1
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Nanes BA, Bhatt K, Azarova E, Rajendran D, Munawar S, Isogai T, Dean KM, Danuser G. Shifts in keratin isoform expression activate motility signals during wound healing. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2759-2771.e11. [PMID: 39002537 PMCID: PMC11496015 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments confer structural stability to epithelial tissues, but the reason this simple mechanical function requires a protein family with 54 isoforms is not understood. During skin wound healing, a shift in keratin isoform expression alters the composition of keratin filaments. If and how this change modulates cellular functions that support epidermal remodeling remains unclear. We report an unexpected effect of keratin isoform variation on kinase signal transduction. Increased expression of wound-associated keratin 6A, but not of steady-state keratin 5, potentiated keratinocyte migration and wound closure without compromising mechanical stability by activating myosin motors to increase contractile force generation. These results substantially expand the functional repertoire of intermediate filaments from their canonical role as mechanical scaffolds to include roles as isoform-tuned signaling scaffolds that organize signal transduction cascades in space and time to influence epithelial cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Nanes
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kushal Bhatt
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Azarova
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sabahat Munawar
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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2
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Chai AC, Siegwart DJ, Wang RC. Nucleic Acid Therapy for the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)02062-1. [PMID: 39269387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of the genes and mechanisms for many inherited skin diseases. Although targeted nucleic acid therapeutics for diseases in other organs have begun to be deployed in patients, the goal of precise therapeutics for skin diseases has not yet been realized. First, we review the current and emerging nucleic acid-based gene-editing and delivery modalities. Next, current and emerging viral and nanoparticle vehicles for the delivery of gene therapies are reviewed. Finally, specific skin diseases that could benefit optimally from nucleic acid therapies are highlighted. By adopting the latest technologies and addressing specific barriers related to skin biology, nucleic acid therapeutics have the potential to revolutionize treatments for patients with skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Chai
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harmon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Richard C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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3
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Nyström JH, Heikkilä TRH, Thapa K, Pulli I, Törnquist K, Toivola DM. Colonocyte keratins stabilize mitochondria and contribute to mitochondrial energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G438-G453. [PMID: 38860856 PMCID: PMC11427106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00220.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments form dynamic filamentous networks, which provide mechanical stability, scaffolding, and protection against stress to epithelial cells. Keratins and other intermediate filaments have been increasingly linked to the regulation of mitochondrial function and homeostasis in different tissues and cell types. While deletion of keratin 8 (K8-/-) in mouse colon elicits a colitis-like phenotype, epithelial hyperproliferation, and blunted mitochondrial ketogenesis, the role of K8 in colonocyte mitochondrial function and energy metabolism is unknown. We used two K8 knockout mouse models and CRISPR/Cas9 K8-/- colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells to answer this question. The results show that K8-/- colonocyte mitochondria in vivo are smaller and rounder and that mitochondrial motility is increased in K8-/- Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, K8-/- Caco-2 cells displayed diminished mitochondrial respiration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential compared with controls, whereas glycolysis was not affected. The levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex proteins and mitochondrial regulatory proteins mitofusin-2 and prohibitin were decreased both in vitro in K8-/- Caco-2 cells and in vivo in K8-/- mouse colonocytes, and reexpression of K8 into K8-/- Caco-2 cells normalizes the mitofusin-2 levels. Mitochondrial Ca2+ is an important regulator of mitochondrial energy metabolism and homeostasis, and Caco-2 cells lacking K8 displayed decreased levels and altered dynamics of mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasmic Ca2+. In summary, these novel findings attribute an important role for colonocyte K8 in stabilizing mitochondrial shape and movement and maintaining mitochondrial respiration and Ca2+ signaling. Further, how these metabolically compromised colonocytes are capable of hyperproliferating presents an intriguing question for future studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we show that colonocyte intermediate filament protein keratin 8 is important for stabilizing mitochondria and maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism, as keratin 8-deficient colonocytes display smaller, rounder, and more motile mitochondria, diminished mitochondrial respiration, and altered Ca2+ dynamics. Changes in fusion-regulating proteins are rescued with reexpression of keratin 8. These alterations in colonocyte mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to keratin 8-associated colitis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Nyström
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina R H Heikkilä
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Keshav Thapa
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilari Pulli
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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4
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Coelho-Rato LS, Parvanian S, Andrs Salajkova S, Medalia O, Eriksson JE. Intermediate filaments at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261386. [PMID: 39206824 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) comprise a large family of versatile cytoskeletal proteins, divided into six subtypes with tissue-specific expression patterns. IFs have a wide repertoire of cellular functions, including providing structural support to cells, as well as active roles in mechanical support and signaling pathways. Consequently, defects in IFs are associated with more than 100 diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we discuss the established classes of IFs and their general features, their functions beyond structural support, and recent advances in the field. We also highlight their involvement in disease and potential use as clinical markers of pathological conditions. Finally, we provide our view on current knowledge gaps and the future directions of the IF field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila S Coelho-Rato
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sepideh Parvanian
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarka Andrs Salajkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John E Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Euro-Bioimaging ERIC, 20520 Turku, Finland
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5
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Baardman R, Lemmink HH, Yenamandra VK, Commandeur-Jan SZ, Viel M, Kooi KA, Diercks GFH, Meijer R, van Geel M, Scheffer H, Sinke RJ, Sikkema-Raddatz B, Bolling MC, van den Akker PC. Evolution of genome diagnostics in epidermolysis bullosa: Unveiling the power of next-generation sequencing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38465480 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome diagnostics is considered gold standard diagnostics for epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by blistering and wounding of mucocutaneous tissues. EB is caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the dermo-epidermal junction. Accurate genetic diagnosis of EB is crucial for prognostication, counselling and precision-medicine. Genome diagnostics for EB started in 1991 with the introduction of Sanger sequencing (SS), analysing one gene at a time. In 2013, SS was superseded by next-generation sequencing (NGS), that allow for high-throughput sequencing of multiple genes in parallel. Several studies have shown a beneficial role for NGS in EB diagnostics, but its true benefit has not been quantified. OBJECTIVES To determine the benefit of NGS in EB by systematically evaluating the performance of different genome diagnostics used over time based on robust data from the Dutch EB Registry. METHODS The diagnostic performances of SS and NGS were systematically evaluated in a retrospective observational study including all index cases with a clinical diagnosis of EB in whom genome diagnostics was performed between 01 January 1994 and 01 January 2022 (n = 308), registered at the Dutch EB Expertise Centre. RESULTS Over time, a genetic diagnosis was made in 289/308 (94%) EB cases. The diagnostic yield increased from 89% (SS) to 95% (NGS). Most importantly, NGS significantly reduced diagnostic turnaround time (39 days vs. 211 days, p < 0.001). The likelihood of detecting variants of uncertain significance and additional findings increased from 5% and 1% (SS) to 22% and 13% (NGS) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study quantifies the benefit of NGS-based methods and demonstrate they have had a major impact on EB diagnostics through an increased diagnostic yield and a dramatically decreased turnaround time (39 days). Although our diagnostic yield is high (95%), further improvement of genome diagnostics is urgently needed to provide a genetic diagnosis in all EB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baardman
- Department of Dermatology, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H H Lemmink
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V K Yenamandra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research South Campus, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - S Z Commandeur-Jan
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Viel
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K A Kooi
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G F H Diercks
- Department of Dermatology, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Meijer
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M van Geel
- Department of Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Scheffer
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R J Sinke
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Sikkema-Raddatz
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P C van den Akker
- Department of Dermatology, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, UMCG Centers of Expertise for Blistering Diseases and Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Kosykh AV, Ryumina II, Botkina AS, Evtushenko NA, Zhigmitova EB, Martynova AA, Gurskaya NG, Rebrikov DV. EBS in Children with De Novo Pathogenic Variants Disturbing Krt14. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2989. [PMID: 38474236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a dermatological condition marked by skin fragility and blister formation resulting from separation within the basal layer of the epidermis, which can be attributed to various genetic etiologies. This study presents three pathogenic de novo variants in young children, with clinical manifestations appearing as early as the neonatal period. The variants contribute to the EBS phenotype through two distinct mechanisms: direct keratin abnormalities due to pathogenic variants in the Krt14 gene, and indirect effects via pathogenic mutation in the KLHL24 gene, which interfere with the natural proteasome-mediated degradation pathway of KRT14. We report one severe case of EBS with mottled pigmentation arising from the Met119Thr pathogenic variant in KRT14, another case involving a pathogenic KLHL24 Met1Val variant, and a third case featuring the hot spot mutation Arg125His in KRT14, all manifesting within the first few weeks of life. This research underscores the complexity of genetic influences in EBS and highlights the importance of early genetic screening for accurate diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V Kosykh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina I Ryumina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, ul Akademika Oparina, 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Botkina
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Russian Children's Clinical Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Leninsky Prospekt, 117, k3, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Evtushenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena B Zhigmitova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Martynova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nadya G Gurskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Denis V Rebrikov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, ul Akademika Oparina, 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
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7
