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An YJ, Jung YE, Lee KW, Kaushal P, Ko IY, Shin SM, Ji S, Yu W, Lee C, Lee WK, Cha K, Lee JH, Cha SS, Yim HS. Structural and biochemical investigation into stable FGF2 mutants with novel mutation sites and hydrophobic replacements for surface-exposed cysteines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307499. [PMID: 39236042 PMCID: PMC11376533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is an attractive biomaterial for pharmaceuticals and functional cosmetics. To improve the thermo-stability of FGF2, we designed two mutants harboring four-point mutations: FGF2-M1 (D28E/C78L/C96I/S137P) and FGF2-M2 (D28E/C78I/C96I/S137P) through bioinformatics, molecular thermodynamics, and molecular modeling. The D28E mutation reduced fragmentation of the FGF2 wild type during preparation, and the substitution of a whale-specific amino acid, S137P, enhanced the thermal stability of FGF2. Surface-exposed cysteines that participate in oligomerization through intermolecular disulfide bond formation were substituted with hydrophobic residues (C78L/C78I and C96I) using the in silico method. High-resolution crystal structures revealed at the atomic level that the introduction of mutations stabilizes each local region by forming more favorable interactions with neighboring residues. In particular, P137 forms CH-π interactions with the side chain indole ring of W123, which seems to stabilize a β-hairpin structure, containing a heparin-binding site of FGF2. Compared to the wild type, both FGF2-M1 and FGF2-M2 maintained greater solubility after a week at 45 °C, with their Tm values rising by ~ 5 °C. Furthermore, the duration for FGF2-M1 and FGF2-M2 to reach 50% residual activity at 45 °C extended to 8.8- and 8.2-fold longer, respectively, than that of the wild type. Interestingly, the hydrophobic substitution of surface-exposed cysteine in both FGF2 mutants makes them more resistant to proteolytic cleavage by trypsin, subtilisin, proteinase K, and actinase than the wild type and the Cys → Ser substitution. The hydrophobic replacements can influence protease resistance as well as oligomerization and thermal stability. It is notable that hydrophobic substitutions of surface-exposed cysteines, as well as D28E and S137P of the FGF2 mutants, were designed through various approaches with structural implications. Therefore, the engineering strategies and structural insights adopted in this study could be applied to improve the stability of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun An
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant Kaushal
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - In Young Ko
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongiu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Ji
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Yu
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongiu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiweon Cha
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongiu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Soon Yim
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Nickle A, Ko S, Merrill AE. Fibroblast growth factor 2. Differentiation 2024; 139:100733. [PMID: 37858405 PMCID: PMC11009566 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent stimulator of growth and differentiation in multiple tissues. Its discovery traces back over 50 years ago when it was first isolated from bovine pituitary extracts due to its ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Subsequent studies investigating the genomic structure of FGF2 identified multiple protein isoforms, categorized as the low molecular weight and high molecular weight FGF2. These isoforms arise from alternative translation initiation events and exhibit unique molecular and cellular functions. In this concise review, we aim to provide an overview of what is currently known about the structure, expression, and functions of the FGF2 isoforms within the contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nickle
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sebastian Ko
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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3
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Fish JL. Fibroblast growth factors-An introduction to our primer series. Differentiation 2024; 139:100804. [PMID: 39117549 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Fish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
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Fujii I, Kinoshita R, Akiyama H, Nakamura A, Iwamori K, Fukada SI, Honda H, Shimizu K. Discovery of fibroblast growth factor 2-derived peptides for enhancing mice skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400278. [PMID: 39212202 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) are essential for muscle regeneration. Their proliferation and differentiation are influenced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. In this study, we screened for FGF-2-derived peptides that promote SC proliferation. Utilizing photocleavable peptide array technology, a library of 7-residue peptides was synthesized, and its effect on SC proliferation was examined using a mixture of five peptides. The results showed that peptides 1-5 (136%), 21-25 (136%), 26-30 (141%), 31-35 (159%), 71-75 (135%), 76-80 (144%), and 126-130 (137%) significantly increased SC proliferation. Further experiments revealed that peptide 33, CKNGGFF, enhanced SC proliferation. Furthermore, its extended form, peptide 33-13, CKNGGFFLRIHPD, promoted SC proliferation and increased the percentage of Pax7-positive cells, indicating that SCs were maintained in an undifferentiated state. The addition of FGF-2 and peptide 33-13 further induced cell proliferation but did not increase the percentage of Pax7-positive cells. A proliferation assay using an FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor suggested that peptide 33-13 acts through the FGFR-mediated and other pathways. Although further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms of action of these peptides and their potential for in vivo and in vitro use, the high sequence conservation of peptides 33 and 33-13 in FGF-2 across multiple species suggests their broad application prospects in biomedical engineering and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Fujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Remi Kinoshita
