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Song EAC, Chung SH, Kim JH. Molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12969. [PMID: 38192116 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The exocrine salivary gland secretes saliva, a fundamental body component to maintain oral homeostasis. Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sjögren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca2+ -signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sjögren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca2+ /protein kinase C and cAMP/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sul-Hee Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Panevin TS, Zotkin EG, Troshina EA. [Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in adults. Focus on rheumatological aspects of the problem: A review]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:881-887. [PMID: 38159022 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions characterized by functional impairment of multiple endocrine glands due to loss of central or peripheral immune tolerance. These syndromes are also often accompanied by autoimmune damage to non-endocrine organs. Taking into account the wide range of components and variants of the disease, APS is usually divided into a rare juvenile type (APS 1) and a more common adult type (APS 2-4). APS type 1 is caused by a monogenic mutation, while APS types 2-4 have a polygenic mode of inheritance. One subtype of adult APS (APS 3D) is characterized by a combination of autoimmune thyroid disease and autoimmune rheumatic disease. This review considers the available literature data on combinations that meet the above criteria. Many studies have noted a significantly higher prevalence of rheumatic diseases in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease compared with the control group. Also, as in a number of rheumatic diseases, a more frequent occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis, primary hypothyroidism and Graves' disease was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Panevin
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
- Far Eastern State Medical University
| | - E G Zotkin
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
| | - E A Troshina
- National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology
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3
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Yang M, Delcroix V, Lennikov A, Wang N, Makarenkova HP, Dartt DA. Genomic DNA activates the AIM2 inflammasome and STING pathways to induce inflammation in lacrimal gland myoepithelial cells. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:263-275. [PMID: 37769964 PMCID: PMC11015941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that mainly attacks the lacrimal glands causing severe aqueous-deficient dry eye. Clinical evidence indicates the DNA sensing mechanism in the pathogenesis of pSS. The purpose of the present study is to determine the pro-inflammatory effect of self-genomic DNA (gDNA) on myoepithelial cells (MECs), which along with acinar and ductal cells is a major cell type of the lacrimal gland. METHOD MECs primary culture was acquired from female C57BL6J mice. Genomic DNA was extracted from the spleen of the same animal. The MECs were challenged with self-gDNA. The cytokine secretion was detected using supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activation of inflammasomes was determined using FAM-FLICA. Cryosections of NOD.B10.H2b mouse model of pSS were obtained for immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), with Balb/C as control. RESULT Treatment with gDNA activated AIM2 inflammasome assembly and function, leading to secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in MECs. The stimulation of IL-1β secretion by gDNA appeared to be solely at the post-translational level, whereas IL-18 secretion was a combination of increased protein synthesis and post-translational modification. Genomic DNA also induced the activation of STimulators of INterferon Genes (STING), which correlated to the activation of STING in the lacrimal gland from the NOD.B10.H2b mouse. STING activation led to the secretion of IFN-β via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB). The IFN-β further enhances the secretion of IL-1β. The contractility of MECs was disabled by treatment with gDNA or poly AnT, independent of the level of intracellular [Ca2+]. CONCLUSION Self-gDNA induces a proinflammatory response in lacrimal gland MECs by activating both the AIM2 inflammasome and STING and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Bogaert A, Romanò F, Cabaraux P, Feys P, Moumdjian L. Assessment and tailored physical rehabilitation approaches in persons with cerebellar impairments targeting mobility and walking according to the International Classification of Functioning: a systematic review of case-reports and case-series. Disabil Rehabil 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37639546 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2248886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebellar impairment (CI) manifests from different etiologies resulting in a heterogenic clinical presentation affecting walking and mobility. Case-reports were reviewed to provide an analytical clinical picture of persons with CI (PwCI) to differentiate cerebellar and non-cerebellar impairments and to identify interventions and assessments used to quantify impact on walking and mobility according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched in PubMed, Web Of Science and Scopus. Case-reports conducting physical rehabilitation and reporting at least one outcome measure of ataxia, gait pattern, walking or mobility were included. RESULTS 28 articles with a total of 38 different patients were included. Etiologies were clustered to: spinocerebellar degenerations, traumatic brain injuries, cerebellar tumors, stroke and miscellaneous. The interventions applied were activity-based, including gait and balance training. Participation based activities such as tai chi, climbing and dance-based therapy had positive outcomes on mobility. Outcomes on body function such as ataxia and gait pattern were only reported in 22% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive test battery to encompass the key features of a PwCI on different levels of the ICF is needed to manage heterogeneity. Measures on body function level should be included in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bogaert
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Francesco Romanò
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Cabaraux
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Lousin Moumdjian
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. VDR Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:916. [PMID: 37508347 PMCID: PMC10376382 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis is crucial for human health as it regulates the expression of genes involved in different functions, including calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, and immune responses. In particular, the vitamin D/VDR complex regulates genes of both innate and adaptive immunity. Autoimmune diseases are believed to arise from a genetic predisposition and the presence of triggers such as hormones and environmental factors. Among these, a role for Vitamin D and molecules correlated to its functions has been repeatedly suggested. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene, ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, and FokI, in particular, have been associated with autoimmune disorders. The presence of particular VDR SNP alleles and genotypes, thus, was observed to modulate the likelihood of developing diverse autoimmune conditions, either increasing or reducing it. In this work, we will review the scientific literature suggesting a role for these different factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions and summarize evidence indicating a possible VDR SNP involvement in the onset of these diseases. A better understanding of the role of the molecular mechanisms linking Vitamin D/VDR and autoimmunity might be extremely useful in designing novel therapeutic avenues for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, LAMMB, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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6
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Betterle C, Furmaniak J, Sabbadin C, Scaroni C, Presotto F. Type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-3) or type 3 multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS-3): an expanding galaxy. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:643-665. [PMID: 36609775 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of recognised distinct autoimmune diseases (AIDs) has progressively increased over the years with more than 100 being reported today. The natural history of AIDs is characterized by progression from latent and subclinical to clinical stages and is associated with the presence of the specific circulating autoantibodies. Once presented, AIDs are generally chronic conditions. AIDs have the tendency to cluster and co-occur in a single patient. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most prevalent of AIDs in the world population, and about one-third of the AITD patients also present with a non-thyroid AID during their life-span. Furthermore, patient with non-thyroid AIDs often presents with a form of AITD as a concurrent condition. Many of the clusters of AIDs are well characterized as distinctive syndromes, while some are infrequent and only described in case reports. PURPOSE In this review, we describe the wide spectrum of the combinations and the intricate relationships between AITD and the other AIDs, excluding Addison's disease. These combinations are collectively termed type 3 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (APS-3), also called type 3 Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome (MAS-3), and represent the most frequent APS in the world populations. CONCLUSIONS Numerous associations of AITD with various AIDs could be viewed as if the other AIDs were gravitating like satellites around AITD located in the center of a progressively expanding galaxy of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Betterle
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - C Sabbadin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C Scaroni
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F Presotto
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Dell'Angelo, Mestre-Venice, Italy
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7
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Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103268. [PMID: 36621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the pathological hallmark of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of exocrine glands - more specifically salivary and lacrimal glands - resulting in a diminished production of tears and saliva (sicca syndrome). The pathophysiology underscoring the mechanisms of the sicca symptoms in SS has still yet to be unraveled but recent advances have identified a cardinal role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a key player in saliva secretion as well as salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation. AQP5 expression and localization are significantly altered in salivary glands from patients and mice models of the disease, shedding light on a putative mechanism accounting for diminished salivary flow. Furthermore, aberrant expression and localization of AQP5 protein partners, such as prolactin-inducible protein and ezrin, may account for altered AQP5 localization in salivary glands from patients suffering from SS and are considered as new players in SS development. This review provides an overview of the role of AQP5 in SS salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation, focusing on its trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
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8
