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Larauche M, Kim YS, Mulak A, Duboc H, Taché Y. Intracerebroventricular administration of TRH Agonist, RX-77368 alleviates visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in rats. Peptides 2024; 175:171181. [PMID: 38423212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) acts centrally to exert pleiotropic actions independently from its endocrine function, including antinociceptive effects against somatic pain in rodents. Whether exogenous or endogenous activation of TRH signaling in the brain modulates visceral pain is unknown. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the stable TRH analog, RX-77368 (10, 30 and 100 ng/rat) or saline (5 µl) or were semi-restrained and exposed to cold (4°C) for 45 min. The visceromotor response (VMR) to graded phasic colorectal distensions (CRD) was monitored using non-invasive intracolonic pressure manometry. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 10 min before ICV RX-77368 or saline. Fecal pellet output was monitored for 1 h after ICV injection. RX-77368 ICV (10, 30 and 100 ng/rat) reduced significantly the VMR by 56.7%, 67.1% and 81.1% at 40 mmHg and by 30.3%, 58.9% and 87.4% at 60 mmHg respectively vs ICV saline. Naloxone reduced RX-77368 (30 and 100 ng, ICV) analgesic response by 51% and 28% at 40 mmHg and by 30% and 33% at 60 mmHg respectively, but had no effect per se. The visceral analgesia was mimicked by the acute exposure to cold. At the doses of 30 and 100 ng, ICV RX-77368 induced defecation within 30 min. These data established the antinociceptive action of RX-77368 injected ICV in a model of visceral pain induced by colonic distension through recruitment of both opioid and non-opioid dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA.
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Agata Mulak
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henri Duboc
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Yvette Taché
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
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Zhang P, Perez OC, Southey BR, Sweedler JV, Pradhan AA, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Alternative Splicing Mechanisms Underlying Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1570. [PMID: 34680965 PMCID: PMC8535871 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged use of opioids can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The impact of alternative splicing on OIH remains partially characterized. A study of the absolute and relative modes of action of alternative splicing further the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OIH. Differential absolute and relative isoform profiles were detected in the trigeminal ganglia and nucleus accumbens of mice presenting OIH behaviors elicited by chronic morphine administration relative to control mice. Genes that participate in glutamatergic synapse (e.g., Grip1, Grin1, Wnk3), myelin protein processes (e.g., Mbp, Mpz), and axon guidance presented absolute and relative splicing associated with OIH. Splicing of genes in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway was detected in the nucleus accumbens while splicing in the vascular endothelial growth factor, endogenous cannabinoid signaling, circadian clock system, and metabotropic glutamate receptor pathways was detected in the trigeminal ganglia. A notable finding was the prevalence of alternatively spliced transcription factors and regulators (e.g., Ciart, Ablim2, Pbx1, Arntl2) in the trigeminal ganglia. Insights into the nociceptive and antinociceptive modulatory action of Hnrnpk were gained. The results from our study highlight the impact of alternative splicing and transcriptional regulators on OIH and expose the need for isoform-level research to advance the understanding of morphine-associated hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Olivia C. Perez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (O.C.P.); (B.R.S.)
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (O.C.P.); (B.R.S.)
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Amynah A. Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (O.C.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Sparapani S, Millet-Boureima C, Oliver J, Mu K, Hadavi P, Kalostian T, Ali N, Avelar CM, Bardies M, Barrow B, Benedikt M, Biancardi G, Bindra R, Bui L, Chihab Z, Cossitt A, Costa J, Daigneault T, Dault J, Davidson I, Dias J, Dufour E, El-Khoury S, Farhangdoost N, Forget A, Fox A, Gebrael M, Gentile MC, Geraci O, Gnanapragasam A, Gomah E, Haber E, Hamel C, Iyanker T, Kalantzis C, Kamali S, Kassardjian E, Kontos HK, Le TBU, LoScerbo D, Low YF, Mac Rae D, Maurer F, Mazhar S, Nguyen A, Nguyen-Duong K, Osborne-Laroche C, Park HW, Parolin E, Paul-Cole K, Peer LS, Philippon M, Plaisir CA, Porras Marroquin J, Prasad S, Ramsarun R, Razzaq S, Rhainds S, Robin D, Scartozzi R, Singh D, Fard SS, Soroko M, Soroori Motlagh N, Stern K, Toro L, Toure MW, Tran-Huynh S, Trépanier-Chicoine S, Waddingham C, Weekes AJ, Wisniewski A, Gamberi C. The Biology of Vasopressin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:89. [PMID: 33477721 PMCID: PMC7832310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressins are evolutionarily conserved peptide hormones. Mammalian vasopressin functions systemically as an antidiuretic and regulator of blood and cardiac flow essential for adapting to terrestrial environments. Moreover, vasopressin acts centrally as a neurohormone involved in social and parental behavior and stress response. Vasopressin synthesis in several cell types, storage in intracellular vesicles, and release in response to physiological stimuli are highly regulated and mediated by three distinct G protein coupled receptors. Other receptors may bind or cross-bind vasopressin. Vasopressin is regulated spatially and temporally through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, sex, tissue, and cell-specific receptor expression. Anomalies of vasopressin signaling have been observed in polycystic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Growing knowledge of the central biological roles of vasopressin has enabled pharmacological advances to treat these conditions by targeting defective systemic or central pathways utilizing specific agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (S.S.); (C.M.-B.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (N.A.); (C.M.A.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (M.B.); (G.B.); (R.B.); (L.B.); (Z.C.); (A.C.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (J.D.); (I.D.); (J.D.); (E.D.); (S.E.-K.); (N.F.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.C.G.); (O.G.); (A.G.); (E.G.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (T.I.); (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (H.K.K.); (T.B.U.L.); (D.L.); (Y.F.L.); (D.M.R.); (F.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (K.N.-D.); (C.O.-L.); (H.W.P.); (E.P.); (K.P.-C.); (L.S.P.); (M.P.); (C.-A.P.); (J.P.M.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (D.R.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (S.S.F.); (M.S.); (N.S.M.); (K.S.); (L.T.); (M.W.T.); (S.T.-H.); (S.T.-C.); (C.W.); (A.J.W.); (A.W.)
