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Tyczyńska M, Gędek M, Brachet A, Stręk W, Flieger J, Teresiński G, Baj J. Trace Elements in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: The Current State of Knowledge. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2381. [PMID: 38673657 PMCID: PMC11050856 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in trace element concentrations are being wildly considered when it comes to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This study aims to present the role that trace elements play in the central nervous system. Moreover, we reviewed the mechanisms involved in their neurotoxicity. Low zinc concentrations, as well as high levels of copper, manganese, and iron, activate the signalling pathways of the inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress response. Neurodegeneration occurs due to the association between metals and proteins, which is then followed by aggregate formation, mitochondrial disorder, and, ultimately, cell death. In Alzheimer's disease, low Zn levels suppress the neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid through the selective precipitation of aggregation intermediates. High concentrations of copper, iron and manganese cause the aggregation of intracellular α-synuclein, which results in synaptic dysfunction and axonal transport disruption. Parkinson's disease is caused by the accumulation of Fe in the midbrain dopaminergic nucleus, and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis derives from Zn deficiency, leading to an imbalance between T cell functions. Aluminium disturbs the homeostasis of other metals through a rise in the production of oxygen reactive forms, which then leads to cellular death. Selenium, in association with iron, plays a distinct role in the process of ferroptosis. Outlining the influence that metals have on oxidoreduction processes is crucial to recognising the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and may provide possible new methods for both their avoidance and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (W.S.)
| | - Marta Gędek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (A.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (A.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Wojciech Stręk
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (W.S.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (A.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (W.S.)
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Prajapati KP, Mittal S, Ansari M, Mahato OP, Bharati S, Singh AP, Ahlawat S, Tiku AB, Anand BG, Kar K. Pleiotropic Nanostructures Built from l-Histidine Show Biologically Relevant Multicatalytic Activities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18268-18284. [PMID: 38564419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The essential amino acid histidine plays a central role in the manifestation of several metabolic processes, including protein synthesis, enzyme-catalysis, and key biomolecular interactions. However, excess accumulation of histidine causes histidinemia, which shows brain-related medical complications, and the molecular mechanism of such histidine-linked complications is largely unknown. Here, we show that histidine undergoes a self-assembly process, leading to the formation of amyloid-like cytotoxic and catalytically active nanofibers. The kinetics of histidine self-assembly was favored in the presence of Mg(II) and Co(II) ions. Molecular dynamics data showed that preferential noncovalent interactions dominated by H-bonds between histidine molecules facilitate the formation of histidine nanofibers. The histidine nanofibers induced amyloid cross-seeding reactions in several proteins and peptides including pathogenic Aβ1-42 and brain extract components. Further, the histidine nanofibers exhibited oxidase activity and enhanced the oxidation of neurotransmitters. Cell-based studies confirmed the cellular internalization of histidine nanofibers in SH-SY5Y cells and subsequent cytotoxic effects through necrosis and apoptosis-mediated cell death. Since several complications including behavioral abnormality, developmental delay, and neurological disabilities are directly linked to abnormal accumulation of histidine, our findings provide a foundational understanding of the mechanism of histidine-related complications. Further, the ability of histidine nanofibers to catalyze amyloid seeding and oxidation reactions is equally important for both biological and materials science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Mittal
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Om Prakash Mahato
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Bharati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Akhilesh Pratap Singh
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shobha Ahlawat
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Zhou J, Zhang W, Cao Z, Lian S, Li J, Nie J, Huang Y, Zhao K, He J, Liu C. Association of Selenium Levels with Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3706. [PMID: 37686737 PMCID: PMC10490073 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have posed significant challenges to public health, and it is crucial to understand their mechanisms in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of selenium in ND pathogenesis, as it plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing oxidative damage. However, a comprehensive analysis of the association between selenium and NDs is still lacking. METHOD Five public databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane and Clinical Trials, were searched in our research. Random model effects were chosen, and Higgins inconsistency analyses (I2), Cochrane's Q test and Tau2 were calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity. RESULT The association of selenium in ND patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD) was studied. A statistically significant relationship was only found for AD patients (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI (-0.64, -0.17), p < 0.001), especially for erythrocytes. However, no significant relationship was observed in the analysis of the other four diseases. CONCLUSION Generally, this meta-analysis indicated that AD patients are strongly associated with lower selenium concentrations compared with healthy people, which may provide a clinical reference in the future. However, more studies are urgently needed for further study and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY 10011, USA;
| | - Shaoyan Lian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jieying Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jiaying Nie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jiang He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.); (Y.H.); (K.Z.)
- Disease Control and Prevention Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Zheng C, Yu G, Su Q, Wu L, Tang J, Lin X, Chen Y, Guo Z, Zheng F, Zheng H, Lin L, Tang Y, Wu S, Li H. The deficiency of N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 enhances the neurodegenerative damage induced by cobalt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163429. [PMID: 37072102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt exposure, even at low concentrations, induces neurodegenerative damage, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that m6A methylation alteration is involved in cobalt-induced neurodegenerative damage, such as in AD. However, the role of m6A RNA methylation and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, both epidemiological and laboratory studies showed that cobalt exposure could downregulate the expression of the m6A demethylase ALKBH5, suggesting a key role for ALKBH5. Moreover, Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) analysis revealed that ALKBH5 deficiency is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. KEGG pathway and Gene ontology analyses further revealed that the differentially m6A-modified genes resulting from ALKBH5 downregulation and cobalt exposure were aggregated in the pathways of proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Subsequently, ALKBH5 deficiency was shown to exacerbate cell viability decline, motivate cell apoptosis and attenuate cell autophagy induced by cobalt with experimental techniques of gene overexpression/inhibition. In addition, morphological changes in neurons and the expression of AD-related proteins, such as APP, P-Tau, and Tau, in the cerebral hippocampus of wild-type and ALKBH5 knockout mice after chronic cobalt exposure were also investigated. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed that lower expression of ALKBH5 aggravated cobalt-induced neurodegenerative damage. These results suggest that ALKBH5, as an epigenetic regulator, could be a potential target for alleviating cobalt-induced neurodegenerative damage. In addition, we propose a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of environmental toxicant-related neurodegeneration from an epigenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinpei Lin
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liqiong Lin
