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Noh KW, Seo EK, Park S. Effects of Exercise Type on Muscle Strength and Body Composition in Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1186. [PMID: 39064615 PMCID: PMC11278773 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are typical differences in body composition and distribution of muscle fiber types between women and men. However, research investigating the effects of exercise based on sex differences is limited, and studies examining sex differences in physiological adaptations according to exercise type are scarce. We aimed to compare the effects of exercise types on muscle strength and body composition in men and women through a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO databases. Keywords included "endurance training", "resistance training", "concurrent training", "muscle strength", "body composition", "sex characteristics", and "men and women". The standardized mean difference (SMD) was presented separately for men and women based on the pre- and post-intervention values for each exercise type. Results: Concurrent training showed the greatest effect on the increase in leg press muscle strength in men, and resistance training showed the greatest effect in women. Concurrent training showed the greatest effect size in both men and women in increasing bench press muscle strength. Resistance training and concurrent training showed a small effect size on lean mass reduction in both men and women. Endurance training and concurrent training significantly reduced fat mass in men. However, no significant changes in fat mass were observed in any exercise type among women. Conclusions: Concurrent training is the most efficient type of exercise for men, as it is effective in increasing upper- and lower-body muscle strength, increasing lean mass, and reducing fat mass. Resistance training is most effective in increasing muscle strength in females, whereas endurance training is most effective in reducing fat mass. However, it is difficult to corroborate these results because of the lack of study samples included in the analysis and the differences in exercise methods, participant age, and exercise duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Noh
- Institute of Sports Medicine & Science, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eui-Kyoung Seo
- Division of Law, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sok Park
- Institute of Sports Medicine & Science, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
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Pourmontaseri H, Farjam M, Dehghan A, Karimi A, Akbari M, Shahabi S, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Estakhr M, Tabrizi R, Ahmadizar F. The effects of aerobic and resistant exercises on the lipid profile in healthy women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01030-1. [PMID: 38865051 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can have a wide range of health benefits, including improving blood lipid profiles. For women to achieve optimal cardiovascular health, it is vital to determine the effect of exercise on their health and whether different exercise intensities can affect their blood lipid profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the effects of exercise on improving the lipid profile of healthy women. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until July 2, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating exercise's effects on healthy women's blood lipid profiles. A total of 10 eligible articles (or 17 trials) with 576 participants were identified as eligible for the study. Overall, the meta-analysis shows that physical activity significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels: TC [WMD = -5.77 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.41, -1.13, P < 0.01]; TG [WMD = -5.60 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.96, -2.23, P < 0.01]; HDL [WMD = 4.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.33, 8.65, P = 0.03]. Additionally, sub-group analyses indicated that combined exercise training improved TG and TC (p 0.05), and aerobic exercise significantly increased HDL. In this study, physical activity appears to be one of the most effective non-pharmacological means for improving HDL, TG, and TC in healthy women. In terms of TG and TC, CT was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Karimi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Vali Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Estakhr
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- USERN Research Office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Julius Global Health, University Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kamoun A, Yahia A, Farjallah MA, Maaloul R, Marzougui H, Bouaziz M, Souissi N, Elleuch MH, Hammouda O. Concurrent training associated with moderate walnut consumption improved isokinetic strength, subjective sleep quality, cognitive performance and postural balance in elderly active men: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:50. [PMID: 38421528 PMCID: PMC10904559 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of concurrent training (resistance and endurance) associated with moderate walnut consumption on isokinetic strength, subjective sleep quality, cognitive performance and postural balance in physically active elderly men. METHODS Twenty healthy elderly men were divided into two matched groups, in a randomized controlled experiment. They have participated in three training sessions per week: concurrent (strength and endurance) training + ad libitum diet with walnuts (15 g/day for 6 weeks, CTW: n = 10) and concurrent training + ad libitum diet (CT: n = 10). Isokinetic strength, Spiegel questionnaire, Montreal cognitive assessment and postural balance parameters were assessed 48 h pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Absolute peak torque of knee extensors and knee flexors significantly increased compared to pre-training in CTW (15.2% ± 6.7; 13.2% ± 2.3, p < 0.05, respectively) and CT (10.6% ± 6.8; 7.4% ± 2.9, p < 0.05, respectively). Subjective sleep quality increased compared to pre-training for CTW and CT (24% ± 14.4; 10.5% ± 9.4, p < 0.05, respectively) with a significantly greater increase in CTW (p < 0.05). Cognitive performance measured by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) increased only in CTW compared to baseline (7.7% ± 2.5, p < 0.05). Postural balance parameters with dual task decreased only in CTW compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS The present study clearly revealed that concurrent training alone or associated with daily walnut (15 g) consumption for 6 weeks significantly increased knee isokinetic strength, support leg standing parameters and sleep quality. Meanwhile, cognitive performance evaluated by MoCA test and postural balance with dual task were improved for CTW group only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Kamoun
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, University of Sfax, LR20ES09, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmonem Yahia
- Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, University of Sfax, LR20ES09, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hypoxie et Poumon, H&P, INSERM, UMR 1272, Bobigny, F-93000, France
- Département STAPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Rami Maaloul
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houssem Marzougui
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Et Environnement, ENIS, Université de Sfax, LR14ES08, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Elleuch
- Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, University of Sfax, LR20ES09, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000, Nanterre, France.
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Walker S, von Bonsdorff M, Cheng S, Häkkinen K, Bondarev D, Heinonen A, Korhonen MT. Body composition in male lifelong trained strength, sprint and endurance athletes and healthy age-matched controls. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1295906. [PMID: 38022768 PMCID: PMC10650965 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1295906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging involves many physiological processes that lead to decreases in muscle mass and increases in fat mass. While regular exercise can counteract such negative body composition outcomes, masters athletes maintain high levels of exercise throughout their lives. This provides a unique model to assess the impact of inherent aging. The present study compared lean mass and fat mass in young and masters athletes from different sports to age-matched non-athletic individuals. Methods Participants included young (20-39 years, n = 109) and older (70-89 years, n = 147) competitive male athletes, and 147 healthy age-matched controls (young = 53, older = 94 males). Athletes were separated into strength (e.g., weightlifters, powerlifters), sprint (e.g., sprint runners, jumpers) and endurance (e.g., long-distance runners, cross-country skiers) athletic disciplines. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Upper and lower limb lean mass was combined for appendicular lean mass as well as appendicular lean mass index (ALMI; kg/m2). Individuals' scores were assessed against established cut-offs for low muscle mass, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity to determine prevalence in each group. Results ALMI was greater in young strength (0.81-2.36 kg/m2, ∼15% and 1.24-2.74 kg/m2, ∼19%) and sprint (95% CI = 0.51-1.61 kg/m2, ∼11% and 0.96-1.97 kg/m2, ∼15%) athletes than in endurance and controls, respectively (all P < 0.001). In masters athletes, only strength athletes had greater ALMI than endurance athletes, but both older strength and sprint athletes had greater ALMI than older controls (0.42-1.27 kg/m2, ∼9% and 0.73-1.67 kg/m2, ∼13%, respectively, both P < 0.001). Fat mass was significantly lower in sprint and endurance athletes compared to strength athletes and controls in both age-groups. Sarcopenic obesity was identified in one young (2%) and eighteen (19%) older controls, while only two older endurance athletes (3%) and one older strength athlete (2%) were identified. Discussion Lifelong competitive sport participation leads to lower prevalence of sarcopenic obesity than a recreationally active lifestyle. This is achieved in strength athletes by emphasizing muscle mass, while sprint and endurance athletes demonstrate low fat mass levels. However, all older athlete groups showed higher fat mass than the young groups, suggesting that exercise alone may not be sufficient to manage fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikaela von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dmitriy Bondarev
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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5