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Yokoyama H, Hirai T, Nagata T, Enomoto M, Kaburagi H, Leiyo L, Motoyoshi T, Yoshii T, Okawa A, Yokota T. DNA Microarray Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in the Dorsal Root Ganglia of Four Different Neuropathic Pain Mouse Models. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3031-3043. [PMID: 33244261 PMCID: PMC7685567 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s272952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pathological stimuli or injury to the peripheral nervous system can trigger neuropathic pain with common clinical features such as allodynia and hypersensitivity. Although various studies have identified molecules or genes related to neuropathic pain, the essential components are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the molecular and genetic factors related to neuropathic pain. Methods We extracted candidate genes in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from three nerve injury mouse models and a sham-operated model (sciatic nerve ligation and resection, sural nerve resection, spared nerve injury [SNI], and sham) using DNA microarray to elucidate the genes responsible for the neuropathic pain mechanism in the SNI model, which exhibits hypersensitivity in the hindpaw of the preserved sural nerve area. We eliminated as many biases as possible. We then focused on an upregulated endogenous vasopressin receptor and clarified whether it is closely associated with traumatic neuropathic pain using a knockout mouse and drug-mediated suppression of the gene. Results Algorithm analysis of DNA microarray results identified 50 genes significantly upregulated in the DRG of the SNI model. Two independent genes—cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK-1) and arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (V1a)—were subsequently identified as candidate SNI-specific genes in the DRG by quantitative PCR analysis. Administration of V1a agonist to wild-type SNI mice significantly alleviated neuropathic pain. However, V1a knockout mice did not exhibit higher hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation than wild-type mice. In addition, V1a knockout mice showed similar pain behaviors after SNI to wild-type mice. Conclusion Through the DNA microarray analysis of several neuropathic models, we detected specific genes related to chronic pain. In particular, our results suggest that V1a in the DRG may partially contribute to the mechanism of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Enomoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kaburagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Li Leiyo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takayuki Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Dussor G, Boyd JT, Akopian AN. Pituitary Hormones and Orofacial Pain. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:42. [PMID: 30356882 PMCID: PMC6190856 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and basic research on regulation of pituitary hormones, extra-pituitary release of these hormones, distribution of their receptors and cell signaling pathways recruited upon receptor binding suggests that pituitary hormones can regulate mechanisms of nociceptive transmission in multiple orofacial pain conditions. Moreover, many pituitary hormones either regulate glands that produce gonadal hormones (GnH) or are regulated by GnH. This implies that pituitary hormones may be involved in sex-dependent mechanisms of orofacial pain and could help explain why certain orofacial pain conditions are more prevalent in women than men. Overall, regulation of nociception by pituitary hormones is a relatively new and emerging area of pain research. The aims of this review article are to: (1) present an overview of clinical conditions leading to orofacial pain that are associated with alterations of serum pituitary hormone levels; (2) discuss proposed mechanisms of how pituitary hormones could regulate nociceptive transmission; and (3) outline how pituitary hormones could regulate nociception in a sex-specific fashion. Pituitary hormones are routinely used for hormonal replacement therapy, while both receptor antagonists and agonists are used to manage certain pathological conditions related to hormonal imbalance. Administration of these hormones may also have a place in the treatment of pain, including orofacial pain. Hence, understanding the involvement of pituitary hormones in orofacial pain, especially sex-dependent aspects of such pain, is essential to both optimize current therapies as well as provide novel and sex-specific pharmacology for a diversity of associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Jacob T Boyd
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Armen N Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmcology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Moazen P, Taherianfard M, Ahmadi Soleimani M, Norozpor M. Synergistic effect of spexin and progesterone on pain sensitivity attenuation in ovariectomized rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:349-354. [PMID: 28949407 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spexin is a central modulator of nociception. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intra-hippocampal CA3 (IHCA3) injection of spexin and spexin-progesterone co-administration on pain sensitivity in ovariectomized rat. Thirty-five adult female rats were divided into five groups. Sham: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL ACSF by IHCA3. Experiments 1 and 2: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL of spexin bilaterally (10 and 30 nmol/rat respectively). Experiments 3 and 4: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL of spexin bilaterally (10 and 30 nmol/rat respectively) + subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of progesterone (5 mg/kg). Ovariectomy was performed in all groups to eliminate the effects of cyclic changes in the female rats. The formalin test (formalin 2.5%) was performed following the administration of spexin and progesterone. Results showed that bilateral injection of spexin in IHCA3 at both concentrations a significant (P < .05) decrease in the pain sensitivity in the two phases of formalin test. Similarly, the bilateral injection of spexin in IHCA3 at both concentrations following the s.c. injection of progesterone significantly (P < .05) decreases pain sensitivity in two phases of the formalin test. This pain attenuation due to the co-administration of spexin and progesterone was more potent than spexin-induced analgesia. According to the present results, spexin has a modulatory effect on pain sensitivity, which becomes more pronounced by progesterone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Moazen
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Taherianfard
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Norozpor
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang Y, Zhao S, Rodriguez E, Takatoh J, Han BX, Zhou X, Wang F. Identifying local and descending inputs for primary sensory neurons. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3782-94. [PMID: 26426077 DOI: 10.1172/jci81156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pain and touch sensory neurons not only detect internal and external sensory stimuli, but also receive inputs from other neurons. However, the neuronal derived inputs for primary neurons have not been systematically identified. Using a monosynaptic rabies viruses-based transneuronal tracing method combined with sensory-specific Cre-drivers, we found that sensory neurons receive intraganglion, intraspinal, and supraspinal inputs, the latter of which are mainly derived from the rostroventral medulla (RVM). The viral-traced central neurons were largely inhibitory but also consisted of some glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord and serotonergic neurons in the RVM. The majority of RVM-derived descending inputs were dual GABAergic and enkephalinergic (opioidergic). These inputs projected through the dorsolateral funiculus and primarily innervated layers I, II, and V of the dorsal horn, where pain-sensory afferents terminate. Silencing or activation of the dual GABA/enkephalinergic RVM neurons in adult animals substantially increased or decreased behavioral sensitivity, respectively, to heat and mechanical stimuli. These results are consistent with the fact that both GABA and enkephalin can exert presynaptic inhibition of the sensory afferents. Taken together, this work provides a systematic view of and a set of tools for examining peri- and extrasynaptic regulations of pain-afferent transmission.
