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Heegaard PMH, Bergström AL, Andersen HG, Cordes H. Prion-Specific Antibodies Produced in Wild-Type Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1348:285-301. [PMID: 26424281 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-specific antibodies produced against synthetic peptides are of high value in probing protein structure and function, especially when working with challenging proteins, including not readily available, non-immunogenic, toxic, and/or pathogenic proteins. Here, we present a straightforward method for production of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against peptides representing two sites of interest in the bovine prion protein (boPrP), the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease (CJD) in humans, as well as a thorough characterization of their reactivity with a range of normal and pathogenic (misfolded) prion proteins. It is demonstrated that immunization of wild-type mice with ovalbumin-conjugated peptides formulated with Freund's adjuvant induces a good immune response, including high levels of specific anti-peptide antibodies, even against peptides very homologous to murine protein sequences. In general, using the strategies described here for selecting, synthesizing, and conjugating peptides and immunizing 4-5 mice with 2-3 different peptides, high-titered antibodies reacting with the target protein are routinely obtained with at least one of the peptides after three to four immunizations with incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Building B, Bülowsvej 27, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Ann-Louise Bergström
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Building B, Bülowsvej 27, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Gertz Andersen
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Building B, Bülowsvej 27, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henriette Cordes
- Innate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Building B, Bülowsvej 27, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Krogshøjvej 30, 2880, Bagsværd, Denmark
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Heegaard PMH, Miller I, Sorensen NS, Soerensen KE, Skovgaard K. Pig α1-acid glycoprotein: characterization and first description in any species as a negative acute phase protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68110. [PMID: 23844161 PMCID: PMC3699587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum protein α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), also known as orosomucoid, is generally described as an archetypical positive acute phase protein. Here, porcine AGP was identified, purified and characterized from pooled pig serum. It was found to circulate as a single chain glycoprotein having an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, of which approximately 17 kDa were accounted for by N-bound oligosaccharides. Those data correspond well with the properties of the protein predicted from the single porcine AGP gene (ORM1, Q29014 (UniProt)), containing 5 putative glycosylation sites. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was produced and shown to quantitatively and specifically react with all microheterogenous forms of pig AGP as analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis. This MAb was used to develop an immunoassay (ELISA) for quantification of AGP in pig serum samples. The adult serum concentrations of pig AGP were in the range of 1-3 mg/ml in a number of conventional pig breeds while it was lower in Göttingen and Ossabaw minipigs (in the 0.3 to 0.6 mg/ml range) and higher in young (2-5 days old) conventional pigs (mean: 6.6 mg/ml). Surprisingly, pig AGP was found to behave as a negative acute phase protein during a range of experimental infections and aseptic inflammation with significant decreases in serum concentration and in hepatic ORM1 expression during the acute phase response. To our knowledge this is the first description in any species of AGP being a negative acute phase protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Batista-Viera F, Janson JC, Carlsson J. Affinity Chromatography. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:221-58. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Geerligs IEJ, Beijnen JH, Bekers O, Underberg WJM. Quality Control of Protein and Peptide Drugs: Monoclonal Antibodies and some Biological Response Modifiers Derived by Recombinant DNA Technology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049309038761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cordes H, Bergström AL, Ohm J, Laursen H, Heegaard PMH. Characterisation of new monoclonal antibodies reacting with prions from both human and animal brain tissues. J Immunol Methods 2008; 337:106-20. [PMID: 18657541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases) is primarily based on the detection of a protease resistant, misfolded disease associated isoform (PrP(Sc)) of the prion protein (PrP(C)) on neuronal cells. These methods depend on antibodies directed against PrP(C) and capable of reacting with PrP(Sc)in situ (immunohistochemistry on nervous tissue sections) or with the unfolded form of the protein (western and paraffin embedded tissue (PET) blotting). Here, high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 1.5D7, 1.6F4) were produced against synthetic PrP peptides in wild-type mice and used for western blotting and immunohistochemistry to detect several types of human prion-disease associated PrP(Sc), including sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) (subtypes MM1 and VV2), familial CJD and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease PrP(Sc) as well as PrP(Sc) of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bovine brain), scrapie (ovine brain) and experimental scrapie in hamster and in mice. The antibodies were also used for PET-blotting in which PrP(Sc) blotted from brain tissue sections onto a nitrocellulose membrane is visualized with antibodies after protease and denaturant treatment allowing the detection of protease resistant PrP forms (PrP(RES)) in situ. Monoclonal antibodies 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 were raised against the reported epitope (PrP153-165) of the commercial antibody 6H4. While 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 were completely inhibitable by PrP153-165, 6H4 was not, indicating that the specificity of 6H4 is not defined completely by PrP153-165. The two antibodies performed similarly to 6H4 in western blotting with human samples, but showed less reactivity and enhanced background staining with animal samples in this method. In immunohistochemistry 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 performed better than 6H4 suggesting that the binding affinity of 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 with native (aggregated) PrP(Sc)in situ was higher than that of 6H4. On the other hand in PET-blotting, 6H4 reached the same level of reactivity as 1.5D7 and 1.6F4. This shows that 6H4 needs denatured PrP(RES) to reach maximal reactivity, confirming earlier results. As an exception, human PrP(RES) still reacted relatively poorly with 6H4 in PET-blotting, while 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 reacted well with PrP(RES) from most human CJD types. Taken together this implies that the binding epitope of 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 is accessible in the aggregates of undenatured PrP(Sc) (IHC) while the binding site of 6H4 is at least partly inaccessible. In techniques incorporating a denaturing and/or disaggregating step 6H4 showed good binding indicating increased accessibility of the binding site. An exception to this is human samples in PET-blotting suggesting that huPrP(RES) might not be as easily unfolded by denaturation as BSE and scrapie PrP(RES). Also of interest was the ability of 1.5D7 and 1.6F4 to discriminate between two allelic variants of PrP CJD(Sc) (VV vs. MM) in immunohistochemistry as opposed to the normally used antibody 3F4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Cordes
