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Aishwarya S, Gunasekaran K. Differential Gene Expression Profiles Involved in the Inflammations Due to COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and the Investigation of Predictive Biomarkers. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:311-332. [PMID: 37335372 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal manifestations in COVID-19 were attributed to 74-86% of the hospitalised patients due to severe or prolonged pathogenesis. Though it is a respiratory disease, the impact it elicits on the gastrointestinal tract and brain are intense. Inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The intrinsic mechanisms involved in gut inflammations due to a respiratory viral disease can be deciphered when the gene expression profiles of COVID-19 and IBD are compared. The current study utilises an integrated bioinformatics approach to unravel them. The publicly available gene expression profiles of colon transcriptomes infected with COVID-19, Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis were retrieved, integrated and analysed for the identification of differentially expressed genes. The inter-relational analysis along with gene annotation and pathway enrichment detailed the functional and metabolic pathways of the genes during normal and diseased conditions. The protein-protein interactions deduced from the STRING database and the identified hub genes predicted potential biomarker candidates for COVID-19, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The inflammatory response pathways were upregulated and enrichment of chemokine signalling, altered lipid metabolism, coagulation and complement cascades were seen in all three conditions along with impaired transport mechanisms. CXCL11, MMP10, and CFB are predicted to be overexpressed biomarkers, whilst GUCA2A, SLC13A2, CEACAM, and IGSF9 as downregulated novel biomarker candidates for colon inflammations. The three miRNAs hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-27b-5p exhibited significant interactions with the upregulated hub genes and four long non-coding RNAs NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and LINC00852 capable of regulating miRNA were also predicted. This study offers significant information on the underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease with identification of potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aishwarya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India.
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - K Gunasekaran
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Tian X, Zhang P, Liu F, Yang L, Fu K, Gan K, Liu C. MicroRNA-4691-3p inhibits the inflammatory response by targeting STING in human dental pulp cells: A laboratory investigation. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1328-1336. [PMID: 37403426 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The regulation of human dental pulp inflammation is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of miR-4691-3p on the cGAS-STING signalling cascade and its downstream cytokines production in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODOLOGY Normal dental pulp tissue and pulp tissue with irreversible pulpitis from third molars were collected. HDPCs were isolated from pulp tissue. The expression of STING mRNA and miR-4691-3p was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic computation via TargetScanHuman 8.0 and a luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the targets of miR-4691-3p. A miR-4691-3p mimic and inhibitor were used to upregulate or downregulate miR-4691-3p expression in HDPCs. HDPCs were transfected with c-di-AMP, c-di-GMP, cGAMP, interferon stimulatory DNA (ISD) and bacterial genomic DNA. Immunoblot was performed to detect the phosphorylation of TBK1, p65 and IRF3. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was performed to detect the cytokines including IFN-β, TNF or IL-6 downstream of cGAS-STING. RESULTS MiR-4691-3p expression was increased in human dental pulp tissue with irreversible pulpitis. Treatment of HDPCs using recombinant human IFN-β, TNF or IL-6 also upregulated miR-4691-3p. The bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that STING was a direct target of miR-4691-3p. The miR-4691-3p mimic suppressed STING expression, the phosphorylation of TBK1, p65 and IRF3, and the IFN-β, TNF or IL-6 production. In contrast, the miR-4691-3p inhibitor enhanced the STING expression, the phosphorylation of TBK1, p65 and IRF3 and the IFN-β, TNF or IL-6 production. CONCLUSIONS MiR-4691-3p negatively regulates the cGAS-STING pathway by directly targeting STING. This provides insight to utilize miRNA-dependent regulatory effect to treat endodontic disease as well as STING-dependent systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Gan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Atapour P, Farmany A, Abdolsamadi H, Hashemi E, Jazaeri M. Comparison of salivary MicroRNA-6734, microRNA-3123 and microRNA-4483 expression in smoker and nonsmoker patients: a case control study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:239-246. [PMID: 37255306 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a major risk factor in oral diseases. Considering the important role of expression miRNA molecules in different diseases, the present study aimed to compare the expression of salivary