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Mavani GP, DeVita MV, Michelis MF. A review of the nonpressor and nonantidiuretic actions of the hormone vasopressin. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:19. [PMID: 25853137 PMCID: PMC4371647 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pressor and antidiuretic actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been well documented. This review focuses on the less widely appreciated actions of AVP which also have important physiologic functions and when better understood may provide important insights into common disease states. These actions include effects on pain perception and bone structure as well as important relationships to the varied components of metabolic syndrome. These include effects on blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. AVP may also play a role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and effect physiologic changes relating to aging, abnormal social behavior, and cognitive function. Important cellular responses including cell proliferation, inflammation, and control of infection and their relationship to AVP are described. Finally, the effects of AVP on hemostasis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are noted. The goal of this summary of the various actions of AVP is to direct attention to the potential benefits of research in these underemphasized areas of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang P Mavani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital , New York, NY , USA
| | - Maria V DeVita
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital , New York, NY , USA
| | - Michael F Michelis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital , New York, NY , USA
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Peng F, Qu ZW, Qiu CY, Liao M, Hu WP. Spinal vasopressin alleviates formalin-induced nociception by enhancing GABAA receptor function in mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:61-5. [PMID: 25782631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a regulatory role in nociception. Intrathecal administration of AVP displays an antinociceptive effect. However, little is understood about the mechanism underlying spinal AVP analgesia. Here, we have found that spinal AVP dose dependently reduced the second, but not first, phase of formalin-induced spontaneous nociception in mice. The AVP analgesia was completely blocked by intrathecal injected SR 49059, a vasopressin-1A (V1A) receptor antagonist. However, spinal AVP failed to exert its antinociceptive effect on the second phase formalin-induced spontaneous nociception in V1A receptor knock-out (V1A-/-) mice. The AVP analgesia was also reversed by bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist. Moreover, AVP potentiated GABA-activated currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons from wild-type littermates, but not from V1A-/- mice. Our results may reveal a novel spinal mechanism of AVP analgesia by enhancing the GABAA receptor function in the spinal cord through V1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzou Medical University, Wenzou 32500, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zu-Wei Qu
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzou Medical University, Wenzou 32500, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Institute of Ion Channels, Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China.
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10
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Neurohormonal effects of oxytocin and vasopressin receptor agonists on spinal pain processing in male rats. Pain 2013; 154:1449-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Effect of acute gouty arthritis on sleep patterns: A preclinical study. Eur J Pain 2012; 13:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Veitenheimer B, Osborn JW. Role of spinal V1a receptors in regulation of arterial pressure during acute and chronic osmotic stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R460-9. [PMID: 21123759 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00371.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus project to areas in the spinal cord from which sympathetic nerves originate. This pathway is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP), particularly under various conditions of osmotic stress. Several studies measuring sympathetic nerve activity support this hypothesis. However, the evidence that spinal vasopressin influences MAP under physiological or pathophysiological conditions in conscious animals is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in conscious rats, if the increases in MAP during acute or chronic osmotic stimuli are due to activation of spinal vasopressin (V1a) receptors. Three conditions of osmotic stress were examined: acute intravenous hypertonic saline, 24- and 48-h water deprivation, and 4 wk of DOCA-salt treatment. Rats were chronically instrumented with an indwelling catheter for intrathecal injections and a radiotelemeter to measure MAP. In normotensive rats, intrathecal vasopressin and V1a agonist increased MAP, heart rate, and motor activity; these responses were blocked by pretreatment with an intrathecal V1a receptor antagonist. However, when the intrathecal V1a antagonist was given during the three conditions of osmotic stress to investigate the role of "endogenous" vasopressin, the antagonist had no effect on MAP, heart rate, or motor activity. Contrary to the hypothesis suggested by previous studies, these findings indicate that spinal V1a receptors are not required for elevations of MAP under conditions of acute or chronic osmotic stress in conscious rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Veitenheimer
- Dept. of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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13
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Honda K, Takano Y. New topics in vasopressin receptors and approach to novel drugs: involvement of vasopressin V1a and V1b receptors in nociceptive responses and morphine-induced effects. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 109:38-43. [PMID: 19151540 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08r30fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors have been classified into V1a, V1b, and V2 subtypes. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of AVP in anti-nociception and in morphine-induced anti-nociception. However, the roles of individual AVP-receptor subtypes have not been fully elucidated. Here, we have summarized the role of V1-receptor subtypes in behavioral responses to noxious stimuli and to morphine. In this review, we focus on studies using mice lacking the V1a receptor (V1a(-/-) mice) and the V1b receptor (V1b(-/-) mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Honda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Koshimizu TA, Tsujimoto G. New Topics in Vasopressin Receptors and Approach to Novel Drugs: Vasopressin and Pain Perception. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 109:33-7. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08r18fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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15
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Prokai L. Central nervous system effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues: opportunities and perspectives for drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2003; 59:133-69. [PMID: 12458966 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8171-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Besides its well-known endocrine role in the thyroid system, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide) has been long recognized as a modulatory neuropeptide. After a brief overview of the extrahypothalamic and receptor distribution, and of the neurophysiological, neuropharmacological and neurochemical effects of this tripeptide, this review discusses efforts devoted to enhance therapeutically beneficial central nervous system effects via structural modifications of the endogenous peptide. An enormous array of maladies affecting the brain and the spinal cord has been a potential target for therapeutic interventions involving agents derived from thyrotropin-releasing hormone as a molecular lead. Successful development of several centrally active analogues and recent accounts of efforts aimed at improving metabolic stability, selectivity and bioavailability are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Prokai
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610-0497, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Nillni
- Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.
