1
|
Long-Term Alcohol Consumption Caused a Significant Decrease in Serum High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A-I with the Atherogenic Changes of HDL in Middle-Aged Korean Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158623. [PMID: 35955766 PMCID: PMC9369027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-to-moderate alcohol drinking is associated with a low incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) via an elevation of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), particularly with the short-term supplementation of alcohol. However, there is no information on the change in the HDL qualities and functionalities between non-drinkers and mild drinkers in the long-term consumption of alcohol. This study analyzed the lipid and lipoprotein profiles of middle-aged Korean female non-drinkers, mild-drinkers, and binge-drinkers, who consumed alcohol for at least 10 years. Unexpectedly, the serum levels of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) were decreased significantly depending on the alcohol amount; the binge-drinker group showed 18% and 13% lower HDL-C (p = 0.011) and apoA-I levels (p = 0.024), respectively, than the non-drinker group. Triglyceride (TG) and oxidized species, malondialdehyde (MDA), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels were significantly elevated in the drinker groups. Interestingly, the binge-drinker group showed 1.4-fold higher (p = 0.020) cholesterol contents in HDL2 and 1.7-fold higher (p < 0.001) TG contents in HDL3 than those of the non-drinker group. The mild-drinker group also showed higher TG contents in HDL3 (p = 0.032) than the non-drinker group, while cholesterol contents were similar in the HDL3 of all groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the non-drinker group showed a more distinct and clear particle shape of the LDL and HDL image with a larger particle size than the drinker group. Electrophoresis of LDL showed that the drinker group had faster electromobility with a higher smear band intensity and aggregation in the loading position than the non-drinker group. The HDL level of binge drinkers showed the lowest paraoxonase activity, the highest glycated extent, and the most smear band intensity of HDL and apoA-I, indicating that HDL quality and functionality were impaired by alcohol consumption. In conclusion, long-term alcohol consumption in middle-aged women, even in small amounts, caused a significant decrease in the serum HDL-C and apoA-I with atherogenic changes in LDL and HDL, such as an increase in TG and MDA content with a loss of paraoxonase activity.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Kong D, Ai D, Xu A, Yu W, Peng Z, Peng J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu R, Li W, Hai C, Zhang X, Wang X. Insulin resistance enhances binge ethanol-induced liver injury through promoting oxidative stress and up-regulation CYP2E1. Life Sci 2022; 303:120681. [PMID: 35662646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has caused a serious burden on public and personal health in crowd with ethanol abuse. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on ALD and the mechanisms underlying these responses are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the changes of liver injury, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and CYP2E1 changes in liver of mice exposed to ethanol with IR or not. We found IR increased the sensitivity of liver injury in mice exposed to ethanol, manifested as the increase serum activities of AST and ALT, the accumulation of triglycerides, the deterioration of liver pathology and increase of inflammatory factors. IR also exacerbated apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver of mice exposed to ethanol. The increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of antioxidant defense ability might be responsible for the sensitizing effects of IR on ethanol-induced liver injury, supported by the increase of MDA levels and the decline of GSH/GSSG, the inactivation of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GR through the inhibition of Nrf-2 pathway. The activation of CYP2E1 might be also involved in the sensitizing effects of IR on ethanol induced liver injury in mice. These results demonstrated that IR exhibited a significant pro-oxidative and pro-apoptosis effects to aggravate alcoholic liver injury. Our study helped us to better understand the sensitive role of IR on ALD and suggested that alcohol intake may be more harmful for people with IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Duo Ai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Second Brigade of Basic Medical College Students, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Second Brigade of Basic Medical College Students, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao C, Yu W, Zhao X, Li C, Fan B, Lv J, Wei M, He L, Su C, Zhang T. Four-Way Decomposition of Effect of Alcohol Consumption and Body Mass Index on Lipid Profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413211. [PMID: 34948819 PMCID: PMC8701985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Both obesity and alcohol consumption are strongly associated with dyslipidemia; however, it remains unclear whether their joint effect on lipid profiles is through mediation, interaction, or a combination of the two. Methods: In total, 9849 subjects were selected from the 2009 panel of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A four-way decomposition method was used to validate the pathways of drinking and body mass index (BMI) on lipids (total cholesterol, TC; triglyceride, TG; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; apolipoprotein A, APO-A; and apolipoprotein B, APO-B). Results: According to four-way decomposition, the total effects of drinking on lipids were found to be statistically significant, except for LDL-C. The components due to reference interaction were 0.63, 0.48, 0.60, −0.39, −0.30, and 0.20 for TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, APO-A and APO-B, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). The effect size of pure indirect effect and mediated interaction were 0.001~0.006 (p > 0.05 for all). Further, linear regression models were used to examine the effect of BMI on lipid profiles in drinkers and non-drinkers. The associations of BMI and lipids were higher in all drinkers than in non-drinkers (0.069 versus 0.048 for TC, 0.079 versus 0.059 for TG, 0.057 versus 0.037 for LDL-C, −0.045 versus −0.029 for HDL-C, −0.024 versus −0.011 for APO-A and 0.026 versus 0.019 for APO-B, p interaction <0.05 for all). Conclusions: The joint effect of alcohol consumption and obesity on lipid profiles is through interaction rather than mediation. Alcohol consumption amplifies the harmful effect of BMI on lipid profiles. Greater attention should be paid to lipid health and cardiovascular risk in obese individuals regarding alcohol consumption. For obese individuals, we do not recommend alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Xiangjuan Zhao
- Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Mengke Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (B.F.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.H.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan 250002, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese adults living in Ningbo and to examine the association between alcohol consumption and MetS and its medical components. DESIGN A representative survey in Ningbo was conducted in 2015 covering socio-demography. A FFQ together with additional questionnaires was used to collect information on alcohol consumption, diet, demography, lifestyle and medical information. Multivariable logistic regression and generalised linear models were used to examine the association between alcohol consumption and both MetS and its medical components, respectively. SETTING Ningbo, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2853 adults ≥ 20 years (44 % men) in this final analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of frequent alcohol drinkers and MetS was 29·9 % and 28·0 %, respectively. Significantly higher prevalence of MetS and mean values of medical components were found in the group of frequent alcohol drinkers with an exception for HDL-cholesterol, compared with less or non-alcohol drinkers. Frequent alcohol consumption was associated with higher odds of developing MetS and positively associated with medical components excepting waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Frequent alcohol consumption contributed to a higher prevalence of MetS and unfavourable influence on MetS and its medical components among Chinese adults. A public health intervention on alcohol restriction is necessary for the prevention and control of the ongoing epidemic MetS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu B, He H, Hou T. A Comprehensive Review of Corn Protein-derived Bioactive Peptides: Production, Characterization, Bioactivities, and Transport Pathways. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:329-345. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suhailah SAJ, Soheir NAER. Preventive effect of black rice antioxidant extract on oxidative stress induced by ethyl alcohol. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 17:478-485. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
7
|
Kim SK, Hong SH, Chung JH, Cho KB. Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in a Community-Based Cohort of Korean Adults. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2104-2110. [PMID: 28465500 PMCID: PMC5424649 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. This study investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and MetS components and prevalence. Material/Methods We analyzed 10 037 subjects (3076 MetS and 6961 non-MetS) in a community-based cohort. MetS was defined according to the ATP III Guidelines. Subjects were divided according to amount of alcohol consumption; non-drinker, very light (0.1–5.0 g/day), light (5.1–15.0 g/day), moderate (15.1–30.0 g/day), and heavy drinker (>30 g/day). Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed in men and women separately. SPSS statistical software was used for analyses. Results The prevalence of MetS in both males and females was associated with alcohol drinking status (p<0.0001). Amount of alcohol consumption (0.1–5.0 g/day) was significantly associated with lower prevalence of MetS in both genders compared to non-drinkers. Amount of alcohol consumption (>30.0 g/day) did not show a significant association with prevalence of MetS. However, alcohol consumption (>30.0 g/day) showed an association with glucose and HDL cholesterol among the components of MetS. Conclusions Our results indicate that alcohol drinking (0.1–5.0 g/day) contributed to decrease prevalence of MetS and components, including triglyceride and HDL cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Hong
- Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Food and Nutrition Major, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Bong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Apostolidou C, Adamopoulos K, Iliadis S, Kourtidou-Papadeli C. Alterations of antioxidant status in asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic individuals after resveratrol intake. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:541-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1174192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
She X, Wang F, Ma J, Chen X, Ren D, Lu J. In vitroantioxidant and protective effects of corn peptides on ethanol-induced damage in HepG2 cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1079597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
10
|
Liu J, Wang X, Liu R, Liu Y, Zhang T, Fu H, Hai C. Oleanolic acid co-administration alleviates ethanol-induced hepatic injury via Nrf-2 and ethanol-metabolizing modulating in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:88-98. [PMID: 25111957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. Our previous results have found that oleanolic acid (OA), a liver protective agent, plays a potent antioxidant activity in hepatocyte. In the present study, the protective effects of OA co-administration on ethanol-induced oxidative injury in rats were investigated through detecting hepatic histopathology, antioxidant enzymes, ethanol metabolic enzymes and inflammatory factors. Preventions of ethanol-induced oxidative injury by OA were reflected by markedly decreased serum activities of AST, ALT and significantly increased the hepatic ATP level. In addition, the increase of the hepatic TG content, MDA level and the decrease of hepatic GSH level, SOD activity, CAT activity induced by ethanol were significantly inhibited by OA co-administration. Furthermore, OA could also elevate the protein expressions and nuclear translocation of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf-2 and then up-regulated antioxidant enzymes expressions of HO-1, SOD-1 and GR. Moreover, OA co-administration can significantly reduce the activity and expressions of CYP2E1 and ADH, which has characteristic of generation ROS mediated oxidative stress and acetaldehyde respectively. Furthermore, OA co-administration could inhibition of the generation of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Those above results indicated that OA co-administration can protect rats against ethanol-induced liver injury by induction Nrf-2 related antioxidant to maintain redox balance and modulating the ethanol-metabolizing and inflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cholesterol and the "Cycle of Violence" in attempted suicide. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:646-50. [PMID: 24503286 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An association between low levels of serum cholesterol and violent or suicidal behaviour has frequently been reported. However the role of serum cholesterol in the cycle of violence (Widom, 1989) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate association between exposure to violence during childhood and used adult violence in suicide attempters with low and high serum cholesterol levels. 81 suicide attempters were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6 and 14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). We used median split to dichotomise groups below and above median serum cholesterol. In patients with serum cholesterol below median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and used adult violence was significant (rho=0.52, p=0.002), while in patients with serum cholesterol above median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as an adult was not significant (rho=0.25, p=0.2). Comorbid substance abuse predicted violent behaviour as an adult only in patients with serum cholesterol above median. Serum cholesterol may modify the effect of the "Cycle of Violence".