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Cattaneo C, Enzo E, De Rosa L, Sercia L, Consiglio F, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Paiardini A, Basso G, Tagliafico E, Paganelli A, Fiorentini C, Magnoni C, Latella MC, De Luca M. Allele-specific CRISPR-Cas9 editing of dominant epidermolysis bullosa simplex in human epidermal stem cells. Mol Ther 2024; 32:372-383. [PMID: 38053334 PMCID: PMC10861943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare skin disease inherited mostly in an autosomal dominant manner. Patients display a skin fragility that leads to blisters and erosions caused by minor mechanical trauma. EBS phenotypic and genotypic variants are caused by genetic defects in intracellular proteins whose function is to provide the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane zone and most EBS cases display mutations in keratin 5 (KRT5) and keratin 14 (KRT14) genes. Besides palliative treatments, there is still no long-lasting effective cure to correct the mutant gene and abolish the dominant negative effect of the pathogenic protein over its wild-type counterpart. Here, we propose a molecular strategy for EBS01 patient's keratinocytes carrying a monoallelic c.475/495del21 mutation in KRT14 exon 1. Through the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we perform a specific cleavage only on the mutant allele and restore a normal cellular phenotype and a correct intermediate filament network, without affecting the epidermal stem cell, referred to as holoclones, which play a crucial role in epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cattaneo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - E Enzo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - L De Rosa
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - L Sercia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - F Consiglio
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate, s.r.l, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - S Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - A Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G Basso
- Genomic Units, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Tagliafico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - A Paganelli
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - C Fiorentini
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - C Magnoni
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - M C Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate, s.r.l, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M De Luca
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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8
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Li P, Rietscher K, Jopp H, Magin TM, Omary MB. Posttranslational modifications of keratins and their associated proteins as therapeutic targets in keratin diseases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102264. [PMID: 37925932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The keratin cytoskeleton protects epithelia against mechanical, nonmechanical, and physical stresses, and participates in multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell integrity and resilience. Keratin gene mutations cause multiple rare monoallelic epithelial diseases termed keratinopathies, including the skin diseases Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS) and Pachyonychia Congenita (PC), with limited available therapies. The disease-related keratin mutations trigger posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in keratins and their associated proteins that can aggravate the disease. Recent findings of drug high-throughput screening have led to the identification of compounds that may be repurposed, since they are used for other human diseases, to treat keratinopathies. These drugs target unique PTM pathways and sites, including phosphorylation and acetylation of keratins and their associated proteins, and have shed insights into keratin regulation and interactions. They also offer the prospect of testing the use of drug mixtures, with the long view of possible beneficial human use coupled with increased efficacy and lower side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henriette Jopp
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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9
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Wang F, Ting C, Riemondy KA, Douglas M, Foster K, Patel N, Kaku N, Linsalata A, Nemzek J, Varisco BM, Cohen E, Wilson JA, Riches DW, Redente EF, Toivola DM, Zhou X, Moore BB, Coulombe PA, Omary MB, Zemans RL. Regulation of epithelial transitional states in murine and human pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165612. [PMID: 37768734 PMCID: PMC10645382 DOI: 10.1172/jci165612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from impaired regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury. During regeneration, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) assume a transitional state that upregulates multiple keratins and ultimately differentiate into AEC1s. In IPF, transitional AECs accumulate with ineffectual AEC1 differentiation. However, whether and how transitional cells cause fibrosis, whether keratins regulate transitional cell accumulation and fibrosis, and why transitional AECs and fibrosis resolve in mouse models but accumulate in IPF are unclear. Here, we show that human keratin 8 (KRT8) genetic variants were associated with IPF. Krt8-/- mice were protected from fibrosis and accumulation of the transitional state. Keratin 8 (K8) regulated the expression of macrophage chemokines and macrophage recruitment. Profibrotic macrophages and myofibroblasts promoted the accumulation of transitional AECs, establishing a K8-dependent positive feedback loop driving fibrogenesis. Finally, rare murine transitional AECs were highly senescent and basaloid and may not differentiate into AEC1s, recapitulating the aberrant basaloid state in human IPF. We conclude that transitional AECs induced and were maintained by fibrosis in a K8-dependent manner; in mice, most transitional cells and fibrosis resolved, whereas in human IPF, transitional AECs evolved into an aberrant basaloid state that persisted with progressive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Ting
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent A. Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Douglas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nisha Patel
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jean Nemzek
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M. Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erez Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana M. Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
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10
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Sun J, Li P, Gui H, Rittié L, Lombard DB, Rietscher K, Magin TM, Xie Q, Liu L, Omary MB. Deacetylation via SIRT2 prevents keratin-mutation-associated injury and keratin aggregation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166314. [PMID: 37485877 PMCID: PMC10443796 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin (K) and other intermediate filament (IF) protein mutations at conserved arginines disrupt keratin filaments into aggregates and cause human epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K14-R125C) or predispose to mouse liver injury (K18-R90C). The challenge for more than 70 IF-associated diseases is the lack of clinically utilized IF-targeted therapies. We used high-throughput drug screening to identify compounds that normalized mutation-triggered keratin filament disruption. Parthenolide, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, dramatically reversed keratin filament disruption and protected cells and mice expressing K18-R90C from apoptosis. K18-R90C became hyperacetylated compared with K18-WT and treatment with parthenolide normalized K18 acetylation. Parthenolide upregulated the NAD-dependent SIRT2, and increased SIRT2-keratin association. SIRT2 knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition blocked the parthenolide effect, while site-specific Lys-to-Arg mutation of keratin acetylation sites normalized K18-R90C filaments. Treatment of K18-R90C-expressing cells and mice with nicotinamide mononucleotide had a parthenolide-like protective effect. In 2 human K18 variants that associate with human fatal drug-induced liver injury, parthenolide protected K18-D89H- but not K8-K393R-induced filament disruption and cell death. Importantly, parthenolide normalized K14-R125C-mediated filament disruption in keratinocytes and inhibited dispase-triggered keratinocyte sheet fragmentation and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, keratin acetylation may provide a novel therapeutic target for some keratin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Honglian Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David B. Lombard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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11
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Zhang W, Wang R, Liu M, Li S, Vokoun AE, Deng W, Dupont RL, Zhang F, Li S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Liu S, Yang Y, Wang C, Yu L, Yao Y, Wang X, Wang C. Single-molecule visualization determines conformational substate ensembles in β-sheet-rich peptide fibrils. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7943. [PMID: 37406110 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of protein conformational ensembles is essential for revealing the underlying mechanisms of interpeptide recognition and association. However, experimentally resolving multiple simultaneously existing conformational substates remains challenging. Here, we report the use of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to analyze the conformational substate ensembles of β sheet peptides with a submolecular resolution (in-plane <2.6 Å). We observed ensembles of more than 10 conformational substates (with free energy fluctuations between several kBTs) in peptide homoassemblies of keratin (KRT) and amyloidal peptides (-5Aβ42 and TDP-43 341-357). Furthermore, STM reveals a change in the conformational ensemble of peptide mutants, which is correlated with the macroscopic properties of peptide assemblies. Our results demonstrate that the STM-based single-molecule imaging can capture a thorough picture of the conformational substates with which to build an energetic landscape of interconformational interactions and can rapidly screen conformational ensembles, which can complement conventional characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Shucong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Asher E Vokoun
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weichen Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Feiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100123, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang W, Liu M, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang R, Li S, Yu L, Zhang F, Wang C. β-Sheet Assembly Translates Conservative Single-Site Mutation into a Perturbation in Macroscopic Structure. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2370-2378. [PMID: 36897606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transferring structural information from amino acid sequence to macroscale assembly is a challenging approach for designing protein quaternary structure. However, the pathway by which the slight variations in sequence result in a global perturbation effect on the assembled structure is unknown. Herein, we design two synthetic peptides, QNL-His and QNL-Arg, with one amino acid substitution and use scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to image individual peptides in the assembled state. The submolecular resolution of STM enables us to determine the folding structure and β-sheet supramolecular organization of peptides. QNL-His and QNL-Arg differ in their β-strand length distribution in pleated β-sheet association. These structural variations lead to distinguishable outcomes in their β-sheet assembled fibrils and phase transitions. The comparison of QNL-His versus QNL-Arg structures and macroscopic properties unveils the role of assembly to amplify the structural variations associated with a single-site mutation from a single-molecule scale to a macroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Feiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
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13
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Zaver SA, Sarkar MK, Egolf S, Zou J, Tiwaa A, Capell BC, Gudjonsson JE, Simpson CL. Targeting SERCA2 in organotypic epidermis reveals MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for Darier disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531620. [PMID: 36945477 PMCID: PMC10028894 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the ATP2A2 gene encoding sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) was linked to Darier disease more than two decades ago; however, there remain no targeted therapies for this disorder causing recurrent skin blistering and infections. Since Atp2a2 knockout mice do not phenocopy its pathology, we established a human tissue model of Darier disease to elucidate its pathogenesis and identify potential therapies. Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9, we generated human keratinocytes lacking SERCA2, which replicated features of Darier disease, including weakened intercellular adhesion and defective differentiation in organotypic epidermis. To identify pathogenic drivers downstream of SERCA2 depletion, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis. SERCA2-deficient keratinocytes lacked desmosomal and cytoskeletal proteins required for epidermal integrity and exhibited excess MAP kinase signaling, which modulates keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation. Immunostaining patient biopsies substantiated these findings with lesions showing keratin deficiency, cadherin mis-localization, and ERK hyper-phosphorylation. Dampening ERK activity with MEK inhibitors rescued adhesive protein expression and restored keratinocyte sheet integrity despite SERCA2 depletion or chemical inhibition. In sum, coupling multi-omic analysis with human organotypic epidermis as a pre-clinical model, we found that SERCA2 haploinsufficiency disrupts critical adhesive components in keratinocytes via ERK signaling and identified MEK inhibition as a treatment strategy for Darier disease.