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning, Fuzhou 350125, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Tang J, Li Y, Liu X, Yu G, Zheng F, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Shao W, Wu S, Li H. Cobalt induces neurodegenerative damages through impairing autophagic flux by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α triggered ROS overproduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159432. [PMID: 36243078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is an environmental toxicant, and excessive bodily exposure can damage the nervous system. Particularly, our previous study reported that low-dose cobalt (significantly less than the safety threshold) is still able to induce neurodegenerative changes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still insufficient revealed. Herein, we further investigate the molecular mechanism between cobalt-induced neurodegeneration and autophagy, as well as explore the interplay between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and autophagy in cobalt-exposed mice and human neuroglioma cells. We first reveal cobalt as an environmental toxicant to severely induce β amyloid (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and dysregulated autophagy in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. In particular, we further identify that cobalt-induced neurotoxicity is triggered by the impairment of autophagic flux in vitro experiments. Moreover, the mechanistic study reveals that cobalt exposure extremely activates HIF-1α expression to facilitate the overproduction of ROS. Then, elevated ROS can target the amino-threonine kinase (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway to participate in cobalt-induced impairment of autophagic flux. Subsequently, defected autophagy further exacerbates cobalt-induced neurotoxicity for its unable to eliminate the deposition of pathological protein. Therefore, our data provide scientific evidence for cobalt safety evaluation and risk assessment and propose a breakthrough for understanding the regulatory relationship between HIF-1α, ROS, and autophagy in cobalt-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Kieliszek M, Bano I, Zare H. A Comprehensive Review on Selenium and Its Effects on Human Health and Distribution in Middle Eastern Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:971-987. [PMID: 33884538 PMCID: PMC8761138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important microelement with numerous positive effects on human health and diseases. It is important to specify that the status and consumption of Se are for a specific community as the levels of Se are extremely unpredictable between different populations and regions. Our existing paper was based on the impacts of Se on human health and disease along with data on the Se levels in Middle Eastern countries. Overall, the findings of this comprehensive review show that the consumption and levels of Se are inadequate in Middle Eastern nations. Such findings, together with the growing awareness of the importance of Se to general health, require further work primarily on creating an acceptable range of blood Se concentration or other measures to determine optimal Se consumption and, consequently, to guarantee adequate Se supplementation in populations at high risk of low Se intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210 Pakistan
| | - Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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El-Sewify IM, Radwan A, Elghazawy NH, Fritzsche W, Azzazy HME. Optical chemosensors for environmental monitoring of toxic metals related to Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32744-32755. [PMID: 36425686 PMCID: PMC9664454 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and progresses from mild memory loss to severe decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills, which dramatically impairs a person's ability to function independently. Genetics, some health disorders and lifestyle have all been connected to AD. Also, environmental factors are reported as contributors to this illness. The presence of heavy metals in air, water, food, soil and commercial products has increased tremendously. Accumulation of heavy metals in the body leads to serious malfunctioning of bodily organs, specifically the brain. For AD, a wide range of heavy metals have been reported to contribute to its onset and progression and the manifestation of its hallmarks. In this review, we focus on detection of highly toxic heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in water. The presence of heavy metals in water is very troubling and regular monitoring is warranted. Optical chemosensors were designed and fabricated for determination of ultra-trace quantities of heavy metals in water. They have shown advantages when compared to other sensors, such as selectivity, low-detection limit, fast response time, and wide-range determination under optimal sensing conditions. Therefore, implementing optical chemosensors for monitoring levels of toxic metals in water represents an important contribution in fighting AD. This review briefly summarizes evidence that links toxic metals to onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. It discusses the structure and fabrication of optical chemosensors, and their use for monitoring toxic metals in water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. El-Sewify
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE, Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE, Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nehal H. Elghazawy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE, Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Hassan M. E. Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE, Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology, Jena 07745, Germany
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8
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Franzoni F, Scarfò G, Guidotti S, Fusi J, Asomov M, Pruneti C. Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Decline: The Neuroprotective Role of Natural Antioxidants. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:729757. [PMID: 34720860 PMCID: PMC8548611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.729757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free- radicals (Oxygen and Nitrogen species) are formed in mitochondria during the oxidative phosphorylation. Their high reactivity, due to not-engaged electrons, leads to an increase of the oxidative stress. This condition affects above all the brain, that usually needs a large oxygen amount and in which there is the major possibility to accumulate "Reacting Species." Antioxidant molecules are fundamental in limiting free-radical damage, in particular in the central nervous system: the oxidative stress, in fact, seems to worsen the course of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to sum up natural antioxidant molecules with the greatest neuroprotective properties against free radical genesis, understanding their relationship with the Central Nervous System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Guidotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Muzaffar Asomov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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9
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Zheng F, Li Y, Zhang F, Sun Y, Zheng C, Luo Z, Wang YL, Aschner M, Zheng H, Lin L, Cai P, Shao W, Guo Z, Zheng M, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Wu S, Li H. Cobalt induces neurodegenerative damages through Pin1 inactivation in mice and human neuroglioma cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126378. [PMID: 34175703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is a hazardous material that has harmful effects on neurotoxicity. Excessive exposure to cobalt or inactivation of the unique proline isomerase Pin1 contributes to age-dependent neurodegeneration. However, nothing is known about the role of Pin1 in cobalt-induced neurodegeneration. Here we find that out of several hazardous materials, only cobalt dose-dependently decreased Pin1 expression and alterations in its substrates, including cis and trans phosphorylated Tau in human neuronal cells, concomitant with neurotoxicity. Cobalt-induced neurotoxicity was aggravated by Pin1 genetic or chemical inhibition, but rescued by Pin1 upregulation. Furthermore, less than 4 μg/l of blood cobalt induced dose- and age-dependent Pin1 downregulation in murine brains, ensuing neurodegenerative changes. These defects were corroborated by changes in Pin1 substrates, including cis and trans phosphorylated Tau, amyloid precursor protein, β amyloid and GSK3β. Moreover, blood Pin1 was downregulated in human hip replacement patients with median blood cobalt level of 2.514 μg/l, which is significantly less than the safety threshold of 10 μg/l, suggesting an early role Pin1 played in neurodegenerative damages. Thus, Pin1 inactivation by cobalt contributes to age-dependent neurodegeneration, revealing that cobalt is a hazardous material triggering AD-like neurodegenerative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fengshun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liqiong Lin
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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10