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma U, Kishore J, Garg A, Anand T, Chakraborty M, Lali P. Dyslipidemia and associated risk factors in a resettlement colony of Delhi. J Clin Lipidol 2013; 7:653-60. [PMID: 24314364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India, with dyslipidemia contributing significantly to the risk. There are few community-based studies that highlight the burden and risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in the Indian population. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dyslipidemia among adults ages 18 years and older in a resettlement colony located in central Delhi. METHODS A cross-sectional study that included a random sample of 200 adults was designed. A study tool based on the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors (STEPS) questionnaire was used. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess the lipid profile and anthropometric measures of the participants were recorded. Criteria based on the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults were used to define the cut offs for dyslipidemia. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 17. RESULTS Of a total of 200 study subjects, 34% had increased total cholesterol levels (≥200 mg %), 38% had increased low-density lipoprotein levels (≥130 mg %), 40% had increased triglyceride levels (≥150 mg %), and 42% had low high-density lipoprotein levels (<40 mg %). Using the logistic regression model, we found age, hypertension, alcohol consumption, and abdominal obesity to be associated with increased odds of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION A high proportion of individuals in the community have dyslipidemia, often associated with modifiable risk factors. The situation demands programs aimed at risk factor reduction. A focus on behavior change and health promotion targeting the younger age group is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaudhary N, Nakka KK, Maulik N, Chattopadhyay S. Epigenetic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and dietary management. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:254-81. [PMID: 22229755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome constitutes a group of disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, predisposing an individual to risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. A majority of these diseases are influenced by the environmental factors, nutrient uptake, and genetic profile of an individual that together dysregulate gene function. These genetic and nongenetic factors are reported to introduce epigenetic cues that modulate the gene function which is inherited by the offspring. RECENT ADVANCES Considering the epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, nutrigenomics has been distinctly categorized as a branch that deals with modulatory effect of nutrients on metabolic disorders and disease progression by supplementing the individuals with key nutrient-enriched diets which are derived from plant and animal sources. CRITICAL ISSUES Nutritional components of the diet regulate the metabolic health of an individual either by controlling the expression of some key genes related to metabolic pathways or by modulating the epigenetic events on such genes. The present article discusses various metabolic disorders in detail and the effect of nutrients on the specific genes causing those disorders. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of some metabolic disorders through epigenetic modifications and possible therapeutic interventions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS With the advent of high-throughput technologies and epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, an altered epigenetic code that is programmed due to improper nutrients can be reverted back by supplementing the diet with various plant-derived compounds. The implication of small molecular drugs is also of utmost significance for challenging the metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chaudhary
- Department of Chromatin and Disease, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jamal M, Ameno K, Miki T, Tanaka N, Ono J, Shirakami G, Sultana R, Yu N, Kinoshita H. High ethanol and acetaldehyde impair spatial memory in mouse models: Opposite effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and apolipoprotein E on memory. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Effects of live Lactobacillus paracasei on plasma lipid concentration in rats fed an ethanol-containing diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:232-7. [PMID: 22313752 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of live Lactobacillus paracasei NFRI 7415 on alcoholic liver disease were investigated. Male Fischer 344 rats were fed a control diet (CD), an ethanol diet (ED) (35.8% of total energy from ethanol), or an ethanol diet containing 20% live Lb. paracasei NFRI 7415 (10(7) cfu/g) (LD) for 10 weeks. The results indicated that live Lb. paracasei NFRI 7415 reduced the total cholesterol concentration of the plasma and liver in the rats fed the LD. The level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in the plasma and liver of the LD group was higher than in the ED group. Chronic alcohol consumption decreased the level of n-3 fatty acid in the plasma and liver of the ED group. These results indicated that live Lb. paracasei NFRI 7415 can adjust the fatty acid composition of the plasma and liver, and that it is possible to decrease liver damage due to chronic alcohol intake.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kawano Y, Tamura A, Kadota J. Association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Metabolism 2012; 61:186-92. [PMID: 21820142 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The positive association between the ratio of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular events has recently been receiving much attention. However, the association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and this ratio has not yet been investigated. Accordingly, we sought to clarify this association and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on the ratio. We performed polysomnography and LDL-C/HDL-C measurements in 215 patients who were suspected of having OSA. Furthermore, LDL-C/HDL-C was again evaluated 6 months after polysomnography in 30 OSA patients for whom CPAP therapy was initiated and continued, and in 11 age- and sex-matched OSA patients for whom the therapy could not be initiated. The LDL-C/HDL-C correlated positively with apnea-hypopnea index (ρ = 0.28, P < .001) and negatively with the lowest arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (ρ = -0.30, P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that ln apnea-hypopnea index (or ln lowest arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation) was independently associated with LDL-C/HDL-C. The LDL-C/HDL-C decreased after 6 months in the CPAP group (2.29 ± 0.67 to 2.11 ± 0.74, P = .02), whereas it did not change in the non-CPAP group (2.65 ± 0.82 to 2.62 ± 0.66, P = .81). The severity of OSA was independently associated with LDL-C/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly reduced at 6 months after CPAP therapy. These findings suggest that LDL-C/HDL-C increases in proportion to the severity of OSA, which may contribute partly to an increased risk for cardiovascular events in OSA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kawano