miRNA-6734, miRNA-3123 and miRNA-4483 in smoker and non-smoker peoples. METHODS In this case-control study, salivary samples were obtained from 30 smoker's patients and 27 healthy nonsmokers and matched in term of age and sex. RNA was extracted in salivary samples and gene expression was evaluated in all samples. Statistical analysis of data was performed using T and chi-square tests by SPSS (Ver. 16) software at a significant level of less than 0.05. RESULTS The results of this study showed that the expression level of miRNA-3123 and miRNA-4483 in smokers group was 2.8 and 3.2, respectively, which was increased compared to non-smokers with expression level of 1 (P<0.01). There was a significant decrease in the expression rate of miRNA-6734 in smokers (0.6%) compared to non-smokers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, considering the increasing miRNA-4483 and miRNA-3123 level, as well as the reducing miRNA-6734 level in smokers compared to non-smokers, it seems that evaluation of these two miRNAs as indicator for diagnosis and determination of prognosis of oral diseases associated with smoking can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Atapour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abdolsamadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Jazaeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran -
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Khatami A, Taghizadieh M, Sadri Nahand J, Karimzadeh M, Kiani SJ, Khanaliha K, Kalantari S, Chavoshpour S, Mirzaei H, Donyavi T, Bokharaei-Salim F. Evaluation of MicroRNA Expression Pattern (miR-28, miR-181a, miR-34a, and miR-31) in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to ICU and Diabetic COVID-19 Patients. Intervirology 2023; 66:63-76. [PMID: 36882006 PMCID: PMC10308556 DOI: 10.1159/000529985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, with regulatory performance in inflammatory responses and infection are the prevalent manifestations of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate whether PBMC miRNAs are diagnostic biomarkers to screen the ICU COVID-19 and diabetic COVID-19 subjects. METHODS Candidate miRNAs were selected through previous studies, and then the PBMC levels of selected miRNAs (miR-28, miR-31, miR-34a, and miR-181a) were measured via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The diagnostic value of miRNAs was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The bioinformatics analysis was utilized to predict the DEM genes and relevant bio-functions. RESULTS The COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU had significantly greater levels of selected miRNAs compared to non-hospitalized COVID-19 and healthy people. Besides, the mean miR-28 and miR-34a expression levels in the diabetic COVID-19 group were significantly upregulated when compared with the non-diabetic COVID-19 group. ROC analyses demonstrated the role of miR-28, miR-34a, and miR-181a as new biomarkers to discriminate the non-hospitalized COVID-19 group from the COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU samples, and also miR-34a can probably act as a useful biomarker for screening diabetic COVID-19 patients. Using bioinformatics analyses, we found the performance of target transcripts in many bioprocesses and diverse metabolic routes such as the regulation of multiple inflammatory parameters. DISCUSSION The difference in miRNA expression patterns between the studied groups suggested that miR-28, miR-34a, and miR-181a could be helpful as potent biomarkers for diagnosing and controlling COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- AliReza Khatami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kalantari
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Chavoshpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Donyavi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ni J, Qiu LJ, Yin KJ, Chen GM, Pan HF. Shared genetic architecture between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 severity. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:501-507. [PMID: 36127482 PMCID: PMC9489484 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have demonstrated a higher risk for developing more severe cases of COVID-19, but the complex genetic mechanism between them is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to untangle this relationship using genetically based approaches. METHODS By leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of T2D and COVID-19 severity, linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were utilized to quantify the genetic correlations and causal relationships between the two traits. Gene-based association and enrichment analysis were further applied to identify putative functional pathways shared between T2D and COVID-19 severity. RESULTS Significant, moderate genetic correlations were detected between T2D and COVID-19 hospitalization (rg = 0.156, SE = 0.057, p = 0.005) or severe disease (rg = 0.155, SE = 0.057, p = 0.006). MR analysis did not support evidence for a causal effect of T2D on COVID-19 hospitalization (OR 1.030, 95% CI 0.979, 1.084, p = 0.259) or severe disease (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.934, 1.069, p = 0.982). Genes having pgene < 0.05 for both T2D and COVID-19 severe were significantly enriched for biological pathways, such as response to type I interferon, glutathione derivative metabolic process and glutathione derivative biosynthetic process. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further confirm the comorbidity of T2D and COVID-19 severity, but a non-causal impact of T2D on severe COVID-19. Shared genetically modulated molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of the two disorders are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - L-J Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Insurance Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - K-J Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - G-M Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - H-F Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Panda M, Kalita E, Singh S, Kumar K, Rao A, Prajapati VK. MiRNA-SARS-CoV-2 dialogue and prospective anti-COVID-19 therapies. Life Sci 2022; 305:120761. [PMID: 35787998 PMCID: PMC9249409 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects 226 countries and continents, and has resulted in >6.2 million deaths worldwide. Despite the efforts of all scientific institutions worldwide to identify potential therapeutics, no specific drug has been approved by the FDA to treat the COVID-19 patient. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns make the potential of publicly known therapeutics to respond to and detect disease onset highly improbable. The quest for universal therapeutics pointed to the ability of RNA-based molecules to shield and detect the adverse effects of the COVID-19 illness. One such candidate, miRNA (microRNA), works on regulating the differential expression of the target gene post-transcriptionally. The prime focus of this review is to report the critical miRNA molecule and their regular expression in patients with COVID-19 infection and associated comorbidities. Viral and host miRNAs control the etiology of COVID-19 infection throughout the life cycle and host inflammatory response, where host miRNAs are identified as a double-edged showing as a proviral and antiviral response. The review also covered the role of viral miRNAs in mediating host cell signaling expression during disease pathology. Studying molecular interactions between the host and the SARS-CoV-2 virus during COVID-19 pathogenesis offers the chance to use miRNA-based therapeutics to reduce the severity of the illness. By utilizing an appropriate delivery vehicle, these small non-coding RNA could be envisioned as a promising biomarker in designing a practical RNAi-based treatment approach of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Elora Kalita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Satyendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ketan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Holly JMP. Commentary: A Machine-Generated View of the Role of Blood Glucose Levels in the Severity of COVID-19. A Metabolic Endocrinology Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877973. [PMID: 35574035 PMCID: PMC9097450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. P. Holly
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Pathak E, Atri N, Mishra R. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Role of Pancreatic Secretome in COVID-19 Associated Multi-organ Dysfunctions. Interdiscip Sci 2022; 14:863-878. [PMID: 35394619 PMCID: PMC8990272 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-022-00513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the lungs, heart, kidney, intestine, olfactory epithelia, liver, and pancreas and brings forward multi-organ dysfunctions (MODs). However, mechanistic details of SARS-CoV-2-induced MODs are unclear. Here, we have investigated the role of pancreatic secretory proteins to mechanistically link COVID-19 with MODs using single-cell transcriptome analysis. Secretory proteins were identified using the Human Protein Atlas. Gene ontology, pathway, and disease enrichment analyses were used to highlight the role of upregulated pancreatic secretory proteins (secretome). We show that SARS-CoV-2 infection shifts the expression profile of pancreatic endocrine cells to acinar and ductal cell-specific profiles, resulting in increased expression of acinar and ductal cell-specific genes. Among all the secretory proteins, the upregulated expression of IL1B, AGT, ALB, SPP1, CRP, SERPINA1, C3, TFRC, TNFSF10, and MIF was mainly associated with disease of diverse organs. Extensive literature and experimental evidence are used to validate the association of the upregulated pancreatic secretome with the coagulation cascade, complement activation, renin-angiotensinogen system dysregulation, endothelial cell injury and thrombosis, immune system dysregulation, and fibrosis. Our finding suggests the influence of an upregulated secretome on multi-organ systems such as nervous, cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and urogenital systems. Our study provides evidence that an upregulated pancreatic secretome is a possible cause of SARS-CoV-2-induced MODs. This finding may have a significant impact on the clinical setting regarding the prevention of SARS-CoV-2-induced MODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pathak
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Neelam Atri
- Bioinformatics Department, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Botany, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- Bioinformatics Department, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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