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Wu ZJ, Han C, Wang ZY, Li FH. Combined training prescriptions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sci Sports 2023; 39:S0765-1597(23)00014-X. [PMID: 36843900 PMCID: PMC9937425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Improved physical fitness is important for preventing COVID-19-related mortality. So, combined training can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and the healthrelated characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the elderly remains unclear. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of combined training on older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until April 2021) for randomized trials comparing the effect of combined training on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. Results Combined training significantly improved peak oxygen consumption compared to no exercise (WMD = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.83 to 3.37). Combined resistance and aerobic training induced favorable changes in physical fitness (timed up-and-go = -1.06, 30-s chair stand = 3.85, sit and reach = 4.43, 6-minute walking test = 39.22, arm curl = 4.60, grip strength = 3.65, 10-m walk = -0.47, maximum walking speed = 0.15, one-leg balance = 2.71), body composition (fat mass = -2.91, body fat% = -2.31, body mass index = -0.87, waist circumference = -2.91), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure = -8.11, diastolic blood pressure = -4.55), and cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose = -0.53, HOMA-IR = -0.14, high-density lipoprotein = 2.32, total cholesterol = -5.32) in older individuals. Finally, the optimal exercise prescription was ≥ 30 min/session × 50-80% VO2peak, ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 12 weeks and resistance intensity 70-75% one-repetition maximum, 8-12 repetitions × 3 sets. Conclusions Combined training improved VO2peak and some cardiometabolic risk factors in older populations. The dose-effect relationship varied between different parameters. Exercise prescriptions must be formulated considering individual needs during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Wu
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Han
- Jiangsu Sports Science Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - F-H Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
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6
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Rodrigues KP, Prado L, de Almeida ML, Yamada AK, Finzeto LC, Bueno Júnior CR. Effects of Combined Versus Multicomponent Training in Physically Active Women Aged 50-75 Years. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:710-717. [PMID: 34735310 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1910119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of combined training (CT) and multicomponent training (MT) on different health parameters in physically active women aged between 50 and 75 years. Method: The participants were randomly divided into two training groups (CT and MT), lasting 180 min per week, for 14 consecutive weeks of training with the level of physical activity, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, strength, cardiorespiratory skills, coordination, flexibility, agility, and quality of life. Results: Participants who underwent CT and MT training showed positive responses regarding the assessment of body mass, waist circumference, lower limb resistance and strength, upper limb strength, and mental domain related to the quality of life. However, only participants undergoing CT were able to increase agility and cardiorespiratory capacities. Conclusion: 14 weeks of CT were more efficient to improve physical capacities in physically active women aged between 50 and 75 years when compared to MT.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death globally, and further efforts are being undertaken to understand and modify CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidemia (DLD), hypertension, and diabetes. The sedentary lifestyle of most individuals today contributes to the prevalence of these conditions. Uncontrolled dyslipidemia serves as a fertile ground for atherosclerotic plaque formation, while lipoproteins (Lp) act as cofactors for inflammatory processes that cause plaque destabilization leading to subsequent CVD events. As such, many health experts and institutions continue to emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MusS) with the intent to reduce atherogenic lipoproteins and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) expression. Concordantly, the two modes of exercise training (ET), such as aerobic ET (aET) and resistance ET (rET) have both demonstrated to improve CRF and MusS, respectively. Although both modes of ET were shown to independently reduce mortality, participation in both forms resulted in a more pronounced improvement in cholesterol levels and CVD-related mortality. Though reduction of adiposity is not a pre-requisite to achieve better control of DLD through increased CRF and MusS, the beneficial effects of physical activity on the inflammatory processes linked to atherosclerosis are almost always associated with a simultaneous decrease in overall adiposity. It is therefore essential to promote both aET and rET, including weight loss in order to attenuate the risks stemming from atherosclerosis and its proinflammatory components.
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Robertson HL, Michel C, Bartl L, Hamilton-Reeves JM. Sarcopenia in urologic oncology: Identification and strategies to improve patient outcomes. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:474-480. [PMID: 32456854 PMCID: PMC7683358 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function related to aging, undereating, disease conditions, or inactivity. Pre-existing sarcopenia diminishes the functional reserve of patients with cancer which increases their risk for frailty, cancer cachexia, and worse outcomes from treatments. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multi-factorial: opening opportunities for clinicians to work across disciplines to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The purpose of this essay is to describe sarcopenia, discuss clinical screening and assessment for sarcopenia, and highlight potential interventions to manage sarcopenia in the urologic oncology population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary L Robertson
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Carrie Michel
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Lucas Bartl
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Arciero PJ, Ives SJ, Mohr AE, Robinson N, Escudero D, Robinson J, Rose K, Minicucci O, O'Brien G, Curran K, Miller VJ, He F, Norton C, Paul M, Sheridan C, Beard S, Centore J, Dudar M, Ehnstrom K, Hoyte D, Mak H, Yarde A. Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:893783. [PMID: 35711313 PMCID: PMC9194552 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.893783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ideal exercise time of day (ETOD) remains elusive regarding simultaneous effects on health and performance outcomes, especially in women. Purpose: Given known sex differences in response to exercise training, this study quantified health and performance outcomes in separate cohorts of women and men adhering to different ETOD. Methods: Thirty exercise-trained women (BMI = 24 ± 3 kg/m2; 42 ± 8 years) and twenty-six men (BMI = 25.5 ± 3 kg/m2; 45 ± 8 years) were randomized to multimodal ETOD in the morning (0600–0800 h, AM) or evening (1830–2030 h, PM) for 12 weeks and analyzed as separate cohorts. Baseline (week 0) and post (week 12) muscular strength (1-RM bench/leg press), endurance (sit-ups/push-ups) and power (squat jumps, SJ; bench throws, BT), body composition (iDXA; fat mass, FM; abdominal fat, Abfat), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), profile of mood states (POMS), and dietary intake were assessed. Results: Twenty-seven women and twenty men completed the 12-week intervention. No differences at baseline existed between groups (AM vs PM) for both women and men cohorts. In women, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for 1RM bench (8 ± 2 vs 12 ± 2, ∆kg), pushups (9 ± 1 vs 13 ± 2, ∆reps), BT (10 ± 6 vs 45 ± 28, ∆watts), SJ (135 ± 6 vs 39 ± 8, ∆watts), fat mass (−1.0 ± 0.2 vs −0.3 ± 0.2, ∆kg), Abfat (−2.6 ± 0.3 vs −0.9 ± 0.5, ∆kg), diastolic (−10 ± 1 vs−5 ± 5, ∆mmHg) and systolic (−12.5 ± 2.7 vs 2.3 ± 3, mmHg) BP, AM vs PM, respectively. In men, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for systolic BP (−3.5 ± 2.6 vs −14.9 ± 5.1, ∆mmHg), RER (−0.01 ± 0.01 vs −0.06 ± 0.01, ∆VCO2/VO2), and fatigue (−0.8 ± 2 vs −5.9 ± 2, ∆mm), AM vs PM, respectively. Macronutrient intake was similar among AM and PM groups. Conclusion: Morning exercise (AM) reduced abdominal fat and blood pressure and evening exercise (PM) enhanced muscular performance in the women cohort. In the men cohort, PM increased fat oxidation and reduced systolic BP and fatigue. Thus, ETOD may be important to optimize individual exercise-induced health and performance outcomes in physically active individuals and may be independent of macronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Nathaniel Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Daniela Escudero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Jake Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Kayla Rose
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Olivia Minicucci
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel O'Brien
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn Curran
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Vincent J Miller
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Feng He
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Chico, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea Norton
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Maia Paul
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Caitlin Sheridan
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Sheriden Beard
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Centore
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Monique Dudar
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Katy Ehnstrom
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Dakembay Hoyte
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Heather Mak
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Aaliyah Yarde
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
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10
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Impact of concurrent training versus aerobic or resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113888. [PMID: 35728627 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aerobic training (AT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and resistance training (RT) on muscular strength, are well known in older adults. However, less is known about the potential additive benefits of concurrent training (CT) versus AT or RT alone in this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of CT, versus AT or RT, on CRF and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults. PubMed and Web of Science were searched through October 2021 to identify randomized trials evaluating CT versus AT and/or RT in middle-aged and older adults (>50 yrs). Studies were included that measured CRF, using maximal or peak oxygen uptake (VO2max/peak); and/or lower- and upper-body muscular strength measured using 1-repetition maximum (1RM) to 10RM tests during isoinertial contractions, or peak torque during isometric dynamometry or isokinetic dynamometry at 30 to 60°/s. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using random or fixed effects models. Forty-nine studies involving 2,587 middle-aged to older participants with mean ages ranging from 55 to 88 years, were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that CT effectively increased VO2max/peak (SMD: 0.77, p = 0.005, 12 intervention arms) when compared to RT. In addition, CT effectively increased lower- (SMD: 0.60, p = 0.001, 43 intervention arms) and upper-body (SMD: 0.57, p = 0.001, 28 intervention arms) muscular strength when compared to AT. However, there were no differences in VO2max/peak (SMD: 0.09, p = 0.09, 33 intervention arms) between CT and AT, or in lower-body (SMD: 0.07, p = 0.48, 21 intervention arms) and upper-body (SMD: -0.07, p = 0.38, 17 intervention arms) muscular strength between CT and RT. Overall, CT was shown to be effective for increasing CRF and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults and there was no negative effect on the magnitude of changes in these outcomes compared to either AT or RT alone. These results suggested that CT should be considered a viable strategy to improvement of CRF and muscular strength with aging.