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Petrov ES, Varlinskaya EI, Smotherman WP. Interactions between vasopressin and mu-opioid systems in the rat fetus. Physiol Behav 1996; 60:217-30. [PMID: 8804667 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(96)00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Administration of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) into the cisterna magna (IC injection) of the E20 rat fetus increases motor activity and promotes expression of rare patterns of behavior including mouthing, licking, and facial wiping. These effects are mediated by V1 receptors in the brain stem and spinal cord. In this study, AVP-induced changes in motor behavior were measured to characterize interactions within the AVP system and between the AVP and mu-opioid systems in the fetal rat. Injection of AVP into the brain hemispheres (IH injection) diminished the effects of an IC injection of AVP. AVP effects were potentiated by blockade of hemispheric V1 receptors, suggesting that hemispheric V1 receptors inhibit V1 receptor-containing neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Intracisternal injection of the mu agonist DAGO suppressed the effects of AVP whereas blockade of mu-opioid receptors in the brain stem and spinal cord with CTOP and activation of mu receptors in the hemispheres with DAGO potentiated the behavioral effects of AVP. The behavioral effects of AVP are mediated by V1 receptors in the brain stem and spinal cord and may be under the inhibitory control of a mu-opioid system localized at the same level of the brain. Facilitation of AVP effects following IH injection of DAGO may involve an inhibition of the inhibitory effects of V1 receptor-containing neurons located in the hemispheres. Interactions between mu-opioid and AVP systems in the caudal and rostral portions of the fetal brain may be based on a common principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Petrov
- Pavlovian Physiology Department, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Pohl J, Arnold H, Schulz A, Pause BM, Schulte HM, Fehm-Wolfsdorf G. Modulation of pain perception in man by a vasopressin analogue. Peptides 1996; 17:641-7. [PMID: 8804075 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(96)00034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to test whether vasopressin modulates pain perception in man. Twenty-four male volunteers participated in four sessions, each 2 weeks apart. After an adaptation session the subjects were treated intranasally with either 30 or 60 micrograms desmopressin (DDAVP) or placebo according to a cross-over double-blind design. Pain induction involved mechanical, thermal, and ischemic stimulation DDAVP had no unitary effects on pain perception in the different pain tests. The 30 micrograms dose induced sensitization to thermal stimuli. Neither treatment influenced ischemic pain perception. The mechanical pain threshold of the index finger was increased by the 60 micrograms dose only. After treatment with either dosage of DDAVP the subjects generally tolerated the pressure on their index finger for a longer time than after placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pohl
- Institut für Psychologie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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Dean C, Marson L, Kampine JP. Distribution and co-localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P in the cat medulla. Neuroscience 1993; 57:811-22. [PMID: 7508579 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90026-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the co-existence of three neurochemicals in ventral medullary neurons of the cat utilizing fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Neurons containing 5-hydroxytryptamine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P were identified within the rostrocaudal extent of the medulla, specifically within the raphe pallidus and raphe magnus and in the reticular formation of the ventrolateral medulla in the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis. Within the raphe pallidus the majority of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons were co-localized with thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P. However, in the raphe magnus the majority of stained neurons contained 5-hydroxytryptamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone but were devoid of substance P. In the ventrolateral medulla two major populations of neurons were identified rostral to the inferior olivary nuclei, one containing 5-hydroxytryptamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, while a more lateral group contained substance P alone. More caudally, at the level of the inferior olives, the majority of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing cells also displayed immunoreactivity for thyrotropin-releasing hormone and substance P. A consistent finding in both the ventromedial and ventrolateral regions of the medulla was a population of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing cells which did not stain for either thyrotropin-releasing hormone or substance P. The functional role of co-localized neurochemicals remains unknown but co-existence of neurotransmitter substances in medullary neurons may allow for specific and multiple actions in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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21
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Robertson JA, Bodnar RJ. Site-specific modulation of morphine and swim-induced antinociception following thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat periaqueductal gray. Pain 1993; 55:71-84. [PMID: 8278212 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90186-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Central administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produces a short-lived antinociceptive response in rats, and also modulates opioid and non-opioid forms of antinociception. Given the presence of TRH cells, fibers and receptors in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the present study examined the effects of TRH administered into the PAG upon antinociception following either continuous cold-water swims (CCWS, 2 degrees C for 3.5 min) or morphine (0.1-2.5 micrograms) administered into the PAG on the tail-flick and jump tests, and measured changes in core body temperatures as well. Histological examination revealed two groups in