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He F, Liu H, Yu C. N 6-Methyladenosine Regulator-Mediated RNA Methylation Is Involved in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Immunoinfiltration. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5242287. [PMID: 36457545 PMCID: PMC9708334 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5242287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The crucial role of epigenetic regulation, especially the modifications of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A), in immunity is a current research hotspot. However, the m6A modifications in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and the immune infiltration pattern they govern remain unknown. Thus, the patterns of 23 m6A regulator-mediated RNA modifications in parotid or blood samples from pSS patients were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis in the current study. Comparing m6A regulators between control and pSS patients showed that m6A regulators are associated with pSS, and regulators also had differential correlations. Further clustering analysis and comparison of gene expression and immune cell infiltration between m6A modification patterns revealed that each modification pattern had its own unique genetic and immune profile. Multiple immune cell infiltrations were differentially expressed between the patterns. The enrichment of gene ontology between the two patterns in parotid was concentrated on RNA metabolism and processing. The KEGG pathway enrichment and weighted correlation network analysis further showed that the autophagy pathway might be involved in the m6A modification patterns in pSS. Together, these findings suggest that m6A regulators play a certain role in the immune cell infiltration of parotid tissue in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hexu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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9
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Gorodetskiy V, Vasilyev V, Sidorova Y, Biderman B, Kupryshina N, Vagida M, Ryzhikova N, Sudarikov A. Clinical Study of the Relationship between Sjögren Syndrome and T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia: Single-Center Experience. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13345. [PMID: 36362126 PMCID: PMC9656665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Sjögren syndrome (SS) and T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia remains unclear. In this paper, we report for the first time a large case series of 21 patients with primary and secondary SS associated with T-LGL leukemia. Our results suggest the importance of considering T-LGL leukemia in the diagnostic evaluation of SS patients, particularly when neutropenia occurs. We also postulate that elevated antinuclear antibody titers in patients with T-LGL leukemia indicate the need for the clinical assessment of SS. To assess whether SS affects the frequency of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene mutations in T-LGL leukemia, we examined STAT3 mutations by next-generation sequencing in two cohorts of patients: with SS-associated T-LGL leukemia and T-LGL leukemia in the setting of rheumatic diseases but without SS. While our results suggest that SS, per se, is not associated with an increased frequency of STAT3 mutations in T-LGL leukemia, further studies are needed to better assess the role of the STAT pathway in the development of concomitant SS and T-LGL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Gorodetskiy
- Department of Intensive Methods of Therapy, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Sidorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bella Biderman
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kupryshina
- Hematopoiesis Immunology Laboratory, Russian Cancer Research Center N.N. Blokhin, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Murad Vagida
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Ryzhikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Sudarikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
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Ridgewell D, Thalayasingam N, Ng WF. Sjögren's syndrome: shedding light on emerging and key drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:869-882. [PMID: 36576336 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by sicca syndrome, musculoskeletal pain, and fatigue. Extra-glandular manifestations are common and there is a markedly increased risk of lymphoma development. SS is associated with high health-economic burden driven largely by the symptom burden on patients. Currently, there is no approved disease-modifying treatment and management is based on empirical evidence. Progress in the understanding of SS pathogenesis has led to an expanding portfolio of more targeted therapies under development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the key development in targeted biological therapies in SS including emerging targets. It also highlights the challenges in therapeutic development in SS such as disease heterogeneity and defining appropriate disease assessment tools to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. EXPERT OPINION Early trials in SS failed to meet their primary outcomes which may in part due to the use of inappropriate or insensitive study endpoints. Recent trials targeting B-cells, B-T cell co-stimulation and IFN signaling have shown promising results. Development of composite endpoints including patient reported outcomes and objective disease measure may provide a more holistic approach to disease assessment. The impact of these new tools on therapeutic development that benefit patients remains to be fully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Ridgewell
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nishanthi Thalayasingam
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Musculoskeletal Theme, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Chen G, Che L, Cai X, Zhu P, Ran J. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Biomarkers and Treatment Targets in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients with Fatigue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7697558. [PMID: 35075430 PMCID: PMC8783724 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7697558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to identify the common genes, biological pathways, and treatment targets for primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with varying degrees of fatigue features. We select datasets about transcriptomic analyses of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with different degrees of fatigue features and normal controls in peripheral blood. We identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to find shared pathways and treatment targets for pSS patients with fatigue and design a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by some practical bioinformatic tools. And hub genes are detected based on the PPI network. We perform biological pathway analysis of common genes by Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Lastly, potential treatment targets for pSS patients with fatigue are found by the Enrichr platform. We discovered that 27 DEGs are identified in pSS patients with fatigue features and the severe fatigued pSS-specific gene is RTP4. DEGs are mainly localized in the mitochondria, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm and are involved in the biological process by which interferon acts on cells and cells defend themselves against viruses. Molecular functions mainly involve the process of RNA synthesis. The DEGs of pSS are involved in the signaling pathways of viruses such as hepatitis C, influenza A, measles, and EBV. Acetohexamide PC3 UP, suloctidil HL60 UP, prenylamine HL60 UP, and chlorophyllin CTD 00000324 are the four most polygenic drug molecules. PSS patients with fatigue features have specific gene regulation, and chlorophyllin may alleviate fatigue symptoms in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Jianmin Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
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12
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Luo SD, Chiu TJ, Chen WC, Wang CS. Sex Differences in Otolaryngology: Focus on the Emerging Role of Estrogens in Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168768. [PMID: 34445474 PMCID: PMC8395901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Otolaryngology (also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) diseases can be significantly affected by the level of sex hormones, which indicates that sex differences affect the manifestation, pathophysiology, and outcomes of these diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that proinflammatory responses in ENT diseases are linked to the level of sex hormones. The sex hormone receptors are present on a wide variety of immune cells; therefore, it is evident that they play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and hence affect the disease progression of ENT diseases. In this review, we focus on how sex hormones, particularly estrogens, regulate ENT diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, vocal fold polyps, thyroid cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, and head and neck cancers, from the perspectives of inflammatory responses and specialized proresolving mediator-driven resolution. This paper aims to clarify why considering sex differences in the field of basic and medical research on otolaryngology is a key component to successful therapy for both males and females in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-227-361-661 (ext. 5166)
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13
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Lee JM, Baek JS. Etiology of Epiphora. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 35:349-354. [PMID: 34237206 PMCID: PMC8521332 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze the common causes of epiphora in Korean patients and their response to subsequent management. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 180 patients who visited Kim’s Eye Hospital for epiphora between December 2017 and January 2019. This study included 320 eyes of 180 patients. Results In the 320 eyes of 180 patients, the most common etiology of epiphora was reflex tearing due to dry eye syndrome, which occurred in 167 eyes (52.19%). The other etiologies of epiphora included anatomical abnormality (68 eyes, 21.25%), multifactorial (60 eyes, 18.75%), functional epiphora (14 eyes, 4.38%), ocular surface disease (seven eyes, 2.19%), and eyelid abnormality (four eyes, 1.25%). Conclusions The most common etiology of epiphora in Korean patients was reflex tearing due to dry eye syndrome, followed by lacrimal passage abnormality, multifactorial, functional epiphora, anterior segment disease, and eyelid malposition. Most patients with reflex tearing reported improvement in their symptoms after lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Baek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Asam S, Nayar S, Gardner D, Barone F. Stromal cells in tertiary lymphoid structures: Architects of autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:184-195. [PMID: 34060101 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mediators present within the inflammatory microenvironment are able, in certain conditions, to favor the initiation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) development. TLS is organized lymphocyte clusters able to support antigen-specific immune response in non-immune organs. Importantly, chronic inflammation does not always result in TLS formation; instead, TLS has been observed to develop specifically in permissive organs, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific cues that are able to imprint the immune responses and form TLS hubs. Fibroblasts are tissue-resident cells that define the anatomy and function of a specific tissue. Fibroblast plasticity and specialization in inflammatory conditions have recently been unraveled in both immune and non-immune organs revealing a critical role for these structural cells in human physiology. Here, we describe the role of fibroblasts in the context of TLS formation and its functional maintenance in the tissue, highlighting their potential role as therapeutic disease targets in TLS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Asam
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,bNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Gardner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesca Barone
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Studying Sjögren's syndrome in mice: What is the best available model? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:245-255. [PMID: 33665074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands. The disease manifests primarily in the salivary and lacrimal glands, but other organs are also involved, leading to dry mouth, dry eyes, and other extra-glandular manifestations. Studying the disease in humans is entailed with many limitations and restrictions; therefore, the need for a proper mouse model is mandatory. SS mouse models are categorized, depending on the disease emergence into spontaneous or experimentally manipulated models. The usefulness of each mouse model varies depending on the SS features exhibited by that model; each SS model has advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In this review article, we list all the available murine models which have been used to study SS and we comment on the characteristics exhibited by each mouse model to assist scientists to select the appropriate model for their specific studies. We also recommend a murine strain that is the most relevant to the ideal SS model, based on our experience acquired during previous and current investigations.