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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Bergström AL, Jensen TK, Heegaard PMH, Cordes H, Hansen VB, Laursen H, Lind P. Short-term Study of the Uptake of PrPSc by the Peyer's Patches in Hamsters after Oral Exposure to Scrapie. J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:126-33. [PMID: 16473365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) has been detected in the ileal Peyer's patches of lambs as early as one week after oral exposure to scrapie. In hamsters, the earliest reported time of PrP(Sc) detection in the Peyer's patches after oral exposure to scrapie is 69 days post-infection. To evaluate the acute uptake of inoculum and to investigate whether the Peyer's patches constitute the primary site of entry for scrapie after oral exposure, hamsters were each exposed orally to 1 ml of a 10% brain homogenate from hamsters in the terminal stage of infection with the 263 K strain of the scrapie agent. PrP(Sc) was demonstrated in the Peyer's patches only a few days after exposure, i.e., much earlier than previously reported. This study supports the view that the Peyer's patches constitute at least one of the primary entry sites of PrP(Sc) after oral exposure to scrapie.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Bergström
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics, The Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, 1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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Zukas AA, Breksa AP. Extraction methods for analysis of citrus leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1078:201-5. [PMID: 16007999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
General procedures for the extraction of Citrus leaf proteins for analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were developed through the evaluation and modification of existing methods. Among the methods evaluated, the best results were obtained when Tris-HCl, KCl, and phenol extractions were followed by precipitation with organic solvents to purify and concentrate the samples. The utility of the Tris-HCl extraction method was demonstrated on the leaves of six genetically different Citrus varieties. The methods described are versatile and result in high resolution 2-DE gels of Citrus leaf proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius A Zukas
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
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Soerensen CM, Nielsen OL, Willis A, Heegaard PMH, Holmskov U. Purification, characterization and immunolocalization of porcine surfactant protein D. Immunology 2005; 114:72-82. [PMID: 15606797 PMCID: PMC1782063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin believed to play an important role in innate immunity. SP-D is characterized by having a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which has a specific Ca(2+)-dependent specificity for saccharides and thus the ability to bind complex glycoconjugates on micro-organisms. This paper describes the tissue immunolocalization of porcine SP-D (pSP-D) in normal slaughter pigs using a monoclonal antibody raised against purified pSP-D. Porcine SP-D was purified from porcine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by maltose-agarose and immunoglobulin M affinity chromatography. The purified protein appeared on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a band of approximately 53,000 MW in the reduced state and approximately 138,000 MW in the unreduced state. Porcine SP-D was sensitive to collagenase digestion and N-deglycosylation, which reduced the molecular mass to approximately 24,000 MW and approximately 48,000 MW respectively, in the reduced state. N-deglycosylation of the collagen-resistant fragment, reduced the molecular mass to approximately 21,000 MW showing the presence of an N-glycosylation site located in the CRD. Porcine SP-D bound to solid-phase mannan in a dose and Ca(2+)-dependent manner with a saccharide specificity similar to rat and human SP-D. The purified protein was used for the production of a monoclonal anti-pSP-D antibody. The antibody reacted specifically with pSP-D in the reduced and unreduced state when analysed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical evaluation of normal porcine tissues showed pSP-D immunoreactivity predominantly in Clara cells and serous cells of the bronchial submucosal glands, and to a lesser extent in alveolar type II cells, epithelial cells of the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and serous cells of the dorsolateral lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Soerensen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Laboratory of Pathology, The Royal Veterinary Agricultural University, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Giordano M, Lucidi P, De Feo P, DePascale E, Ciarambino T, Castellino P. Dietary protein intake does not affect IgG synthesis in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19:2494-8. [PMID: 15388819 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low plasma IgG levels have long been reported as an important complication of the nephrotic syndrome. Few studies in vivo have evaluated IgG synthesis in nephrotic patients and no data are available on the effect of dietary protein restriction on the rate of IgG synthesis. METHODS We compared the IgG synthesis rates of seven nephrotic patients who assumed, for 4 weeks, either a normal protein diet (NPD) (1.20+/-0.06 g/kg/day) or a low-protein diet (LPD) (0.66+/-0.04 g/kg/day) with those of seven normal subjects (matched for age and body mass index). The post-absorptive fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of IgG were evaluated during the last 120 min of a 5 h 5,5,5-D3-l-leucine infusion. RESULTS Compared with controls, in nephrotic patients the plasma IgG levels and pool were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while IgG FSR and ASR were increased by 4- and 2.5-fold, respectively (P<0.05). The LPD regimen did not affect plasma IgG FSR, ASR, circulating concentrations and intravascular pool (P = NS). There was a significant negative correlation between plasma IgG FSR and the IgG intravascular pool in nephrotic patients evaluated during both the NPD (r = -0.828; P<0.05) and LPD (r = -0.861; P<0.05) regimens. CONCLUSIONS Nephrotic syndrome patients with low plasma IgG levels have increased IgG FSR and ASR which are not affected by reduced dietary protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giordano
- Second University of Naples, Dipartimento di Geriatria e Malattie del Metabolismo, Azienda Universitaria Policlinico, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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Carvalheira JBC, Ribeiro EB, Araújo EP, Guimarães RB, Telles MM, Torsoni M, Gontijo JAR, Velloso LA, Saad MJA. Selective impairment of insulin signalling in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker rats. Diabetologia 2003; 46:1629-40. [PMID: 14600817 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2003] [Revised: 08/04/2003] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS By acting in the brain, insulin suppresses food intake. However, little is known with regard to insulin signalling in the hypothalamus in insulin-resistant states. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction assays were combined to compare in vivo hypothalamic insulin signalling through the PI3-kinase and MAP kinase pathways between lean and obese Zucker rats. RESULTS Intracerebroventricular insulin infusion reduced food intake in lean rats to a greater extent than that observed in obese rats, and pre-treatment with PI3-kinase inhibitors prevented insulin-induced anorexia. The relative abundance of IRS-2 was considerably higher than that of IRS-1 in hypothalamus of both lean and obese rats. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IR, IRS-1/2, the associations of PI 3-kinase to IRS-1/2 and phosphorylation of Akt in hypothalamus were decreased in obese rats compared to lean rats. These effects seem to be mediated by increased phosphoserine content of IR, IRS-1/2 and decreased protein levels of IRS-1/2 in obese rats. In contrast, insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of MAP kinase equally in lean and obese rats. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION This study provides direct measurements of insulin signalling in hypothalamus, and documents selective resistance to insulin signalling in hypothalamus of Zucker rats. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that insulin could have anti-obesity actions mediated by the PI3-kinase pathway, and that impaired insulin signalling in hypothalamus could play a role in the development of obesity in this animal model of insulin-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B C Carvalheira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, FCM, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Bøg YS, Andresen LO, Bastholm L, Elling F, Angen O, Heegaard PM. The transferrin receptor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: quantitation of expression and structural characterization using a peptide-specific monoclonal antibody. Vet Microbiol 2001; 81:51-64. [PMID: 11356318 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
When Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pp) is grown under iron-restricted conditions in vitro, transferrin binding proteins (Tbps) are induced. The functional transferrin receptor of A. pp is composed of two outer membrane proteins (Tbp1 and Tbp2) and shows an exquisite specificity for porcine transferrin. This complex was studied using a monoclonal antibody (Mab 1.48) raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a hydrophilic domain of Tbp2 common to several A. pp serotypes. The antibody reacted specifically with a 60-70kDa Tbp2-antigen found in all serotypes of A. pp obtained from iron-restricted culture. It was found that Tbp2 was not expressed in iron replete medium by any serotype except serotypes 5a, 5b and 6 where a weak expression was seen. There was a weak expression of related antigens in Actinobacillus indolicus and Actinobacillus suis under iron-depleted conditions while no similar antigens were detected with the Mab in iron-starved Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus porcinus, Actinobacillus minor, Haemophilus influenzae, and Haemophilus parasuis. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the Mab 1.48, Tbp2 could be detected in both recombinant E. coli expressing Tbp2 and in wild type A. pp grown under iron restricted conditions. The subcellular location of Tbp2 in A. pp was studied by immunoelectron microscopy using the Mab 1.48. Interestingly, all antibody binding was found inside the A. pp cells, while Tbp2 expressed in recombinant E. coli was found both in the cytosol and on the outer membrane. These results indicate that the Mab 1.48-reactive epitope of Tbp2 is surface exposed when it is expressed without Tbp1 in E. coli while the inaccessibility of this epitope of Tbp2 in A. pp could be due to shading by the association between Tbp2 and Tbp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Bøg
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yu MW, Talbot PJ. Characterization of protection against coronavirus infection by noninternal image antiidiotypic antibody. Viral Immunol 2000; 13:93-106. [PMID: 10733172 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2000.13.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported protective vaccination of mice against a coronavirus infection using rabbit polyclonal noninternal image Ab2gamma anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody specific for a virus-neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7-10A against the viral surface S glycoprotein. To characterize further the mechanisms involved in the induction of protective immunity by this noninternal image anti-Id, plasma and splenocytes from Ab2gamma-immunized BALB/c mice were passively transferred to naive BALB/c mice, followed by viral challenge. A reproducible significant delay in mortality observed in mice to which plasma was passively transferred, together with the presence of specific in vitro neutralizing antiviral Ab3 identified the humoral immune response as the major element responsible for protection. The activation of specific and cross-reactive T lymphocytes by both virus and anti-Id in immunized mice and the absence of adoptive transfer of protection by splenocytes suggested the participation of T helper activity in the induction of protective virus-neutralizing Ab3. To obtain more defined monoclonal reagents for a better understanding of anti-Id-induced protection, mAb2 were generated against the same mAb1 7-10A and characterized. We report the successful generation of mAb2 of the gamma type. However, unlike the polyclonal Ab2gamma, they were not capable of inducing a protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Yu
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, Human Health Research Center, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
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Yu MW, Scott JK, Fournier A, Talbot PJ. Characterization of murine coronavirus neutralization epitopes with phage-displayed peptides. Virology 2000; 271:182-96. [PMID: 10814583 PMCID: PMC3987775 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2000] [Revised: 02/07/2000] [Accepted: 03/10/2000] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phage-displayed peptide libraries were used to map immunologically relevant epitopes on the surface (S) glycoprotein of a neurotropic murine coronavirus (MHV-A59). Three in vitro virus-neutralizing and in vivo protective mAbs against either continuous or discontinuous epitopes on the S glycoprotein were used to screen 12 different peptide libraries expressed on the pVIII major coat protein of the fd filamentous bacteriophage. Consensus sequences that matched short sequences within the S glycoprotein were identified. The sequence of a tight-binding, mAb-selected peptide suggested the location of a discontinuous epitope within the N-terminal S1 subunit. Several tightly binding phage were amplified and used directly as immunogens in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Partial protection of C57BL/6 mice against a lethal acute virus infection was achieved with a phage preparation that displayed a linear epitope. Protection correlated with the presence of sufficient levels of specific antiviral antibodies recognizing the same immunodominant domain and 13-mer peptide, located within the C-terminal S2 subunit, as the selecting mAb. Thus, the direct use of phage-displayed peptides to evaluate protective antiviral immune responses complements their use to characterize antibody-binding epitopes. This is the first evaluation of protective immunization induced by mAb-selected phage-displayed peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Yu
- Human Health Research Center, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
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Boschetti E, Jungbauer A. 15 Separation of antibodies by liquid chromatography. HANDBOOK OF BIOSEPARATIONS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(00)80062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Necina R, Amatschek K, Jungbauer A. Capture of human monoclonal antibodies from cell culture supernatant by ion exchange media exhibiting high charge density. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19981220)60:6<689::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vilaseca JC, Pupo M, Bernal M, Matamoros L, Gordillo S, Rodríguez H, Caballero Y, Otero A. Quantitative ELISA for mouse monoclonal antibody determination in culture supernatants and in human serum. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1997; 16:557-62. [PMID: 9455710 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1997.16.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An ELISA has been set up for quantifying mouse monoclonal antibodies in culture supernatant. The assay includes rabbit anti-mouse IgG antibodies chromatographycally purified. This preparation was used as coating and as conjugated antibodies in the ELISA. The assay can detect IgG1 with sensitivity of 0.2 ng/mL, IgG2a (0.85 ng/mL), IgG2b (0.13 ng/mL), and IgG3 (3.19 ng/mL) in culture supernatants. The effective working range was from subnanogram per mL quantities to 30 ng/mL by using a computer statistical program. Variation coefficient of ELISA was below 7%. Correlation estimates with a similar ELISA using commercial reagents were performed for each mouse antibody subclass. The assay was able to detect the four mouse monoclonal antibody subclasses in pure human serum as compared with the same ELISA using commercial antibodies. A 24-h pharmacokinetic profile of 1 patient treated with an IgG2a monoclonal antibody is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vilaseca
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