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Akiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayasa Nakamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Iwamori
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Li HZ, Zhang JL, Yuan DL, Xie WQ, Ladel CH, Mobasheri A, Li YS. Role of signaling pathways in age-related orthopedic diseases: focus on the fibroblast growth factor family. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38902808 PMCID: PMC11191355 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling encompasses a multitude of functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and patterning. FGFs and their receptors (FGFR) are crucial for adult tissue repair processes. Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage, bone loss, muscle reduction, and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), osteoporosis (OP), and sarcopenia. In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically, FGF1, FGF2, FGF8, FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, and FGF23 regulate the synthesis, catabolism, and ossification of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the dysregulation of FGFR expression (FGFR1 and FGFR3) promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation. In OP and sarcopenia, endocrine-derived FGFs (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues. FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles. A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration. Moreover, an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified, such as FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23. However, it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage, and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered. Presently, this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases. Besides, current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing-Lve Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong-Liang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, GA, the Netherlands.
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Piszczatowski RT, Bülow HE, Steidl U. Heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in hematopoiesis. Blood 2024; 143:2571-2587. [PMID: 38639475 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT From signaling mediators in stem cells to markers of differentiation and lineage commitment to facilitators for the entry of viruses, such as HIV-1, cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) glycans with distinct modification patterns play important roles in hematopoietic biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance of HS and the proteoglycans (HSPGs) to which they are attached within the major cellular subtypes of the hematopoietic system. We summarize the roles of HSPGs, HS, and HS modifications within each main hematopoietic cell lineage of both myeloid and lymphoid arms. Lastly, we discuss the biological advances in the detection of HS modifications and their potential to further discriminate cell types within hematopoietic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Piszczatowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Hannes E Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY
- Departments of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY
- Blood Cancer Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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7
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Mensah IK, Gowher H. Signaling Pathways Governing Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:798. [PMID: 38927734 PMCID: PMC11202427 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the largest cell type that make up the heart and confer beating activity to the heart. The proper differentiation of cardiomyocytes relies on the efficient transmission and perception of differentiation cues from several signaling pathways that influence cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression programs. Signaling pathways also mediate intercellular communications to promote proper cardiomyocyte differentiation. We have reviewed the major signaling pathways involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, including the BMP, Notch, sonic hedgehog, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways. Additionally, we highlight the differences between different cardiomyocyte cell lines and the use of these signaling pathways in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells. Finally, we conclude by discussing open questions and current gaps in knowledge about the in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes and propose new avenues of research to fill those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Chakraborty A, Yang C, Kresak JL, Silver AJ, Feier D, Tian G, Andrews M, Sobanjo OO, Hodge ED, Engelbart MK, Huang J, Harrison JK, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. KR158 Spheres Harboring Slow-Cycling Cells Recapitulate High-Grade Glioma Features in an Immunocompetent System. Cells 2024; 13:938. [PMID: 38891070 PMCID: PMC11171638 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Chakraborty