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16
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Tenti S, Correale P, Cheleschi S, Fioravanti A, Pirtoli L. Aromatase Inhibitors-Induced Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Knowledge on Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165625. [PMID: 32781535 PMCID: PMC7460580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have radically changed the prognosis of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC) in post-menopausal women, and are a mainstay of the adjuvant therapy for BC after surgery in place of, or following, Tamoxifen. However, AIs aren't side effect-free; frequent adverse events involve the musculoskeletal system, in the form of bone loss, AI-associated arthralgia (AIA) syndrome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this narrative review, we reported the main clinical features of these three detrimental conditions, their influence on therapy adherence, the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The best-known form is the AIs-induced osteoporosis, whose molecular pathway and therapeutic possibilities were extensively investigated in the last decade. AIA syndrome is a high prevalent joint pain disorder which often determines a premature discontinuation of the therapy. Several points still need to be clarified, as a universally accepted diagnostic definition, the pathogenetic mechanisms and satisfactory management strategies. The association of AIs therapy with autoimmune diseases is of the utmost interest. The related literature has been recently expanded, but many issues remain to be explored, the first being the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tenti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89121 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Sara Cheleschi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-233471
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine-Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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17
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Kim YJ, Yeon Y, Lee WJ, Shin YU, Cho H, Sung YK, Kim DR, Lim HW, Kang MH. Comparison of MicroRNA Expression in Tears of Normal Subjects and Sjögren Syndrome Patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4889-4895. [PMID: 31752018 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Deregulated expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) in sera or salivary glands of patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) has been reported. However, none have investigated miRNAs in samples that can represent lacrimal glands. We compared the miRNAs expression in the tears of SS patients and healthy controls. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between miRNAs expression and ocular staining score (OSS). Methods Individual tear samples were collected from 18 SS patients and 8 age-matched controls. Clinical ophthalmologic assessments included Schirmer I test, tear film breakup time (tBUT), and OSS. The expression of 43 different miRNAs in tears was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and compared between the SS patients and controls. And we also compared between the three groups of control, primary SS, and secondary SS patients. The correlation between the miRNA expression and OSS was evaluated. Results The expression levels of miR-16-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-223-3p were significantly upregulated in patients with SS when compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of 10 miRNAs (miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-134-5p, miR-137, miR-302d-5p, miR-365b-3p, miR-374c-5p, miR-487b-3p) was significantly downregulated in the SS patients (P < 0.05). Eight miRNAs showed statistically significant differences between the three groups of control, primary SS and secondary SS. All 14 miRNAs with significant differences in SS patients and control group were not significantly correlated with OSSs. Conclusions The 14 differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of SS, in particular, related to autoimmunity and neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Yeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won June Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Un Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoon Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Roo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Woong Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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18
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Abughanam G, Elkashty OA, Liu Y, Bakkar MO, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extract (MSCsE)-Based Therapy Alleviates Xerostomia and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjogren's Syndrome-Like Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194750. [PMID: 31557796 PMCID: PMC6801785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests primarily in salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and eyes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for SS due to its complex etiopathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully tested for SS, but some risks and limitations remained for their clinical use. This study combined cell- and biologic-based therapies by utilizing the MSCs extract (MSCsE) to treat SS-like disease in NOD mice. We found that MSCsE and MSCs therapies were successful and comparable in preserving salivary and lacrimal glands function in NOD mice when compared to control group. Cells positive for AQP5, AQP4, α-SMA, CK5, and c-Kit were preserved. Gene expression of AQP5, EGF, FGF2, BMP7, LYZ1 and IL-10 were upregulated, and downregulated for TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP2, CASP3, and IL-1β. The proliferation rate of the glands and serum levels of EGF were also higher. Cornea integrity and epithelial thickness were maintained due to tear flow rate preservation. Peripheral tolerance was re-established, as indicated by lower lymphocytic infiltration and anti-SS-A antibodies, less BAFF secretion, higher serum IL-10 levels and FoxP3+ Treg cells, and selective inhibition of B220+ B cells. These promising results opened new venues for a safer and more convenient combined biologic- and cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abughanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Mohammed O Bakkar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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19
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Fox R, Dixon R, Guarrasi V, Krubel S. Treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome with hydroxychloroquine: a retrospective, open-label study. Lupus 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203396005001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), diagnosed according to San Diego criteria, had improvement in their laboratory or clinical features during treatment with hydroxychloroquine (6–7 mg/kg/day) for at least two years., Methods: The study population included 50 consecutive patients with primary SS who were diagnosed according to San Diego criteria, and in whom hydroxychloroquine was suggested as treatment. This group included 10 patients who were early dropouts (side effects or desire not to take antimalarial drugs) and 40 patients who received drugs for at least two years (range 24-48 months). In a subset of SS patients, values for ESR (westergren) and quantitative immunoglobulins were available for comparison. Improvement with therapy was defined as: (a) ≥20% improvement in variables of tear flow (Schirmer's test I) or corneal integrity (rose Bengal): (b) ≥20% salivary function (flow rate); and (c) improvement in at least two of the following measures: physicians assessment of global disease activity by ≥ 20%, patient assessment of improvement in pain or fatigue by ≥20%, and ESR improved by ≥20mm/ hr. Results In a retrospective study of SS patients who completed the trial, a significant improvement was noted in ocular symptoms (pain and dryness) in patients (55 and 57%) and improved corneal integrity (rose Bengal straining) in 53% of patients. The Schirmer's test was improved by ≥ 2 mm/5 minutes in 50% in patients. Improvement was noted in oral symptoms (pain and dryness) in patients (57 and 60%) and salivary flow rate was increased in 82% of patients. In a subset of SS patients evaluated, the ESR improved by ≥20mm/hr in 17/32 patients (53%) and quantitative IgG level by ≥20% in 8/13 patients (61%). Physician global assessment of overall patient status and patient assessment of overall status indicated improvement in over 62% of patients. Conclusion In a retrospective study of patients fulfilling San Diego Criteria for SS, we found: (a) sustained improvement of local symptoms (painful eyes, painful mouth) and improvement of systemic manifestations (arthralgias and myalgias) after treatment with hydroxychloroquine 6-7 mg/kg/day over mean three-year follow-up; (b) laboratory analysis showed a significant improvement in their ESR and their quantitative IgG levels; (c) no significant late toxicity was observed in this study cohort. A prospective study of hydroxychloroquine in patients fulfilling San Diego criteria for SS is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - R Dixon
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - V Guarrasi
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - S Krubel
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA
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20