- Internal Medicine 2, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khan J, Solakivi T, Seppänen H, Lappalainen-Lehto R, Järvinen S, Ronkainen J, Sand J, Nordback I. Serum lipid and fatty acid profiles are highly changed in patients with alcohol induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2011; 12:44-8. [PMID: 22487474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperlipidemia is one known etiology of acute pancreatitis. Alcohol use is known to induce changes in lipid metabolism and might alter the serum lipid and fatty acid profile. We hypothesized that these changes may explain individual susceptibility of developing acute pancreatitis. We compared lipid and fatty acid profiles of patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis and alcoholic controls. METHODS 19 patients with their first alcoholic pancreatitis and 20 controls were included. Late follow-up samples were obtained from 16 patients. Serum lipids were analyzed enzymatically and the fatty acid profile using gas chromatography. RESULTS The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were markedly lower in patients than in controls during the acute disease but normalized after follow-up. Patients had statistically significantly lower fatty acid proportions of saturated C14:0, polyunsaturated C18:2, C18:3 and C20:3 of the n-6-series and C18:3 of the n-3-series than controls. In contrast, patients had higher percentages of saturated C16:0 and monounsaturated C18:1n9 fatty acids than controls. Mead acid, C20:3n9, marker of essential fatty acid deficiency, was lower in patients than in controls. C14:0, C20:3n6, C18:3n3 and C20:3n9 remained altered after follow-up. CONCLUSION Serum lipid and fatty acid levels were significantly altered during the acute disease and returned toward normal after 18-24 months, suggesting that the changes are secondary to acute pancreatitis. They are unlikely to be the much sought 'trigger factor' of pancreatic necro-inflammation. However, further studies are warranted to fully establish this point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thirunavukkarasu M, Penumathsa SV, Samuel SM, Akita Y, Zhan L, Bertelli AAE, Maulik G, Maulik N. White wine induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury is mediated by life extending Akt/FOXO3a/NFkappaB survival pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:6733-6739. [PMID: 18642840 DOI: 10.1021/jf801473v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the protection afforded by moderate wine consumption against cardiovascular diseases have focused mainly on the activity of red wine in view of its high content of antioxidants, especially polyphenols. White wine lacks polyphenols, but it contains other compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid) and monophenols (tyrosol), which are known to have antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of white wine in myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. The experimental rats were gavaged with white wine (Soave Suavia "Le Rive" 2004) at a dosage of 6.5 mL/(kg.rat.day) for 30 days. Rats were divided into four groups: control sham (CS), wine-treated sham (WS), control ischemia (I)/reperfusion (R) (CIR), and wine + IR (WIR). All the rats in both IR groups underwent 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 8, 24 h, and 30 days of reperfusion (R). Significant reduction in infarct size (21 vs 39%, n = 6), cardiomyocyte (274 vs 384 counts/100 HPF, n = 6), and endothelial cell apoptosis (387 vs 587 counts/100 HPF) was observed in WIR as compared with CIR after 24 h of reperfusion. Echocardiography demonstrated significant increased fractional shortening (32 vs 22%) and ejection fraction (60 vs 44%) following 30 days of reperfusion in WIR rats compared to CIR ( n = 6). In addition, increased phosphorylation of AKT, Foxo3a, and eNOS were found in WS and WIR, as compared to their respective controls. The gel-shift analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB in the white wine-treated groups. This report demonstrated for the first time that the white wine mediated cardioprotection in ischemic reperfused myocardium is through the PI-3kinase/Akt/FOXO3a/e-NOS/NF-kappaB survival pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nilsson LM, Sjövall J, Strom S, Bodin K, Nowak G, Einarsson C, Ellis E. Ethanol stimulates bile acid formation in primary human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:743-7. [PMID: 17976534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of cholesterol to bile acids is a key pathway for elimination of cholesterol from the body, thereby reducing the risk of arteriosclerosis. Moderate consumption of ethanol has been shown to have preventive effects on cardiovascular disease and decrease the risk of gallstone formation. In the present study primary human hepatocytes were used to investigate if ethanol affected bile acid synthesis. Hepatocytes were prepared from donor liver (n=11) and treated with ethanol, 7.7 or 50 mM, for 24 h. mRNA levels for enzymes in bile acid synthesis pathways were studied and bile acid synthesis was analyzed. Treatment with 7.7 mM ethanol increased cholic acid synthesis by 20% and treatment with 50 mM ethanol up-regulated cholic acid formation by 60%. The synthesis of cholic acid increased more than that of chenodeoxycholic acid, indicating that the classical pathway for bile acid synthesis was up-regulated. Increased bile acid levels in the cells treated with ethanol were seen after approximately 20 h. mRNA expression of CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and CYP8B1 in the hepatocytes was not affected by alcohol exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Mari Nilsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Das SK, Vasudevan DM. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Life Sci 2007; 81:177-87. [PMID: 17570440 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol involving both microsomal and mitochondrial systems. Ethanol metabolism is directly involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These form an environment favourable to oxidative stress. Ethanol treatment results in the depletion of GSH levels and decreases antioxidant activity. It elevates malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyethyl radical (HER), and hydroxynonenal (HNE) protein adducts. These cause the modification of all biological structures and consequently result in serious malfunction of cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Elamakkara, Kerala, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Piorunska-Mikolajczak A, Piorunska-Stolzmann M, Mikolajczak P, Okulicz-Kozaryn I, Kaminska E. Acamprosate involvement in triacylglycerol hydrolysis and transacylation with cholesterol in chronically ethanol-drinking rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 15:153-73. [PMID: 15803955 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2004.15.3-4.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Acamprosate (AC) is used as a drug for treating alcoholism. We evaluated the effect of AC on serum triacylglycerol hydrolysis (GEH, glycerol ester hydrolysis), triacylglycerol transacylation with cholesterol (GECAT, glycerol ester:cholesterol acyltransferase), and acylcholesterol hydrolysis (Cease, cholesterol ester hydrolysis) in an experimental model of alcoholism. Ethanol-preferring (PRF), non-preferring (NPF), and control (CR) male Wistar rats were treated with AC (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 consecutive days. The beneficial effect of AC on lipid parameters of PRF rats included decreased triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. Acamprosate-compensated changes associated with ethanol consumption were observed. Acamprosate treatment decreased GECAT and increased Cease control rats, but increased GECAT and decreased CEase in PRF animals. In all groups of rats, AC treatment did not influence GEH. In conclusion, our results suggest that AC can influence triacylglycerol metabolism by its action on the balance between hydrolysis and transacylation in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piorunska-Mikolajczak
- Department of General Chemistry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Grunwaldzka 6, 60- 780 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Polo MP, de Bravo MG, de Alaniz MJT. Effect of ethanol on cell growth and cholesterol metabolism in cultured Hep G2 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 81:379-86. [PMID: 14663504 DOI: 10.1139/o03-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hep G2 human hepatoma cell line has been recognized as an excellent in vitro human model system. For this reason, this line was used to study the effect of ethanol on HMG-CoA reductase activity concerning cell growth and cholesterol metabolism. Cells were incubated in ethanol-containing medium (0400 mmol/L) for up to 102 h. Ethanol caused an inhibition in the growth rate and in HMG-CoA reductase activity that could be reverted by the removal of ethanol from the culture medium, indicating no cellular damage. These changes cannot be ascribed to the regulatory effect of cholesterol levels, since its content was not modified either in the cells or in the medium. The addition of mevalonate to the culture medium could not revert the growth rate inhibition evoked by ethanol. Moreover, ethanol produced an increment in the cholesterol efflux in [3H]cholesterol-prelabeled cells. We conclude that the decrease in HMG-CoA reductase activity evoked by ethanol treatment on Hep G2 cells would not be the cause but the consequence of the impairment in cellular growth, since this impairment could not be reverted by the addition of mevalonate to the culture medium.Key words: ethanol, cholesterol, HMG-CoA reductase, hepatoma cells, lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica P Polo
- Instituto de Investigacions Bioquímicas de La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Daher CF, Berberi RN, Baroody GM. Effect of acute and chronic moderate alcohol consumption on fasted and postprandial lipemia in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1551-9. [PMID: 12963008 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Effects of acute and chronic alcohol intake on fasted and postprandial lipemia in the rat model are reported. In the acute study, fasted rats are loaded with a 30% w/w olive oil emulsion with or without 8% alcohol in the form of ethanol, beer or whisky. After 3 h, either mesenteric lymph or blood is collected and the TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions are isolated. In the chronic study, animals received, for a period of 10 weeks, 3% alcohol in drinking water in the form of ethanol, beer or whisky. Blood samples were collected from animals in either the fasted state or after being loaded with the fat load as described above. Alcohol ingestion along with a fat load increases the number (increased net apoB48 secretion) and reduces the size (reduced TAG/apoB48 ratio) of CM secreted into the mesenteric lymph duct. It also delays gastric emptying, reduces trans-enterocyte TAG flux rates and increases plasma concentrations of TAG, cholesterol and CM. Similar conditions also results in increased total phospholipid and cholesterol content of CM but not of VLDL, indicating an enhanced liver bile secretion into the gut; however, a significant increase in plasma VLDL concentration is observed. Unlike the acute study, an alcohol-fat load in animals put on chronic alcohol intake results in increased HDL cholesterol concentrations and less pronounced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia but not hyperchylomicronemia. In the fasted state, plasma TAG and total apoB concentrations are not modified in these animals, and an increase in HDL and a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol concentrations are observed. No liver function impairment is observed following the 10-week period of chronic alcohol intake. In conclusion, unlike binge drinking, chronic moderate alcohol consumption appears to have a cardioprotective effect in the fasted state, an effect attenuated by the observed temporary postprandial hyperchylomicronemia and hypertriglyceridemia resulting from a direct effect of alcohol on CM size and number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costantine F Daher