which anterior PAG placements were found rostral to the dorsal raphe nucleus, and posterior PAG placements which were at the level of this nucleus. TRH produced brief (5-15 min) but significant increases in latencies and thresholds without altering body temperature in both anterior and posterior PAG placements. Whereas TRH in anterior PAG placements dose dependently (0.1-10 micrograms) decreased CCWS antinociception on both tests, TRH in posterior PAG placements significantly increased CCWS antinociception on the jump test. TRH in both placements reduced the magnitude of CCWS hypothermia. TRH significantly potentiated the magnitude and duration of both morphine antinociception and hyperthermia in both anterior and posterior PAG placements, and shifted mesencephalic morphine's antinociceptive dose-response curve significantly to the left. These data are discussed in terms of the role of the PAG in opioid and non-opioid forms of stress-induced antinociception as well as morphine antinociception, and in terms of the roles of TRH and anterior PAG placements as potential candidates for a collateral inhibition model of antinociceptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367 USA
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Grisel JE, Fleshner M, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Opioid and nonopioid interactions in two forms of stress-induced analgesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993; 45:161-72. [PMID: 8516354 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stressful environmental events activate endogenous mechanisms of pain inhibition. Under some circumstances the analgesia is blocked by naloxone/naltrexone ("opioid"), while under others it is not ("nonopioid"). The existence of these two categories of analgesia leads to the question of how they are related. In a collateral inhibition model proposed by Kirshgessner, Bodnar, and Pasternak (1982), opiate and nonopiate mechanisms were viewed as acting in a mutually inhibitory fashion. In the present experiments, rats were exposed to either of two environmental stressors that produce a nonopioid stress-induced analgesia (SIA) following injections of the opiate antagonist naltrexone or agonist morphine. In the presence of naltrexone, SIA produced by either cold water swim (CWS) or social defeat was enhanced. These same SIAs were found to attenuate the analgesic effect of morphine, demonstrating that an activation of opioid systems can inhibit nonopioid analgesias. These results support an inhibitory interaction of opioid and nonopioid mechanisms in some forms of stress-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grisel
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309
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Wiertelak EP, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Cholecystokinin Antianalgesia: Safety Cues Abolish Morphine Analgesia. Science 1992. [DOI: 10.1126/science.256.5058.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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25
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Thurston CL, Campbell IG, Culhane ES, Carstens E, Watkins LR. Characterization of intrathecal vasopressin-induced antinociception, scratching behavior, and motor suppression. Peptides 1992; 13:17-25. [PMID: 1535707 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(92)90135-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrathecal (IT) administration of vasopressin produces antinociception, scratching behavior, and motor suppression. The present experiments characterized these effects with regards to the following: 1) VP receptor specificity, 2) possible involvement of endogenous opiates, 3) possible involvement of seizure activity, and 4) whether the antinociception is due to direct actions of VP at the spinal cord. These studies showed that IT administration of a V1-specific vasopressin antagonist completely blocked the antinociception, scratching behavior, and motor suppression produced by 25 ng IT vasopressin. Furthermore, IT administration of the vasopressin metabolite, [pGlu4,Cyt6]AVP(4-9), produced none of the effects produced by vasopressin. Systemic administration of the opiate antagonists naloxone (1 mg/kg IP) and naltrexone (10 mg/kg IP) had no significant effect on the antinociception produced by IT vasopressin, whereas naltrexone potentiated the scratching behavior. Neither the IT vasopressin-induced antinociception nor scratching behavior was affected by pretreatment with the anticonvulsant sodium valproate. In addition, IT vasopressin inhibited the tail flick reflex in rats with transected spinal cords, demonstrating direct spinal effects of vasopressin. In conclusion, IT administration of vasopressin produces antinociception, scratching behavior, and motor suppression via activation of VP-specific receptors in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Thurston
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of California, Davis 95616
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26
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Stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus produces analgesia not mediated by vasopressin or endogenous opioids. Brain Res 1990; 537:169-74. [PMID: 1982239 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90354-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The analgesic effect of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was studied. Additionally, the involvement of vasopressin and opioid peptides in this process was examined by comparing vasopressin-deficient (Brattleboro) and Long-Evans rats and by administering the opiate antagonist naloxone. Rats were chronically implanted with a stimulating electrode in the parvocellular (PVN-Pc) and magnocellular (PVN-Mg) divisions of the PVN. At least 10 days after surgery, the analgesic effects of PVN stimulation were examined in lightly anesthetized rats, using the tail-flick method, and in unanesthetized rats, using the hot-plate test. PVN stimulation produced marked analgesia in both tests. Current threshold for analgesia was lower from PVN-Pc than from PVN-Mg. Threshold did not differ significantly between Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats and was not affected by naloxone administration. The results indicate that the PVN is part of the brain's pain inhibitory system, and show that the analgesia induced by PVN stimulation is not mediated by either vasopressin or opioid peptides.