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Tenti S, Giordano N, Cutolo M, Giannini F, Fioravanti A. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome during aromatase inhibitors therapy: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15052. [PMID: 30921233 PMCID: PMC6455664 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs widely used in the treatment of estrogen sensitive breast and ovarian cancer which convert testosterone to estradiol and androstenedione to estrogen. The AIs of third generation, including anastrazole, letrozole and exemestane, have actually become the standard of care of estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer in menopausal women and are recommended as adjuvant treatment after surgery in place of/or following tamoxifen. Their main side-effects include reduction in bone mineral density, occurrence of menopausal manifestations and development of musculoskeletal symptoms which are, usually, transient, but sometimes evolve into a typical form of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, a pathogenic linkage with other autoimmunity diseases, such as Sjogren syndrome (SjS), anti-synthetase antibody syndrome (ASAS), systemic sclerosis (SS) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), was also described. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we report the first case of a patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) developed during treatment with anastrazole. DIAGNOSIS The patient developed a sudden onset of speech disturbance and disorientation, due to ischemic lesions, after 6 months of AIs therapy and the laboratory examination showed the positivity of anti-Cardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 antibodies and Lupus Anticoagulant, so a certain diagnosis of APS was achieved. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with warfarin associated to hydroxychloroquine and monthly cycles of low doses intravenous immunoglobulins. OUTCOMES A good control of the disease was obtained despite the continuation of anastrazole; the patient's clinical and laboratory situation remained not modified after AIs withdrawal. LESSONS We discussed the possible role of anastrazole treatment in inducing APS in our patient, reporting the available literature data about the association between AIs treatment and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we analyzed the mechanism of action of estrogens in the pathophysiology of autoimmune rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tenti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese
| | - Nicola Giordano
- Scleroderma Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Fabio Giannini
- Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese
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21
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Omdal R, Mellgren SI, Norheim KB. Pain and fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:3099-3106. [PMID: 30815693 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue, pain and depression are common in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. These phenomena mutually affect each other and have a considerable impact on the patients' quality of life. While pain is usually regarded as a fairly somatic phenomenon, both fatigue and depression have traditionally been regarded as more-or-less of psychological origin. There is an increasing understanding that this picture is multifaceted; that there is a genetic foundation, and that biological mechanisms regulate the clinical expression through activation of evolutionary, deeply conserved neuronal pathways in the brain. This pattern is evident not only in primary Sjögren's syndrome, but also in other systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, in cancer and in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease. This article will mainly focus on the biology of pain and fatigue. We describe how these factors influence each other, and act with the overarching purpose of defending the organism against harm and danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Ivar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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22
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Bodewes ILA, van der Spek PJ, Leon LG, Wijkhuijs AJM, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Tas L, Schreurs MWJ, van Daele PLA, Katsikis PD, Versnel MA. Fatigue in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Search for Biomarkers and Treatment Targets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 30863411 PMCID: PMC6399420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, where patients often suffer from fatigue. Biological pathways underlying fatigue are unknown. In this study aptamer-based SOMAscan technology is used to identify potential biomarkers and treatment targets for fatigue in pSS. Methods: SOMAscan® Assay 1.3k was performed on serum samples of healthy controls (HCs) and pSS patients characterized for interferon upregulation and fatigue. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between pSS patients and HC or fatigued and non-fatigued pSS patients were validated and discriminatory capacity of markers was tested using independent technology. Results: Serum concentrations of over 1,300 proteins were compared between 63 pSS patients and 20 HCs resulting in 58 upregulated and 46 downregulated proteins. Additionally, serum concentrations of 30 interferon positive (IFNpos) and 30 interferon negative (IFNneg) pSS patients were compared resulting in 25 upregulated and 13 downregulated proteins. ELISAs were performed for several DEPs between pSS patients and HCs or IFNpos and IFNneg all showing a good correlation between protein levels measured by ELISA and relative fluorescence units (RFU) measured by the SOMAscan. Comparing 22 fatigued and 23 non-fatigued pSS patients, 16 serum proteins were differentially expressed, of which 14 were upregulated and 2 were downregulated. Top upregulated DEPs included neuroactive synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), alpha-enolase (ENO1) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1). Furthermore, the proinflammatory mediator IL36a and several complement factors were upregulated in fatigued compared to non-fatigued pSS patients. ROC analysis indicated that DEPs showed good capacity to discriminate fatigued and non-fatigued pSS patients. Conclusion: In this study we validated the use of aptamer-based proteomics and identified a novel set of proteins which were able to distinguish fatigued from non-fatigued pSS patients and identified a so-called “fatigue signature.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leticia G Leon
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie J M Wijkhuijs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Liselotte Tas
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Bodewes ILA, Björk A, Versnel MA, Wahren-Herlenius M. Innate immunity and interferons in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:2561-2573. [PMID: 30770713 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary SS (pSS) is a rheumatic disease characterized by an immune-mediated exocrinopathy, resulting in severe dryness of eyes and mouth. Systemic symptoms include fatigue and joint pain and a subset of patients develop more severe disease with multi-organ involvement. Accumulating evidence points to involvement of innate immunity and aberrant activity of the type I IFN system in both the initiation and propagation of this disease. Analysis of the activity of IFN-inducible genes has evidenced that more than half of pSS patients present with a so-called 'type I IFN signature'. In this review, we examine activation of the IFN system in pSS patients and how this may drive autoimmunity through various immune cells. We further discuss the clinical value of assessing IFN activity as a biomarker in pSS patients and review novel therapies targeting IFN signalling and their potential use in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albin Björk
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Dei-Adomakoh YA, Quarcoopome L, Abrahams AD, Segbefia CI, Dey DI. Sjögren's and plasma cell variant Castleman disease: a case report. Ghana Med J 2018; 52:61-65. [PMID: 30013261 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v52i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Castleman disease is a rare cause of lymphoid hyperplasia and may result in localized symptoms or an aggressive, multisystem disorder. It can mimic other diseases like lymphoma or tuberculosis. It classically presents as a mediastinal mass that involves the lymphatic tissue primarily but can also affect extra lymphatic sites including the lungs, larynx, parotid glands, pancreas, meninges, and muscles. In HIV and HHV8-negative patients with idiopathic multi-centric Castleman disease, pathogenesis may involve autoimmune mechanisms. We highlight and report a case of a 34-year-old Ghanaian female who was successfully diagnosed and managed for Sjögren's as well as plasma cell variant Castleman disease with combination chemotherapy and rituximab followed by eighteen months maintenance therapy with pulse chlorambucil and prednisolone and three monthly rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A Dei-Adomakoh
- Department of Haematology, University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, PO Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Afua D Abrahams
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, PO Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Catherine I Segbefia
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana School of Medicine & Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dzifa I Dey
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
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25
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Simultaneous Occurrence of Rosai-Dorfman Disease and Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma in a Patient with Sjögren's Syndrome. Case Rep Hematol 2018; 2018:7930823. [PMID: 30305966 PMCID: PMC6165590 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7930823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an exceptionally rare case of co-occurrence of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) and nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) in a 60-year-old Caucasian female with a 20-year course of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In response to treatment for lymphoma, the patient presented a short positive response, followed by a rapid progression of the disease accompanied by the development of the peripheral facial nerve palsy. We failed to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the NMZL/RDD sample by EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization but identified genomic DNA of EBV by polymerase chain reaction. A second biopsy revealed EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified. The identical clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in the NMZL and DLBCL pointed to their clonal relationship. Though the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of some lymphomas is well-known, there have been only few cases of EBV-induced transformation of low-grade B-cell lymphoma into high-grade lymphoma and no cases of a patient with an NMZL background. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a concomitant occurrence of RDD and NMZL in a SS patient.