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Bai X, Soh KG, Omar Dev RD, Talib O, Xiao W, Soh KL, Ong SL, Zhao C, Galeru O, Casaru C. Aerobic Exercise Combination Intervention to Improve Physical Performance Among the Elderly: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2022; 12:798068. [PMID: 35058805 PMCID: PMC8764279 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.798068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of aerobic exercise for the elderly are well-known. They extend beyond cardiovascular changes and can reduce the inactivity-induced loss of strength, mobility, balance, and endurance that are vital for the safe performance of daily activities in older adults. However, the benefits of combined aerobic exercise with other exercises such as strength/resistance, multi-component and aerobic exercise remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of combined aerobic exercise on physical performance among the elderly, as opposed to single aerobic exercise. We searched four databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL Plus to find 18 articles that met criteria. Data was extracted using PICOs extraction tool and summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Studies have shown that aerobics combined resistance/strength training (CEX), multi-component training (ME), and dance combined training has positive and significant effects on the physical performance (upper body strength and lower body strength, dynamic balance, fall risk, mobility, gait, agility, flexibility) of the elderly. CEX had additional benefits compared to aerobic training (AER) and resistance/strength training (RES) in gait speed, lower limb strength, and trunk fat. Furthermore, CEX was more effective than AER in improving sitting and stretching, elbow flexion, knee flexion, shoulder flexion and stretching, strength and body fat, function reach test, 30-s chair standing test and 6-min walking test, self-evaluation of body function. Therefore, the combination of multiple components contributes to the overall improvement in physical fitness of the elderly, thus preventing them from losing balance and reducing susceptibility to injury. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42021213147].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Othman Talib
- Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Swee Leong Ong
- School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Human Resources Office, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Arts and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Ovidiu Galeru
- Faculty of Movement, Sports, and Health Sciences, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Bacǎu, Romania
| | - Catalina Casaru
- Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training, University of West Alabama, Livingston, CA, United States
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12
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Pengelly J, Royse C, Williams G, Bryant A, Clarke-Errey S, Royse A, El-Ansary D. Effects of 12-Week Supervised Early Resistance Training (SEcReT) Versus Aerobic-Based Rehabilitation on Cognitive Recovery Following Cardiac Surgery via Median Sternotomy: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 31:395-406. [PMID: 34627672 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of a 12-week early moderate-intensity resistance training program compared to aerobic-based rehabilitation on postoperative cognitive recovery following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. METHODS This was a multicentre, prospective, pragmatic, non-blinded, pilot randomised controlled trial (1:1 randomisation) of two parallel groups that compared a 12-week early moderate-intensity resistance training group to a control group, receiving aerobic-based rehabilitation. English-speaking adults (≥18 years) undergoing elective cardiac surgery via median sternotomy were randomised using sealed envelopes, with allocation revealed before surgery. The primary outcome was cognitive function, assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), at baseline, 14 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS The ADAS-cog score at 14 weeks was significantly better for the resistance training group (n=14, 7.2±1.4; 95% CI 4.3, 10.2, vs n=17, 9.2±1.3; 95% CI 6.6, 11.9, p=0.010). At 14 weeks postoperatively, 53% of the aerobic-based rehabilitation group (n=9/17) experienced cognitive decline by two points or more from baseline ADAS-cog score, compared to 0% of the resistance training group (n=0/14; p=0.001). CONCLUSION Early resistance training appears to be safe and may improve cognitive recovery compared to standard, aerobic-based rehabilitation following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy, however as this was a pilot study, the sample size was small and further research is needed to determine a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Pengelly
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Vic, Australia.
| | - Colin Royse
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Outcomes Research Consortium Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gavin Williams
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Adam Bryant
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sandy Clarke-Errey
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Alistair Royse
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Doa El-Ansary
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Kalvandi F, Azizbeigi R, Azizbeigi K. Lipid profile and C-reactive protein changes to elastic-band resistance training in young healthy men. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance bands are a device for resistance training routine or rehabilitation program and come in various sizes, lengths, and strengths. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elastic resistance training (ERT) on lipid profiles and C-reactive protein (CRP) changes in young and healthy men. Twenty untrained young and healthy men voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the ERT (n=10) and control group (n=10). The ERT group performed three non-consecutive sessions per week for eight weeks. Blood was sampled before training and this was repeated after 72 h of the interval of the last session of ERT. The concentration of CRP and lipid profiles, including changes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), were measured. Also, changes in body fat percentage (BF%) were measured. It was observed that CRP was not significantly affected by ERT (P>0.05). Also, TC and TG did not change significantly due to ERT (P>0.05). However, ERT increased the HDL-C concentration (P=0.001) and significantly decreased LDL-C (P=0.033). It is concluded that although the elastic resistance training failed to improve CRP; however, with a positive impact on some of the lipid profiles and health indices, it can be a useful, simple and low-cost exercise training in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kalvandi
- Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Pasdaran Blvd., Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - R. Azizbeigi
- Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Department of Basic Sciences, Pasdaran Blvd., Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - K. Azizbeigi
- Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Pasdaran Blvd., Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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14
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Exercise Training Protocols to Improve Obesity, Glucose Homeostasis, and Subclinical Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34473318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemics of obesity and sedentarism are associated with poor quality of life and increased risks for development of inflammatory chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Physical activity is considered as an antidote to counteract the development of chronic sterile inflammatory diseases. Thus, we review the most promising exercise training protocols for promoting weight loss, improving glucose homeostasis, and reducing inflammation. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training, high-intensity aerobic training, and combined (aerobic + resistance) training. Our aim with this chapter is to provide evidence and guidance for choosing the most appropriate protocols of exercise training according to the goals of the patient.