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Yadav J, Verma AK, Ahmad MK, Garg RK, Shiuli, Mahdi AA, Srivastava S. Metals toxicity and its correlation with the gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3245-3252. [PMID: 33970397 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population and a leading cause of dementia. Genetics and environmental risk factors were considered to play a major role in the onset of the disease. This study aimed to examine the correlation between different metals levels and the gene expression in Alzheimer's patients with age-matched control subjects. Non- essential metals were measured in the whole blood due to its higher concentration in red blood corpuscles (RBCs) and essential biometals in the serum samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) that allows the analysis and detection of the different elements at low levels. Gene expression level was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In this study, the levels of Lead and Arsenic metals were not detected in the AD patient samples. Cadmium, Mercury, and Aluminum were found higher in cases as compared to controls with 0.009240 ± 0.0007707 (P = < 0.0001), 0.02332 ± 0.001041 (P = < 0.0001), and 0.09222 ± 0.02804 (P = 0.0087) respectively. Essential biometal like copper was higher 0.1274 ± 0.02453 (P = 0.0254) in cases, while iron 0.1117 ± 0.009599 (P = 0.0304) and zinc 0.03800 ± 0.003462 mg/L were found significantly lower as compared to controls. All targeted genes such as APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE4 were found up-regulated in AD patients. We concluded that there was no significant correlation between metals dyshomeostasis and gene expressions in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Yadav
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Verma
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
| | | | | | - Shiuli
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
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11
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Naderi M, Puar P, Zonouzi-Marand M, Chivers DP, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. A comprehensive review on the neuropathophysiology of selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144329. [PMID: 33445002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium (Se) exerts its biological function as a catalytic entity in a variety of enzymes. From a toxicological perspective, however, Se can become extremely toxic at concentrations slightly above its nutritional levels. Over the last few decades, there has been a growing level of concern worldwide regarding the adverse effects of both inorganic and organic Se compounds on a broad spectrum of neurological functions. A wealth of evidence has shown that exposure to excess Se may compromise the normal functioning of various key proteins, neurotransmitter systems (the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems), and signaling molecules involved in the control and regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and neuroendocrine functions. Elevated Se exposure has also been suspected to be a risk factor for the development of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nonetheless, despite the various deleterious effects of excess Se on the central nervous system (CNS), Se neurotoxicity and negative behavioral outcomes are still disregarded at the expense of its beneficial health effects. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of Se and discusses its potential mode of action on different aspects of the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review also provides a brief history of Se discovery and uses, its physicochemical properties, biological roles in the CNS, environmental occurrence, and toxicity. We also review potential links between exposure to different forms of Se compounds and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in humans and animals, and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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12
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Mir RH, Sawhney G, Pottoo FH, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Madishetti S, Jachak SM, Ahmed Z, Masoodi MH. Role of environmental pollutants in Alzheimer's disease: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44724-44742. [PMID: 32715424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly erratic influenced by various factors including lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. In recent observations, it has been hypothesized that exposure to various environmental factors enhances the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease is still unclear; however, the contribution of environmental factors in the pathology of AD is widely acknowledged. Based on the available literature, the review aims to culminate in the prospective correlation between the various environmental factors and AD. The prolonged exposure to the various well-known environmental factors including heavy metals, air pollutants (particulate matter), pesticides, nanoparticles containing metals, industrial chemicals results in accelerating the progression of AD. Common mechanisms have been documented in the field of environmental contaminants for enhancing amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide along with tau phosphorylation, resulting in the initiation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which results in the death of neurons. This review offers a compilation of available data to support the long-suspected correlation between environmental risk factors and AD pathology. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sreedhar Madishetti
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sanjay M Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
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13
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Tang J, Zheng C, Zheng F, Li Y, Wang YL, Aschner M, Guo Z, Yu G, Wu S, Li H. Global N6-methyladenosine profiling of cobalt-exposed cortex and human neuroblastoma H4 cells presents epitranscriptomics alterations in neurodegenerative disease-associated genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115326. [PMID: 32827984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to cobalt (Co) is known to make adverse impact on the nervous system, but its detailed mechanisms of neurotoxicity have yet to be determined. In this study, C57BL/6 mice (0, 4, 8, 16 mg/kg CoCl2, 30 days) and human neuroblastoma H4 cells (0, 100, 400, 600 μM CoCl2) were used as in vivo and in vitro models. Our results revealed that CoCl2 intraperitoneal injection caused significant impairments in learning and memory, as well as pathological damage in the nervous system. We further certificated the alteration of m6A methylation induced by CoCl2 exposure. Our findings demonstrate for the first time, significant differences in the degree of m6A modification, the biological function of m6A-modified transcripts between cortex and H4 cell samples. Specifically, MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq elucidate that CoCl2 exposure results in differentially m6A-modified and expressed genes, which were enriched in pathways involving synaptic transmission, and central nervous system (CNS) development. Mechanistic analyses revealed that CoCl2 remarkably changed m6A modification level by affecting the expression of m6A methyltransferase and demethylase, and decreasing the activity of demethylase. We observed variation of m6A modification in neurodegenerative disease-associated genes upon CoCl2 exposure and identified regulatory strategy between m6A and potential targets mRNA. Our novel findings provide novel insight into the functional roles of m6A modification in neurodegenerative damage caused by environmental neurotoxicants and identify Co-mediated specific RNA regulatory strategy for broadening the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of RNA induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Tang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China.
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14
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Yoon SH, Choi J, Lee WJ, Do JT. Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E966. [PMID: 32244359 PMCID: PMC7230567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, language development delays, repeated body movements, and markedly deteriorated activities and interests. Environmental factors, such as viral infection, parental age, and zinc deficiency, can be plausible contributors to ASD susceptibility. As ASD is highly heritable, genetic risk factors involved in neurodevelopment, neural communication, and social interaction provide important clues in explaining the etiology of ASD. Accumulated evidence also shows an important role of epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in ASD etiology. In this review, we compiled the research published to date and described the genetic and epigenetic epidemiology together with environmental risk factors underlying the etiology of the different phenotypes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.H.Y.); (J.C.); (W.J.L.)