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Bodewes ILA, Versnel MA. Interferon activation in primary Sjögren's syndrome: recent insights and future perspective as novel treatment target. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:817-829. [PMID: 30173581 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1519396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases. At the moment, there is no cure for this disease and its etiopathology is complex. Interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease and are a potential treatment target. Areas covered: Here we discuss the role of IFNs in pSS pathogenesis, complications encountered upon studying IFN-induced gene expression, and comment on the current knowledge on easy clinical applicable 'IFN signatures'. The current treatment options targeting IFNs in pSS are summarized and the perspective of potential new strategies discussed. Expert commentary: The authors provide their perspective on the role of IFNs in pSS and how this knowledge could be used to improve pSS diagnosis, provide new treatment targets, to monitor clinical trials and to stratify pSS patients in order to move toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- a Department of Immunology , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- a Department of Immunology , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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Jones A, Cotton A, Guinto J, Wilton J, Ciurtin C. Outcome measures of disease activity for rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018; 79:396-401. [PMID: 29995544 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.7.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, myositis and Sjögren's syndrome are rare, complex, multi-systemic rheumatic diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thorough assessments of disease activity are required to guide clinical management and assess response to new therapies in clinical trials. This article reviews the commonly used outcome measures to assess this group of diseases and discusses the limitations of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Jones
- Senior Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London NW1 2PQ
| | - Alice Cotton
- Clinical Research Nurse, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London
| | - Jesusa Guinto
- Clinical Research Nurse, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London
| | - James Wilton
- Clinical Trial Coordinator, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Consultant, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London
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Bodewes ILA, Al-Ali S, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Maria NI, Tarn J, Lendrem DW, Schreurs MWJ, Steenwijk EC, van Daele PLA, Both T, Bowman SJ, Griffiths B, Ng WF, Versnel MA. Systemic interferon type I and type II signatures in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveal differences in biological disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:921-930. [PMID: 29474655 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the relationships between systemic IFN type I (IFN-I) and II (IFN-II) activity and disease manifestations in primary SS (pSS). Methods RT-PCR of multiple IFN-induced genes followed by principal component analysis of whole blood RNA of 50 pSS patients was used to identify indicator genes of systemic IFN-I and IFN-II activities. Systemic IFN activation levels were analysed in two independent European cohorts (n = 86 and 55, respectively) and their relationships with clinical features were analysed. Results Three groups could be stratified according to systemic IFN activity: IFN inactive (19-47%), IFN-I (53-81%) and IFN-I + II (35-55%). No patient had isolated IFN-II activation. IgG levels were highest in patients with IFN-I + II, followed by IFN-I and IFN inactive patients. The prevalence of anti-SSA and anti-SSB was higher among those with IFN activation. There was no difference in total-EULAR SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) or ClinESSDAI between the three subject groups. For individual ESSDAI domains, only the biological domain scores differed between the three groups (higher among the IFN active groups). For patient reported outcomes, there were no differences in EULAR Sjögren's syndrome patient reported index (ESSPRI), fatigue or dryness between groups, but pain scores were lower in the IFN active groups. Systemic IFN-I but not IFN-I + II activity appeared to be relatively stable over time. Conclusions Systemic IFN activation is associated with higher activity only in the ESSDAI biological domain but not in other domains or the total score. Our data raise the possibility that the ESSDAI biological domain score may be a more sensitive endpoint for trials targeting either IFN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shereen Al-Ali
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | | | - Naomi I Maria
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Tarn
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dennis W Lendrem
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline C Steenwijk
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Both
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bridget Griffiths
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Background Dry eye is a common problem that affects many people worldwide, reducing quality of life and impacting daily activities. A qualitative approach often used in medicine and other disciplines is used to evaluate how people with dry eye cope with this impact. Methods Six focus group sessions were conducted at the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), premises of an eye research institute. These focus groups consist of a spectrum of dry eye sufferers (30 women, 8 men, aged 61 ± 11.8 years). Standard methods of coding followed by determination of themes were adhered to. Where classification was difficult, consensus was made between 3 assessors. Results Audio-recorded transcripts were coded in 10 themes by 3 assessors independently. Four of the themes involved traditional measures such as lid warming, cleansing, lubrication and oral dietary supplements. The other themes discovered were Traditional Chinese Medicine, modification of eye-care habits (e.g. wearing sunglasses), environmental humidity, lifestyle (e.g. sleeping habits), psychological attitude, and lastly sharing and communication. Conclusion Holistic coping strategies were found to be prominent in dry eye sufferers from these focus groups, and people tend to find personalised ways of coping with the impact of dry eye on daily living. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-018-0671-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Yeo
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cornea and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore. .,Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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30
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Maria NI, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Brkic Z, Paulissen SMJ, Steenwijk EC, Dalm VA, van Daele PL, Martin van Hagen P, Kroese FGM, van Roon JAG, Harkin A, Dik WA, Drexhage HA, Lubberts E, Versnel MA. Association of Increased Treg Cell Levels With Elevated Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity and an Imbalanced Kynurenine Pathway in Interferon-Positive Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1688-99. [PMID: 26866723 DOI: 10.1002/art.39629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan to kynurenine, is driven in part by type I and type II interferons (IFNs). Naive T cells are polarized into FoxP3+ Treg cells upon exposure to either IDO+ cells or kynurenine. Recent studies have suggested that the kynurenine pathway reflects a crucial interface between the immune and nervous system. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether Treg cell levels are elevated, in conjunction with increased IDO activity, in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) who are positive for the IFN gene expression signature, and to investigate the downstream kynurenine pathway in these patients. METHODS Serum from 71 healthy controls, 58 IFN-negative patients with primary SS, and 66 IFN-positive patients with primary SS was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the levels of tryptophan and kynurenine. Expression levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IDO and downstream enzymes in the kynurenine pathway were assessed in CD14+ monocytes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CD4+CD45RO+ T helper memory cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Significantly increased levels of IDO activity (assessed as the kynurenine:tryptophan ratio) (P = 0.0054) and percentages of CD25(high) FoxP3+ Treg cells (P = 0.039) were observed in the serum from IFN-positive patients with primary SS, and these parameters were significantly correlated with one another (r = 0.511, P = 0.002). In circulating monocytes from IFN-positive patients with primary SS, the expression of IDO1 mRNA was up-regulated (P < 0.0001), and this was correlated with the IFN gene expression score (r = 0.816, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, the proapoptotic and neurotoxic downstream enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase was up-regulated (P = 0.0057), whereas kynurenine aminotransferase I (KATI) (P = 0.0003), KATIII (P = 0.016), and KATIV (P = 0.04) were down-regulated in IFN-positive patients with primary SS compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate enhanced IDO activity in conjunction with increased percentages of CD25(high) FoxP3+ Treg cells in primary SS patients who carry the IFN signature. In addition, IFN-positive patients with primary SS exhibit an imbalanced kynurenine pathway, with evidence of a shift toward potentially more proapoptotic and neurotoxic metabolites. Intervening in these IFN- and IDO-induced immune system imbalances may offer a new array of possibilities for therapeutic interventions in patients with primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zana Brkic
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frans G M Kroese
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew Harkin
- Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Willem A Dik