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Corbeil S, Seguin C, Trudel M. Involvement of the complement system in the protection of mice from challenge with respiratory syncytial virus Long strain following passive immunization with monoclonal antibody 18A2B2. Vaccine 1996; 14:521-5. [PMID: 8782350 PMCID: PMC7126533 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00222-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Passive immunization of mice with 131 micrograms of the non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 18A2B2, directed against the A subgroup epitope of the G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus Long strain (RSV), confers protection against viral i.n. challenge. The role of the Fc fragment of this antibody as well as the involvement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-mediated cytolysis towards protection was evaluated in vivo. Passive immunization with the Fab fragment alone (618-907 micrograms mouse-1) was unable to confer protection in mice. Furthermore, we passively immunized with the mAb 18A2B2 SCID beige mice, which are deficient in natural killer (NK) cell activity, to ascertain the role of NK cells in the protective mechanism. These mice were free of virus 5 days following viral challenge, indicating that NK cells do not contribute significantly towards the protective action of this antibody. Moreover, passively immunized BALB/c mice decomplemented with 8-10 U of cobra venom factor (CoVF) and DBA/2J mice (C5 deficient) were only partially protected. These findings suggest that in mice the alternative and classical pathways of the complement system are involved in the passive protection mechanism conferred by the non-neutralizing mAb 18A2B2. To our knowledge, it is the first description of a protective mechanism in mice that involves a non-neutralizing antibody and the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Corbeil
- Centre de Recherche en Virologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
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19
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Río C, Pérez-Cerdá F, Matute C, Nieto-Sampedro M. Preparation of a monoclonal antibody to a glycidic epitope of the epidermal growth factor receptor that recognizes inhibitors of astrocyte proliferation and reactive microglia. J Neurosci Res 1995; 40:776-86. [PMID: 7543160 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490400609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A mouse monoclonal antibody (5B9), directed against a carbohydrate epitope of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), recognized an 81-kDalton glycoprotein in buffer-soluble and detergent-solubilized rat brain extracts (BE). The glycoprotein was more abundant in extracts prepared from injured brain than in those from normal tissue. Removal from BE of the antigens recognized by 5B9 increased their astrocyte mitogenic activity. Sections of injured rat brain and cultures derived from damaged brain, enriched in microglia, showed 5B9 immunoreactivity in ED1-positive cells. The abundance of the glycoprotein recognized by 5B9 in injured, relative to normal, tissue, suggested that molecules with EGFR immunoreactivity may be expressed in reactive microglial cells and released after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Río
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco, Vizcaya, Spain
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20
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De Feo P, Volpi E, Lucidi P, Cruciani G, Monacchia F, Reboldi G, Santeusanio F, Bolli GB, Brunetti P. Ethanol impairs post-prandial hepatic protein metabolism. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:1472-9. [PMID: 7706451 PMCID: PMC295629 DOI: 10.1172/jci117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of acute ethanol ingestion on whole body and hepatic protein metabolism in humans are not known. To simulate social drinking, we compared the effects of the association of a mixed meal (632 kcal, 17% amino acids, 50% glucose, 33% lipids) with a bottle of either table wine (ethanol content 71 g) or water on the estimates ([1-14C]-leucine infusion) of whole body protein breakdown, oxidation, and synthesis, and on the intravascular fractional secretory rates (FSR) of hepatically (albumin, fibrinogen) and extrahepatically (IgG) synthesized plasma proteins in two randomized groups (ethanol n = 7, water n = 7) of healthy nonalcoholic volunteers. Each study was carried out for 8 h. Protein kinetics were measured in the overnight post-absorptive state, over the first 4 h, and during a meal infusion (via a nasogastric feeding tube at constant rate) combined with the oral ingestion of wine or water, over the last 4 h. When compared with water, wine ingestion during the meal reduced (P < 0.03) by 24% the rate of leucine oxidation, did not modify the estimates of whole body protein breakdown and synthesis, reduced (P < 0.01) by approximately 30% the FSR of albumin and fibrinogen, but did not affect IgG FSR. In conclusion, 70 g of ethanol, an amount usual among social drinkers, impairs hepatic protein metabolism. The habitual consumption of such amounts by reducing the synthesis and/or secretion of hepatic proteins might lead to the progressive development of liver injury and to hypoalbuminemia also in the absence of protein malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Feo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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21
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Voeltzel T, Duvillard P, Ghillani P, Bénard J, Bohuon C, Bellet D, Bidart JM. Distribution of VRA09, an ovarian tumor-associated antigen, distinguishing borderline serous tumors. Int J Cancer 1994; 59:159-64. [PMID: 7927912 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910590203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the characterization of an antigen designated VRA09, identified by a monoclonal antibody and overexpressed on the surface of vincristine-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. In the present study, we analyze the distribution of this antigen in normal and tumor tissues. Its pattern of expression appears to differ from that described for other drug-resistance- and/or tumor-associated antigens. In normal tissues, the antigen has a restricted histological distribution and appears to be localized in mesoderm-derived tissues. In tumor tissues, VRA09 expression was mainly detected in serous ovarian tumors. Indeed, VRA09 is strongly expressed in papillary serous cystadenocarcinomas and their metastases, and more specifically in the basement membranes of serous tumors of borderline malignancy. In contrast, no immunostaining was observed in normal ovarian tissue or benign tumors. The detection of this antigen may help to identify serous ovarian tumors by distinguishing tumors of low malignancy from cystadenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Voeltzel
- Service d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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22
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Mushens RE, Guest AR, Scott ML. Quantitation of monoclonal antibodies by ELISA. The use of purified mouse IgG and mouse IgM monoclonal antibodies as standards in a quantitative ELISA measuring monoclonal antibodies produced by cell culture. J Immunol Methods 1993; 162:77-83. [PMID: 8509654 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses and IgM class in hybridoma culture supernatants were quantified using a sensitive, reliable, optimized indirect double antibody sandwich ELISA. In the ELISA, the MAb in the culture supernatants was sandwiched between affinity isolated heavy chain specific polyclonal antibodies used for capture and detection. Quantitation was achieved by comparison with a standard curve produced by a purified MAb of the same class, subclass or ideally the same clone as the MAb to be quantified. These quantitative results were compared with those obtained using purified IgG and IgM polyclonal serum samples as standards and those obtained by total protein estimation using measurement at OD280nm. The IgG subclass MAbs used as standards were purified using protein G and the IgM class MAb was purified by ion exchange followed by gel filtration chromatography. Bovine IgG contamination of the MAb supernatants and the purified MAbs was also measured by a double antibody sandwich ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Mushens
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory (IBGRL), Bristol, UK
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23