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15
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Lermyte F, Everett J, Lam YPY, Wootton CA, Brooks J, Barrow MP, Telling ND, Sadler PJ, O'Connor PB, Collingwood JF. Metal Ion Binding to the Amyloid β Monomer Studied by Native Top-Down FTICR Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2123-2134. [PMID: 31350722 PMCID: PMC6805827 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Native top-down mass spectrometry is a fast, robust biophysical technique that can provide molecular-scale information on the interaction between proteins or peptides and ligands, including metal cations. Here we have analyzed complexes of the full-length amyloid β (1-42) monomer with a range of (patho)physiologically relevant metal cations using native Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and three different fragmentation methods-collision-induced dissociation, electron capture dissociation, and infrared multiphoton dissociation-all yielding consistent results. Amyloid β is of particular interest as its oligomerization and aggregation are major events in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, and it is known that interactions between the peptide and bioavailable metal cations have the potential to significantly damage neurons. Those metals which exhibited the strongest binding to the peptide (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+) all shared a very similar binding region containing two of the histidine residues near the N-terminus (His6, His13). Notably, Fe3+ bound to the peptide only when stabilized toward hydrolysis, aggregation, and precipitation by a chelating ligand, binding in the region between Ser8 and Gly25. We also identified two additional binding regions near the flexible, hydrophobic C-terminus, where other metals (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Na+, and K+) bound more weakly-one centered on Leu34, and one on Gly38. Unexpectedly, collisional activation of the complex formed between the peptide and [CoIII(NH3)6]3+ induced gas-phase reduction of the metal to CoII, allowing the peptide to fragment via radical-based dissociation pathways. This work demonstrates how native mass spectrometry can provide new insights into the interactions between amyloid β and metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Lermyte
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - James Everett
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Yuko P Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Neil D Telling
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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16
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Varikasuvu SR, Prasad V S, Kothapalli J, Manne M. Brain Selenium in Alzheimer's Disease (BRAIN SEAD Study): a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:361-369. [PMID: 30171594 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been found to be implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this meta-analytic review, we compared tissue levels between AD and non-AD brains of selenium, an important biological trace element well known for its vital role in the brain function. We included 14 studies with 40 observations on selenium concentrations in AD and control brains. The effect size as standardized mean difference (SMD) was generated using review manager 5.3. Random-effects meta-analysis indicated a decrease (SMD = - 0.42) in brain tissue selenium levels in AD as compared to non-AD controls. The subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated that the selenium levels were decreased in the temporal, hippocampal, and cortex regions in AD. The funnel plot with Egger's (p = 0.88) and Begg's tests (p = 0.24) detected no significant publication bias. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study/observation had significantly influenced the overall outcome. This meta-analysis provides consolidated evidence for a significant decrease of selenium status in AD brains compared to controls. In line with the evidence supporting selenium's antioxidant role and the involvement of oxidative stress in AD development, this meta-analysis supports new therapeutic strategies aimed at brain tissue selenium homeostasis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshadri Reddy Varikasuvu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502307, India.
| | - Satya Prasad V
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502307, India
| | - Jyothinath Kothapalli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502307, India
| | - Munikumar Manne
- Biomedical Informatics Center (BMIC), National Institute of Nutrition-Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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17
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Insights into the Potential Role of Mercury in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:511-533. [PMID: 30877448 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), which is a non-essential element, is considered a highly toxic pollutant for biological systems even when present at trace levels. Elevated Hg exposure with the growing release of atmospheric pollutant Hg and rising accumulations of mono-methylmercury (highly neurotoxic) in seafood products have increased its toxic potential for humans. This review aims to highlight the potential relationship between Hg exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on the existing literature in the field. Recent reports have hypothesized that Hg exposure could increase the potential risk of developing AD. Also, AD is known as a complex neurological disorder with increased amounts of both extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which may also be related to lifestyle and genetic variables. Research reports on AD and relationships between Hg and AD indicate that neurotransmitters such as serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate are dysregulated in patients with AD. Many researchers have suggested that AD patients should be evaluated for Hg exposure and toxicity. Some authors suggest further exploration of the Hg concentrations in AD patients. Dysfunctional signaling pathways in AD and Hg exposure appear to be interlinked with some driving factors such as arachidonic acid, homocysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, glucosamine glycans, glutathione, acetyl-L carnitine, melatonin, and HDL. This evidence suggests the need for a better understanding of the relationship between AD and Hg exposure, and potential mechanisms underlying the effects of Hg exposure on regional brain functions. Also, further studies evaluating brain functions are needed to explore the long-term effects of subclinical and untreated Hg toxicity on the brain function of AD patients.
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18
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Influence of Al3+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ Ions on Phosphorylation of Tubulin and Microtubulo-Associated Proteins of Rat Brain. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:512-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Pigatto PD, Costa A, Guzzi G. Are mercury and Alzheimer's disease linked? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:1579-1580. [PMID: 28889904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D Pigatto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Costa
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Maggiore Hospital Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Guzzi
- Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research - A.I.R.M.E.B., Milan, Italy.
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20
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Andrew AS, Chen CY, Caller TA, Tandan R, Henegan PL, Jackson BP, Hall BP, Bradley WG, Stommel EW. Toenail mercury Levels are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:10.1002/mus.26055. [PMID: 29314106 PMCID: PMC6034986 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mercury is a neurotoxic metal that is potentially a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Consumption of methylmercury contaminated fish is the primary source of US population exposure to mercury. METHODS We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure levels of mercury in toenail samples from patients with ALS (n = 46) and from controls (n = 66) as a biomarker of mercury exposure. RESULTS Patients with ALS had higher toenail mercury levels (odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 1.18-5.80, P = 0.024) compared with controls, adjusted for age and sex. We also estimated the amount of mercury consumed from finfish and shellfish and found toenail mercury levels elevated overall among patients with ALS and controls in the top quartile for consumption (P = 0.018). DISCUSSION Biomarker data show that ALS is associated with increased with mercury levels, which were related to estimated methylmercury intake via fish. Replication of these associations in additional populations is warranted. Muscle Nerve, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline S. Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Celia Y. Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Earth Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Tracie A. Caller
- Cheyenne Regional Medical Center, Medical Specialty Clinic, Cheyenne, WY
| | - Rup Tandan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Patricia L. Henegan
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Earth Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Brenda P. Hall
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Walter G. Bradley
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elijah W. Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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21
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de Wilde MC, Vellas B, Girault E, Yavuz AC, Sijben JW. Lower brain and blood nutrient status in Alzheimer's disease: Results from meta-analyses. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2017; 3:416-431. [PMID: 29067348 PMCID: PMC5651428 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are at risk of nutritional insufficiencies because of physiological and psychological factors. Recently, we showed the results of the meta-analyses indicating lower plasma levels of vitamins A, B12, C, E, and folate in AD patients compared with cognitively intact elderly controls (controls). Now, additional and more extensive literature searches were performed selecting studies which compare blood and brain/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, micronutrients, and fatty acids in AD patients versus controls. METHODS The literature published after 1980 in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, and Embase electronic databases was systematically analyzed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to detect studies meeting the selection criteria. Search terms used are as follows: AD patients, Controls, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, micronutrients, and fatty acids. Random-effects meta-analyses using a linear mixed model with correction for age differences between AD patients and controls were performed when four or more publications were retrieved for a specific nutrient. RESULTS Random-effects meta-analyses of 116 selected publications showed significant lower CSF/brain levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline-containing lipids, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin E. In addition, AD patients showed lower circulatory levels of DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, choline as phosphatidylcholine, and selenium. CONCLUSION The current data show that patients with AD have lower CSF/brain availability of DHA, choline, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Directionally, brain nutrient status appears to parallel the lower circulatory nutrient status; however, more studies are required measuring simultaneously circulatory and central nutrient status to obtain better insight in this observation. The brain is dependent on nutrient supply from the circulation, which in combination with nutrient involvement in AD-pathophysiological mechanisms suggests that patients with AD may have specific nutritional requirements. This hypothesis could be tested using a multicomponent nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C. de Wilde
