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Grebe S, Porcar-Castell A, Riikonen A, Paakkarinen V, Aro EM. Accounting for photosystem I photoinhibition sheds new light on seasonal acclimation strategies of boreal conifers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3973-3992. [PMID: 38572950 PMCID: PMC11233416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The photosynthetic acclimation of boreal evergreen conifers is controlled by regulatory and photoprotective mechanisms that allow conifers to cope with extreme environmental changes. However, the underlying dynamics of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) remain unresolved. Here, we investigated the dynamics of PSII and PSI during the spring recovery of photosynthesis in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies using a combination of chlorophyll a fluorescence, P700 difference absorbance measurements, and quantification of key thylakoid protein abundances. In particular, we derived a new set of PSI quantum yield equations, correcting for the effects of PSI photoinhibition. Using the corrected equations, we found that the seasonal dynamics of PSII and PSI photochemical yields remained largely in balance, despite substantial seasonal changes in the stoichiometry of PSII and PSI core complexes driven by PSI photoinhibition. Similarly, the previously reported seasonal up-regulation of cyclic electron flow was no longer evident, after accounting for PSI photoinhibition. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of considering the dynamics of PSII and PSI to elucidate the seasonal acclimation of photosynthesis in overwintering evergreens. Beyond the scope of conifers, our corrected PSI quantum yields expand the toolkit for future studies aimed at elucidating the dynamic regulation of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Porcar-Castell
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Riikonen
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Paakkarinen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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2
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Shimakawa G, Müller P, Miyake C, Krieger-Liszkay A, Sétif P. Photo-oxidative damage of photosystem I by repetitive flashes and chilling stress in cucumber leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149490. [PMID: 38960078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is an essential protein complex for oxygenic photosynthesis and is also known to be an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the light. When ROS are generated within PSI, the photosystem can be damaged. The so-called PSI photoinhibition is a lethal event for oxygenic phototrophs, and it is prevented by keeping the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) oxidized in excess light conditions. Whereas regulatory mechanisms for controlling P700 oxidation have been discovered already, the molecular mechanism of PSI photoinhibition is still unclear. Here, we characterized the damage mechanism of PSI photoinhibition by in vitro transient absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in isolated PSI from cucumber leaves that had been subjected to photoinhibition treatment. Photodamage to PSI was induced by two different light treatments: 1. continuous illumination with high light at low (chilling) temperature (C/LT) and 2. repetitive flashes at room temperature (F/RT). These samples were compared to samples that had been illuminated with high light at room temperature (C/RT). The [FeS] clusters FX and (FA FB) were destructed in C/LT but not in F/RT. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that half of the charge separation was impaired in F/RT, however, low-temperature EPR revealed the light-induced FX signal at a similar size as in the case of C/RT. This indicates that the two branches of electron transfer in PSI were affected differently. Electron transfer at the A-branch was inhibited in F/RT and also partially in C/LT, while the B-branch remained active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Pavel Müller
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Pierre Sétif
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Shikanai T. Molecular Genetic Dissection of the Regulatory Network of Proton Motive Force in Chloroplasts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:537-550. [PMID: 38150384 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The proton motive force (pmf) generated across the thylakoid membrane rotates the Fo-ring of ATP synthase in chloroplasts. The pmf comprises two components: membrane potential (∆Ψ) and proton concentration gradient (∆pH). Acidification of the thylakoid lumen resulting from ∆pH downregulates electron transport in the cytochrome b6f complex. This process, known as photosynthetic control, is crucial for protecting photosystem I (PSI) from photodamage in response to fluctuating light. To optimize the balance between efficient photosynthesis and photoprotection, it is necessary to regulate pmf. Cyclic electron transport around PSI and pseudo-cyclic electron transport involving flavodiiron proteins contribute to the modulation of pmf magnitude. By manipulating the ratio between the two components of pmf, it is possible to modify the extent of photosynthetic control without affecting the pmf size. This adjustment can be achieved by regulating the movement of ions (such as K+ and Cl-) across the thylakoid membrane. Since ATP synthase is the primary consumer of pmf in chloroplasts, its activity must be precisely regulated to accommodate other mechanisms involved in pmf optimization. Although fragments of information about each regulatory process have been accumulated, a comprehensive understanding of their interactions is lacking. Here, I summarize current knowledge of the network for pmf regulation, mainly based on genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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4
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Yamasaki H, Itoh RD, Mizumoto KB, Yoshida YS, Otaki JM, Cohen MF. Spatiotemporal Characteristics Determining the Multifaceted Nature of Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Species in Relation to Proton Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38407968 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) act as signaling molecules, regulating gene expression, enzyme activity, and physiological responses. However, excessive amounts of these molecular species can lead to deleterious effects, causing cellular damage and death. This dual nature of ROS, RNS, and RSS presents an intriguing conundrum that calls for a new paradigm. Recent Advances: Recent advancements in the study of photosynthesis have offered significant insights at the molecular level and with high temporal resolution into how the photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex manages to prevent harmful ROS production during the water-splitting process. These findings suggest that a dynamic spatiotemporal arrangement of redox reactions, coupled with strict regulation of proton transfer, is crucial for minimizing unnecessary ROS formation. Critical Issues: To better understand the multifaceted nature of these reactive molecular species in biology, it is worth considering a more holistic view that combines ecological and evolutionary perspectives on ROS, RNS, and RSS. By integrating spatiotemporal perspectives into global, cellular, and biochemical events, we discuss local pH or proton availability as a critical determinant associated with the generation and action of ROS, RNS, and RSS in biological systems. Future Directions: The concept of localized proton availability will not only help explain the multifaceted nature of these ubiquitous simple molecules in diverse systems but also provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies to manage and manipulate these reactive species in neural disorders, pathogenic diseases, and antiaging efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yamasaki
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D Itoh
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Yuki S Yoshida
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joji M Otaki
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Michael F Cohen
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Santa Clara County, San Jose, California, USA
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5
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Napaumpaiporn P, Ogawa T, Sonoike K, Nishiyama Y. Improved capacity for the repair of photosystem II via reinforcement of the translational and antioxidation systems in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1165-1178. [PMID: 37983611 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, translation factor EF-Tu is inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) via oxidation of Cys82 and the oxidation of EF-Tu enhances the inhibition of the repair of photosystem II (PSII) by suppressing protein synthesis. In our present study, we generated transformants of Synechocystis that overexpressed a mutated form of EF-Tu, designated EF-Tu (C82S), in which Cys82 had been replaced by a Ser residue, and ROS-scavenging enzymes individually or together. Expression of EF-Tu (C82S) alone in Synechocystis enhanced the repair of PSII under strong light, with the resultant mitigation of PSII photoinhibition, but it stimulated the production of ROS. However, overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase, together with the expression of EF-Tu (C82S), lowered intracellular levels of ROS and enhanced the repair of PSII more significantly under strong light, via facilitation of the synthesis de novo of the D1 protein. By contrast, the activity of photosystem I was hardly affected in wild-type cells and in all the lines of transformed cells under the same strong-light conditions. Furthermore, transformed cells that overexpressed EF-Tu (C82S), superoxide dismutase, and catalase were able to survive longer under stronger light than wild-type cells. Thus, the reinforced capacity for both protein synthesis and ROS scavenging allowed both photosynthesis and cell proliferation to tolerate strong light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpan Napaumpaiporn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takako Ogawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Green Bioscience Research Area, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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6
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Messant M, Hani U, Lai TL, Wilson A, Shimakawa G, Krieger-Liszkay A. Plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) protects photosystem I and not photosystem II against photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:669-678. [PMID: 37921075 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The plastid terminal oxidase PTOX controls the oxidation level of the plastoquinone pool in the thylakoid membrane and acts as a safety valve upon abiotic stress, but detailed characterization of its role in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus is limited. Here we used PTOX mutants in two model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha. In Arabidopsis, lack of PTOX leads to a severe defect in pigmentation, a so-called variegated phenotype, when plants are grown at standard light intensities. We created a green Arabidopsis PTOX mutant expressing the bacterial carotenoid desaturase CRTI and a double mutant in Marchantia lacking both PTOX isoforms, the plant-type and the alga-type PTOX. In both species, lack of PTOX affected the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. Exposure of plants to high light intensity showed in the absence of PTOX higher susceptibility of photosystem I to light-induced damage while photosystem II was more stable compared with the wild type demonstrating that PTOX plays both, a pro-oxidant and an anti-oxidant role in vivo. Our results shed new light on the function of PTOX in the protection of photosystem I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Messant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Umama Hani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Thanh-Lan Lai
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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7
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Kılıç M, Käpylä V, Gollan PJ, Aro EM, Rintamäki E. PSI Photoinhibition and Changing CO 2 Levels Initiate Retrograde Signals to Modify Nuclear Gene Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1902. [PMID: 38001755 PMCID: PMC10669900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a critical component of the photosynthetic machinery in plants. Under conditions of environmental stress, PSI becomes photoinhibited, leading to a redox imbalance in the chloroplast. PSI photoinhibition is caused by an increase in electron pressure within PSI, which damages the iron-sulfur clusters. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition in plants at different concentrations of CO2, followed by global gene expression analyses of the differentially treated plants. PSI photoinhibition was induced using a specific illumination protocol that inhibited PSI with minimal effects on PSII. Unexpectedly, the varying CO2 levels combined with the PSI-PI treatment neither increased nor decreased the likelihood of PSI photodamage. All PSI photoinhibition treatments, independent of CO2 levels, upregulated genes generally involved in plant responses to excess iron and downregulated genes involved in iron deficiency. PSI photoinhibition also induced genes encoding photosynthetic proteins that act as electron acceptors from PSI. We propose that PSI photoinhibition causes a release of iron from damaged iron-sulfur clusters, which initiates a retrograde signal from the chloroplast to the nucleus to modify gene expression. In addition, the deprivation of CO2 from the air initiated a signal that induced flavonoid biosynthesis genes, probably via jasmonate production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (V.K.); (P.J.G.); (E.-M.A.)