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Oftedal BE, Marthinussen MC, Erichsen MM, Tveitarås MK, Kjellesvik-Kristiansen A, Hammenfors D, Jonsson MV, Kisand K, Jonsson R, Wolff ASB. Impaired salivary gland activity in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:211-222. [PMID: 28686485 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1344972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-I) is a severe disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. We hypothesized that salivary gland dysfunction could be a possible unexplored component of these patients and here aimed to investigate salivary and lachrymal symptoms in the Norwegian cohort of APS-I patients (N = 41) and the aetiology behind it. Sicca symptoms and possible corresponding underlying factors were assessed by subjective reports combined with objective measures of saliva and tear flow, serological testing, immune fluorescence microscopy, ultrasonography and searching for putative autoantibodies in the salivary glands. In addition, defensin and anti-defensin levels were analysed in patients and compared with healthy controls. Our results indicate mild salivary and/or lachrymal gland dysfunction manifesting in low saliva or tear flow in a total of 62% of APS-I patients. Serum IgG from 9 of 12 patients bound to targets in salivary gland biopsy slides, although the specificity and pattern of binding varied. There was no reactivity against known Sjögren-associated autoantigens in sera from APS-I patients using quantitative methods, but 11% were ANA positive by immunofluorescence microscopy. We identified several putative autoantigens in one patient, although none of these were verified as APS-I specific. We conclude that impaired salivary gland activity is part of the clinical picture of APS-I and our findings could indicate an autoimmune aetiology. We further show that APS-I patients have an altered antimicrobial signature in both sera and saliva, which requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergithe E Oftedal
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | | | - Martina M Erichsen
- c Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Maria K Tveitarås
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | | | - Daniel Hammenfors
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
- d Department of Rheumatology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Malin V Jonsson
- e Department of Clinical Dentistry , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Kai Kisand
- f Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Roland Jonsson
- d Department of Rheumatology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
- g Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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Espitia-Thibault A, Masseau A, Néel A, Espitia O, Toquet C, Mussini JM, Hamidou M. Sjögren's syndrome-associated myositis with germinal centre-like structures. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:154-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Both T, Dalm VASH, van Hagen PM, van Daele PLA. Reviewing primary Sjögren's syndrome: beyond the dryness - From pathophysiology to diagnosis and treatment. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:191-200. [PMID: 28367079 PMCID: PMC5370281 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the secretory glands. This process leads to sicca syndrome, which is the combination of dryness of the eyes, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and/or vagina. Extraglandular manifestations may also be prevalent in patients with pSS, including cutaneous, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, renal, hematological and neurological involvement. The pathogenesis of pSS is currently not well understood, but increased activation of B cells followed by immune complex formation and autoantibody production are thought to play important roles. pSS is diagnosed using the American-European consensus group (AECG) classification criteria which include subjective symptoms and objective tests such as histopathology and serology. The treatment of pSS warrants an organ based approach, for which local treatment (teardrops, moistures) and systemic therapy (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) and biologicals) can be considered. Biologicals used in the treatment of pSS mainly affect the total numbers of B cells (B cell depletion (Rituximab)) or target proteins required for B cell proliferation and/or activation (e.g. B cell activating factor (BAFF)) resulting in decreased B cell activity. The aim of this review is to provide physicians a general overview concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Both
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology;; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology;; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology;; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bilateral Lacrimal Gland Lymphoma in Sjögren Syndrome. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2016; 2016:2798304. [PMID: 27738539 PMCID: PMC5050356 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2798304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 31-year-old female with Primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) presented with bilateral puffiness around the eye for 3 years. The lacrimal glands were hypertrophic and edematous bilaterally. Schirmer 1 score was 2 and 1 mm and tear-film break-up time was 3 and 4 seconds, in the right and the left eyes, respectively. An incisional biopsy from the left lacrimal gland revealed diffuse and intense CD20, CD5, and bcl-2 positivity with negative cyclin D1 and CD23 which supported lymphoma. Upon haematology consultation extranodal marginal zone lymphoma diagnosis was made. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and methyl prednisolone) treatment was initiated. In conclusion, pSS is a well known autoimmune disease in which increased rate of lymphoma is present. Early detection with histopathologic confirmation and multidisciplinary approach with ophthalmology, rheumatology, and haematology are mandatory in these patients.
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Malcolm TIM, Hodson DJ, Macintyre EA, Turner SD. Challenging perspectives on the cellular origins of lymphoma. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.160232. [PMID: 27683157 PMCID: PMC5043587 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both B and T lymphocytes have signature traits that set them apart from other cell types. They actively and repeatedly rearrange their DNA in order to produce a unique and functional antigen receptor, they have potential for massive clonal expansion upon encountering antigen via this receptor or its precursor, and they have the capacity to be extremely long lived as ‘memory’ cells. All three of these traits are fundamental to their ability to function as the adaptive immune response to infectious agents, but concurrently render these cells vulnerable to transformation. Thus, it is classically considered that lymphomas arise at a relatively late stage in a lymphocyte's development during the process of modifying diversity within antigen receptors, and when the cell is capable of responding to stimulus via its receptor. Attempts to understand the aetiology of lymphoma have reinforced this notion, as the most notable advances to date have shown chronic stimulation of the antigen receptor by infectious agents or self-antigens to be key drivers of these diseases. Despite this, there is still uncertainty about the cell of origin in some lymphomas, and increasing evidence that a subset arises in a more immature cell. Specifically, a recent study indicates that T-cell lymphoma, in particular nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase-driven anaplastic large cell lymphoma, may originate in T-cell progenitors in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim I M Malcolm
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Lab Block Level 3, Box 231, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Macintyre
- Hematology and INSERM1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité at Descartes and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75743 Cedex 15, France
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Lab Block Level 3, Box 231, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Thompson N, Isenberg DA, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. Exploring BAFF: its expression, receptors and contribution to the immunopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1548-55. [PMID: 26790457 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SS is an autoimmune condition characterized by exocrine gland destruction, autoantibody production, immune complex deposition and systemic complications associated with lymphocytic infiltration of many organs. Genetic, environmental and viral factors play a role in disease aetiology, however, the exact mechanisms driving the immunopathogenesis of SS remain uncertain. Here we discuss a role for B cell activating factor (BAFF), whereby B cell hyperactivity and increased BAFF secretion observed in patients and animal models of the disease can be explained by the altered expression of cell-specific BAFF/BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) variants in several immune cell types. Understanding the role of BAFF/BAFF-R heterogeneity in SS pathogenesis could help to facilitate new treatment strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolyn Thompson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Abstract
The genes associated with Sjögren syndrome (SS) can be assigned to the NF-kB pathway, the IFN signaling pathway, lymphocyte signaling, and antigen presentation. The frequencies of risk variants show they are common with modest genetic effects. The strongest genetic association outside the human leukocyte antigen region is in IRF5, a gene relevant in the IFN signaling pathway and for B cell differentiation. Although no association has been found with the NF-kB gene itself, associations in TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 (both genome-wide significant), VCAM1 and IRAK1BP (both suggestive), point to genetic explanations for dysregulation of the NF-kB pathway in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Ragna Reksten
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, The Laboratory Building, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, MBSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, MBSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Liver in a Patient with Sjogren Syndrome. Case Rep Oncol Med 2016; 2016:2053257. [PMID: 26998372 PMCID: PMC4779823 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2053257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has the highest incidence of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders transformation among autoimmune diseases. We present a case of extranodal high grade lymphoma of the liver in a 52-year-old patient with long history of SS. Lymphoma manifested with sharp significant pain in the right hypochondrium, weakness, and profuse night sweats. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (CT-scan) of the abdomen revealed multiple low density foci with homogeneous structure and clear contours in both lobes of the liver. Histologically, proliferation of medium sized lymphoma cells with round-oval and slightly irregular nuclei with fine chromatin was shown. Immunohistochemical and molecular features of the tumors allowed diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To exclude secondary liver lesion by non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chest and small pelvis CT-scan, endoscopy of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and study of bone marrow were performed. After 8 cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), the complete remission was achieved, which persists after 45 months of follow-up. Primary hepatic lymphomas are extremely rare, and previously only low-grade hepatic lymphomas have been described in SS. To our knowledge, the patient described here represents the first reported case of DLBCL with primary liver involvement in SS.