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole and UMR INSERM 1027 University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Girault
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - John W. Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bjørklund G, Aaseth J, Ajsuvakova OP, Nikonorov AA, Skalny AV, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Molecular interaction between mercury and selenium in neurotoxicity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Koseoglu E, Koseoglu R, Kendirci M, Saraymen R, Saraymen B. Trace metal concentrations in hair and nails from Alzheimer's disease patients: Relations with clinical severity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:124-128. [PMID: 27908403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metals, especially transition metals, seem to be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. This study aims to determine the relationship of trace metal elements to the pathogenesis and/or course of Alzheimer Disease in terms of clinical severity. METHODS The hair and nail trace metal levels of 62 Alzheimer Disease patients at different clinical stages (21 mild, 20 moderate, 21 severe) and 60 healthy control subjects were measured by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The statistical comparisons were performed with regards to the study groups, clinical stages, disease duration and age. RESULTS The patient and control groups were significantly different from each other in regards to Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Hg (p<0.001), Zn (p<0.01) in nail concentrations and, Na, Al, Pb, Co (p<0.001), Fe, Mn (p=0.001), Hg, Cu, Cd, K in hair concentrations (p<0.01). No difference was detected in the levels of Mg and Ca. Nail Na level showed differences among different clinical stages of the disease (p<0.01). In comparing the mild degree Alzheimer patients to the control group; significant differences were detected in nail Mn, Fe, Cu, Co (p<0.001), Hg, Zn (p<0.01) and, hair Pb, Al (p<0.001), Na, K levels (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results have shown that transition and posttransition metals are especially important metals for the disease process. The relation of nail Na level with clinical stages of AD is an interesting new finding, making someone to think that alkali metals may be important in the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Koseoglu
- Erciyes University, Facultyof Medicine, Department of Neurology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Rahmi Koseoglu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kendirci
- Nevsehir State Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nevsehir, Turkey.
| | - Recep Saraymen
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Burak Saraymen
- Erciyes University, Health Institute, Primary Health Center Doctor, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Roberts BR, Doecke JD, Rembach A, Yévenes LF, Fowler CJ, McLean CA, Lind M, Volitakis I, Masters CL, Bush AI, Hare DJ. Rubidium and potassium levels are altered in Alzheimer's disease brain and blood but not in cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:119. [PMID: 27842602 PMCID: PMC5109650 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of intracellular compartmentalization of potassium is a biochemical feature of Alzheimer's disease indicating a loss of membrane integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction. We examined potassium and rubidium (a biological proxy for potassium) in brain tissue, blood fractions and cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease and healthy control subjects to investigate the diagnostic potential of these two metal ions. We found that both potassium and rubidium levels were significantly decreased across all intracellular compartments in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Serum from over 1000 participants in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), showed minor changes according to disease state. Potassium and rubidium levels in erythrocytes and cerebrospinal fluid were not significantly different according to disease state, and rubidium was slightly decreased in Alzheimer's disease patients compared to healthy controls. Our data provides evidence that contrasts the hypothesized disruption of the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease, with the systemic decrease in cortical potassium and rubidium levels suggesting influx of ions from the blood is minimal and that the observed changes are more likely indicative of an internal energy crisis within the brain. These findings may be the basis for potential diagnostic imaging studies using radioactive potassium and rubidium tracers.
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25
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Cuajungco MP, Lees GJ, Kydd RR, Tanzi RE, Bush AI. Zinc and Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 2:191-208. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.1999.11747277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Olesen RH, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Smidt K, Rungby J, Larsen A. Obesity and age-related alterations in the gene expression of zinc-transporter proteins in the human brain. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e838. [PMID: 27300264 PMCID: PMC4931611 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing. Major risk factors for AD are advancing age and diabetes. Lately, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of dementia. Obese and diabetic individuals are prone to decreased circulating levels of zinc, reducing the amount of zinc available for crucial intracellular processes. In the brain, zinc co-localizes with glutamate in synaptic vesicles, and modulates NMDA receptor activity. Intracellular zinc is involved in apoptosis and fluctuations in cytoplasmic Zn(2+) affect modulation of intracellular signaling. The ZNT and ZIP proteins participate in intracellular zinc homeostasis. Altered expression of zinc-regulatory proteins has been described in AD patients. Using microarray data from human frontal cortex (BrainCloud), this study investigates expression of the SCLA30A (ZNT) and SCLA39A (ZIP) families of genes in a Caucasian and African-American sample of 145 neurologically and psychiatrically normal individuals. Expression of ZNT3 and ZNT4 were significantly reduced with increasing age, whereas expression of ZIP1, ZIP9 and ZIP13 were significantly increased. Increasing body mass index (BMI) correlated with a significant reduction in ZNT1 expression similar to what is seen in the early stages of AD. Increasing BMI also correlated with reduced expression of ZNT6. In conclusion, we found that the expression of genes that regulate intracellular zinc homeostasis in the human frontal cortex is altered with increasing age and affected by increasing BMI. With the increasing rates of obesity throughout the world, these findings warrant continuous scrutiny of the long-term consequences of obesity on brain function and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Smidt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - A Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Yoshida S, Hori E, Ura S, Haratake M, Fuchigami T, Nakayama M. A Comprehensive Analysis of Selenium-Binding Proteins in the Brain Using Its Reactive Metabolite. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:52-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Yoshida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Eriko Hori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Sakiko Ura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | | | | | - Morio Nakayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Sun YH, Nfor ON, Huang JY, Liaw YP. Association between dental amalgam fillings and Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2015; 7:65. [PMID: 26560125 PMCID: PMC4642684 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The potential effects of amalgam fillings on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not well understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between dental amalgam fillings and Alzheimer’s disease in Taiwanese population aged 65 and older. Methods Data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID 2005 and 2010). The study enrolled 1,943,702 beneficiaries from the LHID database. After excluding death cases and individuals aged 65 and under, 207,587 enrollees were finally involved in the study. Dental amalgam fillings are coded as 89001C, 89002C, 89003C, 89101C, 89102C, or 89103C in the national health insurance research database (NHIRD). Alzheimer’s disease was diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes 331.0. Results Individuals exposed to amalgam fillings had higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratio, OR = 1.105, 95 % confidence interval, CI = 1.025-1.190) than their non-exposed counterparts. Further analysis showed that the odds ratio of Ahlzheimer's disease was 1.07 (95 % CI = 0.962-1.196) in men and 1.132 (95 % CI = 1.022-1.254) in women. Conclusions Women who were exposed to amalgam fillings were 1.132 times more likely to have Alzheimer’s disease than were their non-exposed counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Sun
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chin-Chan M, Navarro-Yepes J, Quintanilla-Vega B. Environmental pollutants as risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:124. [PMID: 25914621 PMCID: PMC4392704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson (PD) have attracted attention in last decades due to their high incidence worldwide. The etiology of these diseases is still unclear; however the role of the environment as a putative risk factor has gained importance. More worryingly is the evidence that pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental factors predispose to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases in later life. Neurotoxic metals such as lead, mercury, aluminum, cadmium and arsenic, as well as some pesticides and metal-based nanoparticles have been involved in AD due to their ability to increase beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the phosphorylation of Tau protein (P-Tau), causing senile/amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) characteristic of AD. The exposure to lead, manganese, solvents and some pesticides has been related to hallmarks of PD such as mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in metal homeostasis and aggregation of proteins such as α-synuclein (α-syn), which is a key constituent of Lewy bodies (LB), a crucial factor in PD pathogenesis. Common mechanisms of environmental pollutants to increase Aβ, P-Tau, α-syn and neuronal death have been reported, including the oxidative stress mainly involved in the increase of Aβ and α-syn, and the reduced activity/protein levels of Aβ degrading enzyme (IDE)s such as neprilysin or insulin IDE. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms by maternal nutrient supplementation and exposure to heavy metals and pesticides have been proposed to lead phenotypic diversity and susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses data from epidemiological and experimental studies about the role of environmental factors in the development of idiopathic AD and PD, and their mechanisms of action.