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Elfaki MG, Kleven SH, Ragland WL, Steffens WL, Blankenship LL. Evidence for a common epitope on the surface of Mycoplasma gallisepticum defined by monoclonal antibody. Vet Microbiol 1993; 35:161-77. [PMID: 7689775 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90123-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An antigen containing a common epitope in most strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum was purified by isoelectric focusing and used in the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Of several mAb produced, only one mAb reacted with focused component and with all six strains of M. gallisepticum except strain 6/85. This mAb was designated MG3D6.A5, and it was subsequently purified with immobilized rProtein Atm. The MG3D6.A5 mAb recognized a common epitope on a molecule with relative molecular weight of 98 kilodaltons (kDa), termed p98. No binding was observed when the MG3D6.A5 mAb was reacted against antigens extracted from other mycoplasma species, indicating its species-specificity. Physicochemical studies revealed that p98 had an isoelectric point of 5.2, was stable to heat, and was resistant to periodate oxidation but sensitive to trypsin treatment, suggesting that p98 is a nonglycosylated protein. Furthermore, ultrastructural studies with colloidal gold revealed that M. gallisepticum cells were selectively stained with MG3D6.A5 mAb to p98. The latter was focally distributed on the surface of a mycoplasma cell membrane near the attachment organelle. These results suggest that p98 is a highly conserved protein in M. gallisepticum strains, is immunogenic, and is surface-accessible; its binding specificity to MG3D6.A5 mAb could be used to identify M. gallisepticum in multiple cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Elfaki
- Department of Avian Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4785
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24
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da Costa L, Carde P, Lumbroso JD, Ricard M, Pfreundschuh M, Bosq J, Manil L, Diehl V, Parmentier C. Immunoscintigraphy in Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell lymphomas: results in 18 patients using the iodine radiolabeled monoclonal antibody HRS-3. Ann Oncol 1992; 3 Suppl 4:53-7. [PMID: 1333272 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/3.suppl_4.s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoscintigraphy (IS) using the HRS-3 Hodgkin associated monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was performed in 18 patients with Hodgkin's Disease (HD) at staging or restaging. Either F(ab')2 fragments (14 patients) or whole HRS-3 (4 patients) labeled with 77-260 Mbq 131-I were used. Whole body images, including anterior and posterior views, were taken from a digital gamma camera, within 4 to 8 hours after injection and then daily for 5 days. In one patient IS was discontinued due to iodine intolerance. Seventeen patients were evaluable: 14 showed a true positive result including 2 cases which were reviewed as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Nodal, splenic, bone marrow and muscle involvements were imaged, many of these sites were previously unsuspected. In 7 patients with true positive findings the Pressman Specificity Index, as measured from biopsied material, ranged from 1.5-3 in 4 patients and from 5 to greater than 100 in 3 patients. Imaging was equivocal or failed in 1 patient (lymph nodes). In 2 patients, IS imaging was truly negative due to the absence of active HD, and a false negative result occurred once (inguinal node). In none of the patients a false positive image was observed. In order to rule out non-specific iodine uptake a control, anti-ACE MoAb, labeled with 125-Iodine was injected simultaneously in 10 patients. The evaluation of the study gave a sensitivity of 87% and a good specificity. IS using radioiodine labeled MoAbs is feasible and represents a reliable non-invasive diagnostic method for the staging and follow-up of HD and ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L da Costa
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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25
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Prior CP. Large-scale process purification of clinical product from animal cell cultures. BIOTECHNOLOGY (READING, MASS.) 1991; 17:445-78. [PMID: 2049550 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-409-90123-8.50023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Valinger Z, Tresćec A, Tomasić J. Comparison of immunogenicity of recombinant and plasma derived hepatitis B antigen in guinea-pigs. Vaccine 1990; 8:585-9. [PMID: 2087880 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90014-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four different preparations of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) were tested in parallel with respect to their ability to elicit anti-HBs in guinea-pigs. We compared the effect of low doses (5 micrograms single dose and 30 micrograms total amount) of human plasma derived and recombinant HBsAg, in purified forms or prepared as vaccines, respectively. The highest titre of anti-HBs developed was detected in guinea-pigs immunized with plasma derived HBsAg, followed the by response in animals immunized with plasma derived vaccine. Purified recombinant antigen and recombinant vaccine exhibited poor immunogenicity compared with plasma derived antigen preparations. The increase in the dose of recombinant antigen (150 micrograms total amount) resulted in markedly improved response in two out of ten animals. Anti-HBs immunoglobulin fractions from pooled sera within each group of animals were isolated, partially purified, coupled to polystyrene beads and subsequently used in immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal 125I-anti-HBs. Only the anti-HBs isolated from pooled sera of animals immunized with purified plasma derived antigen met the requirements for high sensitivity and antigen specificity in such assay. Comparable properties were exhibited by the anti-HBs obtained from one guinea-pig immunized with a larger amount of recombinant antigen. With these two anti-HBs immunoglobulin preparations, amounts as low as 1 ng of HBsAg could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Valinger
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Radioimmunology, Zagreb, Yugoslavia
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27
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Carde P, Da Costa L, Manil L, Pfreundschuh M, Lumbroso JD, Saccavini JC, Caillou B, Ricard M, Boudet F, Hayat M. Immunoscintigraphy of Hodgkin's disease: in vivo use of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies derived from Hodgkin cell lines. Eur J Cancer 1990; 26:474-9. [PMID: 1694088 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(90)90019-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Hodgkin associated monoclonal antibody (Mab) HRS-1 reacts with Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (HR-S) in all HD subtypes. HRS-1 Mab was labelled with radioiodine and injected into 10 patients for immunoscintigraphy (IS). Seven patients were injected with HRS-1 Mab radiolabelled with 131I and three patients were injected with HRS-1 Mab labelled with 123I. A control anti-alpha-fetoprotein (anti-AFP) Mab was radiolabelled with another iodine isotope and was injected simultaneously in five cases. Six out of eight patients with proven HD had a true positive scan (nodal, splenic and bony involvement). Imaging was equivocal or failed in the two other patients. In the last two patients IS imaging was truly negative due to the absence of residual HD in one patient and to an erroneous histological diagnosis of HD in another patient. These results, although preliminary, demonstrate that IS with radioiodine-labelled HRS-1 Mab is feasible and may prove to be informative in the staging of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Carde
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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28