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Anitua E, Muruzabal F, Tayebba A, Riestra A, Perez VL, Merayo-Lloves J, Orive G. Autologous serum and plasma rich in growth factors in ophthalmology: preclinical and clinical studies. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e605-14. [PMID: 25832910 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of blood derivatives represents an alternative therapeutic approach that is gaining interest in regenerative medicine due to its potential to stimulate and accelerate tissue healing. Autologous serum eye drops and platelet-enriched plasma eye drops are being used in the treatment of different ophthalmological disorders. In this review, we summarize the different blood-derived formulations used in the treatment and care of ocular surface disorders. The biological basis and use of autologous serum and plasma rich in growth factors are deeply evaluated as well as the challenges to be addressed in the future in this new generation of blood-derived therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Tayebba
- Microbiology & Immunology; Walter G. Ross Chair in Ophthalmic Research; Ocular Surface Center; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Ana Riestra
- Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute; Eye Research Foundation; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Victor L. Perez
- Microbiology & Immunology; Walter G. Ross Chair in Ophthalmic Research; Ocular Surface Center; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Jesus Merayo-Lloves
- Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute; Eye Research Foundation; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
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40
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Maria NI, Vogelsang P, Versnel MA. The clinical relevance of animal models in Sjögren's syndrome: the interferon signature from mouse to man. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:172. [PMID: 26137972 PMCID: PMC4490668 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have been widely used to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases. The advantages of using these models include the ability to study different stages of the disease with particular respect to specific target organs, to focus on the role of specific pathogenic factors and to investigate the effect of possible therapeutic interventions. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterised by lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary and lacrimal glands. To date, effective therapy is not available and treatment has been mainly symptomatic. Ongoing studies in murine models are aimed at developing more effective and targeted therapies in SS. The heterogeneity of SS will most probably benefit from optimising therapies, tailored to specific subgroups of the disease. In this review, we provide our perspective on the importance of subdividing SS patients according to their interferon signature, and recommend choosing appropriate mouse models for interferon-positive and interferon-negative SS subtypes. Murine models better resembling human-disease phenotypes will be essential in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi I Maria
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra Vogelsang
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Prospective Study of Ocular Manifestations of Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid Identifies a High Prevalence of Dry Eye Syndrome. Cornea 2015; 34:443-8. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Yaciuk JC, Pan Y, Schwarz K, Pan ZJ, Maier-Moore JS, Kosanke SD, Lawrence C, Farris AD. Defective selection of thymic regulatory T cells accompanies autoimmunity and pulmonary infiltrates in Tcra-deficient mice double transgenic for human La/Sjögren's syndrome-B and human La-specific TCR. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:1514-22. [PMID: 25582858 PMCID: PMC4323622 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A human La/Sjögren's syndrome-B (hLa)-specific TCR/hLa neo-self-Ag double-transgenic (Tg) mouse model was developed and used to investigate cellular tolerance and autoimmunity to the ubiquitous RNA-binding La Ag often targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. Extensive thymic clonal deletion of CD4(+) T cells occurred in H-2(k/k) double-Tg mice presenting high levels of the I-E(k)-restricted hLa T cell epitope. In contrast, deletion was less extensive in H-2(k/b) double-Tg mice presenting lower levels of the epitope, and some surviving thymocytes were positively selected as thymic regulatory T cells (tTreg). These mice remained serologically tolerant to hLa and healthy. H-2(k/b) double-Tg mice deficient of all endogenous Tcra genes, a deficiency known to impair Treg development and function, produced IgG anti-hLa autoantibodies and displayed defective tTreg development. These autoimmune mice had interstitial lung disease characterized by lymphocytic aggregates containing Tg T cells with an activated, effector memory phenotype. Salivary gland infiltrates were notably absent. Thus, expression of nuclear hLa Ag induces thymic clonal deletion and tTreg selection, and lymphocytic infiltration of the lung is a consequence of La-specific CD4(+) T cell autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Yaciuk
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Yujun Pan
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Karen Schwarz
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Zi-Jian Pan
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jacen S Maier-Moore
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Stanley D Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Christina Lawrence
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
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Hernández-Molina G, Vargas-Alarcón G, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Martínez-Rodríguez N, Lima G, Sánchez-Guerrero J. High-resolution HLA analysis of primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome: a common immunogenetic background in Mexican patients. Rheumatol Int 2014; 35:643-9. [PMID: 25261962 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To compare the distribution of HLA-A, B, DRB1 and DQB1 alleles among Mexican patients with primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS), secondary SS (sSS), connective tissue disease (CTD) without (w/o) SS and historical ethnically healthy controls. We included 28 pSS, 30 sSS, 96 CTD w/o SS patients and 234 controls. HLA-A, B, DRB1 and DQB1 were amplified and sequenced using the Allele SEQR Sequenced Based Typing Kits and analyzed on the ABI Prism*3130 DNA Analyzer using the Assign software. Gene frequencies were obtained by direct counting. Contingence tables of 2 × 2 were generated and analyzed by the Mantel-Haenzel χ (2) or Fisher's test (EPIINFO program). We reported odds ratios (OR) and corrected p values. SS patients showed increased frequencies of A*68:01 and DRB1*14:06 alleles when compared to CTD w/o SS (OR 4.43, 95 % CI 1.35-14.14, p = 0.007 and OR 14, 95 % CI 1.68-116, p = 0.001, respectively) and a higher prevalence of DRB1*01:01 (OR 5.9, 95 % CI 2.13-16.56, p = 0.003) and HLA-B*35:01 (OR 3.70, 95 % CI 1.92-7.12, p = 0.004) when compared with controls. pSS patients had a higher frequency of DRB1*14:06 allele than sSS (OR 16, 95 % CI 1.59-390, p = 0.001). Anti-Ro/SSA positivity was associated with B*51:01 (OR 10.11, 95 % CI 1.09-245, p = 0.02) and DRB1*03:01 alleles (OR 4.26, 95 % CI 1.01-18.89, p = 0.029), whereas the A*01:01 allele was associated with anti-La/SSB positivity (OR 4.75, 95 % CI 1.32-16.92, p = 0.003). In our population, the DRB1*14:06 allele was associated with primary and secondary SS implying that both varieties bear a similar immunogenetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hernández-Molina
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Schultz C. Safety and efficacy of cyclosporine in the treatment of chronic dry eye. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND EYE DISEASES 2014; 6:37-42. [PMID: 25002818 PMCID: PMC4076204 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dry-eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Various factors, including age, hormonal status, genetics, sex, immune status, innervation status, nutrition, pathogens, and environmental stress, can alter the cellular and molecular structure or function of components of the ocular surface system. The resulting imbalance increases susceptibility to desiccation and epithelial damage, leading to a vicious circle in which inflammation amplifies and sustains further damage by chronic deregulation of the system. Lubricating agents and steroids have been used as treatment options. However, as the causes of the disease become better elucidated, the more chemically complex cyclosporine A has become an increasingly useful treatment option and in the United States is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescription drug for the treatment of dry eye. The safety and efficacy of cyclosporine have been shown in numerous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada ; Biogram Inc., Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, USA