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Chin-Chan M, Segovia J, Quintanar L, Arcos-López T, Hersh LB, Chow KM, Rodgers DW, Quintanilla-Vega B. Mercury Reduces the Enzymatic Activity of Neprilysin in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:128-37. [PMID: 25673500 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the central nervous system are regulated by the balance between its synthesis and degradation. Neprilysin (NEP) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by its ability to degrade Aβ. Some studies have involved the exposure to mercury (Hg) in AD pathogenesis; therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects on the anabolism and catabolism of Aβ in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells incubated with 1-20 μM of Hg. Exposure to 20 µM of Hg induced an increase in Aβ-42 secretion, but did not increase the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Hg incubation (10 and 20 µM) increased NEP protein levels; however, it did not change NEP mRNA levels nor the levels of the amyloid intracellular domain peptide, a protein fragment with transcriptional activity. Interestingly, Hg reduced NEP activity at 10 and 20 µM, and circular dichroism analysis using human recombinant NEP showed conformational changes after incubation with molar equivalents of Hg. This suggests that the Hg-induced inhibition of NEP activity may be mediated by a conformational change resulting in reduced Aβ-42 degradation. Finally, the comparative effects of lead (Pb, 50 μM) were evaluated. We found a significant increase in Aβ-42 levels and a dramatic increase in APP protein levels; however, no alteration in NEP levels was observed nor in the enzymatic activity of this metalloprotease, despite the fact that Pb slightly modified the rhNEP conformation. Overall, our data suggest that Hg and Pb increase Aβ levels by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chin-Chan
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - José Segovia
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - Trinidad Arcos-López
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - Louis B Hersh
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - K Martin Chow
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - David W Rodgers
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
| | - Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega
- *Department of Toxicology, Ave. IPN 2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07360 and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509
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Romero A, Ramos E, de Los Ríos C, Egea J, Del Pino J, Reiter RJ. A review of metal-catalyzed molecular damage: protection by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:343-70. [PMID: 24628077 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal exposure is associated with several toxic effects; herein, we review the toxicity mechanisms of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, aluminum, chromium, iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, and molybdenum as these processes relate to free radical generation. Free radicals can be generated in cells due to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous processes, causing modifications in DNA bases, enhancing lipid peroxidation, and altering calcium and sulfhydryl homeostasis. Melatonin, an ubiquitous and pleiotropic molecule, exerts efficient protection against oxidative stress and ameliorates oxidative/nitrosative damage by a variety of mechanisms. Also, melatonin has a chelating property which may contribute in reducing metal-induced toxicity as we postulate here. The aim of this review was to highlight the protective role of melatonin in counteracting metal-induced free radical generation. Understanding the physicochemical insights of melatonin related to the free radical scavenging activity and the stimulation of antioxidative enzymes is of critical importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against the toxic action of these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Serum levels of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:175-80. [PMID: 24346187 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements are essential components of biological structures, but alternatively, they can be toxic at concentrations beyond those necessary for their biological functions. Changes in the concentration of essential trace elements and heavy metals may affect acute hemorrhagic stroke. The aim of this study was to measure serum levels of essential trace elements [iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg)] and heavy metals [cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)] in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. Twenty-six patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and 29 healthy controls were enrolled. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (UNICAM-929) was used to measure serum Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Mn and Mg concentrations. Serum Cd, Pb and Fe levels were significantly higher in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke than controls (p < 0.001), while serum Cu, Zn, Mg and Mn levels were significantly lower (all p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to serum Co levels (p > 0.05). We first demonstrate increased Cd, Pb, and Fe levels; and decreased Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn levels in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. These findings may have diagnostic and prognostic value for acute hemorrhagic stroke. Further studies are required to elucidate the roles of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke.