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Santucci A, Rustici M, Bracci L, Lozzi L, Soldani P, Neri P. HPLC immunoaffinity purification of rabies virus glycoprotein using immobilized antipeptide antibodies. J Immunol Methods 1990; 127:131-8. [PMID: 2319136 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(90)90349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the acetylcholine receptor may be used by the rabies virus to concentrate at sites in proximal to peripheral nerves. It has also been reported that the binding site for the receptor is located within the 190-203 region of the virus glycoprotein on the basis of its structural homology with the toxic center of snake neurotoxins, which are well known cholinergic ligands. We prepared monoclonal antibodies against the synthetic tetradecapeptide having the same sequence as the putative binding site of the rabies virus. One of three antibodies (clone 2PV 36-74) was able to recognize both the whole virus and its peplomeric glycoprotein and could bind acetylcholine. It was also able to inhibit the binding both of alpha-bungarotoxin and rabies virus glycoprotein to the acetylcholine receptor. We have covalently bound 2PV 36-74 to an HPLC affinity column and utilized it for specific purification of rabies virus glycoprotein. The immunoaffinity chromatographic method we describe is very sensitive and highly specific. Moreover this procedure does not denature the sample and is vary rapid and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santucci
- CRISMA, Centro Didattico dell'Università, Siena, Italy
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29
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Daniel C, Talbot PJ. Protection from lethal coronavirus infection by affinity-purified spike glycoprotein of murine hepatitis virus, strain A59. Virology 1990; 174:87-94. [PMID: 2152996 PMCID: PMC7131235 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Murine hepatitis viruses provide excellent animal models for the study of virus-induced diseases of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Several studies have indirectly provided evidence that the spike glycoprotein (S) of these coronaviruses bears determinants for pathogenesis and the induction of protective immunity. In order to directly evaluate the immunogenicity of this protein, it was purified by affinity chromatography with an in vitro neutralizing and in vivo protective monoclonal antibody which immunoprecipitated the 180-kDa spike glycoprotein of the neurotropic A59 strain of murine hepatitis virus (MHV-A59). Mice immunized twice with approximately 1 micrograms of purified S in Freund's adjuvant developed high titers of neutralizing and fusion inhibiting antibodies, even though the protein was at least partially denaturated after elution from the affinity column. Moreover, these mice were protected from lethal encephalitis when challenged intracerebrally with 10 LD50 of MHV-A59. This study provides a direct demonstration of the importance of the coronavirus spike glycoprotein in the induction of a protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Daniel
- Virology Research Center, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
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30
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Rustici M, Santucci A, Lozzi L, Petreni S, Spreafico A, Neri P, Bracci L, Soldani P. A monoclonal antibody to a synthetic fragment of rabies virus glycoprotein binds ligands of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. J Mol Recognit 1989; 2:51-5. [PMID: 2636896 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.300020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rabies virus glycoprotein and snake venom curaremimetic neurotoxins share a region of high homology (30-45 for neurotoxins and 190-203 for the glycoprotein) in the regions that are believed to be responsible for binding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Monoclonal antibodies raised to the 190-203 synthetic fragment of rabies virus glycoprotein were immobilized on a high performance affinity chromatography column and were able to bind neurotoxins. Toxins were displaced from the affinity column by elution at acidic pH and by affinity competition with acetylcholine at neutral pH. Furthermore, the affinity column proved to be useful for the purification of cholinergic ligands. Overall, these results indicate that the paratope of our monoclonal antibodies could behave as an 'internal image' of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor acetylcholine binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rustici
- CRISMA, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
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31
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Edmond Rouan SK, Otterness IG, Cunningham AC, Rhodes CT. Specific, high affinity colchicine binding monoclonal antibodies: development and characterization of the antibodies. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1989; 8:435-48. [PMID: 2777275 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1989.8.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nine colchicine specific monoclonal antibodies have been developed by immunizing BALB/c mice with a colchicine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (Col-KLH) conjugate prepared using a bishydroxysuccinimide coupling reagent. Of four immunization procedures examined, intraperitoneal injection of the antigen attached to acid treated E. coli resulted in the maximum antigen specific antibody titers. A colchicine bovine serum albumin (Col-BSA) conjugate, prepared using a water soluble carbodiimide coupling technique, formed the basis of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay used for screening hybridomas for colchicine specific antibody secretion and for determining the relative affinity and specificity profile of the monoclonal antibodies. All antibodies demonstrated high affinity, saturable binding to colchicine and low cross-reactivity with a panel of compounds structurally related to colchicine. The IC50 for the highest affinity antibody, C44, was 3.6 +/- 0.84 nM colchicine in the competitive enzyme immunoassay. The affinity of this antibody determined from Scatchard analysis of antibody binding to tritiated colchicine was 0.66 +/- 0.11 nM. Antibody C44 has the level of specificity and affinity suitable for a sensitive and selective immunoassay of colchicine for monitoring therapeutic drug levels. In addition, this antibody provides a specific pharmacologic antagonist for studies of colchicine's therapeutic mechanism and has the potential to reverse colchicine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Edmond Rouan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston
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32
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Lin H, Carlson DM, St George JA, Plopper CG, Wu R. An ELISA method for the quantitation of tracheal mucins from human and nonhuman primates. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1989; 1:41-8. [PMID: 2624758 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/1.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies, 17B1 and 17Q2, which are specific for large molecular weight mucous glycoproteins of airway epithelium, have been used to develop an ELISA method to quantitate the tracheal mucins of humans and rhesus monkeys. The assay is a double-sandwich system that does not depend on either the binding of mucous antigens to the microtiter plate or the use of a second antibody. The assay protocol includes (1) coating the microtiter well with purified IgG of 17B1 or 17Q2, (2) incubating the wells with mucous samples, (3) binding of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated IgG to the wells, and (4) developing the color with phosphate substrate. This ELISA method is very sensitive for human and rhesus monkey tracheal mucins. Quantitation is not affected by the presence of various proteoglycans (keratan sulfate, hyaluronate, heparin, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate). However, the quantitation is affected by the treatment of antigen with periodic acid and endo-beta-galactosidase. Other enzymes (e.g., neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, heparitinase, heparinase, fucosidase, keratanase) have no effect on the antigenicity of substrate. The quantitation is linear, with a concentration from 0.2 to 4 ng protein/sample. The ELISA method developed in this study should be useful for quantitating the mucin content of various biologic fluids, such as sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and media from cultures following various pharmacologic and physiologic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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33
