making showed a negative association with age and education in both the groups. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates high impulsivity trait in offspring at high risk for alcoholism. The high impulsivity could pose a risk for addiction and may require preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshav J Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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29
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Ethanol Regulates Presynaptic Activity and Sedation through Presynaptic Unc13 Proteins in Drosophila. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0125-18. [PMID: 29911175 PMCID: PMC6001265 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0125-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol has robust effects on presynaptic activity in many neurons, however, it is not yet clear how this drug acts within this compartment to change neural activity, nor the significance of this change on behavior and physiology in vivo. One possible presynaptic effector for ethanol is the Munc13-1 protein. Herein, we show that ethanol binding to the rat Munc13-1 C1 domain, at concentrations consistent with binge exposure, reduces diacylglycerol (DAG) binding. The inhibition of DAG binding is predicted to reduce the activity of Munc13-1 and presynaptic release. In Drosophila, we show that sedating concentrations of ethanol significantly reduce synaptic vesicle release in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), while having no significant impact on membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx into the presynaptic compartment. These data indicate that ethanol targets the active zone in reducing synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Drosophila, haploinsufficent for the Munc13-1 ortholog Dunc13, are more resistant to the effect of ethanol on presynaptic inhibition. Genetically reducing the activity of Dunc13 through mutation or expression of RNAi transgenes also leads to a significant resistance to the sedative effects of ethanol. The neuronal expression of Munc13-1 in heterozygotes for a Dunc13 loss-of-function mutation can largely rescue the ethanol sedation resistance phenotype, indicating a conservation of function between Munc13-1 and Dunc13 in ethanol sedation. Hence, reducing Dunc13 activity leads to naïve physiological and behavioral resistance to sedating concentrations of ethanol. We propose that reducing Dunc13 activity, genetically or pharmacologically by ethanol binding to the C1 domain of Munc13-1/Dunc13, promotes a homeostatic response that leads to ethanol tolerance.
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30
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The OPRM1 A118G polymorphism: converging evidence against associations with alcohol sensitivity and consumption. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1530-1538. [PMID: 29497164 PMCID: PMC5983535 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system may be involved in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and is a target for existing AUD pharmacotherapies. A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 A118G, rs1799971) may alter the risk of developing AUD. Human laboratory studies have demonstrated that minor allele carriers self-administer more alcohol, show greater sensitivity to alcohol's effects, and exhibit increased alcohol-induced dopamine release. On the other hand, large genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of candidate gene studies have not found an association between this genotype and alcohol dependence diagnosis. Given this discrepancy, the present study sought to verify whether OPRM1 A118G was associated with alcohol self-administration, subjective response to alcohol, and craving in a sample of 106 social drinkers of European ancestry who completed an intravenous alcohol self-administration session. We found no relationship between OPRM1 rs1799971 genotype and subjective response to alcohol or craving. OPRM1 genotype was not associated with total alcohol exposure or likelihood of attaining a binge-level exposure (80 mg%) during the intravenous alcohol self-administration session. Analysis of 90-day Timeline Followback interview data in a larger sample of 965 participants of European ancestry found no relationship between OPRM1 genotype and alcohol consumption in either alcohol dependent or non-dependent participants. These findings suggest that there may not be an association between OPRM1 rs1799971 genotype and alcohol consumption or sensitivity in individuals of European ancestry.