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Brkic Z, Versnel MA. Type I IFN signature in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:457-67. [PMID: 24450331 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.876364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates in salivary and lacrimal glands. Clinical manifestations range from ocular and oral dryness to vasculitis and severe fatigue. pSS is a disease with heterogeneous symptoms and a variable response to the available treatment. Recently, a key role for Interferon (IFN) type I has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pSS. As type I IFN consists of 17 different subtypes, it cannot be easily assessed using a conventional ELISA. Therefore the expression of type I IFN inducible genes--the so-called type I IFN signature--is assessed in salivary gland tissue and blood from patients as a readout for type I IFN activity. In this review we discuss the potential of type I IFN as a novel biomarker for disease activity, subclassification of patients, prediction of therapy response and most importantly as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Brkic
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Room NA 1107, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liang D, Lu J, Guo A. Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied with interstitial cystitis: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:1189-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ciçek OF, Bayram NA, Ayhan H, Erten S, Aslan AN, Sarı C, Ozen MB, Bİlen E, Bastuğ S, Durmaz T, Keleş T, Bozkurt E. Assessment of the relationship between aortic stiffness and left ventricular functions with echocardiography in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 17:658-63. [PMID: 24330340 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Capable of multi-organ involvement in Sjogren's syndrome (SS), cardiac findings of pulmonary effusion, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension are seen in patients with SS. Aortic stiffness (AS) reflects the mechanical tension and elasticity of the aorta. In this study, our aim is to determine if there is any differences in AS and left ventricular function between patients diagnosed as SS and healthy control groups. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 50 patients with SS and 47 healthy volunteers with similar demographic characteristics. It was found that isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and deceleration time (DT) were significantly longer and early diastolic wave (E) was significantly lower in patients with SS, but there was no difference in the other parameters. When tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) findings were compared between the two groups, it was found that myocardial systolic wave (Sm), myocardial early diastolic wave (Em) and Em/Am ratio were significantly lower, and myocardial isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRTm) and myocardial performance index (MPI) values were significantly higher in patients with SS. A significant positive correlations between aortic strain and Sm (r = 0.35, P < 0.001), Em (r = 0.42, P < 0.001) and Em/Am (r = 0.26, P = 0.008) and negative correlations in IVRTm (r = -0.36, P < 0.001) and MPI (r = -0.24, P = 0.01) were detected. A significant positive correlation between aortic distensibility and Sm (r = 0.36, P < 0.001), Em (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), Em/Am (r = 0.26, P = 0.009) and negative correlation of IVRTm (r = -0.22, P = 0.02) were determined. CONCLUSION There is a significant relationship between AS and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with SS in this study. The parameters of aortic elasticity measured by 2D echocardiographic methods can be beneficial in predicting early cardiovascular risk in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Ciçek
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Tzarouchi LC, Zikou AK, Tsifetaki N, Astrakas LG, Konitsiotis S, Voulgari P, Drosos A, Argyropoulou MI. White matter water diffusion changes in primary Sjögren syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:680-5. [PMID: 24184520 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histopathologic studies have demonstrated WM damage in primary Sjögren syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate WM microstructural changes by use of DTI-derived parameters in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS DTI was performed in 19 patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (age, 64.73 ± 9.1 years; disease duration, 11.5 ± 7.56 years) and 16 age-matched control subjects. Exclusion criteria were a history of major metabolic, neurologic, or psychiatric disorder and high risk for cardiovascular disease. Data were analyzed by use of tract-based spatial statistics, for which the WM skeleton was created, and a permutation-based inference with 5000 permutations was used with a threshold of P < .01, corrected for multiple comparisons to enable identification of abnormalities in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity. RESULTS Tract-based spatial statistics showed decreased fractional anisotropy in multiple areas in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome compared with control subjects, located mainly in the corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Increased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity and decreased axial diffusivity were observed in most of the fiber tracts of the brain in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome, compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Patients with primary Sjögren syndrome show loss of WM microstructural integrity, probably related to both Wallerian degeneration and demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Tzarouchi
- From the Departments of Radiology (L.C.T., A.K.Z., M.I.A.)
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Martinez Sanchez LM, Cardona Velez J, Vargas Grisales N, Rojas Londoño J, Rodríguez Gázquez MDLÁ. Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren concomitante a artritis reumatoide. MEDUNAB 2013. [DOI: 10.29375/01237047.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
El Síndrome de Sjögren es una enfermedad crónica autoinmune en la cual se ven alteradas las glándulas mucosas del organismo, caracterizada principalmente por sequedad oral (xerostomía) y ocular (xeroftalmia). Objetivo. Describir el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes con Sjögren concomitante a Artritis Reumatoide en una Clínica privada de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia. 2005- 2010. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo del tipo de series clínicas en el que se estudiaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes atendidos por Sjögren concomitante a Artritis Reumatoide en una clínica privada de Medellín-Colombia. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS, a las variables cuantitativas se les calculó el promedio y la desviación estándar, además de los valores mínimo y máximo, y a las variables cualitativas se les estimó proporciones. Resultados. Se estudiaron 23 pacientes los cuales tenían una edad mediana de 55 años y 91.3% eran del sexo femenino. Los síntomas más frecuentemente reportados fueron la xerostomía y la xeroftalmia con un 69.6% y 56.5% respectivamente. Los métodos más empleados para el diagnóstico fueron el Factor Reumatoideo (78.3%) y los anticuerpos antinucleares (69.6%), mientras que los principales medicamentos empleados fueron la cloroquina y la Prednisolona (cada uno con 52.2%). Conclusión. Sjögren concomitante a Artritis fue encontrado más comúnmente en el sexo femenino. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron la xerostomía y xeroftalmia y la mediana del tiempo de diagnóstico fue de 61 meses. Es necesario seguir ahondando en el tema para caracterizar mejor aquellos pacientes con Sjögren y otra enfermedad inmunológica de base.
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Shen L, Suresh L, Malyavantham K, Kowal P, Xuan J, Lindemann MJ, Ambrus JL. Different Stages of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Involving Lymphotoxin and Type 1 IFN. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:608-13. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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