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27
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Steinman JL, Faris PL, Mann PE, Olney JW, Komisaruk BR, Willis WD, Bodnar RJ. Antagonism of morphine analgesia by nonopioid cold-water swim analgesia: direct evidence for collateral inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1990; 14:1-7. [PMID: 2325940 DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The demonstrated existence of opioid and nonopioid forms of pain control has raised questions as to how they interact. Previous indirect evidence suggests that activation of one system inhibited the activation of the other. The present study assessed this directly using morphine as an opiate form of analgesia and continuous cold-water swims (CCWS, 4 degrees C, 2 min) as the nonopioid form. A significant reduction in morphine (8 mg/kg, SC) analgesia on the tail-flick test was observed if rats were acutely exposed to CCWS immediately prior to morphine administration. The inability of naloxone (10 mg/kg, SC) to reduce CCWS analgesia verified its nonopioid nature. The antagonism of morphine (3 mg/kg, SC) analgesia was greater following preexposure to 2 min of CCWS than 1 min of CCWS. CCWS was also more effective in antagonizing analgesia induced by the 3 mg/kg than the 8 mg/kg dose of morphine. The antagonism of morphine analgesia by CCWS was dependent upon the temporal patterning of stimulus presentation: exposure to CCWS 20 or 60 min prior to morphine failed to alter subsequent morphine analgesia. A significant reduction in analgesia induced by intraperitoneal administration of morphine (10 mg/kg) was also observed when CCWS was presented immediately prior to injection, suggesting that pharmacokinetic factors such as altered drug absorbance by CCWS-induced vasoconstriction do not appear to explain these effects. These data provide direct support for the existence of collateral inhibitory mechanisms activated by CCWS and morphine, and suggests that these opioid and nonopioid forms of analgesia do not function synergistically, but instead involve some form of hierarchical order.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Steinman
- Institute of Animal Behavior, Rutgers, State University
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Abstract
1. Arginine vasopressin produced antinociception in the hot-plate test after intracerebroventricular injection (0.5 micrograms) and in the acetic acid abdominal constriction test after intraperitoneal injection (0.1 mg kg-1). 2. The antinociception produced by arginine vasopressin was sensitive to deamino(CH2)5Tyr(Me) arginine vasopressin (0.5 micrograms i.c.v.; 0.1 mg kg-1 i.p.) but not to naloxone (5 micrograms i.c.v.; 2 mg kg-1 i.p.) 3. Arginine vasopressin when administered by the intracerebroventricular route, but not by the intraperitoneal route, produced characteristic behaviour which was sensitive to deamino(CH2)5Tyr(Me) arginine vasopressin (0.5 micrograms, i.c.v.). 4. A 3 min swim at 20 degrees C produced antinociception on the hot-plate which was sensitive to naloxone (0.4 mg kg-1, i.p.) but not to deamino(CH2)5Tyr(Me) arginine vasopressin (0.5 micrograms, i.c.v.). 5. The reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions produced by a 30 s swim at 30 degrees C was not sensitive to either naloxone (2 mg kg-1, i.p.) or deamino(CH2)5Tyr(Me) arginine vasopressin (0.1 mg kg-1, i.p.). 6. Arginine vasopressin, at high doses, is antinociceptive in the mouse but does not appear to mediate stress-induced antinociception in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hart
- Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College London
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Reny-Palasse V, Monier C, Rips R. Opioid involvement in TRH-induced antinociception in the rat following intracerebral administration. Pain 1989; 38:193-201. [PMID: 2506505 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has an antinociceptive action in the rat. Antinociception was observed using a thermal stimulus (tail-flick test) after TRH administration into lateral ventricle, nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and amygdaloid nuclei. This effect was short-lived since it was completely abolished 60 min after intracerebroventricular administration. TRH may interact with the opioid systems as its antinociceptive effect was blocked by pretreatment with naloxone.
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White SR, Crane GK, Jackson DA. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) effects on spinal cord neuronal excitability. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989; 553:337-50. [PMID: 2497678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb46655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRH is found in terminals in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral horns of the spinal cord and apparently has at least a weak facilitatory effect on excitability of neurons in all these locations. These findings suggest that TRH may facilitate transmission in somatosensory pathways, enhance sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord, and facilitate somatic motoneuron excitability, at least transiently. All studies that have examined TRH effects on spinal neuronal excitability have used exogenously administered TRH. Virtually nothing is known about how spinal neuronal functioning might be affected by TRH released from terminals after activation of TRH-containing cell bodies. The acquisition of this knowledge awaits the development of specific TRH antagonists. Preliminary experiments suggest that TRH may have prolonged facilitatory effects on the excitability of developing or damaged spinal cord neurons. Further studies are necessary to determine how TRH interacts with other neuroactive peptides and monoamines to affect excitability of neurons in the developing, damaged, and normal adult spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R White
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
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HÖKFELT T, TSURUO Y, ULFHAKE B, CULLHEIM S, ARVIDSSON U, FOSTER GA, SCHULTZBERG M, SCHALLING M, ARBORELIUS L, FREEDMAN J, POST C, VISSER T. SECTION II. SYNAPTIC ROLE OF TRH: Distribution of TRH-like Immunoreactivity with Special Reference to Coexistence with Other Neuroactive Compounds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb54479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hökfelt T, Tsuruo Y, Ulfhake B, Cullheim S, Arvidsson U, Foster GA, Schultzberg M, Schalling M, Arborelius L, Freedman J. Distribution of TRH-like immunoreactivity with special reference to coexistence with other neuroactive compounds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989; 553:76-105. [PMID: 2497689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb46633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, several important advancements have been made that are of importance for our understanding of the distribution and localization of neurons and cells producing TRH-LI. As detailed in other chapters in this volume, the precursor for TRH has