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8
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Ohnishi M, Maekawa S, Wada S, Ifuku K, Miyake C. Evaluating the Oxidation Rate of Reduced Ferredoxin in Arabidopsis thaliana Independent of Photosynthetic Linear Electron Flow: Plausible Activity of Ferredoxin-Dependent Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12145. [PMID: 37569521 PMCID: PMC10419245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent cyclic electron flow (Fd-CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) was determined in intact leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. The oxidation rate of Fd reduced by PSI (vFd) and photosynthetic linear electron flow activity are simultaneously measured under actinic light illumination. The vFd showed a curved response to the photosynthetic linear electron flow activity. In the lower range of photosynthetic linear flow activity with plastoquinone (PQ) in a highly reduced state, vFd clearly showed a linear relationship with photosynthetic linear electron flow activity. On the other hand, vFd increased sharply when photosynthetic linear electron flow activity became saturated with oxidized PQ as the net CO2 assimilation rate increased. That is, under higher photosynthesis conditions, we observed excess vFd resulting in electron flow over photosynthetic linear electron flow. The situation in which excess vFd was observed was consistent with the previous Fd-CEF model. Thus, excess vFd could be attributed to the in vivo activity of Fd-CEF. Furthermore, the excess vFd was also observed in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-deficient mutants localized in the thylakoid membrane. The physiological significance of the excessive vFd was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ohnishi
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Shu Maekawa
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- Graduate School for Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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9
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Furutani R, Wada S, Ifuku K, Maekawa S, Miyake C. Higher Reduced State of Fe/S-Signals, with the Suppressed Oxidation of P700, Causes PSI Inactivation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010021. [PMID: 36670882 PMCID: PMC9854443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress increases the risk of electron accumulation in photosystem I (PSI) of chloroplasts, which can cause oxygen (O2) reduction to superoxide radicals and decreased photosynthetic ability. We used three Arabidopsis thaliana lines: wild-type (WT) and the mutants pgr5hope1 and paa1-7/pox1. These lines have different reduced states of iron/sulfur (Fe/S) signals, including Fx, FA/FB, and ferredoxin, the electron carriers at the acceptor side of PSI. In the dark, short-pulse light was repetitively illuminated to the intact leaves of the plants to provide electrons to the acceptor side of PSI. WT and pgr5hope1 plants showed full reductions of Fe/S during short-pulse light and PSI inactivation. In contrast, paa1-7/pox1 showed less reduction of Fe/S and its PSI was not inactivated. Under continuous actinic-light illumination, pgr5hope1 showed no P700 oxidation with higher Fe/S reduction due to the loss of photosynthesis control and PSI inactivation. These results indicate that the accumulation of electrons at the acceptor side of PSI may trigger the production of superoxide radicals. P700 oxidation, responsible for the robustness of photosynthetic organisms, participates in reactive oxygen species suppression by oxidizing the acceptor side of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riu Furutani
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- Graduate School for Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shu Maekawa
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Takeuchi K, Che Y, Nakano T, Miyake C, Ifuku K. The ability of P700 oxidation in photosystem I reflects chilling stress tolerance in cucumber. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:681-692. [PMID: 35767130 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature inhibits photosynthesis and negatively affects plant growth. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a chilling-sensitive plant, and its greenhouse production requires considerable energy during the winter. Therefore, a useful stress marker for selecting chilling-tolerant cucumber cultivars is desirable. In this study, we evaluated chilling-stress damage in different cucumber cultivars by measuring photosynthetic parameters. The majority of cultivars showed decreases in the quantum yield of photosystem (PS) II [Fv/Fm and Y(II)] and the quantity of active PS I (Pm) after chilling stress. In contrast, Y(ND)-the ratio of the oxidized state of PSI reaction center chlorophyll P700 (P700+)-differed among cultivars and was perfectly inversely correlated with Y(NA)-the ratio of the non-photooxidizable P700. It has been known that P700+ accumulates under stress conditions and protects plants to suppress the generation of reactive oxygen species. In fact, cultivars unable to induce Y(ND) after chilling stress showed growth retardation with reductions in chlorophyll content and leaf area. Therefore, Y(ND) can be a useful marker to evaluate chilling-stress tolerance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yufen Che
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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11
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Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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12
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Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1025-1034. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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13
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Ozaki H, Takagi D, Mizokami Y, Tokida T, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T, Noguchi K. Low N level increases the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition induced by short repetitive flashes in leaves of different rice varieties. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13644. [PMID: 35112363 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recovery from photoinhibition is much slower in photosystem (PS) I than in PSII; therefore, the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition is important with respect to photosynthetic production under special physiological conditions. Previous studies have shown that repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination selectively induces PSI photoinhibition. Depending on the growth light intensity or the variety/species of the plant, PSI photoinhibition is different, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aimed to clarify whether the differences in the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition depend on environmental factors or on rice varieties and which physiological properties of the plant are related to this susceptibility. We exposed mature leaves of rice plants to rSP illumination. We examined the effects of elevated CO2 concentration and low N during growth on the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition and compared it in 12 different varieties. We fitted the decrease in the quantum yield of PSI during rSP illumination and estimated a parameter indicating susceptibility. Low N level increased susceptibility, whereas elevated CO2 concentration did not. The susceptibility differed among different rice varieties, and many indica varieties showed higher susceptibility than the temperate japonica varieties. Susceptibility was negatively correlated with the total chlorophyll content and N content. However, the decrease in P m ' value, an indicator of damaged PSI, was positively correlated with chlorophyll content. This suggests that in leaves with a larger electron transport capacity, the overall PSI activity may be less susceptible to photoinhibition, but more damaged PSI may accumulate during rSP illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ozaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizokami
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Rodriguez-Heredia M, Saccon F, Wilson S, Finazzi G, Ruban AV, Hanke GT. Protection of photosystem I during sudden light stress depends on ferredoxin:NADP(H) reductase abundance and interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1028-1042. [PMID: 35060611 PMCID: PMC8825262 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant tolerance to high light and oxidative stress is increased by overexpression of the photosynthetic enzyme Ferredoxin:NADP(H) reductase (FNR), but the specific mechanism of FNR-mediated protection remains enigmatic. It has also been reported that the localization of this enzyme within the chloroplast is related to its role in stress tolerance. Here, we dissected the impact of FNR content and location on photoinactivation of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) during high light stress of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The reaction center of PSII is efficiently turned over during light stress, while damage to PSI takes much longer to repair. Our results indicate a PSI sepcific effect, where efficient oxidation of the PSI primary donor (P700) upon transition from darkness to light, depends on FNR recruitment to the thylakoid membrane tether proteins: thylakoid rhodanase-like protein (TROL) and translocon at the inner envelope of chloroplasts 62 (Tic62). When these interactions were disrupted, PSI photoinactivation occurred. In contrast, there was a moderate delay in the onset of PSII damage. Based on measurements of ΔpH formation and cyclic electron flow, we propose that FNR location influences the speed at which photosynthetic control is induced, resulting in specific impact on PSI damage. Membrane tethering of FNR therefore plays a role in alleviating high light stress, by regulating electron distribution during short-term responses to light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Saccon
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Guy T Hanke
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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15
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Doron S, Lampl N, Savidor A, Katina C, Gabashvili A, Levin Y, Rosenwasser S. SPEAR: A proteomics approach for simultaneous protein expression and redox analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:366-377. [PMID: 34619326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation and reduction of protein cysteinyl thiols serve as molecular switches, which is considered the most central mechanism for redox regulation of biological processes, altering protein structure, biochemical activity, subcellular localization, and binding affinity. Redox proteomics allows global identification of redox-modified cysteine (Cys) sites and quantification of their reversible oxidation/reduction responses, serving as a hypothesis-generating platform to stimulate redox biology mechanistic research. Here, we developed Simultaneous Protein Expression and Redox (SPEAR) analysis, a new redox-proteomics approach based on differential labeling of reversibly oxidized and reduced cysteines with light and heavy isotopic forms of commercially available isotopically-labeled N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The presented method does not require enrichment for labeled peptides, thus enabling simultaneous quantification of Cys reversible oxidation state and protein abundance. Using SPEAR, we were able to quantify the in-vivo reversible oxidation state of thousands of cysteines across the Arabidopsis proteome under steady-state and oxidative stress conditions. Functional assignment of the identified redox-sensitive proteins demonstrated the widespread effect of oxidative conditions on various cellular functions and highlighted the enrichment of chloroplastic proteins. SPEAR provides a simple, straightforward, and cost-effective means of studying redox proteome dynamics. The presented data provide a global quantitative view of the reversible oxidation of well-known redox-regulated active sites and many novel redox-sensitive sites whose role in plant acclimation to stress conditions remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Doron
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Nardy Lampl
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Corine Katina
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexandra Gabashvili
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Shilo Rosenwasser
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel.