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Division, Biology Department, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gueguen S, Herbeth B, Pirollet P, Paille F, Siest G, Visvikis S. Changes in Serum Apolipoprotein and Lipoprotein Profile After Alcohol Withdrawal: Effect of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Cao G, Prior RL. Red Wine in Moderation: Potential Health Benefits Independent of Alcohol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5408.2000.00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Cao
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition
Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald L. Prior
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition
Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shukla SD, Sun GY, Gibson Wood W, Savolainen MJ, Alling C, Hoek JB. Ethanol and lipid metabolic signaling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001. [PMID: 11391046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Shivendra D. Shukla and Grace Y. Sun. The presentations were (1) Metabolic turnover of ethanol into cellular lipids and platelet activating factor, by Shivendra D. Shukla; (2) Ethanol action on the phospholipase A2 signaling pathways in astrocytes, by Grace Y. Sun; (3) Mechanisms of ethanol-induced perturbation of lipoprotein cholesterol transport, by W. Gibson Wood; (4) Transfer of an abnormal ethanol-induced phospholipid, phosphatidylethanol, between lipoproteins, by Markku J. Savolainen; (5) Phospholipase-d-mediated formation of phosphatidylethanol, by Christer Alling; and (6) Changes in phosphoinositide signaling after chronic ethanol treatment, by Jan B. Hoek.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Araya J, Rodrigo R, Orellana M, Rivera G. Red wine raises plasma HDL and preserves long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat kidney and erythrocytes. Br J Nutr 2001; 86:189-95. [PMID: 11502232 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of red wine and ethanol on plasma lipoproteins and the fatty acid composition of kidney lipids and erythrocytes phospholipids were studied. Lipid peroxidation is one of the main deleterious effects of oxidant attack on biomolecules, due to the disruption of the structural integrity of membranes. The vulnerability of the kidney to oxidative damage has been partly attributed to its high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Antioxidants, such as flavonoids, would be a means of reducing the risk of oxidative damage to membranes. Nutritional sources rich in antioxidants, including those provided by wine, are expected to attenuate the effects of oxidative challenges. Adult rats were fed red wine rich in flavonols, ethanol (125 ml/l), or alcohol-free red wine. The control group drank water. After 10 weeks, blood samples served to measure plasma lipoproteins and antioxidant capacity. Kidney lipids and erythrocyte phospholipids were extracted. The samples were assayed by GLC. Energy intake did not differ between all the groups, but the weight gain of the ethanol group was less than the other three groups. Blood HDL and triacylglycerols were increased by both ethanol and red wine. Ethanol decreased arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in both kidney lipids and erythrocyte phospholipids, as compared with either water, red wine or alcohol-free red wine groups. These results indicate that non-alcoholic components of red wine could contribute to avoiding the unfavourable effects of ethanol on plasma lipoproteins, kidney lipids and membrane erythrocyte phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Araya
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 13898, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shukla SD, Sun GY, Gibson Wood W, Savolainen MJ, Alling C, Hoek JB. Ethanol and lipid metabolic signaling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:33S-39S. [PMID: 11391046 DOI: 10.1097/00000374-200105051-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Shivendra D. Shukla and Grace Y. Sun. The presentations were (1) Metabolic turnover of ethanol into cellular lipids and platelet activating factor, by Shivendra D. Shukla; (2) Ethanol action on the phospholipase A2 signaling pathways in astrocytes, by Grace Y. Sun; (3) Mechanisms of ethanol-induced perturbation of lipoprotein cholesterol transport, by W. Gibson Wood; (4) Transfer of an abnormal ethanol-induced phospholipid, phosphatidylethanol, between lipoproteins, by Markku J. Savolainen; (5) Phospholipase-d-mediated formation of phosphatidylethanol, by Christer Alling; and (6) Changes in phosphoinositide signaling after chronic ethanol treatment, by Jan B. Hoek.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Corella D, Tucker K, Lahoz C, Coltell O, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ, Ordovas JM. Alcohol drinking determines the effect of the APOE locus on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in men: the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73:736-45. [PMID: 11273848 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/73.4.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of alcohol drinking on LDL-cholesterol concentrations is unclear. The reported variability may be due to interactions between genetic factors and alcohol intake. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to examine whether variation at the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) locus modulates the association between alcohol drinking and LDL cholesterol. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional design in a healthy population-based sample of 1014 men and 1133 women from the Framingham Offspring Study. RESULTS In male nondrinkers (n = 197), LDL cholesterol was not significantly different across APOE allele groups [APOE*E2 (E2), APOE*E3 (E3), and APOE*E4 (E4)]. However, in male drinkers (n = 817), differences were observed (P: < 0.001); those with the E2 allele had the lowest concentrations. LDL cholesterol in men with the E2 allele was significantly lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers but was significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers in men with the E4 allele. This APOE-alcohol interaction remained significant (P < 0.001) after age, body mass index, smoking status, and fat and energy intakes were controlled for. In women, the expected effect of APOE alleles on LDL cholesterol occurred in both drinkers (n = 791; P < 0.001) and nondrinkers (n = 342; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models showed a negative association (P < 0.05) between alcohol and LDL cholesterol in men with the E2 allele but a positive association in men with the E4 allele. No significant associations were observed in men or women with the E3 allele. CONCLUSION In men, the effects of alcohol intake on LDL cholesterol are modulated in part by variability at the APOE locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Corella