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15
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The Effects of Exercise on Lipid Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2343:93-117. [PMID: 34473317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared obesity to be a global epidemic that increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The increasing ratio of time spent in sedentary activities to that spent performing physically demanding tasks increases the trends to obesity and susceptibility to these risk factors. Dyslipidemia is the foundation of atherosclerotic buildup and lipoproteins serve as cofactors to the inflammatory processes that destabilize plaques. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength helps attenuate concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), such as LDL cholesterol, and increase levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as reduce proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 expression. Effects of physical activity on the inflammatory pathways of atherosclerosis, specifically C-reactive protein, are more closely related to reducing the levels of adiposity in tandem with increasing fitness, than with exercise training alone. The purpose of this review is to describe the physiology of dyslipidemia and relate it to CVD and exercise therapies.
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16
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Cuestas-Calero BJ, Martínez-Olcina M, Marcos-Pardo PJ. Benefits of Adding an Aquatic Resistance Interval Training to a Nutritional Education on Body Composition, Body Image Perception and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Older Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:2712. [PMID: 34444872 PMCID: PMC8400619 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population is increasing due to lengthening life expectancy, but the quality of life and health of people is moving in the opposite direction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how aquatic resistance interval training can influence body composition, body image perception and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in older women participants in a nutrition education program and to study the relation between these variables. Thirty-four participants aged 69 ± 4 years were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (aquatic resistance interval training plus nutritional intervention) and control (nutritional intervention). The intervention consisted of resistance training in an aquatic environment carried out for 14 weeks (three sessions per week; 60 min each). Body composition, body image perception and adherence to MD diet were evaluated at baseline and 14 weeks. No significant differences were found between groups regarding body image perception and adherence to the MD. There was a significant increase in muscle mass (kg) (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in fat mass (kg) (p < 0.001) in the intervention group when compared to the control group. The addition of aquatic resistance interval training to a nutritional intervention was not sufficient to change body image perception and adherence to MD but produced improvement in body composition (through an increase in muscle mass and decrease on fat mass) in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - María Martínez-Olcina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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17
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Jangjo-Borazjani S, Dastgheib M, Kiyamarsi E, Jamshidi R, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Helalizadeh M, Iraji R, Cornish SM, Mohammadi-Darestani S, Khojasteh Z, Azarbayjani MA. Effects of resistance training and nigella sativa on type 2 diabetes: implications for metabolic markers, low-grade inflammation and liver enzyme production. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-9. [PMID: 33612031 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1886117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Proper nutrition and exercise are effective strategies to improve overall metabolic health in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of Nigella sativa (NS) supplementation during resistance training (RT) on some biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Forty patients were assigned to groups: RT + NS (RN), NS, RT + placebo (RP), and control (CO). RT was performed and NS was consumed for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at rest immediately before and after the 8 week intervention. RESULTS RT or NS by themselves reduced HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose, TG, TC, LDL, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT and ALP, and increased HDL and HOMA-S. The combination of RT and NS, rather than each intervention alone, had significant effects on reduction of HOMA-IR, insulin, ESR and CRP as well as increases in HDL, HOMA-β/S. CONCLUSION RT combined with NS is sometimes a better strategy compared to single interventions for improving diabetes related biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Jangjo-Borazjani
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastgheib
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Efat Kiyamarsi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Jamshidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Helalizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Iraji
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Zohreh Khojasteh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Bautmans I, Salimans L, Njemini R, Beyer I, Lieten S, Liberman K. The effects of exercise interventions on the inflammatory profile of older adults: A systematic review of the recent literature. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111236. [PMID: 33453323 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammageing - characterized by age-related chronic low-grade inflammation is considered to be positively influenced by physical exercises. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update of the most recent literature regarding exercise effects on the inflammatory profile in older adults. METHODS This review is an update of an earlier published literature review and was performed according to the NICE guidelines. Databases PubMed and Web-of-Science were systematically searched by two independent authors screening for papers published since 2016. Effect sizes of outcome parameters related to the inflammatory profile were calculated where possible. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Twenty-three articles were included. Resistance training (RT) was the most investigated type of exercise (13 articles: 8 in healthy, 1 in frail and 4 in older adults with a specific condition or disease). Aerobic training (AT) was investigated in 8 articles, including 5 studies in older adults with a specific disease or condition. Combined resistance & aerobic training (CT) was investigated in 7 articles: 3 were in healthy, 1 in frail and 3 in older adults with a specific condition or disease. 1 study investigated the effects of Tai Chi in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. In frail older subjects, IGF-1 - sole marker investigated - significantly increased after 8 weeks RT and CT, whereas AT showed no significant effects compared to control. Most consistent exercise effects consisted in lowering of circulating levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α; which seemed more prominent in healthy older adults compared to those with a specific disease or condition. None of the studies reported an exacerbation of inflammation following exercise and all studied exercise protocols were feasible and safe for older adults. CONCLUSIONS Overall, significant anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in older persons were reported. Literature remains extremely scarce regarding the exercise-induced effects in frail older persons. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more studies focusing on the frail elderly. There is growing literature data on exercise interventions in older adults with a specific condition or disease; however, it appears more challenging to reduce inflammageing through exercise in these specific patient groups. Importantly, the exercise interventions performed in all studies appeared to be feasible and safe for older patients, thus the presence of a specific condition or disease should not be considered as a contra-indication to perform physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 10&, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lene Salimans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 10&, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siddhartha Lieten
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 10&, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Santos JMD, Sousa Filho LF, Carvalho VO, Wichi RB, Oliveira EDD. Hemodynamic and creatine kinase changes after a 12-week equipment-based Pilates training program in hypertensive women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:496-502. [PMID: 33218553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise therapy is a conservative strategy to manage hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week equipment-based Pilates training program on the hemodynamics of medication-controlled hypertensive women. Forty-five women were classified into two groups: medication-controlled hypertensive (n = 30) or control (n = 15). To be eligible for the hypertensive group, participants had to have a clinical diagnosis of hypertension, be taking medication to control their blood pressure and not to have done any exercise activity in the previous three months. In the control group, the participants needed to have normal blood pressure levels and not to have done any exercise activity in the previous three months. All women participated in a 12-week equipment-based Pilates training program (2 × 60min sessions per week). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR) and creatine kinase levels (CK) were assessed before and after the program. SBP, DBP and heart rate were also assessed before and after each session. There was no statistically significant difference after Pilates training for systolic (normotensive MD 4.1, 95%CI -9.2 to 17.5, hypertensive MD 3.8, 95%CI -5.3 to 13.1) and diastolic (normotensive MD 5.8, 95%CI -2.0 to 13.7, hypertensive MD 4.0, 95%CI -4.3 to 12.4) blood pressure. Heart rate was reduced after Pilates training in both normotensive (MD 4.5, 95%CI 1.1 to 7.8) and medication-controlled hypertensive (MD 7.9, 95%CI 4.4 to 11.4) women. Creatine kinase activity was reduced after Pilates training in medication-controlled hypertensive women (p = 0.019). Blood pressure was not altered, but heart rate and creatinine kinase activity were reduced following 12 weeks of Equipment-based Pilates training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juviane Meneses Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Sousa Filho
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil
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20
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Efficacy of an 8-Week Resistance Training Program in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:121-129. [PMID: 32788412 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Older adults are challenged with aging-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and function. Although exercise interventions of longer duration typically yield larger changes, shorter-term interventions may kick-start positive effects, allowing participants to begin engaging in more activity. This study aimed to determine whether 8 weeks of a resistance training program (Stay Strong, Stay Healthy [SSSH]) improved dynamic muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and sleep. Inactive adults aged ≥60 years were randomized into SSSH (n = 15), walking (WALK; n = 17), or control (CON; n = 14) groups. The SSSH and WALK groups met 2 times per week for 60 min. The participants completed pre/post general health, activity, and sleep questionnaires; DXA scans; and functional tasks. One-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine interactions and decomposed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. SSSH improved sit-to-stand performance, back scratch distance, and sleep quality and reported more auxiliary physical activity than WALK or CON (p < .05). Resistance training interventions in sedentary older adults can improve physical function and encourage additional activity in 8 weeks.