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16
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Dobson Z, Ahad S, Vanlandingham J, Toporik H, Vaughn N, Vaughn M, Williams D, Reppert M, Fromme P, Mazor Y. The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria. eLife 2021; 10:e67518. [PMID: 34435952 PMCID: PMC8428864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have adapted to survive a myriad of extreme environments from the earth's deserts to its poles, yet the proteins that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are highly conserved from the cyanobacteria to modern day crops. To investigate adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacteria to excessive light stress, we isolated a new strain of cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium aponinum 0216, from the extreme light environment of the Sonoran Desert. Here we report the biochemical characterization and the 2.7 Å resolution structure of trimeric photosystem I from this high-light-tolerant cyanobacterium. The structure shows a new conformation of the PsaL C-terminus that supports trimer formation of cyanobacterial photosystem I. The spectroscopic analysis of this photosystem I revealed a decrease in far-red absorption, which is attributed to a decrease in the number of long- wavelength chlorophylls. Using these findings, we constructed two chimeric PSIs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 demonstrating how unique structural features in photosynthetic complexes can change spectroscopic properties, allowing organisms to thrive under different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Safa Ahad
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Jackson Vanlandingham
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Hila Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Reppert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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17
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Bashir F, Rehman AU, Szabó M, Vass I. Singlet oxygen damages the function of Photosystem II in isolated thylakoids and in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:93-105. [PMID: 34009505 PMCID: PMC8382655 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an important damaging agent, which is produced during illumination by the interaction of the triplet excited state pigment molecules with molecular oxygen. In cells of photosynthetic organisms 1O2 is formed primarily in chlorophyll containing complexes, and damages pigments, lipids, proteins and other cellular constituents in their environment. A useful approach to study the physiological role of 1O2 is the utilization of external photosensitizers. In the present study, we employed a multiwell plate-based screening method in combination with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to characterize the effect of externally produced 1O2 on the photosynthetic activity of isolated thylakoid membranes and intact Chlorella sorokiniana cells. The results show that the external 1O2 produced by the photosensitization reactions of Rose Bengal damages Photosystem II both in isolated thylakoid membranes and in intact cells in a concentration dependent manner indicating that 1O2 plays a significant role in photodamage of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Bashir
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Imre Vass
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary.
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18
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Oguchi R, Terashima I, Chow WS. The effect of different spectral light quality on the photoinhibition of Photosystem I in intact leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:83-92. [PMID: 33404974 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Light energy causes damage to Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII). The majority of the previous photoinhibition studies have been conducted with PSII, which shows much larger photoinhibition than PSI; therefore, relatively little is known about the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition so far. A previous report showed that the photoinhibition action spectrum measured with PSI activity of isolated thylakoid is similar to the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. However, it is known that the extent of PSI photoinhibition is much smaller in vivo compared to in vitro. It is also possible that the different extent of PSII photoinhibition, caused by different spectral light qualities, can affect the photoinhibition of PSI in vivo because PSI receives electrons from PSII. In the present research, to study the effect of light quality and the effect of the extent of PSII photoinhibition on the PSI photoinhibition in vivo, intact leaves were photoinhibited under four different light qualities. The rate coefficient of PSI photoinhibition was significantly higher in blue and red light compared to white light. The rate of PSI photoinhibition at the same photon-exposure was the largest in blue and red light and followed by white and green light. These results support the notion that light absorption by chlorophyll is responsible for the PSI photoinhibition, even in intact leaves. The variation among light colors in the relationships between the extent of photoinhibition of PSII and that of PSI indicate that PSI and PSII are independently photoinhibited with different mechanisms in the early stage of in vivo photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichi Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo, 113‑0033, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo, 113‑0033, Japan
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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19
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Terashima I, Matsuo M, Suzuki Y, Yamori W, Kono M. Photosystem I in low light-grown leaves of Alocasia odora, a shade-tolerant plant, is resistant to fluctuating light-induced photoinhibition. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:69-82. [PMID: 33817762 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
When intact green leaves are exposed to the fluctuating light, in which high light (HL) and low light (LL) alternate, photosystem I (PSI) is readily damaged. This PSI inhibition is mostly alleviated by the addition of far-red (FR) light. Here, we grew Alocasia odora, a shade-tolerant species, at several light levels and examined their photosynthetic traits in relation to the fluctuating light-induced PSI inhibition. We found that, even in the absence of FR, PSI in LL-grown leaves was resistant to the fluctuating light. LL leaves showed higher chlorophyll (Chl) contents on leaf area basis, lower Chl a/b ratios, lower cytochrome f/P700 ratios, and lower PSII/PSI excitation ratios assessed by the 77 K fluorescence. Also, P700 in the HL phase of the fluctuating light was more oxidized. The results of the regression analyses of the PSI photoinhibition to these traits indicate that the lower electron flow rate to P700 and more excitation energy transfer to PSI protect PSI in LL-grown leaves. Both of these contribute oxidization of P700 to the efficient quencher form P700+. These features may be common in LL-grown shade-tolerant species, which are often exposed to strong sunflecks in their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Matsuo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka-City, Kanagawa, 259-1293, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services (ISAS), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo-City, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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20
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Furutani R, Makino A, Suzuki Y, Wada S, Shimakawa G, Miyake C. Intrinsic Fluctuations in Transpiration Induce Photorespiration to Oxidize P700 in Photosystem I. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1761. [PMID: 33322777 PMCID: PMC7763966 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to environmental stress, the primary electron donor in photosystem I (PSI), P700, is oxidized to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species that could oxidatively inactivate the function of PSI. The illumination of rice leaves with actinic light induces intrinsic fluctuations in the opening and closing of stomata, causing the net CO2 assimilation rate to fluctuate. We examined the effects of these intrinsic fluctuations on electron transport reactions. Under atmospheric O2 conditions (21 kPa), the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Y(II)) remained relatively high while the net CO2 assimilation rate fluctuated, which indicates the function of alternative electron flow. By contrast, under low O2 conditions (2 kPa), Y(II) fluctuated. These results suggest that photorespiration primarily drove the alternative electron flow. Photorespiration maintained the oxidation level of ferredoxin (Fd) throughout the fluctuation of the net CO2 assimilation rate. Moreover, the relative activity of photorespiration was correlated with both the oxidation level of P700 and the magnitude of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in 21 kPa O2 conditions. These results show that photorespiration oxidized P700 by stimulating the proton gradient formation when CO2 assimilation was suppressed by stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riu Furutani
- Graduate School for Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (R.F.); (S.W.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Amane Makino
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.S.); (G.S.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuij Suzuki
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.S.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School for Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (R.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.S.); (G.S.)