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14
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Salik D, Richert B, Smits G. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of genodermatoses: Review and perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:488-500. [PMID: 36502512 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genodermatoses are a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic skin disorders characterized by variable expression and clinical and genetic heterogeneity, rendering their diagnosis challenging. DNA-based techniques, like whole-exome sequencing, can establish a diagnosis in 50% of cases. RNA-sequencing is emerging as an attractive tool that can obtain information regarding gene expression while integrating functional genomic data with regard to the interpretation of variants. This increases the diagnostic rate by an additional 10-15%. In the present review, we detail the clinical steps involved in the diagnosis of genodermatoses, as well as the current DNA-based technologies available to clinicians. Herein, the intention is to facilitate a better understanding of the possibilities and limitations of these diagnostic technologies. In addition, this review could guide dermatologists through new emerging techniques, such as RNA-sequencing and its applications to familiarizing them with future techniques. Currently, this multi-omics approach is likely the best strategy designed to promote the diagnosis of patients with genodermatoses and discover new skin disease genes that could result in novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salik
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Li P, Maitra D, Kuo N, Kwan R, Song Y, Tang W, Chen L, Xie Q, Liu L, Omary MB. PP2 protects from keratin mutation-associated liver injury and filament disruption via SRC kinase inhibition in male but not female mice. Hepatology 2023; 77:144-158. [PMID: 35586977 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocyte keratin polypeptides 8/18 (K8/K18) are unique among intermediate filaments proteins (IFs) in that their mutation predisposes to, rather than causes, human disease. Mice that overexpress human K18 R90C manifest disrupted hepatocyte keratin filaments with hyperphosphorylated keratins and predisposition to Fas-induced liver injury. We hypothesized that high-throughput screening will identify compounds that protect the liver from mutation-triggered predisposition to injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using A549 cells transduced with a lentivirus K18 construct and high-throughput screening, we identified the SRC-family tyrosine kinases inhibitor, PP2, as a compound that reverses keratin filament disruption and protects from apoptotic cell death caused by K18 R90C mutation at this highly conserved arginine. PP2 also ameliorated Fas-induced apoptosis and liver injury in male but not female K18 R90C mice. The PP2 male selectivity is due to its lower turnover in male versus female livers. Knockdown of SRC but not another kinase target of PP2, protein tyrosine kinase 6, in A549 cells abrogated the hepatoprotective effect of PP2. Phosphoproteomic analysis and validation showed that the protective effect of PP2 associates with Ser/Thr but not Tyr keratin hypophosphorylation, and differs from the sex-independent effect of the Ser/Thr kinase inhibitor PKC412. Inhibition of RAF kinase, a downstream target of SRC, by vemurafenib had a similar protective effect to PP2 in A549 cells and male K18 R90C mice. CONCLUSIONS PP2 protects, in a male-selective manner, keratin mutation-induced mouse liver injury by inhibiting SRC-triggered downstream Ser/Thr phosphorylation of K8/K18, which is phenocopied by RAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib. The PP2/vemurafenib-associated findings, and their unique mechanisms of action, further support the potential role of select kinase inhibition as therapeutic opportunities for keratin and other IF-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology & Medicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology & Medicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA
- Early-Stage Method Development & Characterization Unit , Bristol Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | - Ning Kuo
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology & Medicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology & Medicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases , Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases , Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases , Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology & Medicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA
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16
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Stenvall CGA, Nyström JH, Butler-Hallissey C, Jansson T, Heikkilä TRH, Adam SA, Foisner R, Goldman RD, Ridge KM, Toivola DM. Cytoplasmic keratins couple with and maintain nuclear envelope integrity in colonic epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar121. [PMID: 36001365 PMCID: PMC9634972 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments convey mechanical stability and protection against stress to epithelial cells. Keratins are essential for colon health, as seen in keratin 8 knockout (K8-/-) mice exhibiting a colitis phenotype. We hypothesized that keratins support the nuclear envelope and lamina in colonocytes. K8-/- colonocytes in vivo exhibit significantly decreased levels of lamins A/C, B1, and B2 in a colon-specific and cell-intrinsic manner. CRISPR/Cas9- or siRNA-mediated K8 knockdown in Caco-2 cells similarly decreased lamin levels, which recovered after reexpression of K8 following siRNA treatment. Nuclear area was not decreased, and roundness was only marginally increased in cells without K8. Down-regulation of K8 in adult K8flox/flox;Villin-CreERt2 mice following tamoxifen administration significantly decreased lamin levels at day 4 when K8 levels had reduced to 40%. K8 loss also led to reduced levels of plectin, LINC complex, and lamin-associated proteins. While keratins were not seen in the nucleoplasm without or with leptomycin B treatment, keratins were found intimately located at the nuclear envelope and complexed with SUN2 and lamin A. Furthermore, K8 loss in Caco-2 cells compromised nuclear membrane integrity basally and after shear stress. In conclusion, colonocyte K8 helps maintain nuclear envelope and lamina composition and contributes to nuclear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel H. Nyström
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University
| | - Ciarán Butler-Hallissey
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, and,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Theresia Jansson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University
| | - Taina R. H. Heikkilä
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University
| | | | - Roland Foisner
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karen M. Ridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Diana M. Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland,*Address correspondence to: Diana M. Toivola ()
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17
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Betz RC. Genetic lessons learned from pathogenic variants in
KRT1
. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1683-1684. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina C. Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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18
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Hui J, Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Parkhurst SM. Wrangling Actin Assemblies: Actin Ring Dynamics during Cell Wound Repair. Cells 2022; 11:2777. [PMID: 36139352 PMCID: PMC9497110 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with continuous physiological and environmental stresses, cells of all sizes require an effective wound repair process to seal breaches to their cortex. Once a wound is recognized, the cell must rapidly plug the injury site, reorganize the cytoskeleton and the membrane to pull the wound closed, and finally remodel the cortex to return to homeostasis. Complementary studies using various model organisms have demonstrated the importance and complexity behind the formation and translocation of an actin ring at the wound periphery during the repair process. Proteins such as actin nucleators, actin bundling factors, actin-plasma membrane anchors, and disassembly factors are needed to regulate actin ring dynamics spatially and temporally. Notably, Rho family GTPases have been implicated throughout the repair process, whereas other proteins are required during specific phases. Interestingly, although different models share a similar set of recruited proteins, the way in which they use them to pull the wound closed can differ. Here, we describe what is currently known about the formation, translocation, and remodeling of the actin ring during the cell wound repair process in model organisms, as well as the overall impact of cell wound repair on daily events and its importance to our understanding of certain diseases and the development of therapeutic delivery modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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19
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Suo L, Dai W, Qin X, Li G, Zhang D, Cheng T, Yao T, Zhang C. Screening of primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostic markers based on immune-related genes and immune infiltration. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:67. [PMID: 36002796 PMCID: PMC9400315 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) continues to be a poorly understood disease. Although there were multiple researches on the identification of POAG biomarkers, few studies systematically revealed the immune-related cells and immune infiltration of POAG. Bioinformatics analyses of optic nerve (ON) and trabecular meshwork (TM) gene expression data were performed to further elucidate the immune-related genes of POAG and identify candidate target genes for treatment.