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21
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Gómez-Rubio P, Trapero I. The Beneficial Effect of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Makers in Older Individuals. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1008-1016. [PMID: 32504508 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200606225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a loss of motor functions and a general progressive decline in cognitive functions. Physical exercise is one of the ways in which inflammatory levels in general can be reduced, and therefore physical exercise can be considered a biological aging decelerator. In this article, we examine the relationships between physical exercise and inflammatory markers reported for the different physical exercise protocols that have been used in studies with older individuals, as well as the effects of these regimens. The different types of exercises programmed, and methods used to implement them were very heterogeneous in the articles we analysed. Both, the aerobic exercise and resistance training protocols produced a decrease in plasma levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and an increase of IL-10 plasma levels as a chronic effect. However, the acute-response of physical exercise appeared to be an initial increase in IL-6 expression and plasma IL-6 levels. Continuing with these exercise programs usually subsequently achieved a chronic response in which there was a decrease in both the basal levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and the IL-6 produced as acute responses. Regardless of the type of exercise performed, it seems that the exercise parameters, intensity, duration, subject variables, fitness, and level of inflammation are key factors in achieving the expected balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Trapero
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245020. [PMID: 31835508 PMCID: PMC6950327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of a 12-week combined resistance and aerobic exercise training program on cardiometabolic biomarkers and red blood cell (RBC) hemorheological function in 20 obese older men (mean age: 68.8 ± 0.9 years). Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (exercise intervention [EXP; n = 10] and control [CON; n = 10]). The EXP subjects performed resistance and aerobic exercise training program three times per week for 12 weeks, and the CON subjects maintained their regular lifestyle during the intervention period. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis equipment. Cardiometabolic biomarkers (glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA β-cell function, and leptin) and RBC hemorheological parameters (RBC deformability and aggregation) were analyzed. Percent body fat decreased significantly in the EXP group during the intervention period but increased significantly in the CON group. Insulin increased significantly in the CON group over the 12-week period and both insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the CON group than in the EXP group at post-test. RBC deformability (RBC EI_3Pa) and aggregation (RBC AI_3Pa) improved significantly only in the EXP group. The present study suggests that combined exercise training can be useful for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers and RBC hemorheological parameters in obese older men and may help prevent metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
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Kim CG, Zhang HX, Lee JS. Effects of combined training on blood d-ROM, BAP, glucose, triglyceride levels and body-composition. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Runhaar J, Beavers DP, Miller GD, Nicklas BJ, Loeser RF, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Messier SP. Inflammatory cytokines mediate the effects of diet and exercise on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis independent of BMI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1118-1123. [PMID: 31009749 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet restriction and exercise form key treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) related symptoms in overweight and obese individuals. Although both interventions are known to influence systemic low-grade inflammation, which is related to pain levels and functional limitations, little is known about the potential changes in systemic inflammation as a working mechanism of diet restriction and exercise in knee OA. DESIGN Data from the Arthritis, Diet, and Activity Promotion Trial (ADAPT) were used. Through causal mediation analyses, the proportion of the effect of a 18 months diet and exercise intervention explained by the 18 months change in interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, soluble IL-6 receptor, soluble IL-1 receptor, CRP, and BMI were assessed, using self-reported pain and function as outcomes. RESULTS The change in inflammatory factors accounted for 15% of the total effect on pain and was totally independent of the change in BMI. The change in inflammatory factors accounted for 29% of the effect on function, with the change in BMI adding only 4% to the total mediated effect. CONCLUSIONS The change in inflammatory factors after the diet and exercise intervention was a 'medium' size mediator of the effect on pain and a 'strong' mediator for the effect on function in overweight and obese individuals with knee OA. The change in BMI added minimally to the mediated effect on function. These results highlight the relevance of changes in systemic inflammation as drivers for clinically relevant effects after diet and exercise in overweight and obese individuals with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - D P Beavers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - G D Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - B J Nicklas
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - R F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - S Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S P Messier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA; Department of Health and Exercise Science, J. B. Snow Biomechanics Laboratory, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
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25
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Jung WS, Kim YY, Park HY. Circuit Training Improvements in Korean Women with Sarcopenia. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:828-842. [PMID: 31284844 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519860637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function. We investigated the effect of circuit training on body composition, balance, muscle mass and strength, and pulmonary function in Korean women with sarcopenia. We randomly assigned 26 Korean women with sarcopenia (Mage = 74.9, SD = 4.5 years) to either an exercise group (EG) (n = 13) or a control group (CG) (n = 13). The EG performed 25-75 minutes of circuit exercise training (gradually increasing time periods) three times per week over 12 weeks, while the CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight (BW), forced vital capacity, percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow 25-75% before and after the intervention. The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., body mass index, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < .032, η2 > 0.180), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10-m walk; all p < .050, η2 > 0.151), muscular function (i.e., 90°/s and 180°/s peak power per kilogram BW, 90°/s average power per kilogram BW, 180°/s total work, and 180°/s endurance ratio; all p < .045, η2 > 0.157), and pulmonary function (all p < .005, η2 > 0.292). On the other hand, the CG showed no significant changes. Circuit exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and pulmonary function in women with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sang Jung
- 1 Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Young Kim
- 2 Daegu Haany University, GyeongBuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- 1 Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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de Lemos Muller CH, de Matos JR, Grigolo GB, Schroeder HT, Rodrigues-Krause J, Krause M. Exercise Training for the Elderly: Inflammaging and the Central Role for HSP70. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42978-019-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Does CABG with Saphenous Vein Grafting and Standard Cardiac Rehabilitation Affect Lower Limb Function? A Clinical Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111903. [PMID: 31146465 PMCID: PMC6603622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess lower limb function in response to two cardiac rehabilitation (CR) protocols after coronary artery bypass surgery with saphenous vein grafting. METHODS Clinically-stable male patients aged 50-70 years were recruited 4 weeks post-surgery in which to group. Group I (n = 47) receive standard CR in a hospital setting for 3 weeks and Group II (n = 14) receive CR with a resistance training component in an outpatient setting for 8 weeks. Measures included body mass and composition, lower limb temperature distribution, lower limb hemodynamics, and dorsal and plantar flexor muscle strength. RESULTS Average temperature of the operated limb decreased only in Group II after cardiac rehabilitation. Venous blood flow improved in both groups as evidenced by increased blood refilling time. Isokinetic strength was greater in Group I. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a 3-week intensive CR protocol to be most effective in restoring lower limb function in CABG patients after saphenectomy.