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8631, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School for Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (R.F.); (S.W.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.S.); (G.S.)
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21
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Storti M, Puggioni MP, Segalla A, Morosinotto T, Alboresi A. The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex influences the photosynthetic activity of the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5538-5548. [PMID: 32497206 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternative electron pathways contribute to regulation of photosynthetic light reactions to adjust to metabolic demands in dynamic environments. The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex mediates the cyclic electron transport pathway around PSI in different cyanobacteria, algae, and plant species, but it is not fully conserved in all photosynthetic organisms. In order to assess how the physiological role of this complex changed during plant evolution, we isolated Physcomitrella patens lines knocked out for the NDHM gene that encodes a subunit fundamental for the activity of the complex. ndhm knockout mosses indicated high PSI acceptor side limitation upon abrupt changes in illumination. In P. patens, pseudo-cyclic electron transport mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) was also shown to prevent PSI over-reduction in plants exposed to light fluctuations. flva ndhm double knockout mosses had altered photosynthetic performance and growth defects under fluctuating light compared with the wild type and single knockout mutants. The results showed that while the contribution of NDH to electron transport is minor compared with FLV, NDH still participates in modulating photosynthetic activity, and it is critical to avoid PSI photoinhibition, especially when FLVs are inactive. The functional overlap between NDH- and FLV-dependent electron transport supports PSI activity and prevents its photoinhibition under light variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Storti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Segalla
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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22
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Roach T, Na CS, Stöggl W, Krieger-Liszkay A. The non-photochemical quenching protein LHCSR3 prevents oxygen-dependent photoinhibition in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2650-2660. [PMID: 31943079 PMCID: PMC7210768 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) helps dissipate surplus light energy, preventing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the thylakoid membrane protein LHCSR3 is involved in pH-dependent (qE-type) NPQ, lacking in the npq4 mutant. Preventing PSII repair revealed that npq4 lost PSII activity faster than the wild type (WT) in elevated O2, while no difference between strains was observed in O2-depleted conditions. Low Fv/Fm values remained 1.5 h after moving cells out of high light, and this qH-type quenching was independent of LHCSR3 and not accompanied by losses of maximum PSII activity. Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30-35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in the WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Colony growth of npq4 was severely restricted at elevated O2, and npq4 accumulated more reactive electrophile species (RES) than the WT, which could damage PSI. Levels of PsaA (PSI) were lower in npq4 grown at 35% O2, while PsbA (PSII) levels remained stable. We conclude that even at high O2 concentrations, the PSII repair cycle is sufficient to maintain net levels of PSII. However, LHCSR3 has an important function in protecting PSI against O2-mediated damage, such as via RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biology Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biology Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
- Seed Conservation Research Division, Department of Seed Vault, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Munsu-ro, Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biology Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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PGR5 and NDH-1 systems do not function as protective electron acceptors but mitigate the consequences of PSI inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148154. [PMID: 31935360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avoidance of photoinhibition at photosystem (PS)I is based on synchronized function of PSII, PSI, Cytochrome b6f and stromal electron acceptors. Here, we used a special light regime, PSI photoinhibition treatment (PIT), in order to specifically inhibit PSI by accumulating excess electrons at the photosystem (Tikkanen and Grebe, 2018). In the analysis, Arabidopsis thaliana WT was compared to the pgr5 and ndho mutants, deficient in one of the two main cyclic electron transfer pathways described to function as protective alternative electron acceptors of PSI. The aim was to investigate whether the PGR5 (pgr5) and the type I NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) (ndho) systems protect PSI from excess electron stress and whether they help plants to cope with the consequences of PSI photoinhibition. First, our data reveals that neither PGR5 nor NDH-1 system protects PSI from a sudden burst of electrons. This strongly suggests that these systems in Arabidopsis thaliana do not function as direct acceptors of electrons delivered from PSII to PSI - contrasting with the flavodiiron proteins that were found to make Physcomitrella patens PSI resistant to the PIT. Second, it is demonstrated that under light-limiting conditions, the electron transfer rate at PSII is linearly dependent on the amount of functional PSI in all genotypes, while under excess light, the PGR5-dependent control of electron flow at the Cytochrome b6f complex overrides the effect of PSI inhibition. Finally, the PIT is shown to increase the amount of PGR5 and NDH-1 as well as of PTOX, suggesting that they mitigate further damage to PSI after photoinhibition rather than protect against it.
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Yang Q, Blanco NE, Hermida-Carrera C, Lehotai N, Hurry V, Strand Å. Two dominant boreal conifers use contrasting mechanisms to reactivate photosynthesis in the spring. Nat Commun 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 31913273 PMCID: PMC6949249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests are dominated by evergreen conifers that show strongly regulated seasonal photosynthetic activity. Understanding the mechanisms behind seasonal modulation of photosynthesis is crucial for predicting how these forests will respond to changes in seasonal patterns and how this will affect their role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. We demonstrate that the two co-occurring dominant boreal conifers, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), use contrasting mechanisms to reactivate photosynthesis in the spring. Scots pine downregulates its capacity for CO2 assimilation during winter and activates alternative electron sinks through accumulation of PGR5 and PGRL1 during early spring until the capacity for CO2 assimilation is recovered. In contrast, Norway spruce lacks this ability to actively switch between different electron sinks over the year and as a consequence suffers severe photooxidative damage during the critical spring period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Nicolás E Blanco
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Centre of Photosynthetic and Biochemical Studies (CEFOBI-CONICET), Faculty of Biochemical Science and Pharmacy, Rosario National University, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Carmen Hermida-Carrera
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nóra Lehotai
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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25
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Wang F, Yan J, Ahammed GJ, Wang X, Bu X, Xiang H, Li Y, Lu J, Liu Y, Qi H, Qi M, Li T. PGR5/PGRL1 and NDH Mediate Far-Red Light-Induced Photoprotection in Response to Chilling Stress in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32547581 PMCID: PMC7270563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants experience low ambient temperature and low red to far-red ratios (L-R/FR) of light due to vegetative shading and longer twilight durations in cool seasons. Low temperature induce photoinhibition through inactivation of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, the role of light quality on photoprotection during cold stress remains poorly understood. Here, we report that L-R/FR significantly prevents the overreduction of the entire intersystem electron transfer chain and the limitation of photosystem I (PSI) acceptor side, eventually alleviating the cold-induced photoinhibition. During cold stress, L-R/FR activated cyclic electron flow (CEF), enhanced protonation of PSII subunit S (PsbS) and de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, and promoted energy-dependent quenching (qE) component of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), enzyme activity of Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle and D1 proteins accumulation. However, L-R/FR -induced photoprotection pathways were compromised in tomato PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1A (PGRL1A) co-silenced plants and NADH DEHYDROGENASE-LIKE COMPLEX M (NDHM) -silenced plants during cold stress. Our results demonstrate that both PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF mediate L-R/FR -induced cold tolerance by enhancing the thermal dissipation and the repair of photodamaged PSII, thereby mitigating the overreduction of electron carriers and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The study indicates that there is an anterograde link between photoreception and photoprotection in tomato plants during cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wang, ;
| | - Jiarong Yan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Bu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiazhi Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Tianlai Li,
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26