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory and the Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- N Gall
- Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Ethanol has a pronounced effect on lipid homeostasis. It is our overall hypothesis that certain lipid carrier proteins are targets of acute and chronic ethanol exposure and that perturbation of these proteins induces lipid dysfunction leading to cellular pathophysiology. These proteins include both intracellular proteins and lipoproteins. This paper examines recent data on the interaction of ethanol with these proteins. In addition, new data are presented on the stimulatory effects of ethanol on low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-mediated cholesterol uptake into fibroblasts and direct perturbation of the LDL apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein B. A cell model is presented that outlines potential mechanisms thought to be involved in ethanol perturbation of cholesterol transport and distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Wood
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Avdulov NA, Chochina SV, Igbavboa U, Wood WG. Cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I phosphatidylcholine complexes is inhibited by ethanol: role of apolipoprotein structure and cooperative interaction of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Biochemistry 2000; 39:10599-606. [PMID: 10956052 DOI: 10.1021/bi0008534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a substantial body of evidence showing that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One of the factors thought to contribute to this reduction in risk is an increase in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) correlated with alcohol consumption. However, HDL levels are elevated in heavy drinkers, but their risk of vascular disease is greater compared with that of moderate drinkers. Ethanol at concentrations observed in heavy drinkers and alcoholics may directly act on HDL and apolipoproteins and in turn modify cholesterol efflux. In this paper, we show that ethanol significantly inhibited cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts to HDL and to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) complexed with phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ethanol significantly inhibited binding of PC to apoA-I, inhibited incorporation of cholesterol only when apoA-I contained PC, and did not alter incorporation of cholesterol into HDL. ApoA-I structure was altered by ethanol as monitored by steady-state fluorescence polarization of tryptophan residues. The absence of ethanol effects on incorporation of cholesterol into HDL versus inhibition of cholesterol incorporation into the apoA-I-PC complex suggests that the effects of ethanol on cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL involve interaction with the cell surface and that efflux mediated by the apoA-I-PC complex is a combination of aqueous diffusion and contact with the cell surface. In addition, effects of ethanol on apoA-I suggest that pre-beta-HDL or lipid-free apoA-I may be more perturbed by ethanol than mature HDL, and such effects may be pathophysiological with respect to the process of reverse cholesterol transport in heavy drinkers and alcoholics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Avdulov
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Papadakis JA, Ganotakis ES, Mikhailidis DP. Beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on vascular disease: myth or reality? THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF HEALTH 2000; 120:11-5. [PMID: 10918777 DOI: 10.1177/146642400012000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Moderate ethanol consumption (1-3 drinks/day on 5-6 days/week) has a favourable effect on vascular disease-related mortality and morbidity [especially ischaemic heart disease (IHD)]. This cardioprotective effect may be due to significant effects on cardiovascular risk factors such as high density cholesterol (HDL) concentration (HDL protects from IHD) and an inhibition of platelet aggregation (increased platelet aggregability predicts coronary events). In contrast, alcoholics and problem drinkers have an excess of IHD-related, and possibly stroke-related, mortality. Excessive alcohol intake may raise the blood pressure. Prolonged alcohol abuse can also result in alcoholic heart muscle disease. Alcohol is the major cause of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in Western society. Although there is a widespread belief that red wine protects more than other alcoholic beverages, several studies do not support this interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Papadakis
- Dept. of Molecular Pathology & Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zakhari S, Gordis E. Moderate drinking and cardiovascular health. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS 1999; 111:148-58. [PMID: 10220810 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.09250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption (1-2 drinks a day) can be beneficial in reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. This article focuses on cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of moderate drinking, including increased plasma high-density lipoprotein levels, changes in cellular signaling, reduction in platelet function, stimulation of fibrinolysis, and reduction in ischemia-reperfusion injury. While moderate drinking may be protective against coronary artery disease for some individuals, populations such as pregnant women and individuals who are about to operate motor vehicles or heavy machinery should not drink alcoholic beverages. People with family histories of alcoholism should exercise extreme caution in their decision to drink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zakhari