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31
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Hendershot CS, Nona CN. A Review of Developmental Considerations in Human Laboratory Alcohol Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017; 4:364-378. [PMID: 29326866 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human laboratory studies involving alcohol administration have generated critical knowledge about individual differences in risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), but have primarily involved adult populations and cross-sectional research designs. Ethical constraints have largely precluded human laboratory alcohol research in adolescence, and prospective studies have been rare. This paper provides an overview of developmental considerations in human laboratory alcohol research, with a focus on studies conducted with youth. RECENT FINDINGS Recent human laboratory studies from Europe and Canada have examined aspects of alcohol response during late adolescence, while recent survey studies from the United States have highlighted methods for circumventing alcohol administration in studies of adolescents. SUMMARY Across several decades of research, exceedingly few laboratory studies have examined developmental differences in alcohol responses or utilized prospective designs. Efforts to prioritize prospective research would further clarify the role of alcohol sensitivity traits as predictors or markers of AUD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hendershot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina N Nona
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hendershot CS, Wardell JD, McPhee MD, Ramchandani VA. A prospective study of genetic factors, human laboratory phenotypes, and heavy drinking in late adolescence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1343-1354. [PMID: 27046326 PMCID: PMC5293674 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Subjective responses to alcohol are considered candidate endophenotypes for alcohol use disorder and appear to anticipate future consumption. However, prospective studies have been rare, and laboratory research has typically examined subjective responses absent measures of self-administration. This study examined the association of subjective responses with subsequent laboratory self-administration, also evaluating laboratory phenotypes in relation to putative genetic risk factors [family history (FH) of alcohol dependence and OPRM1 genotype] and subsequent heavy drinking. Participants (N = 61, M = 19.89 years, SD = 0.86) completed laboratory sessions involving intravenous alcohol challenge (Session 1) and free-access intravenous self-administration (Session 2), followed by prospective assessments. Multilevel modeling showed that higher reported stimulation and lower sedation during Session 1 independently predicted greater alcohol self-administration during Session 2. Although self-administration did not differ by FH group, participants with the OPRM1 118G allele evidenced steeper breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) trajectories and greater peak BrAC relative to 118A homozygous participants. Prospective analyses supported significant indirect associations between Session 1 subjective responses and 6-month heavy drinking via peak BrAC in Session 2. Additionally, significant indirect associations of FH (via Session 1 stimulation and Session 2 peak BrAC) and OPRM1 (via peak BrAC) with follow-up heavy drinking were observed. These results further support the utility of human laboratory phenotypes in prospective studies of alcohol use disorder risk and highlight the potential role of self-administration phenotypes in longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S. Hendershot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Wardell
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D. McPhee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Holla B, Panda R, Venkatasubramanian G, Biswal B, Bharath RD, Benegal V. Disrupted resting brain graph measures in individuals at high risk for alcoholism. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 265:54-64. [PMID: 28531764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Familial susceptibility to alcoholism is likely to be linked to the externalizing diathesis seen in high-risk offspring from high-density alcohol use disorder (AUD) families. The present study aimed at comparing resting brain functional connectivity and their association with externalizing symptoms and alcoholism familial density in 40 substance-naive high-risk (HR) male offspring from high-density AUD families and 30 matched healthy low-risk (LR) males without a family history of substance dependence using graph theory-based network analysis. The HR subjects from high-density AUD families compared with LR, showed significantly reduced clustering, small-worldness, and local network efficiency. The frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, sensorimotor and cerebellar networks exhibited significantly reduced functional segregation. These disruptions exhibited independent incremental value in predicting the externalizing symptoms over and above the demographic variables. The reduction of functional segregation in HR subjects was significant across both the younger and older age groups and was proportional to the family loading of AUDs. Detection and estimation of these developmentally relevant disruptions in small-world architecture at critical brain regions sub-serving cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processes are vital for understanding the familial risk for early onset alcoholism as well as for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of externalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Cognitive Neuroscience Centre and Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Cognitive Neuroscience Centre and Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
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Li JJ, Savage JE, Kendler KS, Hickman M, Mahedy L, Macleod J, Kaprio J, Rose RJ, Dick DM. Polygenic Risk, Personality Dimensions, and Adolescent Alcohol Use Problems: A Longitudinal Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:442-451. [PMID: 28499112 PMCID: PMC5440368 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use problems are common during adolescence and can predict serious negative outcomes in adulthood, including substance dependence and psychopathology. The current study examines the notion that alcohol use problems are driven by polygenic influences and that genetic influences may indirectly affect alcohol use problems through multiple pathways of risk, including variations in personality. METHOD We used a genome-wide approach to examine associations between genetic risk for alcohol use problems, personality dimensions, and adolescent alcohol use problems in two separate longitudinal population-based samples, the Finnish Twin Cohort (FinnTwin12) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants were 1,035 young adults from FinnTwin12 and 3,160 adolescents from ALSPAC. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for ALSPAC using genome-wide association results (on alcohol dependence symptoms as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) from FinnTwin12. A parallel multiple mediator model was tested to examine whether the association between PRS and alcohol use problems assessed at age 16 could be explained by variations in personality dimensions assessed at age 13, including sensation seeking and negative emotionality. RESULTS PRS were marginally predictive of age 16 alcohol use problems; this association was partially mediated by sensation seeking. Polygenic variation underlying risk for alcohol use problems may directly influence the effects of sensation seeking, which in turn influence the development of alcohol use problems in later adolescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the increasing evidence regarding the salience of sensation seeking during early adolescence as a potential constituent in the risk pathway underlying the development of alcohol use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Li