Methods
We performed a gene analysis of publicly available microarray data, namely, the GSE27276-GPL2507, GSE2378-GPL8300, GSE9944-GPL8300, and GSE9944-GPL571 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The obtained datasets were used as input for parallel pathway analyses. Based on random forest and support vector machine (SVM) analysis to screen the key genes, significantly changed pathways were clustered into functional categories, and the results were further investigated. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in POAG tissues. A network visualizing the differences between the data in the POAG and normal groups was created. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. We divided the differentially expressed mRNAs into upregulated and downregulated groups and predicted the drug targets of the differentially expressed genes through the Connectivity Map (CMap) database.
Results
A total of 49 differentially expressed genes, including 19 downregulated genes and 30 upregulated genes, were detected. Five genes ((Keratin 14) KRT14, (Hemoglobin subunit beta) HBB, (Acyl-CoA Oxidase 2) ACOX2, (Hephaestin) HEPH and Keratin 13 (KRT13)) were significantly changed. The results showed that the expression profiles of drug disturbances, including those for avrainvillamide-analysis-3, cytochalasin-D, NPI-2358, oxymethylone and vinorelbine, were negatively correlated with the expression profiles of disease disturbances. This finding indicated that these drugs may reduce or even reverse the POAG disease state.
Conclusion
This study provides an overview of the processes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of POAG in the ON and TM. The findings provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of POAG from the perspective of immunology.
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20
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Usman S, Aldehlawi H, Nguyen TKN, Teh MT, Waseem A. Impact of N-Terminal Tags on De Novo Vimentin Intermediate Filament Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116349. [PMID: 35683030 PMCID: PMC9181571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein, is found in most cells along with microfilaments and microtubules. It has been shown that the head domain folds back to associate with the rod domain and this association is essential for filament assembly. The N-terminally tagged vimentin has been widely used to label the cytoskeleton in live cell imaging. Although there is previous evidence that EGFP tagged vimentin fails to form filaments but is able to integrate into a pre-existing network, no study has systematically investigated or established a molecular basis for this observation. To determine whether a tag would affect de novo filament assembly, we used vimentin fused at the N-terminus with two different sized tags, AcGFP (239 residues, 27 kDa) and 3 × FLAG (22 residues; 2.4 kDa) to assemble into filaments in two vimentin-deficient epithelial cells, MCF-7 and A431. We showed that regardless of tag size, N-terminally tagged vimentin aggregated into globules with a significant proportion co-aligning with β-catenin at cell–cell junctions. However, the tagged vimentin aggregates could form filaments upon adding untagged vimentin at a ratio of 1:1 or when introduced into cells containing pre-existing filaments. The resultant filament network containing a mixture of tagged and untagged vimentin was less stable compared to that formed by only untagged vimentin. The data suggest that placing a tag at the N-terminus may create steric hinderance in case of a large tag (AcGFP) or electrostatic repulsion in case of highly charged tag (3 × FLAG) perhaps inducing a conformational change, which deleteriously affects the association between head and rod domains. Taken together our results shows that a free N-terminus is essential for filament assembly as N-terminally tagged vimentin is not only incapable of forming filaments, but it also destabilises when integrated into a pre-existing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Usman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Hebah Aldehlawi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thuan Khanh Ngoc Nguyen
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (M.-T.T.)
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-882-2387; Fax: +44-207-882-7137
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21
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Phillips GS, Huang A, Augsburger BD, Kaplan L, Peoples K, Bruckner AL, Khuu P, Tang JY, Lara-Corrales I, Pope E, Wiss K, Levin LE, Morel KD, Hook KP, Paller AS, Eichenfield LF, McCuaig CC, Powell J, Castelo-Soccio L, Levy ML, Price HN, Schachner LA, Browning JC, Jahnke M, Shwayder T, Bayliss S, Lucky AW, Glick SA. A retrospective analysis of diagnostic testing in a large North American cohort of patients with epidermolysis bullosa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:1063-1071. [PMID: 34634382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) has significant implications for prognosis, management, and genetic counseling. OBJECTIVE To describe diagnostic testing patterns and assess diagnostic concordance of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence mapping (IFM), and genetic analysis for EB. METHODS A retrospective cohort included patients enrolled in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Clinical Characterization and Outcomes Database from January 1, 2004, to July 8, 2019. Tests concluding the same EB type (EB simplex, junctional EB, dominant dystrophic EB, and recessive dystrophic EB) were considered concordant; those concluding different EB types were considered discordant; and those with nonspecific/nondefinitive results were equivocal. RESULTS A total of 970 diagnostic tests were conducted from 1984 to 2018 in 771 patients. Genetic analyses were performed chronologically later than IFM or TEM (P < .001). The likelihood of undergoing genetic analysis was greater for junctional EB and recessive dystrophic EB, and the same for dominant dystrophic EB as compared with EB simplex. TEM results in 163 patients were equivocal (55%), concordant (42%), and discordant (3%). IFM results in 185 patients were equivocal (54%), concordant (42%), and discordant (4%). LIMITATIONS Retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic testing has shifted in favor of genetic analysis. TEM and IFM frequently offer equivocal findings when compared to the specificity afforded by genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Scott Phillips
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Amy Huang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Laura Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Anna L Bruckner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Phuong Khuu
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Section of Dermatology, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Pope
- Section of Dermatology, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Wiss
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Levin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly D Morel
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristen P Hook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Catherine C McCuaig
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Moise L Levy
- Pediatric/Adolescent Dermatology, Dell Children's Medical Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology), Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Harper N Price
- Department of Dermatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Lawrence A Schachner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - John C Browning
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Marla Jahnke
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tor Shwayder
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Susan Bayliss
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne W Lucky
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sharon A Glick
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.