- Division of Basic Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-7003, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pauly T, Dahmen N, Szegedi A, Wetzel H, Böl GF, Ferdinand K, Hiemke C. Blood ethanol levels and adenylyl cyclase activity in lymphocytes of alcoholic patients. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:489-93. [PMID: 10071723 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenylyl cyclase (AC) signal transduction pathway is a target of acute and chronic ethanol actions. This study examined whether AC activity in lymphocyte membranes of male alcoholic patients correlated with blood concentrations of ethanol. METHODS Patients (n = 13; mean age: 40 +/- 8 years) were studied on the day of admission (day 0) and 2 days later under detoxification. Moreover, 13 age-matched male healthy controls (mean age 40 +/- 9 years) were included. Lymphocyte membranes were prepared by differential centrifugation whereby blood ethanol was washed out. As a measure of AC activity the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate was determined without (basal activity) and with stimulation of the second messenger system by the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analogue GTP gamma S (20 mumol/L) via the G-protein or by forskolin (100 mumol/L) acting directly on the AC enzyme. RESULTS On day 0, when ethanol blood concentrations were 38-100 mmol/L, we found a significant negative correlation between ethanol blood levels and stimulated AC activities. On day 2, the negative correlation with blood ethanol levels of day 0 had disappeared. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of ethanol affects the AC system in lymphocytes of alcohol-dependent patients by a persistent effect on the cAMP forming enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Pauly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Musshoff F, Daldrup T. Determination of biological markers for alcohol abuse. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 713:245-64. [PMID: 9700562 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is one of the most frequent addictions and an important subject in forensic medicine and clinical toxicology. Several laboratory abnormalities are associated with excessive alcohol consumption. They are useful in the diagnosis of alcoholism especially during the follow-up of various treatment programs. The biological markers mostly used for diagnosis of alcoholism are presented. Especially, methods for the determination of the following diagnostic tools are reviewed: congener alcohols, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, beta-hexosaminidase, erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase, alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine ratio, macrocytosis, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, (apo)lipoproteins, fatty acid ethyl esters, blood acetate, acetaldehyde adducts, 5-hydroxytryptophol, dolichol and condensation products. No laboratory test exists that is reliable enough for the exact diagnosis of alcoholism. The combination of physician interview, questionnaire and laboratory markers is necessary for the diagnosis of alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Musshoff
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Institute of Legal Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
McKee M, Britton A. The positive relationship between alcohol and heart disease in eastern Europe: potential physiological mechanisms. J R Soc Med 1998; 91:402-7. [PMID: 9816353 PMCID: PMC1296837 DOI: 10.1177/014107689809100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the effect of alcohol on cardiovascular disease has indicated protective effects from moderate consumption. These observations, made in industrialized countries, have influenced policies on alcohol in countries where the situation may be quite different--specifically, where consumption is substantially higher or patterns of drinking are different. In central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, a growing body of epidemiological research indicates a positive rather than negative association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular deaths, especially sudden cardiac deaths. By means of a systematic review of published work, we examine whether there is a physiological basis for the observed association between alcohol and heart disease seen in eastern Europe, focusing on the effects of high levels of consumption and of irregular or binge drinking. In binge drinkers, cardioprotective changes in high-density lipoproteins are not seen, and adverse changes in low-density lipoproteins are acquired. Irregular drinking is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, occurring after cessation of drinking. It predisposes both to histological changes in the myocardium and conducting system and to a reduction in the threshold for ventricular fibrillation. Measures of frequency as well as quantity of consumption should be included in epidemiological studies. Taken with the epidemiological evidence emerging from eastern Europe, these observations have important implications for estimates of the burden of disease attributable to alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M McKee
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Eagles CJ, Martin U. Non-pharmacological modification of cardiac risk factors: part 3. Smoking cessation and alcohol consumption. J Clin Pharm Ther 1998; 23:1-9. [PMID: 9756105 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.1998.00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cessation (SC) is probably the single most important risk factor modification for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Interventions to stop smoking are highly cost effective. SC produces reductions in mortality and morbidity that generally outweigh any increase in risk due to weight gain, unless the gain is so great that it is accompanied by adverse changes in blood pressure, lipid profile or glucose tolerance. There is clear evidence that SC improves the lipid profile, decreases thrombotic tendency, reduces vascular endothelial damage and improves insulin sensitivity. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) with moderate alcohol consumption (showing protection at < or = 2 drinks per day), but an increased risk at higher alcohol consumption levels. Potential mediators of these cardioprotective effects include an increase in high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), decreased clotting propensity, enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and a possible lowering of blood pressure at low consumption levels in women. Alcohol consumption may not, however, compensate for the large increase in risk produced by smoking. Whereas moderate alcohol consumption slightly reduces the risk of death between the ages of 35 and 69 years, cigarette smoking approximately doubles the risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Eagles
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Luton, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|