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Changlin Yang
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jesse L. Kresak
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aryeh J. Silver
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Diana Feier
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael Andrews
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Olusegun O. Sobanjo
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Ethan D. Hodge
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Mia K. Engelbart
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Jianping Huang
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Harrison
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Chapman MA, Sorg BA. A Systematic Review of Extracellular Matrix-Related Alterations in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:522. [PMID: 38928523 PMCID: PMC11201521 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood, even though it is critical for neuronal structure and signaling. This systematic review identified the top deregulated ECM-related pathways in studies that used gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) to document transcriptomic, proteomic, or genomic alterations in PD. PubMed and Google scholar were searched for transcriptomics, proteomics, or genomics studies that employed GSEA on data from PD tissues or cells and reported ECM-related pathways among the top-10 most enriched versus controls. Twenty-seven studies were included, two of which used multiple omics analyses. Transcriptomics and proteomics studies were conducted on a variety of tissue and cell types. Of the 17 transcriptomics studies (16 data sets), 13 identified one or more adhesion pathways in the top-10 deregulated gene sets or pathways, primarily related to cell adhesion and focal adhesion. Among the 8 proteomics studies, 5 identified altered overarching ECM gene sets or pathways among the top 10. Among the 4 genomics studies, 3 identified focal adhesion pathways among the top 10. The findings summarized here suggest that ECM organization/structure and cell adhesion (particularly focal adhesion) are altered in PD and should be the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara A. Sorg
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA;
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lim JH, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic applications of biological macromolecules and scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131411. [PMID: 38588841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) mass and strength maintenance are important requirements for human well-being. SM regeneration to repair minor injuries depends upon the myogenic activities of muscle satellite (stem) cells. However, losses of regenerative properties following volumetric muscle loss or severe trauma or due to congenital muscular abnormalities are not self-restorable, and thus, these conditions have major healthcare implications and pose clinical challenges. In this context, tissue engineering based on different types of biomaterials and scaffolds provides an encouraging means of structural and functional SM reconstruction. In particular, biomimetic (able to transmit biological signals) and several porous scaffolds are rapidly evolving. Several biological macromolecules/biomaterials (collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and fibrin etc.) are being widely used for SM regeneration. However, available alternatives for SM regeneration must be redesigned to make them more user-friendly and economically feasible with longer shelf lives. This review aimed to explore the biological aspects of SM regeneration and the roles played by several biological macromolecules and scaffolds in SM regeneration in cases of volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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11
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Loffredo LF, Surpur A, Ringham OR, Li F, de Los Santos-Alexis K, Arpaia N. Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin signaling towards reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591175. [PMID: 38712053 PMCID: PMC11071614 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Amphiregulin (Areg), a growth factor produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells to facilitate tissue repair/regeneration, contains a heparan sulfate (HS) binding domain. How HS, a highly sulfated glycan subtype that alters growth factor signaling, influences Areg repair/regeneration functions is unclear. Here we report that inhibition of HS in various cell lines and primary lung mesenchymal cells (LMC) qualitatively alters downstream signaling and highlights the existence of HS-dependent vs. -independent Areg transcriptional signatures. Utilizing a panel of cell lines with targeted deletions in HS synthesis-related genes, we found that the presence of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is critical for Areg signaling and confirmed this dependency in primary LMC by siRNA-mediated knockdown. Furthermore, in the context of influenza A (IAV) infection in vivo , we found that an Areg-responsive subset of reparative LMC upregulate glypican-4 and HS. Conditional deletion of HS primarily within this LMC subset resulted in reduced blood oxygen saturation following infection with IAV, with no changes in viral load. Finally, we found that co-culture of HS-knockout LMC with IAV-induced Treg cells results in reduced LMC responses. Collectively, this study reveals the essentiality of HS on a specific lung mesenchymal population as a mediator of Treg cell-derived Areg reparative signaling during IAV infection.