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Cook G, Teufel A, Kalra I, Li W, Wang X, Priscu J, Morgan-Kiss R. The Antarctic psychrophiles Chlamydomonas spp. UWO241 and ICE-MDV exhibit differential restructuring of photosystem I in response to iron. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:209-228. [PMID: 30729447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 is a psychrophilic alga isolated from the deep photic zone of a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake (east lobe Lake Bonney, ELB). Past studies have shown that C. sp. UWO241 exhibits constitutive downregulation of photosystem I (PSI) and high rates of PSI-associated cyclic electron flow (CEF). Iron levels in ELB are in the nanomolar range leading us to hypothesize that the unusual PSI phenotype of C. sp. UWO241 could be a response to chronic Fe-deficiency. We studied the impact of Fe availability in C. sp. UWO241, a mesophile, C. reinhardtii SAG11-32c, as well as a psychrophile isolated from the shallow photic zone of ELB, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-MDV. Under Fe-deficiency, PsaA abundance and levels of photooxidizable P700 (ΔA820/A820) were reduced in both psychrophiles relative to the mesophile. Upon increasing Fe, C. sp. ICE-MDV and C. reinhardtii exhibited restoration of PSI function, while C. sp. UWO241 exhibited only moderate changes in PSI activity and lacked almost all LHCI proteins. Relative to Fe-excess conditions (200 µM Fe2+), C. sp. UWO241 grown in 18 µM Fe2+ exhibited downregulation of light harvesting and photosystem core proteins, as well as upregulation of a bestrophin-like anion channel protein and two CEF-associated proteins (NdsS, PGL1). Key enzymes of starch synthesis and shikimate biosynthesis were also upregulated. We conclude that in response to variable Fe availability, the psychrophile C. sp. UWO241 exhibits physiological plasticity which includes restructuring of the photochemical apparatus, increased PSI-associated CEF, and shifts in downstream carbon metabolism toward storage carbon and secondary stress metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Cook
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E High St., 32 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Amber Teufel
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E High St., 32 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Isha Kalra
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E High St., 32 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E High St., 32 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - John Priscu
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Rachael Morgan-Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E High St., 32 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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Khuong TTH, Robaglia C, Caffarri S. Photoprotection and growth under different lights of Arabidopsis single and double mutants for energy dissipation (npq4) and state transitions (pph1). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:741-753. [PMID: 30915529 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis single and double mutants for energy dissipation (npq4) and state transitions (pph1, blocked in State II) show enhanced growth and flowers + siliques production under controlled low-light conditions. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a short-term regulation important to maintain efficient photosynthesis and to avoid photooxidative damages by dissipation of excess energy. Full activation of NPQ in plants requires the protonation of the PsbS protein, which is the sensor of the low lumenal pH triggering the thermal dissipation. State transitions are a second important photosynthetic regulation to respond to changes in light quality and unbalanced excitation of photosystems. State transitions allow energy redistribution between PSI and PSII through the reversible exchange of LHCII antenna complexes between photosystems thanks to the opposite action of the STN7 kinase and PPH1 phosphatase: phosphorylation of LHCII promotes its mobilization from PSII to PSI, while dephosphorylation has the opposite effect. In this work, we produced the pph1/npq4 double mutant and characterized some photosynthetic, growth and reproduction properties in comparison with wild-type and single-mutant plants in high- and low-light conditions. Results indicate that in high light, the pph1 mutant maintains good photoprotection ability, while npq4 plants show more susceptibility to photodamages. The pph1/npq4 double mutant showed a resistance to high-light stress similar to that of the single npq4 mutant. In low-light condition, the single mutants showed a significant increase of growth and flowering compared to wild-type plants and this effect was further enhanced in the pph1/npq4 double mutant. Results suggest that photosynthetic optimisation to improve crop growth and productivity might be possible, at least under controlled low-light conditions, by modifying NPQ and regulation of state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Khuong
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Equipe de Luminy de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Cell Technology Laboratory-CFB, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology (KLEPT), Hanoi University of Science (HUS), Vietnam National University in Hanoi (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Christophe Robaglia
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Equipe de Luminy de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Equipe de Luminy de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009, Marseille, France.
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28
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Hájková M, Kummerová M, Zezulka Š, Babula P, Váczi P. Diclofenac as an environmental threat: Impact on the photosynthetic processes of Lemna minor chloroplasts. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:892-899. [PMID: 30986895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of pharmaceuticals action on biochemical and physiological processes in plants that determine plant growth and development are still mostly unknown. This study deals with the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) on photosynthesis as an essential anabolic process. Changes in primary and secondary photosynthetic processes were assessed in chloroplasts isolated from Lemna minor exposed to 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μM DCF. Decreases in the potential and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (FV/FM by 21%, ΦII by 44% compared to control), changes in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ), and a substantial drop in Hill reaction activity (by 73%), especially under 1000 μM DCF, were found. Limitation of electron transport through photosystem II was confirmed by increased fluorescence signals in steps J and I (by 50% and 23%, respectively, under 1000 μM DCF) in OJIP fluorescence transient. Photosystem I exhibited changes only in the redox state of P700 reaction centres (decrease in Pm by 10%, increase in reduced P700 by 5% under 1000 μM DCF). Similarly, RuBisCO activity was only lowered by 30% under 1000 μM DCF. In contrast, a significant increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (by 116% and 157%, respectively) was observed under 10 μM DCF, and lipid peroxidation increased even at 1 μM DCF (by nearly seven times compared to the control). Results demonstrate the ability of environmentally relevant DCF concentrations to induce oxidative stress in isolated duckweed chloroplasts; however, photosynthetic processes were affected considerably only by the highest DCF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Hájková
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Kummerová
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Váczi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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29
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Storti M, Alboresi A, Gerotto C, Aro EM, Finazzi G, Morosinotto T. Role of cyclic and pseudo-cyclic electron transport in response to dynamic light changes in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1590-1602. [PMID: 30496624 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms support cell metabolism by harvesting sunlight and driving the electron transport chain at the level of thylakoid membranes. Excitation energy and electron flow in the photosynthetic apparatus is continuously modulated in response to dynamic environmental conditions. Alternative electron flow around photosystem I plays a seminal role in this regulation contributing to photoprotection by mitigating overreduction of the electron carriers. Different pathways of alternative electron flow coexist in the moss Physcomitrella patens, including cyclic electron flow mediated by the PGRL1/PGR5 complex and pseudo-cyclic electron flow mediated by the flavodiiron proteins FLV. In this work, we generated P. patens plants carrying both pgrl1 and flva knock-out mutations. A comparative analysis of the WT, pgrl1, flva, and pgrl1 flva lines suggests that cyclic and pseudo-cyclic processes have a synergic role in the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport. However, although both contribute to photosystem I protection from overreduction by modulating electron flow following changes in environmental conditions, FLV activity is particularly relevant in the first seconds after a light change whereas PGRL1 has a major role upon sustained strong illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Storti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Gerotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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30
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Takagi D, Ihara H, Takumi S, Miyake C. Growth Light Environment Changes the Sensitivity of Photosystem I Photoinhibition Depending on Common Wheat Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31214216 PMCID: PMC6557977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important factor for determining photosynthetic performance in land plants. At high light intensity, land plants develop photosynthetic activity by increasing electron sinks, such as the Calvin cycle and photorespiration and photoprotective mechanisms in photosystem II (PSII), to effectively utilize light and protect them from photoinhibition. In addition to PSII, photosystem I (PSI) has a risk of undergoing photoinhibition under high light intensity because of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced within PSI. However, the acclimation response has hardly been evaluated in the relationship of PSI photoprotection to growth light. In this study, we studied the effect of growth light intensity on the photoprotective mechanisms in PSI using six wheat cultivars. To evaluate the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition, we used the repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination method to cause O2-dependent PSI photoinhibition. We found that PSI photoinhibition induced by rSP illumination was much more alleviated in wheat cultivars grown under high-light conditions compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Here, we observed that wheat plant grown under high-light conditions lowered the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Furthermore, the acclimation response toward PSI photoinhibition was significantly different among the studied wheat cultivars, although the quantum yields both of PSII and PSI were increased by high-light acclimation in all wheat cultivars as reported previously. Interestingly, we observed that total chlorophyll content in leaves correlated with the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition. On the basis of these results, we suggest that high-light acclimation induces protection mechanisms against PSI photoinhibition in land plants, and the increase in the leaf chlorophyll content relates to the susceptibility of PSI photoinhibition in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ihara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takumi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chikahiro Miyake,