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22
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Harvey N, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad H, Uitto J. Pathomechanisms of epidermolysis bullosa: Beyond structural proteins. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:91-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Badowski C, Tan TS, Aliev T, Trudil D, Larina M, Argentova V, Firdaus MJ, Benny P, Woo VS, Lane EB. Detrimental Effects of IFN-γ on an Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Cell Model and Protection by a Humanized Anti-IFN-γ Monoclonal Antibody. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100096. [PMID: 35265936 PMCID: PMC8899047 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of severe skin blistering disorders, which currently have no cure. The pathology of epidermolysis bullosa is recognized as having an inflammatory component, but the role of inflammation in different epidermolysis bullosa disorders is unclear. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is primarily caused by sequence variants in keratin genes; its most severe form, EBS generalized severe, is characterized by aggregates of keratin proteins, and cell models of EBS generalized severe show constitutively elevated stress. IFN-γ is a major mediator of inflammation, and we show that the addition of IFN-γ alone to disease model keratinocytes promotes keratin aggregation, decreases cell-cell junctions, delays wound closure, and reduces cell proliferation. IFN-γ exposure weakens the intercellular cohesion of monolayers on mechanical stress, with IFN-γ-treated EBS monolayers more fragmented than IFN-γ-treated wild-type monolayers. A humanized monoclonal antibody to IFN-γ neutralized the detrimental effects on keratinocytes, restoring cell proliferation, increasing cell-cell adhesion, accelerating wound closure in the presence of IFN-γ, and reducing IFN-γ-mediated keratin aggregation in EBS cells. These suggest that treatment with IFN-γ blocking antibodies may constitute a promising new therapeutic strategy for patients with EBS and may also have ameliorating effects on other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Badowski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong San Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teimur Aliev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Trudil
- NHDetect Corporation, Reisterstown, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Larina
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Muhammad Jasrie Firdaus
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paula Benny
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivien S.T. Woo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E. Birgitte Lane
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Onoufriadis A, McGrath JA. ESDR 50th Anniversary Lecture summary: The past and future of rare skin disease research/therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1010-1014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Gouveia M, Sorčan T, Zemljič-Jokhadar Š, Travasso RDM, Liović M. A mathematical model for the dependence of keratin aggregate formation on the quantity of mutant keratin expressed in EGFP-K14 R125P keratinocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261227. [PMID: 34962936 PMCID: PMC8714116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined keratin aggregate formation and the possible mechanisms involved. With this aim, we observed the effect that different ratios between mutant and wild-type keratins expressed in cultured keratinocytes may have on aggregate formation in vitro, as well as how keratin aggregate formation affects the mechanical properties of cells at the cell cortex. To this end we prepared clones with expression rates as close as possible to 25%, 50% and 100% of the EGFP-K14 proteins (either WT or R125P and V270M mutants). Our results showed that only in the case of the 25% EGFP-K14 R125P mutant significant differences could be seen. Namely, we observed in this case the largest accumulation of keratin aggregates and a significant reduction in cell stiffness. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms behind this observation, we extended our previous mathematical model of keratin dynamics by implementing a more complex reaction network that considers the coexistence of wild-type and mutant keratins in the cell. The new model, consisting of a set of coupled, non-linear, ordinary differential equations, allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the relative amounts of intermediate filaments and aggregates in cells, and suggested that aggregate formation by asymmetric binding between wild-type and mutant keratins could explain the data obtained on cells grown in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gouveia
- Department of Physics, CFisUC, Center of Physics of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MG); (RDMT); (ML)
| | | | - Špela Zemljič-Jokhadar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rui D. M. Travasso
- Department of Physics, CFisUC, Center of Physics of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MG); (RDMT); (ML)
| | - Mirjana Liović
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (MG); (RDMT); (ML)
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26
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Zhang W, Liu M, Yu L, Mo S, Deng Z, Liu S, Yang Y, Wang C, Wang C. Perturbation effect of single polar group substitution on the Self-Association of amphiphilic peptide helices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:1005-1014. [PMID: 34887062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As an important attempt towards creating hierarchical structures more like nature, the peptide is employed as a building block to build supramolecular architectures. An emerging question is whether the molecular mechanism of self-assembly obtained from the small molecule system, e.g., the driving forces of assembly are conventionally regarded as pairwise-additive, can be manifested in the self-association of biologically relevant amphiphilic peptides. A peptide, KRT-R, was derived from the 120-144 segment of keratin 14. The single cation-to-cation substitution with KRT-R at the site of 125 from arginine (R) to either lysine (K) or histidine (H) results in the peptide helices, KRT-K and KRT-H, sharing 96% sequence identity. These KRT-derived peptides possess similarities in the folding structures but exhibit divergent self-assembled structures. KRT-R and KRT-K self-assemble into sheets and fibrils, respectively. Whereas KRT-H associates into heterogeneous structures, including sheets, particles, and branched networks. The intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence spectroscopy measurements with the KRT-derived peptides within a temperature range of 25 °C to 95 °C reveal that the heating-triggered structural transitions of KRT-derived peptides are divergent. The alternation of single cationic residue changes the thermodynamic signature of peptide assemblies upon heating. A chemical denaturation experiment with KRT-derived peptides indicates that the intermolecular interactions that govern the supramolecular architectures formed by peptides are distinct. Overall, our work demonstrates the contribution of the interplay among various noncovalent interactions to supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shanshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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27
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Tan TS, Common JEA, Lim JSY, Badowski C, Firdaus MJ, Leonardi SS, Lane EB. A cell-based drug discovery assay identifies inhibition of cell stress responses as a new approach to treatment of epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272475. [PMID: 34643242 PMCID: PMC8542385 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the skin fragility disorder epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), mutations in keratin 14 (K14, also known as KRT14) or keratin 5 (K5, also known as KRT5) lead to keratinocyte rupture and skin blistering. Severe forms of EBS are associated with cytoplasmic protein aggregates, with elevated kinase activation of ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2; also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively), suggesting intrinsic stress caused by misfolded keratin protein. Human keratinocyte EBS reporter cells stably expressing GFP-tagged EBS-mimetic mutant K14 were used to optimize a semi-automated system to quantify the effects of test compounds on keratin aggregates. Screening of a protein kinase inhibitor library identified several candidates that reduced aggregates and impacted on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling. EGF ligand exposure induced keratin aggregates in EBS reporter keratinocytes, which was reversible by EGFR inhibition. EBS keratinocytes treated with a known EGFR inhibitor, afatinib, were driven out of activation and towards quiescence with minimal cell death. Aggregate reduction was accompanied by denser keratin filament networks with enhanced intercellular cohesion and resilience, which when extrapolated to a whole tissue context would predict reduced epidermal fragility in EBS patients. This assay system provides a powerful tool for discovery and development of new pathway intervention therapeutic avenues for EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong San Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648.,Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
| | - John E A Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648.,Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
| | - John S Y Lim
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
| | - Cedric Badowski
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
| | - Muhammad Jasrie Firdaus
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648.,Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
| | - Steven S Leonardi
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648.,Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore138648
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28
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Zhang W, Liu M, Dupont RL, Huang K, Yu L, Liu S, Wang X, Wang C. Conservation and Identity Selection of Cationic Residues Flanking the Hydrophobic Regions in Intermediate Filament Superfamily. Front Chem 2021; 9:752630. [PMID: 34540811 PMCID: PMC8443778 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.752630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the hydrophobic interactions generated by the nonpolar region and the proximal functional groups within nanometers of the nonpolar region offers a promising strategy to manipulate the intermolecular hydrophobic attractions in an artificial molecule system, but the outcomes of such modulations in the building of a native protein architecture remain unclear. Here we focus on the intermediate filament (IF) coiled-coil superfamily to assess the conservation of positively charged residue identity via a biostatistical approach. By screening the disease-correlated mutations throughout the IF superfamily, 10 distinct hotspots where a cation-to-cation substitution is associated with a pathogenic syndrome have been identified. The analysis of the local chemical context surrounding the hotspots revealed that the cationic diversity depends on their separation distance to the hydrophobic domain. The nearby cationic residues flanking the hydrophobic domain of a helix (separation <1 nm) are relatively conserved in evolution. In contrast, the cationic residues that are not adjacent to the hydrophobic domain (separation >1 nm) tolerate higher levels of variation and replaceability. We attribute this bias in the conservation degree of the cationic residue identity to reflect the interplay between the proximal cations and the hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Kim S, Lim Y, Lee SY, Yoon HN, Yi H, Jang KH, Ku NO. Keratin 8 mutations in transgenic mice predispose to lung injury. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs250167. [PMID: 34342355 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 8 (K8) is the cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein of simple-type epithelia. Mutations in K8 predispose the affected individual and transgenic mouse to liver disease. However, the role of K8 in the lung has not been reported in mutant transgenic mouse models. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of two different transgenic mice expressing K8 Gly62-Cys (Gly62 replaced with Cys) or Ser74-Ala (Ser74 replaced with Ala) to lung injury. The mutant transgenic mice were highly susceptible to two independent acute and chronic lung injuries compared with control mice. Both K8 Gly62-Cys mice and K8 Ser74-Ala mice showed markedly increased mouse lethality (∼74% mutant mice versus ∼34% control mice) and more severe lung damage, with increased inflammation and apoptosis, under L-arginine-mediated acute lung injury. Moreover, the K8 Ser74-Ala mice had more severe lung damage, with extensive hemorrhage and prominent fibrosis, under bleomycin-induced chronic lung injury. Our study provides the first direct evidence that K8 mutations predispose to lung injury in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Han-Na Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hayan Yi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwi-Hoon Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Bio-Convergence ISED, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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30