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12
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Doyle DA, DeAngelis PL, Ballard JD. CSPG4-dependent cytotoxicity for C. difficile TcdB is influenced by extracellular calcium and chondroitin sulfate. mSphere 2024; 9:e0009424. [PMID: 38470254 PMCID: PMC11036797 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00094-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
TcdB is an intracellular bacterial toxin indispensable to Clostridioides difficile infections. The ability to use chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) as a primary cell surface receptor is evolutionarily conserved by the two major variants of TcdB. As CSPG4 does not typically undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, we sought to identify environmental factors that stabilize interactions between TcdB and CSPG4 to promote cell binding and entry into the cytosol. Using a series of TcdB receptor-binding mutants and cell lines with various receptor expression profiles, we discovered that extracellular Ca2+ promotes receptor-specific interactions with TcdB. Specifically, TcdB exhibits preferential binding to CSPG4 in the presence of Ca2+, with the absence of Ca2+ resulting in CSPG4-independent cell surface interactions. Furthermore, Ca2+ did not enhance TcdB binding to chondroitin sulfate (CS), the sole glycosaminoglycan of CSPG4. Instead, CS was found to impact the rate of cell entry by TcdB. Collectively, results from this study indicate that Ca2+ enhances cell binding by TcdB and CS interactions contribute to subsequent steps in cell entry. IMPORTANCE Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal illness, and many disease pathologies are caused by the toxin TcdB. TcdB engages multiple cell surface receptors, with receptor tropisms differing among the variants of the toxin. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a critical receptor for multiple forms of TcdB, and insights into TcdB-CSPG4 interactions are applicable to many disease-causing strains of C. difficile. CSPG4 is modified by chondroitin sulfate (CS) and contains laminin-G repeats stabilized by Ca2+, yet the relative contributions of CS and Ca2+ to TcdB cytotoxicity have not been determined. This study demonstrates distinct roles in TcdB cell binding and cell entry for Ca2+ and CS, respectively. These effects are specific to CSPG4 and contribute to the activities of a prominent isoform of TcdB that utilizes this receptor. These findings advance an understanding of factors contributing to TcdB's mechanism of action and contribution to C. difficile disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Annie Doyle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jimmy D. Ballard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Hashimoto U, Fujitani N, Uehara Y, Okamoto H, Saitou A, Ito F, Ariki S, Shiratsuchi A, Hasegawa Y, Takahashi M. N-glycan on N262 of FGFR3 regulates the intracellular localization and phosphorylation of the receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130565. [PMID: 38244702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
N-glycosylation and proper processing of N-glycans are required for the function of membrane proteins including cell surface receptors. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is involved in a wide variety of biological processes including embryonic development, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Human FGFR3 contains six potential N-glycosylation sites, however, the roles of glycosylation have not been elucidated. The site-specific profiles of N-glycans of the FGFR3 extracellular domain expressed and secreted by CHO-K1 cells were examined, and glycan occupancies and structures of four sites were determined. The results indicated that most sites were fully occupied by glycans, and the dominant populations were the complex type. By examining single N-glycan deletion mutants of FGFR3, it was found that N262Q mutation significantly increased the population with oligomannose-type N-glycans, which was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Protein stability assay suggested that fraction with oligomannose-type N-glycans in the N262Q mutant is more stable than those in the wild type and other mutants. Furthermore, it was found that ligand-independent phosphorylation was significantly upregulated in N262Q mutants with complex type N-glycans. The findings suggest that N-glycans on N262 of FGFR3 affect the intracellular localization and phosphorylation status of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saitou
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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14
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Truchan K, Osyczka AM. Noggin promotes osteogenesis in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via FGFR2/Src/Akt and ERK signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6724. [PMID: 38509118 PMCID: PMC10954655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The balance between Noggin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is important during early development and skeletal regenerative therapies. Noggin binds BMPs in the extracellular space, thereby preventing BMP signaling. However, Noggin may affect cell response not necessarily through the modulation of BMP signaling, raising the possibility of direct Noggin signaling through yet unspecified receptors. Here we show that in osteogenic cultures of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), Noggin activates fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), Src/Akt and ERK kinases, and it stabilizes TAZ proteins in the presence of dexamethasone. Overall, this leads ASCs to increased expression of osteogenic markers and robust mineral deposition. Our results also indicate that Noggin can induce osteogenic genes expression in normal human bone marrow stem cells and alkaline phosphatase activity in normal human dental pulp stem cells. Besides, Noggin can specifically activate FGFR2 in osteosarcoma cells. We believe our findings open new research avenues to further explore the involvement of Noggin in cell fate modulation by FGFR2/Src/Akt/ERK signaling and potential applications of Noggin in bone regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Truchan
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Maria Osyczka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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15
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Chakraborty A, Yang C, Kresak JL, Silver A, Feier D, Tian G, Andrews M, Sobanjo OO, Hodge ED, Engelbart MK, Huang J, Harrison JK, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. KR158 spheres harboring slow-cycling cells recapitulate GBM features in an immunocompetent system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577279. [PMID: 38501121 PMCID: PMC10945590 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment-resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor-microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM-pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections.