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31
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Kosugi M, Maruo F, Inoue T, Kurosawa N, Kawamata A, Koike H, Kamei Y, Kudoh S, Imura S. A comparative study of wavelength-dependent photoinactivation in photosystem II of drought-tolerant photosynthetic organisms in Antarctica and the potential risks of photoinhibition in the habitat. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1263-1278. [PMID: 30052754 PMCID: PMC6324753 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS All photosynthetic organisms are faced with photoinhibition, which would lead to death in severe environments. Because light quality and light intensity fluctuate dynamically in natural microenvironments, quantitative and qualitative analysis of photoinhibition is important to clarify how this environmental pressure has impacted ecological behaviour in different organisms. METHODS We evaluated the wavelength dependency of photoinactivation to photosystem II (PSII) of Prasiola crispa (green alga), Umbilicaria decussata (lichen) and Ceratodon purpureus (bryophyte) harvested from East Antarctica. For evaluation, we calculated reaction coefficients, Epis, of PSII photoinactivation against energy dose using a large spectrograph. Daily fluctuation of the rate coefficient of photoinactivation, kpi, was estimated from Epis and ambient light spectra measured during the summer season. KEY RESULTS Wavelength dependency of PSII photoinactivation was different for the three species, although they form colonies in close proximity to each other in Antarctica. The lichen exhibited substantial resistance to photoinactivation at all wavelengths, while the bryophyte showed sensitivity only to UV-B light (<325 nm). On the other hand, the green alga, P. crispa, showed ten times higher Epi to UV-B light than the bryophyte. It was much more sensitive to UV-A (325-400 nm). The risk of photoinhibition fluctuated considerably throughout the day. On the other hand, Epis were reduced dramatically for dehydrated compared with hydrated P. crispa. CONCLUSIONS The deduced rate coefficients of photoinactivation under ambient sunlight suggested that P. crispa needs to pay a greater cost to recover from photodamage than the lichen or the bryophyte in order to keep sufficient photosynthetic activity under the Antarctic habitat. A newly identified drought-induced protection mechanism appears to operate in P. crispa, and it plays a critical role in preventing the oxygen-evolving complex from photoinactivation when the repair cycle is inhibited by dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- For correspondence. E-mail:
| | - Fumino Maruo
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Kurosawa
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kawamata
- Nature Research Group, Ehime Prefectural Science Museum, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Wada S, Suzuki Y, Takagi D, Miyake C, Makino A. Effects of genetic manipulation of the activity of photorespiration on the redox state of photosystem I and its robustness against excess light stress under CO 2-limited conditions in rice. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:431-441. [PMID: 29761327 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Under CO2-limited conditions such as during stomatal closure, photorespiration is suggested to act as a sink for excess light energy and protect photosystem I (PSI) by oxidizing its reaction center chlorophyll P700. In this study, this issue was directly examined with rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants via genetic manipulation of the amount of Rubisco, which can be a limiting factor for photorespiration. At low [CO2] of 5 Pa that mimicked stomatal closure condition, the activity of photorespiration in transgenic plants with decreased Rubisco content (RBCS-antisense plants) markedly decreased, whereas the activity in transgenic plants with overproduction of Rubisco (RBCS-sense plants) was similar to that in wild-type plants. Oxidation of P700 was enhanced at [CO2] of 5 Pa in wild-type and RBCS-sense plants. PSI was not damaged by excess light stress induced by repetitive saturated pulse-light (rSP) in the presence of strong steady-state light. On the other hand, P700 was strongly reduced in RBCS-antisense plants at [CO2] of 5 Pa. PSI was also damaged by rSP illumination. These results indicate that oxidation of P700 and the robustness of PSI against excess light stress are hampered by the decreased activity of photorespiration as a result of genetic manipulation of Rubisco content. It is also suggested that overproduction of Rubisco does not enhance photorespiration as well as CO2 assimilation probably due to partial deactivation of Rubisco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan.
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
- CREST, JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
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Huang W, Tikkanen M, Zhang SB. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in Nephrolepis falciformis depends on reactive oxygen species generated in the chloroplast stroma. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:129-140. [PMID: 29357086 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied how high light causes photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in the shade-demanding fern Nephrolepis falciformis, in an attempt to understand the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition under natural field conditions. Intact leaves were treated with constant high light and fluctuating light. Detached leaves were treated with constant high light in the presence and absence of methyl viologen (MV). Chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 signal were determined to estimate photoinhibition. PSI was highly oxidized under high light before treatments. N. falciformis showed significantly stronger photoinhibition of PSI and PSII under constant high light than fluctuating light. These results suggest that high levels of P700 oxidation ratio cannot prevent PSI photoinhibition under high light in N. falciformis. Furthermore, photoinhibition of PSI in N. falciformis was largely accelerated in the presence of MV that promotes the production of superoxide anion radicals in the chloroplast stroma by accepting electrons from PSI. From these results, we propose that photoinhibition of PSI in N. falciformis is mainly caused by superoxide radicals generated in the chloroplast stroma, which is different from the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and spinach. Here, we provide some new insights into the PSI photoinhibition under natural field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Molecular mechanisms involved in plant photoprotection. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:467-482. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can cause photo-oxidative damage and decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis because of photoinhibition. Plants have evolved many photoprotective mechanisms in order to face reactive oxygen species production and thus avoid photoinhibition. These mechanisms include quenching of singlet and triplet excited states of chlorophyll, synthesis of antioxidant molecules and enzymes and repair processes for damaged photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in photoprotection of chloroplasts through dissipation of energy absorbed in excess.
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Tikkanen M, Grebe S. Switching off photoprotection of photosystem I - a novel tool for gradual PSI photoinhibition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:156-161. [PMID: 28815613 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) has evolved in anaerobic atmospheric conditions and until today remains susceptible to oxygen. To minimize the probability of damaging side reactions, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to control electron transfer, and PSI becomes inhibited only when malfunctions of these regulatory mechanisms occur. Because of the complicated induction of PSI photoinhibition, a detailed investigation into the process and following reactions are still largely missing. Here, we introduce the theoretical framework and a novel method for an easy and controlled induction of PSI photoinhibition in vivo. The method mimics the PSI damage mechanisms of fluctuating light-sensitive mutant plants (stn7, pgr5) which cannot control electron donation to PSI. Because PSII and PSI have different light absorption properties, electrons accumulate in the intersystem electron transfer chain (ETC), if PSII is preferentially excited. A saturating light pulse given upon an over-reduced ETC leads to the saturation of PSI electron acceptors, ultimately leading to the production of reactive oxygen species and photoinhibition of PSI. By adjusting the time of the light treatment, PSI can be gradually photoinhibited, providing a novel tool to holistically investigate the PSI photoinhibition phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Liu X, Zhou Y, Xiao J, Bao F. Effects of Chilling on the Structure, Function and Development of Chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1715. [PMID: 30524465 PMCID: PMC6262076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the organelles that perform energy transformation in plants. The normal physiological functions of chloroplasts are essential for plant growth and development. Chilling is a common environmental stress in nature that can directly affect the physiological functions of chloroplasts. First, chilling can change the lipid membrane state and enzyme activities in chloroplasts. Then, the efficiency of photosynthesis declines, and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. On one hand, excess ROS can damage the chloroplast lipid membrane; on the other hand, ROS also represent a stress signal that can alter gene expression in both the chloroplast and nucleus to help regenerate damaged proteins, regulate lipid homeostasis, and promote plant adaptation to low temperatures. Furthermore, plants assume abnormal morphology, including chlorosis and growth retardation, with some even exhibiting severe necrosis under chilling stress. Here, we review the response of chloroplasts to low temperatures and focus on photosynthesis, redox regulation, lipid homeostasis, and chloroplast development to elucidate the processes involved in plant responses and adaptation to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Zhou
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Bao,
