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Swanepoel AC, Bester J, Emmerson O, Soma P, Beukes D, van Reenen M, Loots DT, du Preez I. Serum Metabolome Changes in Relation to Prothrombotic State Induced by Combined Oral Contraceptives with Drospirenone and Ethinylestradiol. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 24:404-414. [PMID: 32471328 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The association between hypercoagulability and use of drospirenone (DRSP) and ethinylestradiol (EE) containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is an important clinical concern. We have previously reported that the two formulations of DRSP combined with EE (namely, DRSP/20EE and DRSP/30EE) bring about a prothrombotic state in hemostatic traits of female users. We report here the serum metabolomic changes in the same study cohort in relation to the attendant prothrombotic state induced by COC use, thus offering new insights on the underlying biochemical mechanisms contributing to the altered coagulatory profile with COC use. A total of 78 healthy women participated in this study and were grouped as follows: control group not using oral contraceptives (n = 25), DRSP/20EE group (n = 27), and DRSP/30EE group (n = 26). Untargeted metabolomics revealed changes in amino acid concentrations, particularly a decrease in glycine and an increase in both cysteine and lanthionine in the serum, accompanied by variations in oxidative stress markers in the COC users compared with the controls. Of importance, this study is the first to link specific amino acid variations, serum metabolites, and the oxidative metabolic profile with DRSP/EE use. These molecular changes could be linked to specific biophysical coagulatory alterations observed in the same individuals. These new findings lend evidence on the metabolomic substrates of the prothrombotic state associated with COC use in women and informs future personalized/precision medicine research. Moreover, we underscore the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate venous thrombotic risk associated with COC use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albe Carina Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Odette Emmerson
- Department of Physiology and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Prashilla Soma
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Derylize Beukes
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Wang Q, Würtz P, Auro K, Morin-Papunen L, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Tiainen M, Tynkkynen T, Joensuu A, Havulinna AS, Aalto K, Salmi M, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Salomaa V, Jalkanen S, Järvelin MR, Perola M, Raitakari OT, Lawlor DA, Kettunen J, Ala-Korpela M. Effects of hormonal contraception on systemic metabolism: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1445-1457. [PMID: 27538888 PMCID: PMC5100613 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hormonal contraception is commonly used worldwide, but its systemic effects across lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acids, circulating metabolites and cytokines remain poorly understood. Methods: A comprehensive molecular profile (75 metabolic measures and 37 cytokines) was measured for up to 5841 women (age range 24–49 years) from three population-based cohorts. Women using combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) or progestin-only contraceptives (POCs) were compared with those who did not use hormonal contraception. Metabolomics profiles were reassessed for 869 women after 6 years to uncover the metabolic effects of starting, stopping and persistently using hormonal contraception. Results: The comprehensive molecular profiling allowed multiple new findings on the metabolic associations with the use of COCPs. They were positively associated with lipoprotein subclasses, including all high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses. The associations with fatty acids and amino acids were strong and variable in direction. COCP use was negatively associated with albumin and positively associated with creatinine and inflammatory markers, including glycoprotein acetyls and several growth factors and interleukins. Our findings also confirmed previous results e.g. for increased circulating triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Starting COCPs caused similar metabolic changes to those observed cross-sectionally: the changes were maintained in consistent users and normalized in those who stopped using. In contrast, POCs were only weakly associated with metabolic and inflammatory markers. Results were consistent across all cohorts and for different COCP preparations and different types of POC delivery. Conclusions: Use of COCPs causes widespread metabolic and inflammatory effects. However, persistent use does not appear to accumulate the effects over time and the metabolic perturbations are reversed upon discontinuation. POCs have little effect on systemic metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Würtz
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anni Joensuu
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aalto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland, mika.ala-korpela@com.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Massé PG, Livingstone MM, Duguay C, Beaulieu G. Testing the tyrosine/catecholamine hypothesis of oral contraceptive-induced psychological side-effects: a controlled study on triphasil. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2001; 45:102-9. [PMID: 11423701 DOI: 10.1159/000046714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to probe the existence of oral contraceptive (OC)-induced psychological side effects that might be undetectable by psychometric testing. METHODS Triphasil was administered during six complete menstrual cycles to young never-OC-users. Plasma Tyr and Trp/Sigma-respective competitor neutral amino acids (NAA) ratio and concentrations of other amino acids (AA), known to be involved in the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and the synthesis of neurotransmitters, in particular, were used as biochemical markers to assess this likelihood. Factors known to influence plasma AA concentrations such as cortisol and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, active form of vitamin B6), both modulators of AA intestinal absorption, were examined. RESULTS Dietary supply of amino acid substrates (precursors) and blood levels of coenzyme/cofactor (vitamin B6 and iron) involved were adequate in both groups and were kept constant throughout the treatment. The rise in plasma cortisol, known to be stimulated under the action of estrogen, was significant (p < 0.05) after the first menstrual cycle and remained higher (although not significantly) than mean baseline and reference normal values at the end of the 6-month OC treatment. Plasma Trp/Sigma-specific competitor NAA ratio remained unchanged whereas Tyr/Sigma-specific competitor NAA ratio was significantly (p < 0.02) reduced after the sixth artificial menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION Although plasma AA biochemical markers cannot accurately assess CNS activity, they seem to be more sensitive than a comprehensive psychometric testing (MMPI) in assessing OC-induced psychological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Massé
- Université de Moncton, Ecole de Nutrition et d'Etudes Familiales, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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