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Hakalahti L, Vihko P. Purification of monoclonal antibodies raised against prostate-specific acid phosphatase for use in vivo in radioimaging of prostatic cancer. J Immunol Methods 1989; 117:131-6. [PMID: 2913158 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(89)90127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In developing diagnostic reagents for the radioimaging of prostatic cancer, methods were optimized for the purification of two mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies raised against prostate-specific acid phosphatase and produced in cell culture. Two different two-step methods were selected. One method consisted of two successive ion exchange chromatographic steps on Mono S and Mono Q; in the other method, Mono S chromatography was followed by hydrophobic interaction (Alkyl Superose) chromatography. In both cases, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) instrumentation was used. The antibodies were purified from cell culture media containing fetal calf serum (1-5%). Highly pure (greater than 95%) IgG1 antibodies, free of contaminating serum-derived proteins or column materials, were obtained in good yield (greater than 90% recovery). The purified antibodies completely retained their immunological reactivity towards prostate-specific acid phosphatase and were sterile and pyrogen-free. Since the monoclonal antibodies produced were intended for applications in vivo, an essential feature of the methods selected was the availability of in situ cleaning procedures for sterilization of the gel materials and for the inactivation of viruses and pyrogens in the gels. The methods developed could be readily scaled up for preparative purposes.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vetterlein
- Genentech, Recovery Process Research and Development, South San Francisco, California
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35
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Egen NB, Bliss M, Mayersohn M, Owens SM, Arnold L, Bier M. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies to phencyclidine from ascites fluid by preparative isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor. Anal Biochem 1988; 172:488-94. [PMID: 3189790 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody to phencyclidine was developed, produced in mouse ascites fluid, and purified. The purification used only preparative-scale isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor and dialysis. In 4 h, 25% (4 mg) of the antibody from 10 ml of ascites fluid was purified to homogeneity while 63% of the total antibody was recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Egen
- Center for Separation Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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36
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Payne WJ, Marshall DL, Shockley RK, Martin WJ. Clinical laboratory applications of monoclonal antibodies. Clin Microbiol Rev 1988; 1:313-29. [PMID: 3058298 PMCID: PMC358053 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.1.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology is well recognized as a significant development for producing specific serologic reagents to a wide variety of antigens in unlimited amounts. These reagents have provided the means for developing a number of highly specific and reproducible immunological assays for rapid and accurate diagnosis of an extensive list of diseases, including infectious diseases. The impact that MAbs have had in characterizing infectious disease pathogens, as well as their current and future applications for use in clinical microbiology laboratories, is reviewed. In addition, the advantages (and disadvantages) of the use of MAbs in a number of immunoassays, such as particle agglutination, radioimmunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunofluorescent-antibody assays, and immunohistology, are explored, including the use of these reagents in novel test system assays. Also, nucleic acid probe technology is compared with the use of MAbs from the perspective of their respective applications in the diagnosis of infectious disease agents. There is no question that hybridoma technology has the potential to alter significantly the methods currently used in most clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Payne
- Murex Corporation, Norcross, Georgia 30071
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37
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Fleming JO, Pen LB. Measurement of the concentration of murine IgG monoclonal antibody in hybridoma supernatants and ascites in absolute units by sensitive and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). J Immunol Methods 1988; 110:11-8. [PMID: 2836513 PMCID: PMC7130540 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mouse IgG using affinity-purified goat anti-mouse antibodies for capture and detection. This assay was used to measure the absolute or weight/volume concentration of murine monoclonal antibody in hybridoma supernatants. Bovine or subclasses except IgG3 in the 1-20 ng/ml range. Antibody capture was essentially complete in the optimized assay. In combination with an antigen-dependent ELISA, the assay allowed estimation of the absolute concentration of specific monoclonal antibody in ascites. These rapid and relatively simple assays may be applicable in many situations in which a practical means of measuring murine monoclonal antibodies in weight/volume units is needed.
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Key Words
- monoclonal antibody
- igg, murine
- ascites
- protein determination
- ig, immunoglobulin
- igg, immunoglobulin g
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- viral-elisa, elisa measuring antibodies to different coronaviruses
- c-elisa, capture elisa for measuring murine igg concentration
- gam-hrp, goat anti-mouse igg conjugated to horseradish peroxidase
- gam-cap, goat anti-mouse igg, unconjugated, used in the capture assay
- em, elisa medium
- pbs, phosphate-buffered sal0ine
- spa, sepharose-protein a
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Fleming
- Department of Neurology, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033
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Motté P, Vauzelle P, Gardet P, Ghillani P, Caillou B, Parmentier C, Bohuon C, Bellet D. Construction and clinical validation of a sensitive and specific assay for serum mature calcitonin using monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 174:35-54. [PMID: 2454766 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(88)90365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using calcitonin (CT) as an hapten, we have generated a library of monoclonal antibodies. Six monoclonal antibodies were developed and analyzed with respect to affinity and specificity for epitopes on CT by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. These antibodies were used in the construction and the optimization of a two-site monoclonal immunoradiometric assay (m-IRMA) for CT. We used a combination of two monoclonal antibodies to develop an assay which is rapid (overnight incubation), sensitive (10 pg/ml) and strictly specific for the mature form of calcitonin, ie the 32 amino acid-long polypeptide bearing a prolineamide as the C-terminal residue. This assay was utilized to demonstrate that mature calcitonin circulates as heterogeneous molecular species resulting from polymerization of calcitonin by disulphide linkage and/or by aggregation on irrelevant proteins. The clinical relevance of this assay was studied on a series of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) and the characteristics of the assay was compared with those of a conventional polyclonal radioimmunoassay. The m-IRMA for CT proved to be useful for both the diagnosis and the follow-up of MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Motté