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Macêdo Santiago LÂ, Neto LGL, Borges Pereira G, Leite RD, Mostarda CT, de Oliveira Brito Monzani J, Sousa WR, Rodrigues Pinheiro AJM, Navarro F. Effects of Resistance Training on Immunoinflammatory Response, TNF-Alpha Gene Expression, and Body Composition in Elderly Women. J Aging Res 2018; 2018:1467025. [PMID: 30510801 PMCID: PMC6230406 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1467025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training on the immunologic response, body composition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression obtained from blood leukocytes, and the cytokines interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP), in the elderly women (mean age 63 ± 2 y). A randomized controlled trial was performed using a bi-set training method for eight weeks in nineteen elderly women. Peripheral blood samples were collected by puncture in pretraining (Pre) and posttraining (Post) moments. In the resistance training group, there was a statistically significant decrease from 38.43 ± 9.48 pg/mL to 11.76 ± 5.19 pg/mL (p=0.01) in the serum levels of interleukin-6. Considering serum levels of TNF-alpha, there was a statistically significant difference, comparing the resistance training group at Pre (66.27 ± 10.31 pg/mL) and Post (37.85 ± 9.05 pg/mL) moments (p=0.01). In molecular analysis of TNF-alpha gene expression, there was a statistically significant decrease (p=0.007) between Pre (0.010 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and Post (0.0002 ± 0.0001 ng/ml) moments. Among CRP data, in the resistance training group, there was a statistically significant reduction, between Pre (2.04 ± 0.32 mg/L) and Post (0.90 ± 0.22 mg/L) moments (p=0.001). In the Control group, there was no statistical significance between these two moments. Therefore, the resistance training demonstrated changes in the TNF-alpha gene expression in elderly women, as well as decreased serum levels of interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP. Such conditions may be related to immune modulation and anti-inflammatory effects, since resistance training releases cytokines, especially interleukin-6, which acts as a TNF-alpha antagonist during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lídio Gonçalves Lima Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology of Respiratory Infections, LAMIR, Universidade CEUMA, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges Pereira
- Undergraduate Program in Physical Education at the Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Navarro
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luis, MA, Brazil
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Magutah K, Patel NB, Thairu K. Effect of moderate-intensity exercise bouts lasting <10 minutes on body composition in sedentary Kenyan adults aged ≥50 years. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000403. [PMID: 30305924 PMCID: PMC6173229 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary lifestyles and related morbidities are rising among adults despite existing exercise recommendations. Appealing exercise regimes yielding similar/better body composition should be sought. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of moderate-intensity exercise bouts of <10 min on body composition in previously sedentary adults. METHODS This unblinded study enrolled 53 healthy sedentary volunteers aged ≥50 years, randomised into one of two gender-balanced exercise interventions: (1) male and (2) female short-duration bouts (MS, n=14; FS, n = 13), and (3) male and (4) female long-duration bouts (ML, n=13; FL, n=13). Short-duration bouts entailed 5-10 min of jogging thrice daily; long-duration bouts, 30-60 min 3-5 days weekly. Body composition was determined at recruitment and 8-weekly thereafter, for 24 weeks. RESULTS At baseline, 14.3% of MS, 38.5% of ML, 92.3% of FS and 69.2% of FL were obese, dropping to 7.1%, 15.4%, 61.5% and 30.8%, respectively. For waist:height ratio, 64.3 % of MS, 76.9% of ML, 100% of FS and 84.6.3% of FL had ratios >0.5, dropping to 42.9%, 30.8%, 92.9% and 26.2%, respectively. While baseline MS and ML waist:hip ratio (WHR) ≥0.9 were 64.3% and 69.2%, respectively, they correspondingly dropped to 23.1% and 21.4%. The FS and FL with WHR ≥0.85 dropped from 46.2% to 15.4% and from 30.8% to 7.7%, respectively. Body composition variables improved for both sexes (all p <0.05) and mean change between exercise regimes was comparable for both sexes. CONCLUSION In equal cumulative times, moderate-intensity exercise bouts lasting <10 min are comparable with current 30-60 min bouts in body composition modification for adults of ≥50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani Magutah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nilesh B Patel
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kihumbu Thairu
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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30
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Effect of a 1-year elastic band resistance exercise program on cardiovascular risk profile in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 25:1004-1010. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Fritz NB, Juesas Á, Gargallo P, Calatayud J, Fernández-Garrido J, Rogers ME, Colado JC. Positive Effects of a Short-Term Intense Elastic Resistance Training Program on Body Composition and Physical Functioning in Overweight Older Women. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:321-334. [PMID: 29430940 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418757676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a resistance training program (RTP) in older overweight women (OOW) using two different types of elastic devices. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial with pre- and postintervention measures. Participants included OOW, aged 60-85 years, with no medical history of disease that would preclude them from engaging in physical exercise. Participants were randomly divided into the following groups: elastic tubes with handles group (ETG; n = 22), traditional elastic bands group ( n = 21), and control group (CG; n = 20). Exercise groups (EGs) performed the following supervised RTP: 8 weeks, twice weekly, six overall body exercises, and 3-4 sets of 10 repetitions at a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 7-9 on the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of perceived exertion. The controls did not change their usual lifestyle. Outcome measures included body composition (BC; total and regional percentage of fat mass [FM] and fat-free mass [FFM]) and physical performance (PP; dynamic and isometric strength, flexibility, agility/dynamic balance, and endurance). RESULTS Both EGs exhibited significantly reduced FM in the upper limbs (ULs) and trunk and increased FFM in the UL, while the ETG exhibited a significantly increased trunk FFM. Both EGs improved in PP, and there were no intergroup differences. Trunk FM and FFM and meters walked differed significantly between the ETG and CG. The CG did not exhibit any significant changes. CONCLUSION Training with elastic devices at a moderate-high RPE produces short-term improvements in BC and PP in OOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Fritz
- 1 Kinesiology Department, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,2 Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Juesas
- 2 Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gargallo
- 2 Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- 3 Research Unit in Sport and Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Fernández-Garrido
- 2 Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,4 Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael E Rogers
- 5 Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Juan C Colado
- 2 Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,3 Research Unit in Sport and Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Liao CD, Tsauo JY, Huang SW, Ku JW, Hsiao DJ, Liou TH. Effects of elastic band exercise on lean mass and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2317. [PMID: 29396436 PMCID: PMC5797161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with loss of muscle mass as well as an increased risk of physical disability in elderly people. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of elastic band resistance training (ERT) on muscle mass and physical function in older women with sarcopenic obesity. A randomized controlled trial with an intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. A total of 56 women (mean ± SD age 67.3 ± 5.1 years) were randomly assigned to the experimental group receiving 12 weeks of ERT and to the control group receiving no exercise intervention. Lean mass (measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer), physical capacity (assessed using the global physical capacity score), and a 36-item short form questionnaire were conducted at the baseline examination (T0), as well as the 3-month (T1) and 9-month followups (T2). At T1 and T2, the between-group difference was measured in total skeletal mass relative to T0, with mean differences of 0.70 kg (95% CI 0.12-1.28; P < 0.05) and 0.72 kg (95% CI 0.21-1.23; P < 0.01), respectively. Similar results were found in muscle quality, physical capacity, and physical function outcomes. The ERT exerted a significant beneficial effect on muscle mass, muscle quality, and physical function in older women with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yih Tsauo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Wen Ku
- Department of Radiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dun-Jen Hsiao
- College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yoon SJ, Lee MJ, Lee HM, Lee JS. Effect of low-intensity resistance training with heat stress on the HSP72, anabolic hormones, muscle size, and strength in elderly women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:977-984. [PMID: 27866347 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have reported that heat stress stimulates the activation of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), leading to an increase in muscle synthesis. Some studies suggested that low-intensity resistance training combined with heat stress could improve muscle size and strength. AIM This study aimed to identify the effect of low-intensity resistance training with heat stress over 12 weeks on the HSP72, anabolic hormones, muscle size, and strength in elderly women. METHODS The subjects were physically healthy women of 65-75 years, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a low-intensity resistance training with heating sheet group (HRT group, n = 8), a moderate-intensity resistance training (RT group, n = 6), and a heating sheet group (HEAT group, n = 7). Computed tomography scans, 1-repetition maximum (1RM), and blood samples were taken pre- and post-training. RESULTS The HSP72 did not vary significantly between the different groups and times. The IGF-1 and 1RM had significantly increased in all three groups after the training (respectively, p < 0.05). Moreover, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps showed a significantly greater increase in the HRT group than in the HEAT group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that low-intensity training with heat stress stimulated the anabolic hormones of elderly women, improving their muscle strength and hypertrophy. We believe that low-intensity training with heat stress is an effective way to prevent muscle atrophy and to improve muscle strength in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Yoon
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Jin Lee
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Min Lee
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Diniz TA, Rossi FE, Buonani C, Mota J, Forte Freitas-Junior I. EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO COMO TRATAMENTO NÃO FARMACOLÓGICO PARA A MELHORA DA SAÚDE PÓS-MENOPAUSA. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172304156418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O período da pós-menopausa é caracterizado por 12 meses consecutivos de amenorreia. Além de afetar o sistema reprodutivo e a produção de hormônios sexuais, principalmente o estrógeno, essas mulheres apresentam aumento da gordura corporal total, principalmente na região central, o que está relacionado com o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas, como dislipidemia, aterosclerose e resistência à insulina. Dessa forma, diferentes programas de exercício físico, aeróbico, resistido ou combinado (aeróbico e resistido em uma mesma sessão) podem ser uma forma interessante de tratamento não farmacológico para a prevenção e melhora dos desfechos. Entretanto, as adaptações promovidas pelos diferentes programas de exercício sobre a composição corporal, perfil lipídico e glicêmico não estão claras na literatura e precisam ser elucidadas. Assim sendo, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir as diferentes adaptações do treinamento aeróbico, resistido e combinado na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e glicêmico de mulheres na pós-menopausa.