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Rembach A, Hare DJ, Lind M, Fowler CJ, Cherny RA, McLean C, Bush AI, Masters CL, Roberts BR. Decreased copper in Alzheimer's disease brain is predominantly in the soluble extractable fraction. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 2013:623241. [PMID: 24228186 PMCID: PMC3818847 DOI: 10.1155/2013/623241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and represents a significant burden on the global economy and society. The role of transition metals, in particular copper (Cu), in AD has become of significant interest due to the dyshomeostasis of these essential elements, which can impart profound effects on cell viability and neuronal function. We tested the hypothesis that there is a systemic perturbation in Cu compartmentalization in AD, within the brain as well as in the periphery, specifically within erythrocytes. Our results showed that the previously reported decrease in Cu within the human frontal cortex was confined to the soluble (P < 0.05) and total homogenate (P < 0.05) fractions. No differences were observed in Cu concentration in erythrocytes. Our data indicate that there is a brain specific alteration in Cu levels in AD localized to the soluble extracted material, which is not reflected in erythrocytes. Further studies using metalloproteomics approaches will be able to elucidate the metabolic mechanism(s) that results in the decreased brain Cu levels during the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Lind
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert A. Cherny
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Szewczyk B. Zinc homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:33. [PMID: 23882214 PMCID: PMC3715721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element, whose importance to the function of the central nervous system (CNS) is increasingly being appreciated. Alterations in zinc dyshomeostasis has been suggested as a key factor in the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders. In the CNS, zinc occurs in two forms: the first being tightly bound to proteins and, secondly, the free, cytoplasmic, or extracellular form found in presynaptic vesicles. Under normal conditions, zinc released from the synaptic vesicles modulates both ionotropic and metabotropic post-synaptic receptors. While under clinical conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke or epilepsy, the excess influx of zinc into neurons has been found to result in neurotoxicity and damage to postsynaptic neurons. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence suggests that a deficiency, rather than an excess, of zinc leads to an increased risk for the development of neurological disorders. Indeed, zinc deficiency has been shown to affect neurogenesis and increase neuronal apoptosis, which can lead to learning and memory deficits. Altered zinc homeostasis is also suggested as a risk factor for depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), aging, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Under normal CNS physiology, homeostatic controls are put in place to avoid the accumulation of excess zinc or its deficiency. This cellular zinc homeostasis results from the actions of a coordinated regulation effected by different proteins involved in the uptake, excretion and intracellular storage/trafficking of zinc. These proteins include membranous transporters (ZnT and Zip) and metallothioneins (MT) which control intracellular zinc levels. Interestingly, alterations in ZnT and MT have been recently reported in both aging and AD. This paper provides an overview of both clinical and experimental evidence that implicates a dysfunction in zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology of depression, AD, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow, Poland
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Haratake M, Yoshida S, Mandai M, Fuchigami T, Nakayama M. Elevated amyloid-β plaque deposition in dietary selenium-deficient Tg2576 transgenic mice. Metallomics 2013; 5:479-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reviews evidence of an association between zinc (Zn) nutrition and Alzheimer's disease (AD) or age-associated cognitive decline. The involvement of zinc in the pathology of AD has been reported hundreds of times. It is, however, still a matter of debate whether the disease progression can be influenced by modifying zinc in the diet. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Biosis, ALOIS, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, and different publisher databases, and included studies that dealt with zinc in the diet and AD or cognitive decline in elderly subjects. RESULTS Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Neither randomized-controlled trials nor observational studies provide conclusive evidence whether Zn in the diet is associated with cognitive decline or AD. Case-control and autopsy studies suggest decreased systemic and increased brain Zn levels, respectively. DISCUSSION The current state of evidence does not allow conclusions to be drawn on whether supplementation of Zn is beneficial for the prevention or treatment of AD, although a subclinical deficiency appears common in the elderly and subjects with AD. Dietary studies with animals suggest that the impact of dietary Zn on cognitive performance depend on additional nutrients. Further studies are necessary to determine whether Zn deficiency is a risk factor for AD in general terms or under certain dietary circumstances only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loef
- European University Viadrina, Institute of Transcultural Health Studies, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany/Samueli Institute, European Office, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
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Feng Y, La M. Cesium's Affects on Morphological Changes of Human Erythrocytes. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bernhoft RA. Mercury toxicity and treatment: a review of the literature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 2012:460508. [PMID: 22235210 PMCID: PMC3253456 DOI: 10.1155/2012/460508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic heavy metal which is widely dispersed in nature. Most human exposure results from fish consumption or dental amalgam. Mercury occurs in several chemical forms, with complex pharmacokinetics. Mercury is capable of inducing a wide range of clinical presentations. Diagnosis of mercury toxicity can be challenging but can be obtained with reasonable reliability. Effective therapies for clinical toxicity have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Bernhoft
- Bernhoft Center for Advanced Medicine, Suite 208, 11677 San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA.
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Schrag M, Mueller C, Oyoyo U, Kirsch WM. Iron, zinc and copper in the Alzheimer's disease brain: a quantitative meta-analysis. Some insight on the influence of citation bias on scientific opinion. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 94:296-306. [PMID: 21600264 PMCID: PMC3134620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional homeostasis of transition metals is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although questioned by some, brain copper, zinc, and particularly iron overload are widely accepted features of AD which have led to the hypothesis that oxidative stress generated from aberrant homeostasis of these transition metals might be a pathogenic mechanism behind AD. This meta-analysis compiled and critically assessed available quantitative data on brain iron, zinc and copper levels in AD patients compared to aged controls. The results were very heterogeneous. A series of heavily cited articles from one laboratory reported a large increase in iron in AD neocortex compared to age-matched controls (p<0.0001) while seven laboratories failed to reproduce these findings reporting no significant difference between the groups (p=0.76). A more than three-fold citation bias was found to favor outlier studies reporting increases in iron and this bias was particularly prominent among narrative review articles. Additionally, while zinc was not significantly changed in the neocortex (p=0.29), copper was significantly depleted in AD (p=0.0003). In light of these findings, it will be important to re-evaluate the hypothesis that transition metal overload accounts for oxidative injury noted in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schrag
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine and the Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda, California
| | - Claudius Mueller
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Udochukwu Oyoyo
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Wolff M. Kirsch
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine and the Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda, California
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Liu L, Li Q, Sapolsky R, Liao M, Mehta K, Bhargava A, Pasricha PJ. Transient gastric irritation in the neonatal rats leads to changes in hypothalamic CRF expression, depression- and anxiety-like behavior as adults. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19498. [PMID: 21589865 PMCID: PMC3093391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A disturbance of the brain-gut axis is a prominent feature in functional bowel disorders (such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia) and psychological abnormalities are often implicated in their pathogenesis. We hypothesized that psychological morbidity in these conditions may result from gastrointestinal problems, rather than causing them. METHODS Functional dyspepsia was induced by neonatal gastric irritation in male rats. 10-day old male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.1% iodoacetamide (IA) or vehicle by oral gavage for 6 days. At 8-10 weeks of age, rats were tested with sucrose preference and forced-swimming tests to examine depression-like behavior. Elevated plus maze, open field and light-dark box tests were used to test anxiety-like behaviors. ACTH and corticosterone responses to a minor stressor, saline injection, and hypothalamic CRF expression were also measured. RESULTS Behavioral tests revealed changes of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in IA-treated, but not control rats. As compared with controls, hypothalamic and amygdaloid CRF immunoreactivity, basal levels of plasma corticosterone and stress-induced ACTH were significantly higher in IA-treated rats. Gastric sensory ablation with resiniferatoxin had no effect on behaviors but treatment with CRF type 1 receptor antagonist, antalarmin, reversed the depression-like behavior in IA-treated rats CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that transient gastric irritation in the neonatal period can induce a long lasting increase in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, increased expression of CRF in the hypothalamus, and an increased sensitivity of HPA axis to stress. The depression-like behavior may be mediated by the CRF1 receptor. These findings have significant implications for the pathogenesis of psychological co-morbidity in patients with functional bowel disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Robert Sapolsky
- Department of Biology, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Kshama Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Pankaj J. Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mutter J. Is dental amalgam safe for humans? The opinion of the scientific committee of the European Commission. J Occup Med Toxicol 2011; 6:2. [PMID: 21232090 PMCID: PMC3025977 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was claimed by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR)) in a report to the EU-Commission that "....no risks of adverse systemic effects exist and the current use of dental amalgam does not pose a risk of systemic disease..." [1, available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_016.pdf].SCENIHR disregarded the toxicology of mercury and did not include most important scientific studies in their review. But the real scientific data show that:(a) Dental amalgam is by far the main source of human total mercury body burden. This is proven by autopsy studies which found 2-12 times more mercury in body tissues of individuals with dental amalgam. Autopsy studies are the most valuable and most important studies for examining the amalgam-caused mercury body burden.(b) These autopsy studies have shown consistently that many individuals with amalgam have toxic levels of mercury in their brains or kidneys.(c) There is no correlation between mercury levels in blood or urine, and the levels in body tissues or the severity of clinical symptoms. SCENIHR only relied on levels in urine or blood.(d) The half-life of mercury in the brain can last from several years to decades, thus mercury accumulates over time of amalgam exposure in body tissues to toxic levels. However, SCENIHR state that the half-life of mercury in the body is only "20-90 days".(e) Mercury vapor is about ten times more toxic than lead on human neurons and with synergistic toxicity to other metals.(f) Most studies cited by SCENIHR which conclude that amalgam fillings are safe have severe methodical flaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mutter
- Department of Environmental and integrative medicine Lohnerhofstraße 2, 78467 Constance/Germany.