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Weber MS, Eibauer M, Sivagurunathan S, Magin TM, Goldman RD, Medalia O. Structural heterogeneity of cellular K5/K14 filaments as revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. eLife 2021; 10:70307. [PMID: 34323216 PMCID: PMC8360650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are an essential and major component of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. They form a stable yet dynamic filamentous network extending from the nucleus to the cell periphery, which provides resistance to mechanical stresses. Mutations in keratin genes are related to a variety of epithelial tissue diseases. Despite their importance, the molecular structure of keratin filaments remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the structure of keratin 5/keratin 14 filaments within ghost mouse keratinocytes by cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. By averaging a large number of keratin segments, we have gained insights into the helical architecture of the filaments. Two-dimensional classification revealed profound variations in the diameter of keratin filaments and their subunit organization. Computational reconstitution of filaments of substantial length uncovered a high degree of internal heterogeneity along single filaments, which can contain regions of helical symmetry, regions with less symmetry and regions with significant diameter fluctuations. Cross-section views of filaments revealed that keratins form hollow cylinders consisting of multiple protofilaments, with an electron dense core located in the center of the filament. These findings shed light on the complex and remarkable heterogenic architecture of keratin filaments, suggesting that they are highly flexible, dynamic cytoskeletal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suganya Sivagurunathan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Lim Y, Ku NO. Revealing the Roles of Keratin 8/18-Associated Signaling Proteins Involved in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6401. [PMID: 34203895 PMCID: PMC8232640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is developed with various etiologies, protection of hepatocytes seems basically essential to prevent the incidence of HCC. Keratin 8 and keratin 18 (K8/K18) are cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins that are expressed in hepatocytes. They maintain the cell shape and protect cells under stress conditions. Their protective roles in liver damage have been described in studies of mouse models, and K8/K18 mutation frequency in liver patients. Interestingly, K8/K18 bind to signaling proteins such as transcription factors and protein kinases involved in HCC development. Since K8/K18 are abundant cytoskeletal proteins, K8/K18 binding with the signaling factors can alter the availability of the factors. Herein, we discuss the potential roles of K8/K18 in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Bio-Convergence ISED, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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32
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Deng Z, Cangkrama M, Butt T, Jane SM, Carpinelli MR. Grainyhead-like transcription factors: guardians of the skin barrier. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:553-e152. [PMID: 33843098 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been selective pressure to maintain a skin barrier since terrestrial animals evolved 360 million years ago. These animals acquired an unique integumentary system with a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium surface barrier. The barrier protects against dehydration and entry of microbes and toxins. The skin barrier centres on the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis and consists of cornified envelopes cemented by the intercorneocyte lipid matrix. Multiple components of the barrier undergo cross-linking by transglutaminase (TGM) enzymes, while keratins provide additional mechanical strength. Cellular tight junctions also are crucial for barrier integrity. The grainyhead-like (GRHL) transcription factors regulate the formation and maintenance of the integument in diverse species. GRHL3 is essential for formation of the skin barrier during embryonic development, whereas GRHL1 maintains the skin barrier postnatally. This is achieved by transactivation of Tgm1 and Tgm5, respectively. In addition to its barrier function, GRHL3 plays key roles in wound repair and as an epidermal tumour suppressor. In its former role, GRHL3 activates the planar cell polarity signalling pathway to mediate wound healing by providing directional migration cues. In squamous epithelium, GRHL3 regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation, and its loss induces squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the skin, this is mediated through increased expression of MIR21, which reduces the expression levels of GRHL3 and its direct target, PTEN, leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. These data position the GRHL family as master regulators of epidermal homeostasis across a vast gulf of evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Leggett SE, Hruska AM, Guo M, Wong IY. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the cytoskeleton in bioengineered systems. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:32. [PMID: 33691719 PMCID: PMC7945251 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is intrinsically linked to alterations of the intracellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. After EMT, cells acquire an elongated morphology with front/back polarity, which can be attributed to actin-driven protrusion formation as well as the gain of vimentin expression. Consequently, cells can deform and remodel the surrounding matrix in order to facilitate local invasion. In this review, we highlight recent bioengineering approaches to elucidate EMT and functional changes in the cytoskeleton. First, we review transitions between multicellular clusters and dispersed individuals on planar surfaces, which often exhibit coordinated behaviors driven by leader cells and EMT. Second, we consider the functional role of vimentin, which can be probed at subcellular length scales and within confined spaces. Third, we discuss the role of topographical patterning and EMT via a contact guidance like mechanism. Finally, we address how multicellular clusters disorganize and disseminate in 3D matrix. These new technologies enable controlled physical microenvironments and higher-resolution spatiotemporal measurements of EMT at the single cell level. In closing, we consider future directions for the field and outstanding questions regarding EMT and the cytoskeleton for human cancer progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Leggett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, William St, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Alex M Hruska
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, and Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, 184 Hope St Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ian Y Wong
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, and Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, 184 Hope St Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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34
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Lehmann SM, Leube RE, Windoffer R. Growth, lifetime, directional movement and myosin-dependent motility of mutant keratin granules in cultured cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2379. [PMID: 33504849 PMCID: PMC7840912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament polypeptides (IFPs) are prominent components of cytoplasmic aggregates, which are pathognomonic for multiple diseases. Recent observations in cultured cells suggest that they are dynamic and subject to regulated turnover. The emerging concept is that multiple factors contribute to motility and turnover of IFP-containing aggregates. To understand their relative contribution, quantitative tools are needed. The current study addresses this need using epithelial cells producing mutant keratin IFPs that have been identified as the cause of the hereditary blister-forming skin disease epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Digital image analysis of individual granules allowed mapping of their complete life cycle, with information on multiple characteristics at any given time-point. The deduced signet features revealed rapid granule fusion and directed transport from the periphery towards the cell centre, and a limited, ~ 30 min lifetime with a slow, continuous growth phase followed by fast disassembly. As paradigmatic proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that inhibition of myosin II selectively reduces granule movement, linking keratin granule motility to retrograde cortical acto-myosin flow. The newly developed methods and established parameters will help in the characterization of known and the identification of novel regulators of IFP-containing aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lehmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - R E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - R Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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35
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Laly AC, Sliogeryte K, Pundel OJ, Ross R, Keeling MC, Avisetti D, Waseem A, Gavara N, Connelly JT. The keratin network of intermediate filaments regulates keratinocyte rigidity sensing and nuclear mechanotransduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabd6187. [PMID: 33571121 PMCID: PMC7840118 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The keratin network of intermediate filaments provides keratinocytes with essential mechanical strength and resilience, but the contribution to mechanosensing remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the keratin cytoskeleton in the response to altered matrix rigidity. We found that keratinocytes adapted to increasing matrix stiffness by forming a rigid, interconnected network of keratin bundles, in conjunction with F-actin stress fiber formation and increased cell stiffness. Disruption of keratin stability by overexpression of the dominant keratin 14 mutation R416P inhibited the normal mechanical response to substrate rigidity, reducing F-actin stress fibers and cell stiffness. The R416P mutation also impaired mechanotransduction to the nuclear lamina, which mediated stiffness-dependent chromatin remodeling. By contrast, depletion of the cytolinker plectin had the opposite effect and promoted increased mechanoresponsiveness and up-regulation of lamin A/C. Together, these results demonstrate that the keratin cytoskeleton plays a key role in matrix rigidity sensing and downstream signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Laly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kristina Sliogeryte
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Oscar J Pundel
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosie Ross
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Keeling
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Deepa Avisetti
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Núria Gavara
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Serra-Hunter Program, Biophysics and Bioengineering Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John T Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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36