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Liao CD, Tsauo JY, Lin LF, Huang SW, Ku JW, Chou LC, Liou TH. Effects of elastic resistance exercise on body composition and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A CONSORT-compliant prospective randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7115. [PMID: 28591061 PMCID: PMC5466239 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is associated with loss of muscle mass and an increased risk of physical disability in elderly people. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia has increased in obese elderly populations. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical efficacy of elastic resistance exercise training (RET) in patients with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS This study was conducted at the rehabilitation center of a university-based teaching hospital and was designed as a prospective and randomized controlled trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 46 women aged 67.3 (5.2) years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG underwent elastic RET for 12 weeks, and the CG received no RET intervention. All outcome measures were assessed at the baseline and posttest, including body composition measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle quality (MQ) defined as a ratio of muscular strength to muscle mass, and physical capacity assessed using functional mobility tests. One-way analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation were used to compare outcomes between the 2 groups and to identify the relationship between changes in body composition and physical outcomes, respectively. A chi-square test was performed to identify differences in qualitative data between the 2 groups. RESULTS At the posttest, a significant between-group difference was observed in fat-free mass, MQ, and physical capacity (all P < .05); and a significant correlation was found between leg-lean-mass change and gait speed (r = 0.36; P < .05). After 12 weeks of elastic RET intervention, the EG had significantly fewer patients exhibiting sarcopenia (P < .05) and experiencing physical difficulty (P < .001) than the CG. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that elastic resistance exercise exerted benefits on the body composition, MQ, and physical function in patients with sarcopenic obesity. Regular exercise incorporating elastic RET should be used to attenuate muscle mass loss and prevent physical difficulty in obese older adults with sarcopenia on reconditioning therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15006069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Jau-Yih Tsauo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Li-Fong Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Jan-Wen Ku
- Department of Radiology, Shuang Ho Hospital
| | | | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liberman K, Forti LN, Beyer I, Bautmans I. The effects of exercise on muscle strength, body composition, physical functioning and the inflammatory profile of older adults: a systematic review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:30-53. [PMID: 27755209 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on muscle strength, body composition, physical functioning and inflammation in older adults. All articles were assessed for methodological quality and where possible effect size was calculated. RECENT FINDINGS Thirty-four articles were included - four involving frail, 24 healthy and five older adults with a specific disease. One reported on both frail and nonfrail patients. Several types of exercise were used: resistance training, aerobic training, combined resistance training and aerobic training and others. In frail older persons, moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation, muscle strength and physical functioning. In healthy older persons, effects of resistance training (most frequently investigated) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities (intensity and rest interval between sets). Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure, with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied. Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases. SUMMARY Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength, body composition, physical functioning and inflammation in older adults. Future studies should focus on the influence of specific exercise modalities and target the frail population more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliane Liberman
- aFrailty in Ageing Research Unit bGerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel cGeriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Bernard PL, Tallon G, Ninot G, Jaussent A, Ramdani S, Coste O, Picot MC, Blain H. Influence of a brisk walking program on isokinetic muscular capacities of knee in sedentary older women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:1219-1226. [PMID: 26786584 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the evolution in peak torque (PT) and mean power (MP) isokinetic parameters in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles of elderly sedentary women who were randomly selected to participate in a brisk walking program for 6 months. The 121 sedentary women of this study presented a mean score of 5.3 (±1.7) on the Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Elderly and covered 86 % of the theoretical distance on the 6-min walk test. The isokinetic evaluation was performed on both sides at 60°/s and 180°/s. PT and MP were selected for analysis. Women in the trained group (n = 61) participated in a program of 78 sessions over 6 months with three sets of 60 min of exercise per week. For this group, heart rate, time and distance were, respectively, 125.2 bt/min (±10), 37.9 min (±4.2) and 3756.3 m (±445.4). The analysis of the group × time interaction demonstrated an increase in the PT of the dominant-side hamstrings (p < 0.001). In the trained group, we observed a significant increase in PT at 60°/s for the hamstrings on both sides (0.01 < p < 0.02) and a significant increase in MP for the hamstrings at 60°/s on the nondominant side (p < 0.05). The study indicates a minor, though significant, influence of a brisk walking program on the peak torque and mean power of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles in sedentary women over 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Bernard
- Euromov, University de Montpellier, avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 700, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - G Tallon
- Euromov, University de Montpellier, avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 700, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - G Ninot
- EA 4556 Epsylon, University de Montpellier, 4 boulevard Henri IV, Montpellier, France
| | - A Jaussent
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - S Ramdani
- Euromov, University de Montpellier, avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 700, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - O Coste
- DRJSCS, 3 avenue C. Flahault, Montpellier, France
| | - M C Picot
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - H Blain
- Euromov, University de Montpellier, avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 700, 34090, Montpellier, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Antonin Balmes Center, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Eklund D, Häkkinen A, Laukkanen JA, Balandzic M, Nyman K, Häkkinen K. Fitness, body composition and blood lipids following 3 concurrent strength and endurance training modes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:767-74. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in physical fitness, body composition, and blood lipid profile following 24 weeks of 3 volume-equated concurrent strength and endurance training protocols. Physically active, healthy male and female participants (aged 18–40 years) performed strength and endurance sessions on different days (DD; men, n = 21; women, n = 18) or in the same session with endurance preceding strength (ES; men, n = 16; women, n = 15) or vice versa (SE; men, n = 18; women, n = 14). The training volume was matched in all groups. Maximal leg press strength (1-repetition maximum (1RM)) and endurance performance (maximal oxygen consumption during cycling), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and blood lipids were measured. 1RM and maximal oxygen consumption increased in all groups in men (12%–17%, p < 0.001; and 7%–18%, p < 0.05–0.001, respectively) and women (13%–21%, p < 0.01–0.001; and 10%–25%, p < 0.01–0.001, respectively). Maximal oxygen consumption increased more in DD vs. ES and SE both in men (p = 0.003–0.008) and women (p = 0.008–0.009). Total body lean mass increased in all groups (3%–5%, p < 0.01–0.001). Only DD led to decreased total body fat (men, −14% ± 15%, p < 0.001; women, −13% ± 14%, p = 0.009) and abdominal-region fat (men, −18% ± 14%, p = 0.003; women, −17% ± 15%, p = 0.003). Changes in blood lipids were correlated with changes in abdominal-region fat in the entire group (r = 0.283, p = 0.005) and in DD (r = 0.550, p = 0.001). In conclusion, all modes resulted in increased physical fitness and lean mass, while only DD led to decreases in fat mass. Same-session SE and ES combined training is effective in improving physical fitness while volume-equated, but more frequent DD training may be more suitable for optimizing body composition and may be possibly useful in early prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Eklund