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16
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Zangerolamo L, Carvalho M, Velloso LA, Barbosa HCL. Endocrine FGFs and their signaling in the brain: Relevance for energy homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176248. [PMID: 38056616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2000, there has been a continuous expansion of studies investigating the physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 comprise a subfamily with attributes that distinguish them from typical FGFs, as they can act as hormones and are, therefore, referred to as endocrine FGFs. As they participate in a broad cross-organ endocrine signaling axis, endocrine FGFs are crucial lipidic, glycemic, and energetic metabolism regulators during energy availability fluctuations. They function as powerful metabolic signals in physiological responses induced by metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes and obesity. Pharmacologically, FGF19 and FGF21 cause body weight loss and ameliorate glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure in rodents and humans. In contrast, FGF23 expression in mice and humans has been linked with insulin resistance and obesity. Here, we discuss emerging concepts in endocrine FGF signaling in the brain and critically assess their putative role as therapeutic targets for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zangerolamo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Carvalho
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Dizaj SM, Rezaei Y, Namaki F, Sharifi S, Abdolahinia ED. Effect of Curcumin-containing Nanofibrous Gelatin-hydroxyapatite Scaffold on Proliferation and Early Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Pharm Nanotechnol 2024; 12:262-268. [PMID: 37592779 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230817102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the electrospinning method has received attention because of its usage in producing a mimetic nanocomposite scaffold for tissue regeneration. Hydroxyapatite and gelatin are suitable materials for producing scaffolds, and curcumin has the osteogenesis induction effect. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and early osteogenic differentiation stimulation of nanofibrous gelatin-hydroxyapatite scaffold containing curcumin on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was the evaluation of the proliferative effect and primary osteogenic stimulation of DPSCs with a nanofibrous gelatin-hydroxyapatite scaffold containing curcumin. Hydroxyapatite and gelatin were used as suitable and biocompatible materials to make a scaffold suitable for stimulating osteogenesis. Curcumin was added to the scaffold as an osteogenic differentiation- enhancing agent. METHODS The effect of nano-scaffold on the proliferation of DPSCs was evaluated. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as the early osteogenic marker was considered to assess primary osteogenesis stimulation in DPSCs. RESULTS The nanofibrous gelatin-hydroxyapatite scaffold containing curcumin significantly increased the proliferation and the ALP activity of DPSCs (P<0.05). The proliferative effect was insignificant in the first 2 days, but the scaffold increased cell proliferation by more than 40% in the fourth and sixth days. The prepared scaffold increased the activity of the ALP of DPSCs by 60% compared with the control after 14 days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The produced nanofibrous gelatin-hydroxyapatite scaffold containing curcumin can be utilized as a potential candidate in tissue engineering and regeneration of bone and tooth. FUTURE PROSPECTS The prepared scaffold in the present study could be a beneficial biomaterial for tissue engineering and the regeneration of bone and tooth soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yashar Rezaei
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namaki
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Cooper EJ, Scholpp S. Transport and gradient formation of Wnt and Fgf in the early zebrafish gastrula. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 157:125-153. [PMID: 38556457 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Within embryonic development, the occurrence of gastrulation is critical in the formation of multiple germ layers with many differentiative abilities. These cells are instructed through exposure to signalling molecules called morphogens. The secretion of morphogens from a source tissue creates a concentration gradient that allows distinct pattern formation in the receiving tissue. This review focuses on the morphogens Wnt and Fgf in zebrafish development. Wnt has been shown to have critical roles throughout gastrulation, including in anteroposterior patterning and neural posterisation. Fgf is also a vital signal, contributing to involution and mesodermal specification. Both morphogens have also been found to work in finely balanced synergy for processes such as neural induction. Thus, the signalling range of Wnts and Fgfs must be strictly controlled to target the correct target cells. Fgf and Wnts signal to local cells as well as to cells in the distance in a highly regulated way, requiring specific dissemination mechanisms that allow efficient and precise signalling over short and long distances. Multiple transportation mechanisms have been discovered to aid in producing a stable morphogen gradient, including short-range diffusion, filopodia-like extensions called cytonemes and extracellular vesicles, mainly exosomes. These mechanisms are specific to the morphogen that they transport and the intended signalling range. This review article discusses how spreading mechanisms in these two morphogenetic systems differ and the consequences on paracrine signalling, hence tissue patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Cooper
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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19