- Unité d'Immunochimie, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Alberici GF, Pallardy M, Manil L, Dessaux JJ, Fournier J, Mondesir JM, Bohuon C, Gros P. Conjugates of elliptinium acetate with mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibodies or Fab fragments: in vitro cytotoxic effects upon human hepatoma cell lines. Int J Cancer 1988; 41:309-14. [PMID: 2448254 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910410224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elliptinium acetate (EA) is a new anti-cancer compound displaying cytostatic activity against various malignancies including hepatoma. Using 3 hepatoma cell lines, we compared the in vitro activity of doxorubicin (reference drug), of EA and of conjugates made up with this latter drug and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The linkage was performed by a direct oxidation method. Specific immunoconjugates were prepared with an anti-alphafetoprotein (AFP) MAb (AF01) or its Fab fragment (Fab AF01). Non-specific conjugates were obtained with an anti-thyroglobulin MAb (TG01) or its Fab (Fab TG01). Direct membrane injury (51Cr-release), DNA and protein synthesis as well as AFP release were investigated for all compounds. Free EA displayed only weak activity on DNA and protein synthesis, at 10-fold higher molar concentration than doxorubicin. Conjugation of EA with whole AF01 allowed significant potentiation of protein synthesis inhibition without affecting the 3 other tests. In contrast, Fab AF01 x EA conjugates displayed a marked effect in the 4 tests; in particular, this conjugate was at least 100 times more efficient than any other compound when tested in the 51Cr-release test. Neither Fab AF01 nor free EA alone or in combination exhibited such an effect. Fab TG01 x EA conjugate was not directly cytotoxic but potentiated inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis between 2- and 10-fold. The mechanism of the direct cytotoxic effect of anti-AFP Fab x EA conjugate, which has never been described in any other immunodrug model, was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Alberici
- Unité de Biologie Expérimentale, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Bowles M, Johnston SC, Schoof DD, Pentel PR, Pond SM. Large scale production and purification of paraquat and desipramine monoclonal antibodies and their Fab fragments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1988; 10:537-45. [PMID: 2846453 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(88)90071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the rapid, large scale purification of Fab fragments from mouse monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies against two clinically important and often fatal toxins, paraquat and desipramine, were isolated from mouse ascites fluid by preparative high performance hydroxylapatite (HPHT) or ion exchange (DEAE) high performance liquid chromatography. A competitive inhibition ELISA was used to determine the cross-reactivity of the antibody with analogs of the antigens. Papain digests of the IgGs were subjected to further HPHT followed by Sephadex G-100 chromatography to yield homogeneous Fab fragment preparations. The high purity of these preparations, demonstrated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has only been achieved previously by affinity chromatography. Intrinsic association constants for the intact IgG and the Fab fragment--antigen interactions, determined by competitive inhibition ELISA, were similar. This indicates that antigen-binding activity was conserved during the production and purification of the Fab fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bowles
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Ulvestad E, Matre R, Tønder O. IgG Fc receptors in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1988; 75:203-8. [PMID: 3238352 DOI: 10.3109/03009748809096763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A murine monoclonal antibody to receptors for IgG (FcR) in human placenta was used in a competitive ELISA to demonstrate soluble FcR in human sera. Sera from 20 blood donors, 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined. Soluble FcR were demonstrated in all sera. However, significantly lower amounts of FcR were demonstrated in the patient groups as compared to blood donors. Whether this is due to increased consumption or reduced production has to be further investigated. The findings may be of significance in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ulvestad
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory for Microbiology, Bergen, Norway
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Bergmann JF, Lumbroso JD, Manil L, Saccavini JC, Rougier P, Assicot M, Mathieu A, Bellet D, Bohuon C. Radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies against alpha-fetoprotein for in vivo localization of human hepatocellular carcinoma by immunotomoscintigraphy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1987; 13:385-90. [PMID: 2449350 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two high affinity monoclonal antibodies, designated AF01 and AF04, directed against distinct epitopes of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and the Fab fragments of one of them, were labelled with 131I and injected into 18 patients with AFP producing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in order to carry out imaging studies by tomoscintigraphy. Twelve patients were injected with whole antibody, only three of seven patients injected with AF01 and two of five patients injected with AF04 had a positive scan. In contrast, five out of six patients injected with labelled Fab fragments of AF04 had positive imaging. These results confirm that tumour imaging of HCC using 131I labelled monoclonal antibody against AFP is feasible. Moreover, utilization of tomoscintigraphy in place of linear scintigraphy and Fab fragments instead of whole immunoglobulin may improve the sensitivity of radioimmunolocalization. This technique provides useful information on the in vivo distribution of monoclonal antibodies directed against AFP and on the practicability of the eventual therapeutic use of anti-AFP antibodies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bergmann
- Département de Biologie Clinique, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Ross AH, Herlyn D, Koprowski H. Purification of monoclonal antibodies from ascites using ABx liquid chromatography column. J Immunol Methods 1987; 102:227-31. [PMID: 2821121 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Murine and rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were purified to 90-95% homogeneity from ascites in a single step using an ABx liquid chromatography column which utilizes a silica-based mixed-mode ion-exchange matrix. The resulting MAbs were highly immunoreactive reflecting the mild conditions used for this procedure. The column was also useful for detecting and separating multiple immunoglobulins present in the same ascites. For one ascites sample, three immunoglobulin species, which apparently differed only in their light chains, were resolved using this column and differed greatly in their immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ross
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Rimmelzwaan GF, Groen J, Juntti N, Teppema JS, UytdeHaag FG, Osterhaus AD. Purification of infectious canine parvovirus from cell culture by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies. J Virol Methods 1987; 15:313-22. [PMID: 3294877 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immuno affinity chromatography with virus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, directed to the haemagglutinating protein of canine parvovirus (CPV) was used to purify and concentrate CPV from infected cell culture. The procedure was monitored by testing the respective fractions in an infectivity titration system, in an ELISA, in a haemagglutination assay and by negative contrast electron microscopy to quantify CPV or CPV antigen. The degree of purification was further estimated by testing the fractions for total protein content in a colorimetric method, for bovine serum albumin content in an ELISA and by SDS-PAGE. Over 99% of the contaminating proteins proved to be removed, and 20% or 70-90% of infectious CPV or CPV antigen, respectively, was recovered.
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Motté P, Vauzelle P, Alberici G, Ait-Abdellah M, Bohuon C, Bellet D. Utilization of synthetic peptides for the study of calcitonin and biosynthetic precursors for calcitonin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1987; 14:289-94. [PMID: 3654253 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(87)90005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
By using synthetic peptides and a library of monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies, we have developed a panel of techniques that allow the dissection of circulating immunoreactive calcitonin in the serum. C Cells of the thyroid were found to release both mature calcitonin and biosynthetic intermediates in the circulation. Finally, these products were found to circulate as heterogenous molecular species. A methodology for the standardization of the measurement of calcitonin is proposed in the form of a two-site immunoradiometric assay specific for mature calcitonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Motté
- Unité d'Immunochimie, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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