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Häkkinen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milica Balandzic
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kai Nyman
- Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Arciero PJ, Edmonds RC, Bunsawat K, Gentile CL, Ketcham C, Darin C, Renna M, Zheng Q, Zhang JZ, Ormsbee MJ. Protein-Pacing from Food or Supplementation Improves Physical Performance in Overweight Men and Women: The PRISE 2 Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050288. [PMID: 27187451 PMCID: PMC4882701 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that protein-pacing (P; six meals/day @ 1.4 g/kg body weight (BW), three of which included whey protein (WP) supplementation) combined with a multi-mode fitness program consisting of resistance, interval sprint, stretching, and endurance exercise training (RISE) improves body composition in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to extend these findings and determine whether protein-pacing with only food protein (FP) is comparable to WP supplementation during RISE training on physical performance outcomes in overweight/obese individuals. Thirty weight-matched volunteers were prescribed RISE training and a P diet derived from either whey protein supplementation (WP, n = 15) or food protein sources (FP, n = 15) for 16 weeks. Twenty-one participants completed the intervention (WP, n = 9; FP, n = 12). Measures of body composition and physical performance were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05), with no effect of protein source. Likewise, markers of cardiometabolic disease risk (e.g., LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups. These results demonstrate that both whey protein and food protein sources combined with multimodal RISE training are equally effective at improving physical performance and cardiometabolic health in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Rohan C Edmonds
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Caitlin Ketcham
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Christopher Darin
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Mariale Renna
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Qian Zheng
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Jun Zhu Zhang
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Florida State University, Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA.
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
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Nunes PRP, Barcelos LC, Oliveira AA, Furlanetto Júnior R, Martins FM, Orsatti CL, Resende EAMR, Orsatti FL. Effect of resistance training on muscular strength and indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal women: controlled and randomized clinical trial of efficacy of training volume. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:40. [PMID: 26984105 PMCID: PMC5005909 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of resistance training (RT) volume on muscular strength and on indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in post-menopausal women (PW). Thirty-two volunteers were randomly allocated into the following three groups: control (CT, no exercise, n = 11), low-volume RT (LV, three sets/exercise, n = 10), and high-volume RT (HV, six sets/exercise, n = 11). The LV and HV groups performed eight exercises at 70 % of one maximal repetition, three times a week, for 16 weeks. Muscular strength and indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation were measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. No differences were found in baseline measures between the groups. The PW showed excess weight and fat percentage (F%), large waist circumference (WC), high waist-hip ratio (WHR), and hypercholesterolemia and borderline values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%). Following the RT, a similar increase in muscle strength and reduction in F% from baseline were found in both trained groups. In HV, a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-c, WC, and WHR was noted. Moreover, the HV showed a lower change (delta%) of interleukin-6 (IL-6) when compared to CT (HV = 11.2 %, P 25-75 = -7.6-28.4 % vs. CT = 99.55 %, P 25-75 = 18.5-377.0 %, p = 0.049). In LV, a decrease was noted for HbA1c%. There were positive correlations (delta%) between WHR and IL-6 and between IL-6 and TC. These results suggest that while a low-volume RT improves HbA1c%, F%, and muscular strength, a high-volume RT is necessary to improve indicators of abdominal adiposity and lipid metabolism and also prevent IL-6 increases in PW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Corrêa Barcelos
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Alves Oliveira
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Furlanetto Júnior
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Martins
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lera Orsatti
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Postgraduate Course of Physical Education, Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
- Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ribeiro AS, Tomeleri CM, Souza MF, Pina FLC, Schoenfeld BJ, Nascimento MA, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Effect of resistance training on C-reactive protein, blood glucose and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:109. [PMID: 26499819 PMCID: PMC5005848 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a progressive resistance training (RT) program on C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose (GLU), and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. Sixty-five older women (68.9 ± 6.1 years, 67.1 ± 13.1 kg) were separated according to RT experience: an advanced group composed by 35 participants who previously carried out 24 weeks of RT and a novice group composed by 30 participants without previous experience in RT (n = 30). Both groups performed a RT program comprised of eight exercises targeting all the major muscles. Training was carried out 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), GLU, and CRP concentrations were determined pre- and post- intervention after 12 h fasting. A significant group by time interaction (P < 0.05) for the TC (novice = -1.9% vs. advanced = 1.0%), and CRP (novice = -22.9% vs. advanced = -54.5%) was observed. A main effect of time (P < 0.05) was identified for the GLU (novice = -2.6% vs. advanced = -6.6%), TG (novice = -12.9% vs. advanced = -5.7%), HDL-C (novice = +6.7% vs. advanced = +2.6%), and LDL-C (novice = -34.0% vs. advanced = -25.4%). These results suggest that RT improves the metabolic profile of older women and that training for a longer period of time seems to produce more pronounced reductions mainly on CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
- , Rua Carmela Dutra 862, Jataizinho, PR, 86210-000, Brazil.
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz C Pina
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Paraná State University, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Santiago LÂM, Lima Neto LG, Santana PVA, Mendes PC, Lima WKR, Navarro F. Treinamento resistido reduz riscos cardiovasculares em idosas. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220152104143902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento humano aliado ao estilo de vida sedentário é marcado por alterações metabólicas com modificação na composição corporal, que repercutem diretamente na proteína C-reativa (PCR), sendo este um importante marcador de risco de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). O treinamento resistido (TR) é um método muito utilizado na prevenção de doenças associadas ao envelhecimento. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de oito semanas de TR sobre a composição corporal, força muscular e PCR em um grupo de idosas.MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo experimental com 10 idosas (63 ± 2 anos de idade). Para o ensaio de PCR, análises bioquímicas de hemograma e lipidograma completos foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso periférico antes do exercício e 24 horas depois. Para medidas antropométricas calcularam-se índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ) e composição corporal. O TR foi realizado por Série Combinada - Bi-Set. Para a análise estatística, primeiramente foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk (p > 0,05) para testes paramétricos. As variáveis do grupo foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão. Para variáveis de PCR, antropométricas, composição corporal e perfil lipídico foram realizados o teste t de Student,tanto anterior quanto posteriormente às oito semanas de treinamento. Para as amostras da evolução das cargas e médias do consumo alimentar foi realizado o teste One Way ANOVA e, quando necessário, o teste post hoc de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05.RESULTADOS: Houve redução estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,02) para as concentrações séricas de PCR, o que significa uma redução de 70,96%, além de diminuir a massa gorda e aumentar a massa magra e a carga de treino após oito semanas.CONCLUSÃO: Oito semanas de TR reduziram as concentrações séricas de proteína C-reativa, assim como diminuíram a massa gorda e aumentaram o volume muscular, demonstrando ser uma estratégia eficiente para a diminuição dos fatores de riscos de doenças cardiovasculares.
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