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Johns SC, Gupta P, Lee YH, Friend J, Fuster MM. Glycocalyx transduces membrane leak in brain tumor cells exposed to sharp magnetic pulsing. Biophys J 2023; 122:4425-4439. [PMID: 37992690 PMCID: PMC10698326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which electric (E) or magnetic (B) fields might be harnessed to affect tumor cell behavior remain poorly defined, presenting a barrier to translation. We hypothesized in early studies that the glycocalyx of lung cancer cells might play a role in mediating plasma membrane leak by low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields (Lf-PMF) generated on a low-energy solenoid platform. In testing glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells known to overexpress glycoproteins rich in modifications by the anionic glycan sialic acid (Sia), exposure of brain tumor cells on the same platform to a pulse train that included a 5 min 50Hz Lf-PMF (dB/dt ∼ 2 T/s at 10 ms pulse widths) induced a very modest but significant protease leak above that of control nonexposed cells (with modest but significant reductions in long-term tumor cell viability after the 5 min exposure). Using a markedly higher dB/dt system (80 T/s pulses, 70 μs pulse-width at 5.9 cm from a MagVenture coil source) induced markedly greater leak by the same cells, and eliminating Sia by treating cells with AUS sialidase immediately preexposure abrogated the effect entirely in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and partially in T98G glioblastoma cells. The system demonstrated significant leak (including inward leak of propidium iodide), with reduced leak at lower dB/dt in a variety of tumor cells. The ability to abrogate Lf-PMF protease leak by pretreatment with sialidase in SH-SY5Y brain tumor cells or with heparin lyase in A549 lung tumor cells indicated the importance of heavy Sia or heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan glycocalyx modifications as dominant glycan species mediating Lf-PMF membrane leak in respective tumor cells. This "first-physical" Lf-PMF tumor glycocalyx event, with downstream cell stress, may represent a critical and "tunable" transduction mechanism that depends on characteristic anionic glycans overexpressed by distinct malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California
| | - Purva Gupta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yi-Hung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James Friend
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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20
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Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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21
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Ebstein SY, Rafique A, Zhou Y, Krasco A, Montalvo-Ortiz W, Yu L, Custodio L, Adam RC, Bloch N, Lee K, Adewale F, Vergata D, Luz A, Coquery S, Daniel B, Ullman E, Franklin MC, Hermann A, Huang T, Olson W, Davis S, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Wei J, Skokos D. VSIG4 interaction with heparan sulfates inhibits VSIG4-complement binding. Glycobiology 2023; 33:591-604. [PMID: 37341346 PMCID: PMC10426322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) is a complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is specifically expressed on tissue resident macrophages, and its many reported functions and binding partners suggest a complex role in immune function. VSIG4 is reported to have a role in immune surveillance as well as in modulating diverse disease phenotypes such as infections, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. However, the mechanism(s) governing VSIG4's complex, context-dependent role in immune regulation remains elusive. Here, we identify cell surface and soluble glycosaminoglycans, specifically heparan sulfates, as novel binding partners of VSIG4. We demonstrate that genetic deletion of heparan sulfate synthesis enzymes or cleavage of cell-surface heparan sulfates reduced VSIG4 binding to the cell surface. Furthermore, binding studies demonstrate that VSIG4 interacts directly with heparan sulfates, with a preference for highly sulfated moieties and longer glycosaminoglycan chains. To assess the impact on VSIG4 biology, we show that heparan sulfates compete with known VSIG4 binding partners C3b and iC3b. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies indicate that this competition occurs through overlapping binding epitopes for heparan sulfates and complement on VSIG4. Together these data suggest a novel role for heparan sulfates in VSIG4-dependent immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y Ebstein
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Amanda Krasco
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Welby Montalvo-Ortiz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Lola Yu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Luisaidy Custodio
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Rene C Adam
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Nicolin Bloch
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Ken Lee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Funmilola Adewale
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Dominic Vergata
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Antonio Luz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Sebastien Coquery
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Benjamin Daniel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Matthew C Franklin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Aynur Hermann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Samuel Davis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Joyce Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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22