been characterized that has allowed production of antibodies raised against specific sequences of this precursor. This, in turn, has provided new tools for the immunohistochemical elucidation of TRH systems in the CNS. The TRH precursor has also been cloned, leading to possibilities for studying the localization of TRH mRNA with in situ hybridization. Finally, as shown in this paper, improvement of the fixation technique has made it possible to visualize extensive TRH-immunoreactive cell body and fiber systems with antiserum raised against the TRH tripeptide. The results from the latter studies and those with antisera directed to the TRH precursor and in situ hybridization are in good agreement, with some minor exceptions. It should be pointed out that some of the systems described here, for example TRH positive-cell bodies in cortical areas and the hippocampal formation, contain only a very weak immunoreactivity. As always with immunohistochemical techniques, the possibility of crossreactivity with TRH-like peptides or TRH-like sequences within larger proteins must be considered. The present results confirm the presence of TRH-LI in the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, which with the improved technique can be demonstrated also in early adulthood in rats and guinea pigs. Moreover, it could be established that TRH-LI is present in neurons in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in a population of endocrine cells in the antrum of the stomach of the guinea pig. These cells seem at least partly to be identical to the well-known gastrin-producing cells. TRH-LI has been observed to occur in neurons already containing a classical transmitter and/or other peptides. Of particular importance here seems to be a descending bulbospinal system that in addition to TRH co-contains 5-HT, substance P-LI, galanin-LI, human growth hormone immunoreactive material, and proctolin-like material. The significance of this coexistence is not well understood, but interesting interactions have been observed. Attempts to manipulate the TRH phenotype in these medullary neurons by transplantation to other sites in the brain has so far shown that the expression of this peptide seems fairly stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hökfelt
- Department of Histology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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WHITE SUSANR, CRANE GILBERTK, JACKSON DARRELLA. Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Effects on Spinal Cord Neuronal Excitability. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb54501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Long JB, Martinez-Arizala A, Rigamonti DD, Holaday JW. Hindlimb paralytic effects of arginine vasopressin and related peptides following spinal subarachnoid injection in the rat. Peptides 1988; 9:1335-44. [PMID: 3247252 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(88)90200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intrathecal (IT) injection of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in rats caused a transient (less than 30 min), dose-related paralysis of the hindlimbs, loss of hindlimb and tail nociceptive responsiveness, and increased mean arterial pressure. Motor dysfunction was produced with comparable potency by lysine vasopressin (LVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT); oxytocin (OXY) was approximately 1000 times less potent. Paralysis induced by these peptides was selectively blocked following IT pretreatment with 0.5 nmoles of the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] Arg8-vasopressin (d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me2)]AVP). Pressor and antinociceptive responses to AVP were also blocked by this compound. However, at higher doses (2-5 nmoles, IT), d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me2)]AVP produced hindlimb paralysis, antinociception, and pressor responses by itself. In contrast to the fiber degeneration, cell loss, and necrosis found in lumbosacral cords of rats persistently paralyzed by other peptides (dynorphin A, somatostatin, and ICI 174864), neuropathological changes were not evident in spinal cords of rats transiently paralyzed by IT AVP. These results indicate that AVP-related peptides affected diverse spinal cord functions through interactions with a V1-like receptor. The similar pattern of cardiovascular and antinociceptive responses to other peptides (dynorphin A, somatostatin, and ICI 174864), which also caused hindlimb paralysis, suggests that the former responses may actually reflect the nonselective consequences of a peptide-induced disruption of spinal cord function, rather than specific shared pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Long
- Department of Medical Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100
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Thurston CL, Culhane ES, Suberg SN, Carstens E, Watkins LR. Antinociception vs motor effects of intrathecal vasopressin as measured by four pain tests. Brain Res 1988; 463:1-11. [PMID: 3196898 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) vasopressin (VP) on nociception were quantitatively tested in rats using 4 pain tests: tail flick, tail shock vocalization, hot plate, and formalin. In addition, motor effects of VP were examined qualitatively. I.t. VP produced a prolonged antinociception lasting at least 40 min on the tail flick (2.5 and 25 ng) and formalin (25 ng) tests, and a brief antinociception lasting less than 20 min on the tail shock (25 ng) and hot plate (25 ng) tests. Those rats not responding to the pain tests showed no signs of perceiving the pain stimulus, such as orientation to the stimulus or vocalization. In addition, i.t. VP produced scratching bouts (2.5 and 25 ng) and suppressed hindbody motor function (25 ng). The motor inhibitory effects of VP, although severe in some rats, were brief, lasting less than 15 min. In conclusion, i.t. VP produces antinociception in addition to its motor effects, and these properties appear to be due to separate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Thurston
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of California, Davis 95616
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Jackson DA, White SR. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) modified excitability of spinal cord dorsal horn cells. Neurosci Lett 1988; 92:171-6. [PMID: 2903474 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) has been identified recently in fibers and cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, but its function in the dorsal horn is not known. The present study investigated the effects of TRH applied by iontophoresis on the excitability of dorsal horn cells that were responsive to mechanical stimulation of the ipsilateral hindlimb. TRH facilitated glutamate-induced firing of these cells without directly driving the cells in the absence of glutamate. These results suggest that TRH may modulate transmission of somatosensory information in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Jackson
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