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Nakamura M, Verboon JM, Allen TE, Abreu-Blanco MT, Liu R, Dominguez ANM, Delrow JJ, Parkhurst SM. Autocrine insulin pathway signaling regulates actin dynamics in cell wound repair. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009186. [PMID: 33306674 PMCID: PMC7758051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are exposed to frequent mechanical and/or chemical stressors that can compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane and underlying cortical cytoskeleton. The molecular mechanisms driving the immediate repair response launched to restore the cell cortex and circumvent cell death are largely unknown. Using microarrays and drug-inhibition studies to assess gene expression, we find that initiation of cell wound repair in the Drosophila model is dependent on translation, whereas transcription is required for subsequent steps. We identified 253 genes whose expression is up-regulated (80) or down-regulated (173) in response to laser wounding. A subset of these genes were validated using RNAi knockdowns and exhibit aberrant actomyosin ring assembly and/or actin remodeling defects. Strikingly, we find that the canonical insulin signaling pathway controls actin dynamics through the actin regulators Girdin and Chickadee (profilin), and its disruption leads to abnormal wound repair. Our results provide new insight for understanding how cell wound repair proceeds in healthy individuals and those with diseases involving wound healing deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Verboon
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tessa E. Allen
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Abreu-Blanco
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Raymond Liu
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. M. Dominguez
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Delrow
- Genomics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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37
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Abstract
The discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system has revolutionized gene editing research. Through the repurposing of programmable RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases, CRISPR-based genome editing systems allow for the precise modification of specific sites in the human genome and inspire novel approaches for the study and treatment of inherited and acquired human diseases. Here, we review how CRISPR technologies have stimulated key advances in dermatologic research. We discuss the role of CRISPR in genome editing for cutaneous disease and highlight studies on the use of CRISPR-Cas technologies for genodermatoses, cutaneous viruses and bacteria, and melanoma. Additionally, we examine key limitations of current CRISPR technologies, including the challenges these limitations pose for the widespread therapeutic application of CRISPR-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Baker
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Matthew S Hayden
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Section of Dermatology, Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766, USA
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38
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Khani P, Farokh Forghani S, Ataei Kachoei Z, Zekri A, Ghazi F. Analysis of KRT5 and KRT14 gene mutations and mode of inheritance in Iranian patients with clinical suspicion of Epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:43. [PMID: 32884918 PMCID: PMC7456439 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is a hereditary skin disorder caused by mutations in several genes such as KRT5 and KRT14 . Skin fragility in basal keratinocytes presence regions led to the cytolysis of epidermis and blistering. Aim of this study was to detect the molecular defects in KRT5 and KRT14 genes hot spots in patients with clinical suspicion of EBS and investigation of their probable genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods: Exons 1 and 6-7 of KRT5 and exons 1 and 4-7 of KRT14 amplification and mutation detection were performed by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Novel variants pathogenicity evaluated by bioinformatics tools. Results: Nine important variants detected in seven different patients within 6 Iranian families affected by Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, of which four variants were novel. Three patients had a mottled pigmentation phenotype [G96D (p.Gly96Asp) and F97I (p.Phe97Ile) in KRT5 ]. One of them showed a Dowling–Meara phenotype [A417P (p.Ala417Pro) and E477D (p.Glu477Asp) in KRT5 ] and another had a Koebner type phenotype [R397I (p.Arg397Ile) and Q444* (p.Gln444Ter) in KRT5 ]. A novel variant [G92E (p.Gly92Glu) in KRT5 ] in a double heterozygous state with a challenging variant [A413T (p.Ala413Thr) in KRT14 ] identified in one patient with Koebner type phenotype. Also, a previously reported mutation [I377T (p.Ile377Thr) in KRT14 gene] identified in this study. Conclusion: The results of molecular data analysis showed that the most severe phenotypes were associated with mutations in highly conserved regions. In some cases, different inheritance modes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Khani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Ataei Kachoei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zekri
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghazi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Eldirany SA, Ho M, Bunick CG. The Interface between Keratin Structurotype and Human Disease. Structure 2020; 28:271-273. [PMID: 32130887 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Structure, Coulombe and coworkers (Lee et al., 2020) present the crystal structure of the keratin 5/14 2B heterodimeric complex containing the keratin 14 substitution C367A. The authors identify a 2B-2B contact interface important to the elongation of mature keratin 5/14 filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Eldirany
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Minh Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G Bunick
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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40
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Yoshioka N, Kabata Y, Kuriyama M, Bizen N, Zhou L, Tran DM, Yano M, Yoshiki A, Ushiki T, Sproule TJ, Abe R, Takebayashi H. Diverse dystonin gene mutations cause distinct patterns of Dst isoform deficiency and phenotypic heterogeneity in Dystonia musculorum mice. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041608. [PMID: 32482619 PMCID: PMC7325434 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in dystonin (DST) can cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 6 (HSAN-VI) or epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). Recently, DST-related diseases were recognized to be more complex than previously thought because a patient exhibited both neurological and skin manifestations, whereas others display only one or the other. A single DST locus produces at least three major DST isoforms: DST-a (neuronal isoform), DST-b (muscular isoform) and DST-e (epithelial isoform). Dystonia musculorum (dt) mice, which have mutations in Dst, were originally identified as spontaneous mutants displaying neurological phenotypes. To reveal the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic heterogeneity of DST-related diseases, we investigated two mutant strains with different mutations: a spontaneous Dst mutant (Dstdt-23Rbrc mice) and a gene-trap mutant (DstGt mice). The Dstdt-23Rbrc allele possesses a nonsense mutation in an exon shared by all Dst isoforms. The DstGt allele is predicted to inactivate Dst-a and Dst-b isoforms but not Dst-e There was a decrease in the levels of Dst-a mRNA in the neural tissue of both Dstdt-23Rbrc and DstGt homozygotes. Loss of sensory and autonomic nerve ends in the skin was observed in both Dstdt-23Rbrc and DstGt mice at postnatal stages. In contrast, Dst-e mRNA expression was reduced in the skin of Dstdt-23Rbrc mice but not in DstGt mice. Expression levels of Dst proteins in neural and cutaneous tissues correlated with Dst mRNAs. Because Dst-e encodes a structural protein in hemidesmosomes (HDs), we performed transmission electron microscopy. Lack of inner plaques and loss of keratin filament invasions underneath the HDs were observed in the basal keratinocytes of Dstdt-23Rbrc mice but not in those of DstGt mice; thus, the distinct phenotype of the skin of Dstdt-23Rbrc mice could be because of failure of Dst-e expression. These results indicate that distinct mutations within the Dst locus can cause different loss-of-function patterns among Dst isoforms, which accounts for the heterogeneous neural and skin phenotypes in dt mice and DST-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Yoshioka
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Transdiciplinary Research Programs, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yudai Kabata
- Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Momona Kuriyama
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Dang M Tran
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Ushiki
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | | | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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41
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Guo Y, Redmond CJ, Leacock KA, Brovkina MV, Ji S, Jaskula-Ranga V, Coulombe PA. Keratin 14-dependent disulfides regulate epidermal homeostasis and barrier function via 14-3-3σ and YAP1. eLife 2020; 9:53165. [PMID: 32369015 PMCID: PMC7250575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein keratin 14 (K14) provides vital structural support in basal keratinocytes of epidermis. Recent studies evidenced a role for K14-dependent disulfide bonding in the organization and dynamics of keratin IFs in skin keratinocytes. Here we report that knock-in mice harboring a cysteine-to-alanine substitution at Krt14's codon 373 (C373A) exhibit alterations in disulfide-bonded K14 species and a barrier defect secondary to enhanced proliferation, faster transit time and altered differentiation in epidermis. A proteomics screen identified 14-3-3 as K14 interacting proteins. Follow-up studies showed that YAP1, a transcriptional effector of Hippo signaling regulated by 14-3-3sigma in skin keratinocytes, shows aberrant subcellular partitioning and function in differentiating Krt14 C373A keratinocytes. Residue C373 in K14, which is conserved in a subset of keratins, is revealed as a novel regulator of keratin organization and YAP function in early differentiating keratinocytes, with an impact on cell mechanics, homeostasis and barrier function in epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Catherine J Redmond
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Krystynne A Leacock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Margarita V Brovkina
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Suyun Ji
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Vinod Jaskula-Ranga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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42
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De Rosa L, Latella MC, Secone Seconetti A, Cattelani C, Bauer JW, Bondanza S, De Luca M. Toward Combined Cell and Gene Therapy for Genodermatoses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035667. [PMID: 31653644 PMCID: PMC7197428 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 200 monogenic, often devastating, skin diseases have been described. Because of unmet medical needs, development of long-lasting and curative therapies has been consistently attempted, with the aim of correcting the underlying molecular defect. In this review, we will specifically address the few combined cell and gene therapy strategies that made it to the clinics. Based on these studies, what can be envisioned for the future is a patient-oriented strategy, built on the specific features of the individual in need. Most likely, a combination of different strategies, approaches, and advanced therapies will be required to reach the finish line at the end of the long and winding road hampering the achievement of definitive treatments for genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cattelani