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Yang YJ, Chang W, Huang W, Zhang SB, Hu H. The effects of chilling-light stress on photosystems I and II in three Paphiopedilum species. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:53. [PMID: 29177684 PMCID: PMC5702284 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperatures pose a critical limitation to the physiology and survival of chilling-sensitive plants. One example is the genus Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae), which is mainly native to tropical and subtropical areas from Asia to the Pacific islands. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism(s) underlying its sensitivity to chilling temperature. We examined how chilling-light stress influences the activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in three species: P. armeniacum, P. micranthum, and P. purpuratum. All originate from different distribution zones that cover a range of temperatures. RESULTS Photosystem II of three Paphiopedilum species was remarkable sensitivity to chilling stress. After 8 h chilling stress, the maximum quantum yield of PSII of three species of Paphiopedilum was significantly decreased, especially in P. purpuratum. The quantity of efficient PSI complex (P m ) value did not significantly differ after 8 h chilling treatment compared to the original value in three species. The stronger PSII photoinhibition and significantly less capacity for cyclic electron flow (CEF) were observed in P. purpuratum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the three species of Paphiopedilum showed significant PSII photoinhibition when exposed to 4 °C chilling treatment. However, their PSI activities were not susceptible to chilling-light stress during 8 h. The CEF was important for the photoprotection of PSI and PSII in P. armeniacum and P. micranthum under chilling conditions. Our findings suggested that the photosynthetic characteristics of Paphiopedilum were well adapted to their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang JL, Hu H, Zhang SB. Superoxide generated in the chloroplast stroma causes photoinhibition of photosystem I in the shade-establishing tree species Psychotria henryi. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:293-303. [PMID: 28432538 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that high light induced significant photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in the shade-establishing tree species Psychotria henryi. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. In the present study, in order to investigate the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in P. henryi, we treated detached leaves with constant high light in the presence of methyl viologen (MV) or a soluble α-tocopherol analog, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC). We found that MV significantly depressed photochemical quantum yields in PSI and PSII when compared to PMC. On condition that no PSI photoinhibition happened, although cyclic electron flow (CEF) was abolished in the MV-treated samples, P700 oxidation ratio was maintain at higher levels than the PMC-treated samples. In the presence of PMC, PSI photoinhibition little changed but PSII photoinhibition was significantly alleviated. Importantly, PSI photoinhibition was largely accelerated in the presence of MV, which stimulates the production of superoxide and subsequently other reactive oxygen species at the chloroplast stroma by accepting electrons from PSI. Furthermore, MV largely aggravated PSII photoinhibition when compared to control. These results suggest that high P700 oxidation ratio cannot prevent PSI photoinhibition in P. henryi. Furthermore, the superoxide produced in the chloroplast stroma is critical for PSI photoinhibition in the higher plant P. henryi, which is opposite to the mechanism underlying PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and spinach. These findings highlight a new mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Shikanai T, Yamamoto H. Contribution of Cyclic and Pseudo-cyclic Electron Transport to the Formation of Proton Motive Force in Chloroplasts. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:20-29. [PMID: 27575692 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic electron transport is coupled to proton translocation across the thylakoid membrane, resulting in the formation of a trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) and membrane potential (Δψ). Ion transporters and channels localized to the thylakoid membrane regulate the contribution of each component to the proton motive force (pmf). Although both ΔpH and Δψ contribute to ATP synthesis as pmf, only ΔpH downregulates photosynthetic electron transport via the acidification of the thylakoid lumen by inducing thermal dissipation of excessive absorbed light energy from photosystem II antennae and slowing down of the electron transport through the cytochrome b6f complex. To optimize the tradeoff between efficient light energy utilization and protection of both photosystems against photodamage, plants have to regulate the pmf amplitude and its components, ΔpH and Δψ. Cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (PSI) is a major regulator of the pmf amplitude by generating pmf independently of the net production of NADPH by linear electron transport. Chloroplast ATP synthase relaxes pmf for ATP synthesis, and its activity should be finely tuned for maintaining the size of the pmf during steady-state photosynthesis. Pseudo-cyclic electron transport mediated by flavodiiron protein (Flv) forms a large electron sink, which is essential for PSI photoprotection in fluctuating light in cyanobacteria. Flv is conserved from cyanobacteria to gymnosperms but not in angiosperms. The Arabidopsis proton gradient regulation 5 (pgr5) mutant is defective in the main pathway of PSI cyclic electron transport. By introducing Physcomitrella patens genes encoding Flvs, the function of PSI cyclic electron transport was substituted by that of Flv-dependent pseudo-cyclic electron transport. In transgenic plants, the size of the pmf was complemented to the wild-type level but the contribution of ΔpH to the total pmf was lower than that in the wild type. In the pgr5 mutant, the size of the pmf was drastically lowered by the absence of PSI cyclic electron transport. In the mutant, ΔpH occupied the majority of pmf, suggesting the presence of a mechanism for the homeostasis of luminal pH in the light. To avoid damage to photosynthetic electron transport by periods of excess solar energy, plants employ an intricate regulatory network involving alternative electron transport pathways, ion transporters/channels, and pH-dependent mechanisms for downregulating photosynthetic electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076 Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
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Brestic M, Zivcak M, Kunderlikova K, Allakhverdiev SI. High temperature specifically affects the photoprotective responses of chlorophyll b-deficient wheat mutant lines. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:251-266. [PMID: 27023107 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of high temperature on CO2 assimilation rate, processes associated with photosynthetic electron and proton transport, as well as photoprotective responses, were studied in chlorophyll b-deficient mutant lines (ANK-32A and ANK-32B) and wild type (WT) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Despite the low chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a-to-b ratio, the non-stressed mutant plants had the similar level of CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic responses as WT. However, in ANK mutant plants exposed to prolonged high temperature episode (42 °C for ~10 h), we observed lower CO2 assimilation compared to WT, especially when a high CO2 supply was provided. In all heat-exposed plants, we found approximately the same level of PSII photoinhibition, but the decrease in content of photooxidizable PSI was higher in ANK mutant plants compared to WT. The PSI damage can be well explained by the level of overreduction of PSI acceptor side observed in plants exposed to high temperature, which was, in turn, the result of the insufficient transthylakoid proton gradient associated with low non-photochemical quenching and lack of ability to downregulate the linear electron transport to keep the reduction state of PSI acceptor side low enough. Compared to WT, the ANK mutant lines had lower capacity to drive the cyclic electron transport around PSI in moderate and high light; it confirms the protective role of cyclic electron transport for the protection of PSI against photoinhibition. Our results, however, also suggest that the inactivation of PSI in heat stress conditions can be the protective mechanism against photooxidative damage of chloroplast and cell structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang JL, Hu H, Zhang SB. PSI photoinhibition is more related to electron transfer from PSII to PSI rather than PSI redox state in Psychotria rubra. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:85-92. [PMID: 27236700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been believed that wild-type plants are capable of protecting photosystem I (PSI) under high light, our previous study indicates that PSI is sensitive to high light in the shade-established tree species Psychotria rubra. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of electron transfer from PSII to PSI and PSI redox state in PSI photoinhibition in P. rubra by treatments with lincomycin (Lin), diuron (DCMU), and methyl viologen (MV). After exposure to 2000 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) for 2 h, PSI activity decreased by 35, 29, 3, and 49 % in samples treated with H2O, Lin, DCMU, and MV, respectively. Meanwhile, the MV-treated samples showed higher P700 oxidation ratio than the H2O-treated samples, suggesting the PSI photoinhibition under high light was accompanied by high levels of P700 oxidation ratio. PSI photoinhibition was alleviated in the DCMU-treated samples but was accelerated in the MV-treated samples, suggesting that PSI photoinhibition in P. rubra was mainly controlled by electron transfer from PSII to PSI. Taking together, PSI photoinhibition is more related to electron transfer from PSII to PSI rather than PSI redox state in P. rubra, which is different from the mechanisms of PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Yamori W, Shikanai T. Physiological Functions of Cyclic Electron Transport Around Photosystem I in Sustaining Photosynthesis and Plant Growth. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:81-106. [PMID: 26927905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The light reactions in photosynthesis drive both linear and cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (PSI). Linear electron transport generates both ATP and NADPH, whereas PSI cyclic electron transport produces ATP without producing NADPH. PSI cyclic electron transport is thought to be essential for balancing the ATP/NADPH production ratio and for protecting both photosystems from damage caused by stromal overreduction. Two distinct pathways of cyclic electron transport have been proposed in angiosperms: a major pathway that depends on the PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE 1 (PGRL1) proteins, which are the target site of antimycin A, and a minor pathway mediated by the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex. Recently, the regulation of PSI cyclic electron transport has been recognized as essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. In this review, we summarize the possible functions and importance of the two pathways of PSI cyclic electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) and