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Puciłowski O, Trzaskowska E, Kostowski W, Wośko W. Inhibition of affective aggression and dominance in rats after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) microinjection into the nucleus accumbens. Peptides 1988; 9:539-43. [PMID: 3138676 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(88)90161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 10 micrograms TRH injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens septi on two models of affective aggression and on dominance in a water-competition task was investigated in pairs of male Wistar rats. TRH significantly suppressed affective shock-induced and apomorphine-induced fighting. It also decreased dominance when administered to dominant rats while no effect was noted upon injection into subordinate animals. The peptide influenced neither water consumption in thirsty rats nor the pain threshold in a hot plate test.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Puciłowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa, Poland
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Cridland RA, Henry JL. Effects of intrathecal administration of neuropeptides on a spinal nociceptive reflex in the rat: VIP, galanin, CGRP, TRH, somatostatin and angiotensin II. Neuropeptides 1988; 11:23-32. [PMID: 2452992 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4179(88)90024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the effects of intrathecal administration of selected peptides on nociceptive responses in the rat. Each peptide was delivered via a chronically implanted catheter to the L5 vertebral level. In the tail flick test, VIP (0.65-6.5 nmoles) produced a dose-dependent decrease in reaction time (RT) from 1 to 6-16 min after injection; 6.5 nmoles decreased RT to 37% of control value at 1 min after injection. Galanin (0.65-6.5 nmoles) produced a dose-dependent increase in reaction time at 1 and 6 min; at high doses, many of the rats failed to flick the tail. CGRP (6.5 nmoles) produced a small, transient decrease in RT to 73% of control values at 1 min; 3.25 nmoles were without effect. CSF and 6.5 nmoles of somatostatin, TRH and angiotensin II were without effect. At high doses of galanin and CGRP, rats vocalized to innocuous touch of the tail, as reported for substance P. Von Frey hairs were thus applied to the tail after 6.5 nmoles of VIP, galanin, CGRP or substance P. Vocalization in response to a previously innocuous pressure stimulus was observed at 30 s after injection in all rats given galanin and some rats given CGRP or substance P; the effect lasted 4-8 min. VIP and CSF had no effect. These results suggest that VIP, galanin, CGRP and substance P may act as excitatory agents in nociceptive pathways and that specific peptides may function in the different types of pain modalities; VIP in thermal, galanin in mechanical and substance P and CGRP in both.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Cridland
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Papir-Kricheli D, Frey J, Laufer R, Gilon C, Chorev M, Selinger Z, Devor M. Behavioural effects of receptor-specific substance P agonists. Pain 1987; 31:263-276. [PMID: 2448728 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Septide and senktide are synthetic substance P (SP) agonists with extremely high selectivity for 1 of the 3 known SP receptor subtypes. When injected intrathecally, they produced dramatically different behavioural effects. Septide, the selective SP-P receptor agonist, evoked intense, compulsive scratching, biting and licking of the hind limb, with no sign of motor flaccidity, and without measurable effect on responses to noxious thermal or mechanical stimulation of the foot or tail. In contrast, senktide, the selective SP-N receptor agonist, produced profound, but transient, motor flaccidity, reduced response to noxious stimuli and, at low doses, 'wet-dog shakes.' These various symptoms, all previously associated with SP and/or synthetic SP analogues, appear therefore to derive from activation of distinct SP receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Papir-Kricheli
- Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel Institute of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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Abstract
Rats exposed for three minutes to repeated electric footshocks showed an approximate 10-fold increase of basal plasma vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) levels. In contrast, spinal AVP and OXT contents measured in the same rats remained unchanged when compared to undisturbed controls. This observation suggests that spinal AVP and OXT do not play a major role in the short-term adaptation of the organism to stress.
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Abstract
In addition to short-acting analgesic actions by itself and modulation of analgesic responses induced by endogenous opioids and neurotensin, central administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) potentiates footshock analgesia. The present study evaluated the effects of TRH upon the neurohormonally-mediated though nonopioid analgesia induced by swims in rats. Intracerebroventricular TRH (10 and 50 micrograms) dose-dependently potentiated swim (21, 15, 2 degrees C baths) analgesia on the tail-flick test, an effect which was not due to the hypothermic or basal pain threshold changes. Intravenous (8 mg/kg) TRH potentiated swim (21 degrees C) analgesia; the 600:1 difference in potency between routes strongly suggests central sites of neuromodulatory action. Intracerebroventricular diketopiperazine (50 micrograms), a TRH metabolite, and RX77368 (50 micrograms), a TRH analogue, also potentiated swim (21 degrees C) analgesia, effects also independent of hypothermia and basal reactivity to pain. Finally, given the excitatory interaction between TRH and acetylcholine as well as the cholinergic involvement in swim analgesia, intracerebroventricular TRH potentiated pilocarpine (10 mg/kg, IP) analgesia.
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Reny-Palasse V, Poncet J, Rips R. TRH-induced antinociception: interaction with the opioid systems? GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1987; 18:179-83. [PMID: 3032733 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(87)90246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mice were chronically treated with morphine or ethylketocyclazocine in order to induce a marked tolerance to their antinociceptive effect in the phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing test. TRH (2 mg kg-1 i.p.) significantly reduced the number of writhes in non-tolerant mice, but did not alter the response of morphine- or ethylketocyclazocine-tolerant mice. TRH did not modify the binding of [3H]naloxone in mouse brain either in vitro (TRH: 10(-10)-10(-4) M) or ex vivo (TRH: 1-40 mg kg-1 i.p.). There was no dose-dependent modification of the in vivo binding of [3H]lofentanil in any of the mouse brain areas studied after TRH (1-40 mg kg-1 i.p.).
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