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Haratake M, Koga K, Inoue M, Fuchigami T, Nakayama M. Absorption and retention characteristics of selenium in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Metallomics 2011; 3:1019-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Reiter RJ, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Neurotoxins: free radical mechanisms and melatonin protection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8:194-210. [PMID: 21358970 PMCID: PMC3001213 DOI: 10.2174/157015910792246236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins that pass through the blood-brain barrier put neurons and glia in peril. The damage inflicted is usually a consequence of the ability of these toxic agents to induce free radical generation within cells but especially at the level of the mitochondria. The elevated production of oxygen and nitrogen-based radicals and related non-radical products leads to the oxidation of essential macromolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA. The resultant damage is referred to as oxidative and nitrosative stress and, when the molecular destruction is sufficiently severe, it causes apoptosis or necrosis of neurons and glia. Loss of brain cells compromises the functions of the central nervous system expressed as motor, sensory and cognitive deficits and psychological alterations. In this survey we summarize the publications related to the following neurotoxins and the protective actions of melatonin: aminolevulinic acid, cyanide, domoic acid, kainic acid, metals, methamphetamine, polychlorinated biphenyls, rotenone, toluene and 6-hydroxydopamine. Given the potent direct free radical scavenging activities of melatonin and its metabolites, their ability to indirectly stimulate antioxidative enzymes and their efficacy in reducing electron leakage from mitochondria, it would be expected that these molecules would protect the brain from oxidative and nitrosative molecular mutilation. The studies summarized in this review indicate that this is indeed the case, an action that is obviously assisted by the fact that melatonin readily crosses the blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
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Selenoproteins and the aging brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Aschner* M, Onishchenko N, Ceccatelli S. Toxicology of Alkylmercury Compounds. ORGANOMETALLICS IN ENVIRONMENT AND TOXICOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730822-00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury is a global pollutant and potent neurotoxin whose abundance in the food chain mandates additional studies on the consequences and mechanisms of its toxicity to the central nervous system. Formulation of our new hypotheses was predicated on our appreciation for (a) the remarkable affinity of mercurials for the anionic form of sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, and (b) the essential role of thiols in protein biochemistry. The present chapter addresses pathways to human exposure of various mercury compounds, highlighting their neurotoxicity and potential involvement in neurotoxic injury and neurodegenerative changes, both in the developing and senescent brain. Mechanisms that trigger these effects are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner*
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Nashville TN 37232 USA
| | | | - Sandra Ceccatelli
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neuroscience SE-17177 Stockholm Sweden
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R. HIBBERD M. A. HOWARD A. G. HUNNI A. Mercury from Dental Amalgam Fillings: Studies on Oral Chelating Agents for Assessing and Reducing Mercury Burdens in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13590849861998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Lee J, Kim CH, Kim DG, Ahn YS. Zinc Inhibits Amyloid beta Production from Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 13:195-200. [PMID: 19885037 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc released from excited glutamatergic neurons accelerates amyloid beta (Abeta) aggregation, underscoring the therapeutic potential of zinc chelation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Zinc can also alter Abeta concentration by affecting its degradation. In order to elucidate the possible role of zinc influx in secretase-processed Abeta production, SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) were treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a zinc ionophore, and the resultant changes in APP processing were examined. PDTC decreased Abeta40 and Abeta42 concentrations in culture media bathing APP-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Measuring the levels of a series of C-terminal APP fragments generated by enzymatic cutting at different APP-cleavage sites showed that both beta- and alpha-cleavage of APP were inhibited by zinc influx. PDTC also interfered with the maturation of APP. PDTC, however, paradoxically increased the intracellular levels of Abeta40. These results indicate that inhibition of secretase-mediated APP cleavage accounts -at least in part- for zinc inhibition of Abeta secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Sungnam 463-836, Korea
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Antioxidant activity of sulfur and selenium: a review of reactive oxygen species scavenging, glutathione peroxidase, and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 2009; 55:1-23. [PMID: 19548119 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of cellular damage and death and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Small-molecule antioxidants containing sulfur and selenium can ameliorate oxidative damage, and cells employ multiple antioxidant mechanisms to prevent this cellular damage. However, current research has focused mainly on clinical, epidemiological, and in vivo studies with little emphasis on the antioxidant mechanisms responsible for observed sulfur and selenium antioxidant activities. In addition, the antioxidant properties of sulfur compounds are commonly compared to selenium antioxidant properties; however, sulfur and selenium antioxidant activities can be quite distinct, with each utilizing different antioxidant mechanisms to prevent oxidative cellular damage. In the present review, we discuss the antioxidant activities of sulfur and selenium compounds, focusing on several antioxidant mechanisms, including ROS scavenging, glutathione peroxidase, and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms. Findings of several recent clinical, epidemiological, and in vivo studies highlight the need for future studies that specifically focus on the chemical mechanisms of sulfur and selenium antioxidant behavior.
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