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Tiwari A, Mamedov F, Grieco M, Suorsa M, Jajoo A, Styring S, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Photodamage of iron-sulphur clusters in photosystem I induces non-photochemical energy dissipation. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16035. [PMID: 27249566 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) uses light energy and electrons supplied by photosystem II (PSII) to reduce NADP(+) to NADPH. PSI is very tolerant of excess light but extremely sensitive to excess electrons from PSII. It has been assumed that PSI is protected from photoinhibition by strict control of the intersystem electron transfer chain (ETC). Here we demonstrate that the iron-sulphur (FeS) clusters of PSI are more sensitive to high light stress than previously anticipated, but PSI with damaged FeS clusters still functions as a non-photochemical photoprotective energy quencher (PSI-NPQ). Upon photoinhibition of PSI, the highly reduced ETC further triggers thylakoid phosphorylation-based mechanisms that increase energy flow towards PSI. It is concluded that the sensitivity of FeS clusters provides an additional photoprotective mechanism that is able to downregulate PSII, based on PSI quenching and protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Stenbjörn Styring
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Suorsa M, Rantala M, Mamedov F, Lespinasse M, Trotta A, Grieco M, Vuorio E, Tikkanen M, Järvi S, Aro EM. Light acclimation involves dynamic re-organization of the pigment-protein megacomplexes in non-appressed thylakoid domains. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:360-73. [PMID: 26332430 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid energy metabolism is crucial for plant growth, development and acclimation. Non-appressed thylakoids harbor several high molecular mass pigment-protein megacomplexes that have flexible compositions depending upon the environmental cues. This composition is important for dynamic energy balancing in photosystems (PS) I and II. We analysed the megacomplexes of Arabidopsis wild type (WT) plants and of several thylakoid regulatory mutants. The stn7 mutant, which is defective in phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex (LHC) II, possessed a megacomplex composition that was strikingly different from that of the WT. Of the nine megacomplexes in total for the non-appressed thylakoids, the largest megacomplex in particular was less abundant in the stn7 mutant under standard growth conditions. This megacomplex contains both PSI and PSII and was recently shown to allow energy spillover between PSII and PSI (Nat. Commun., 6, 2015, 6675). The dynamics of the megacomplex composition was addressed by exposing plants to different light conditions prior to thylakoid isolation. The megacomplex pattern in the WT was highly dynamic. Under darkness or far red light it showed low levels of LHCII phosphorylation and resembled the stn7 pattern; under low light, which triggers LHCII phosphorylation, it resembled that of the tap38/pph1 phosphatase mutant. In contrast, solubilization of the entire thylakoid network with dodecyl maltoside, which efficiently solubilizes pigment-protein complexes from all thylakoid compartments, revealed that the pigment-protein composition remained stable despite the changing light conditions or mutations that affected LHCII (de)phosphorylation. We conclude that the composition of pigment-protein megacomplexes specifically in non-appressed thylakoids undergoes redox-dependent changes, thus facilitating maintenance of the excitation balance between the two photosystems upon changes in light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Rantala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija Lespinasse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eerika Vuorio
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Järvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Suorsa M. Cyclic electron flow provides acclimatory plasticity for the photosynthetic machinery under various environmental conditions and developmental stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:800. [PMID: 26442093 PMCID: PMC4585005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic electron flow operates in two modes, linear and cyclic. In cyclic electron flow (CEF), electrons are recycled around photosystem I. As a result, a transthylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) is generated, leading to the production of ATP without concomitant production of NADPH, thus increasing the ATP/NADPH ratio within the chloroplast. At least two routes for CEF exist: a PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5-PGRL1-and a chloroplast NDH-like complex mediated pathway. This review focuses on recent findings concerning the characteristics of both CEF routes in higher plants, with special emphasis paid on the crucial role of CEF in under challenging environmental conditions and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
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Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
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Chaux F, Peltier G, Johnson X. A security network in PSI photoprotection: regulation of photosynthetic control, NPQ and O2 photoreduction by cyclic electron flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:875. [PMID: 26528325 PMCID: PMC4606052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI regulates acceptor-side limitations and has multiple functions in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here we draw on recent and historic literature and concentrate on its role in Photosystem I (PSI) photoprotection, outlining causes and consequences of damage to PSI and CEF's role as an avoidance mechanism. We outline two functions of CEF in PSI photoprotection that are both linked to luminal acidification: firstly, its action on Photosystem II with non-photochemical quenching and photosynthetic control and secondly, its action in poising the stroma to overcome acceptor-side limitation by rebalancing NADPH and ATP ratios for carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chaux
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- *Correspondence: Xenie Johnson,
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Yaakoubi H, Hamdani S, Bekalé L, Carpentier R. Protective action of spermine and spermidine against photoinhibition of photosystem I in isolated thylakoid membranes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112893. [PMID: 25420109 PMCID: PMC4242612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-stability of photosystem I (PSI) is of high importance for the photosynthetic processes. For this reason, we studied the protective action of two biogenic polyamines (PAs) spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on PSI activity in isolated thylakoid membranes subjected to photoinhibition. Our results show that pre-loading thylakoid membranes with Spm and Spd reduced considerably the inhibition of O2 uptake rates, P700 photooxidation and the accumulation of superoxide anions (O2(-)) induced by light stress. Spm seems to be more effective than Spd in preserving PSI photo-stability. The correlation of the extent of PSI protection, photosystem II (PSII) inhibition and O2(-) generation with increasing Spm doses revealed that PSI photo-protection is assumed by two mechanisms depending on the PAs concentration. Given their antioxidant character, PAs scavenge directly the O2(-) generated in thylakoid membranes at physiological concentration (1 mM). However, for non-physiological concentration, the ability of PAs to protect PSI is due to their inhibitory effect on PSII electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnia Yaakoubi
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Saber Hamdani
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bekalé
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie-Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Effect of biogenic polyamine spermine on the structure and function of photosystem I. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:76-83. [PMID: 25318020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We located the binding sites of spermine (Spm) to PSI sub-membrane proteins and the impact of this interaction on the photoprotection of PSI activity, using spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. Our results showed that at high Spm content the polyamine binds PSI polypeptides through H-bonding and induces major protein conformational changes with the reduction of α-helix from 52% to 42% and an increase of the β-sheet from 26% to 29%. However, polyamine does not affect significantly the photooxidizable P700 in control sample and considerably protects it against strong illumination. On the contrary, protein conformational changes coincide with an important inhibition of O2 uptake rates by polyamine, which revealed that the protein of the PSI donor side plastocyanin is a main target for Spm inhibition. The photoprotection of PSI photochemical activity may be due to the stabilization of the PSI stromal polypeptides by Spm as shown by the docking results. Spm binds to different amino acids with hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters, while the presence of several H-bondings stabilizes Spm-PSI complexation.
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Long-term and short-term responses of the photosynthetic electron transport to fluctuating light. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:89-99. [PMID: 24776379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Light energy absorbed by chloroplasts drives photosynthesis. When absorbed light is in excess, the thermal dissipation systems of excess energy are induced and the photosynthetic electron flow is regulated, both contributing to suppression of reactive oxygen species production and photodamages. Various regulation mechanisms of the photosynthetic electron flow and energy dissipation systems have been revealed. However, most of such knowledge has been obtained by the experiments conducted under controlled conditions with constant light, whereas natural light condition is drastically fluctuated. To understand photosynthesis in nature, we need to clarify not only the mechanisms that raise photosynthetic efficiency but those for photoprotection in fluctuating light. Although these mechanisms appear to be well balanced, regulatory mechanisms achieving the balance is little understood. Recently, some pioneering studies have provided new insight into the regulatory mechanisms in fluctuating light. In this review, firstly, the possible mechanisms involved in regulation of the photosynthetic electron flow in fluctuating light are presented. Next, we introduce some recent studies focusing on the photosynthetic electron flow in fluctuating light. Finally, we discuss how plants effectively cope with fluctuating light showing our recent results.
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