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Horsley V. Skin in the Game: Stem Cells in Repair, Cancer, and Homeostasis. Cell 2020; 181:492-494. [PMID: 32234524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The 2020 Canada Gairdner International Award has been awarded to Elaine Fuchs for her discovery of the role of adult skin stem cells in homeostasis, wound repair, inflammation, and cancer. These insights have established a foundation for basic knowledge on how adult stem cells form, maintain, and repair tissues and have provided the groundwork for additional exploration and discovery of pathways in other stem cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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44
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Baker C, Hayden MS. Gene editing in dermatology: Harnessing CRISPR for the treatment of cutaneous disease. F1000Res 2020; 9:281. [PMID: 32528662 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.23185.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system has revolutionized gene editing research. Through the repurposing of programmable RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases, CRISPR-based genome editing systems allow for the precise modification of specific sites in the human genome and inspire novel approaches for the study and treatment of inherited and acquired human diseases. Here, we review how CRISPR technologies have stimulated key advances in dermatologic research. We discuss the role of CRISPR in genome editing for cutaneous disease and highlight studies on the use of CRISPR-Cas technologies for genodermatoses, cutaneous viruses and bacteria, and melanoma. Additionally, we examine key limitations of current CRISPR technologies, including the challenges these limitations pose for the widespread therapeutic application of CRISPR-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Baker
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Matthew S Hayden
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Section of Dermatology, Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766, USA
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Broussard JA, Jaiganesh A, Zarkoob H, Conway DE, Dunn AR, Espinosa HD, Janmey PA, Green KJ. Scaling up single-cell mechanics to multicellular tissues - the role of the intermediate filament-desmosome network. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs228031. [PMID: 32179593 PMCID: PMC7097224 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues sense, respond to and translate mechanical forces into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction, which governs individual cell responses that drive gene expression, metabolic pathways and cell motility, and determines how cells work together in tissues. Mechanotransduction often depends on cytoskeletal networks and their attachment sites that physically couple cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. One way that cells associate with each other is through Ca2+-dependent adhesion molecules called cadherins, which mediate cell-cell interactions through adherens junctions, thereby anchoring and organizing the cortical actin cytoskeleton. This actin-based network confers dynamic properties to cell sheets and developing organisms. However, these contractile networks do not work alone but in concert with other cytoarchitectural elements, including a diverse network of intermediate filaments. This Review takes a close look at the intermediate filament network and its associated intercellular junctions, desmosomes. We provide evidence that this system not only ensures tissue integrity, but also cooperates with other networks to create more complex tissues with emerging properties in sensing and responding to increasingly stressful environments. We will also draw attention to how defects in intermediate filament and desmosome networks result in both chronic and acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Avinash Jaiganesh
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hoda Zarkoob
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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46
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Diociaiuti A, Giancristoforo S, Pisaneschi E, Condorelli AG, Boldrini R, Zambruno G, El Hachem M. Hoarse cry in a newborn with epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized severe. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:393-395. [PMID: 31957133 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hoarse cry and respiratory stridor are the signs of potentially life-threatening laryngeal involvement in selected severe and frequently early lethal subtypes of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB). We present a newborn with generalized skin blistering and onychodystrophy who developed a hoarse cry and inspiratory stridor. Ultrastructural skin examination revealed tonofilament clumping in basal keratinocytes and genetic testing identified the de novo missense mutation p.Arg125Cys in the KRT14 gene, consistent with EB simplex generalized severe, which is characterized by major morbidity in infancy but a favorable long-term prognosis. The present case underlines the importance to consider EB simplex generalized severe in the differential diagnosis of EB infants presenting hoarseness and stridor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Pisaneschi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renata Boldrini
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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47
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Zieman AG, Coulombe PA. Pathophysiology of pachyonychia congenita-associated palmoplantar keratoderma: new insights into skin epithelial homeostasis and avenues for treatment. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:564-573. [PMID: 31021398 PMCID: PMC6814456 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachyonychia congenita (PC), a rare genodermatosis, primarily affects ectoderm-derived epithelial appendages and typically includes oral leukokeratosis, nail dystrophy and very painful palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). PC dramatically impacts quality of life although it does not affect lifespan. PC can arise from mutations in any of the wound-repair-associated keratin genes KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17. There is no cure for this condition, and current treatment options for PC symptoms are limited and palliative in nature. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on recent progress made towards understanding the pathophysiology of PPK lesions, the most prevalent and debilitating of all PC symptoms. METHODS We reviewed the relevant literature with a particular focus on the Krt16 null mouse, which spontaneously develops footpad lesions that mimic several aspects of PC-associated PPK. RESULTS There are three main stages of progression of PPK-like lesions in Krt16 null mice. Ahead of lesion onset, keratinocytes in the palmoplantar (footpad) skin exhibit specific defects in terminal differentiation, including loss of Krt9 expression. At the time of PPK onset, there is elevated oxidative stress and hypoactive Keap1-Nrf2 signalling. During active PPK, there is a profound defect in the ability of the epidermis to maintain or return to normal homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The progress made suggests new avenues to explore for the treatment of PC-based PPK and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms controlling skin tissue homeostasis. What's already known about this topic? Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis caused by mutations in KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 and KRT17, which are normally expressed in skin appendages and induced following injury. Individuals with PC present with multiple clinical symptoms that usually include thickened and dystrophic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), glandular cysts and oral leukokeratosis. The study of PC pathophysiology is made challenging because of its low incidence and high complexity. There is no cure or effective treatment for PC. What does this study add? This text reviews recent progress made when studying the pathophysiology of PPK associated with PC. This recent progress points to new possibilities for devising effective therapeutics that may complement current palliative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Zieman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P. A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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48
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Lee CH, Kim MS, Li S, Leahy DJ, Coulombe PA. Structure-Function Analyses of a Keratin Heterotypic Complex Identify Specific Keratin Regions Involved in Intermediate Filament Assembly. Structure 2020; 28:355-362.e4. [PMID: 31995743 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) provide vital mechanical support in a broad array of cell types. Interference with this role causes cell fragility and accounts for a large number of human diseases. Gaining an understanding of the structure of IFs is paramount to understanding their function and designing therapeutic agents for relevant diseases. Here, we report the 2.6-Å resolution crystal structure of a complex of interacting 2B domains of keratin 5 (K5) and K14. K5 and K14 form a long-range, left-handed coiled coil, with participating α helices aligned in parallel and in register. Follow-up mutagenesis revealed that specific contacts between interacting 2B domains play a crucial role during 10-nm IF assembly, likely at the step of octamer-octamer association. The resulting structural model represents an atomic-resolution visualization of 2B-2B interactions important to filament assembly and provides insight into the defects introduced by mutations in IF genes associated with human skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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49
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Zhang J, Ding Y, Li M, Yao Z, Zhuang Y. Known and novel mutations responsible for epidermolysis bullosa simplex cases in a Chinese population. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4661-4664. [PMID: 31772641 PMCID: PMC6862070 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized severe (EBS-gen sev) is one of the major forms of EBS, caused by mutations of the keratin 5 (KRT5) or keratin 14 (KRT14). However, it is rarely reported in the Chinese population. The current study was performed on three unrelated Chinese families with five patients clinically suspicious for distinct stages of EBS. Mutation screening was performed by direct sequencing of the entire coding regions of KRT5 and KRT14 genes. A diagnosis of EBS-gen sev for patients in these three families was confirmed by revealing missense mutations c.373C>T (p.Arg125Cys), c.374G>T (p.Arg125Leu), and a novel frameshift mutation c.1231delG (p.Glu411Argfs*31) in KRT14. Considering two previously reported cases and the results of the current report, amino acid residue 125 is likely the most frequent hotspot of EBS-gen sev in the Chinese population. The current study further indicated that the symptoms of EBS-gen sev patients decline with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Dermatology Department, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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50
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Pellegrini G, De Luca M. Living with Keratinocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 11:1026-1033. [PMID: 30428385 PMCID: PMC6235013 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A feature distinguishing human hematopoietic and epithelial stem cells from other equally fascinating stem cells is perhaps their easier translation into a clinical setting. We have devoted nearly our entire scientific career in trying to turn our understanding of epithelial stem cell biology into something that could help people suffering from virtually untreatable diseases of squamous epithelia. We have done that as a team, together with our numerous students, postdocs, technicians and valuable collaborators, clinicians, regulators, and, lately, industrial partners. We had rewarding successes and burning failures, but we always did our best. This award, given by friends and colleagues deserving it more than us, has been the most important recognition of our work. Below, we summarize our story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Pellegrini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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