- Waisman Center, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Liam Mahedy
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - John Macleod
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM & Department of Public Health National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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35
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Weerts EM, Wand GS, Maher B, Xu X, Stephens MA, Yang X, McCaul ME. Independent and Interactive Effects of OPRM1 and DAT1 Polymorphisms on Alcohol Consumption and Subjective Responses in Social Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1093-1104. [PMID: 28376280 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined independent and interactive effects of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, A118G) and variable number tandem repeats of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, SLC6A3) on alcohol consumption and subjective responses to alcohol in 127 young, healthy, social drinkers. METHODS Participants completed an in-person assessment, which included self-reported alcohol drinking patterns and blood sampling for DNA, and in a second visit, a cumulative alcohol dosing procedure with subjective ratings across multiple time points and breath alcohol contents (0.03 to 0.1%). DNA was analyzed for OPRM1 AA versus AG/GG (*G) genotypes, DAT1 10-repeat allele (A10) versus 9 or lesser alleles (A9), and ancestral informative markers. RESULTS There were significant epistatic interactions between OPRM1 and DAT1 genotypes. Subjective High Assessment Scale scores after alcohol consumption were highest in *G and A9 carriers, and lowest in *G and A10 carriers. Negative subjective effects were also highest in *G and A9 carriers. Effects were similar in a sensitivity analysis limited to Caucasian subjects. There were independent and epistatic interactions on drinking. The OPRM1 *G allele was independently associated with fewer heavy drinking days. The A9 allele was associated with a greater number of drinking days, which was attenuated in carriers of the *G allele. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the biological importance of interactions between these 2 genes and interactions between brain opioid and dopamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Weerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary S Wand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Ann Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoju Yang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Iacono WG, Malone SM, Vrieze SI. Endophenotype best practices. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 111:115-144. [PMID: 27473600 PMCID: PMC5219856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the current state of electrophysiological endophenotype research and recommends best practices that are based on knowledge gleaned from the last decade of molecular genetic research with complex traits. Endophenotype research is being oversold for its potential to help discover psychopathology relevant genes using the types of small samples feasible for electrophysiological research. This is largely because the genetic architecture of endophenotypes appears to be very much like that of behavioral traits and disorders: they are complex, influenced by many variants (e.g., tens of thousands) within many genes, each contributing a very small effect. Out of over 40 electrophysiological endophenotypes covered by our review, only resting heart, a measure that has received scant advocacy as an endophenotype, emerges as an electrophysiological variable with verified associations with molecular genetic variants. To move the field forward, investigations designed to discover novel variants associated with endophenotypes will need extremely large samples best obtained by forming consortia and sharing data obtained from genome wide arrays. In addition, endophenotype research can benefit from successful molecular genetic studies of psychopathology by examining the degree to which these verified psychopathology-relevant variants are also associated with an endophenotype, and by using knowledge about the functional significance of these variants to generate new endophenotypes. Even without molecular genetic associations, endophenotypes still have value in studying the development of disorders in unaffected individuals at high genetic risk, constructing animal models, and gaining insight into neural mechanisms that are relevant to clinical disorder.
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Bujarski S, Ray LA. Experimental psychopathology paradigms for alcohol use disorders: Applications for translational research. Behav Res Ther 2016; 86:11-22. [PMID: 27266992 PMCID: PMC5067182 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of high prevalence and disease burden, scientific consensus on the etiology and treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has yet to be reached. The development and utilization of experimental psychopathology paradigms in the human laboratory represents a cornerstone of AUD research. In this review, we describe and critically evaluate the major experimental psychopathology paradigms developed for AUD, with an emphasis on their implications, strengths, weaknesses, and methodological considerations. Specifically we review alcohol administration, self-administration, cue-reactivity, and stress-reactivity paradigms. We also provide an introduction to the application of experimental psychopathology methods to translational research including genetics, neuroimaging, pharmacological and behavioral treatment development, and translational science. Through refining and manipulating key phenotypes of interest, these experimental paradigms have the potential to elucidate AUD etiological factors, improve the efficiency of treatment developments, and refine treatment targets thus advancing precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Sanchez-Roige S, Stephens DN, Duka T. Heightened Impulsivity: Associated with Family History of Alcohol Misuse, and a Consequence of Alcohol Intake. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2208-2217. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David N. Stephens
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Falmer, Brighton United Kingdom
| | - Theodora Duka
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Falmer, Brighton United Kingdom
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