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Urschel K, Hug KP, Zuo H, Büttner M, Furtmair R, Kuehn C, Stumpfe FM, Botos B, Achenbach S, Yuan Y, Dietel B, Tauchi M. The Shear Stress-Regulated Expression of Glypican-4 in Endothelial Dysfunction In Vitro and Its Clinical Significance in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11595. [PMID: 37511353 PMCID: PMC10380765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retention of circulating lipoproteins by their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules has been suggested as an underlying mechanism for atherosclerosis. We investigated the role of glypican-4 (GPC4), a heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan, in the development of endothelial dysfunction and plaque progression; Expression of GPC4 and HS was investigated in human umbilical vein/artery endothelial cells (HUVECs/HUAECs) using flow cytometry, qPCR, and immunofluorescent staining. Leukocyte adhesion was determined in HUVECs in bifurcation chamber slides under dynamic flow. The association between the degree of inflammation and GPC4, HS, and syndecan-4 expressions was analyzed in human carotid plaques; GPC4 was expressed in HUVECs/HUAECs. In HUVECs, GPC4 protein expression was higher in laminar than in non-uniform shear stress regions after a 1-day or 10-day flow (p < 0.01 each). The HS expression was higher under laminar flow after a 1 day (p < 0.001). Monocytic THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs was facilitated by GPC4 knock-down (p < 0.001) without affecting adhesion molecule expression. GPC4 and HS expression was lower in more-inflamed than in less-inflamed plaque shoulders (p < 0.05, each), especially in vulnerable plaque sections; Reduced expression of GPC4 was associated with atherogenic conditions, suggesting the involvement of GPC4 in both early and advanced stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Urschel
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Karsten P. Hug
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Hanxiao Zuo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Michael Büttner
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Roman Furtmair
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Constanze Kuehn
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Florian M. Stumpfe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Balaz Botos
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Miyuki Tauchi
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
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Rodriguez SMB, Kamel A, Ciubotaru GV, Onose G, Sevastre AS, Sfredel V, Danoiu S, Dricu A, Tataranu LG. An Overview of EGFR Mechanisms and Their Implications in Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11110. [PMID: 37446288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all of the progress in understanding its molecular biology and pathogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancers, and without an efficient treatment modality at the moment, it remains largely incurable. Nowadays, one of the most frequently studied molecules with important implications in the pathogenesis of the classical subtype of GBM is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although many clinical trials aiming to study EGFR targeted therapies have been performed, none of them have reported promising clinical results when used in glioma patients. The resistance of GBM to these therapies was proven to be both acquired and innate, and it seems to be influenced by a cumulus of factors such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, mutations, heterogeneity and compensatory signaling pathways. Recently, it was shown that EGFR possesses kinase-independent (KID) pro-survival functions in cancer cells. It seems imperative to understand how the EGFR signaling pathways function and how they interconnect with other pathways. Furthermore, it is important to identify the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop better tailored therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mara Baez Rodriguez
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Vasile Ciubotaru
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Thomas SM, Li Q, Faul C. Fibroblast growth factor 23, klotho and heparin. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:313-323. [PMID: 37195242 PMCID: PMC10241433 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by targeting the kidney. When highly elevated, such as in chronic kidney disease (CKD), FGF23 can also target the heart and induce pathologic remodeling. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underlie the physiologic and pathologic actions of FGF23, with focus on its FGF receptors (FGFR) and co-receptors. RECENT FINDINGS Klotho is a transmembrane protein that acts as an FGFR co-receptor for FGF23 on physiologic target cells. Klotho also exists as a circulating variant, and recent studies suggested that soluble klotho (sKL) can mediate FGF23 effects in cells that do not express klotho. Furthermore, it has been assumed that the actions of FGF23 do not require heparan sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan that acts as a co-receptor for other FGF isoforms. However, recent studies revealed that HS can be part of the FGF23:FGFR signaling complex and modulate FGF23-induced effects. SUMMARY sKL and HS have appeared as circulating FGFR co-receptors that modulate the actions of FGF23. Experimental studies suggest that sKL protects from and HS accelerates CKD-associated heart injury. However, the in vivo relevance of these findings is still speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madison Thomas
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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25
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Whitefield C, Vo Y, Schwartz BD, Hepburn C, Ahmed FH, Onagi H, Banwell MG, Nelms K, Malins LR, Jackson CJ. Complex Inhibitory Mechanism of Glycomimetics with Heparanase. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37368361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is the only mammalian endo-β-glucuronidase known to catalyze the degradation of heparan sulfate. Dysfunction of HPSE activity has been linked to several disease states, resulting in HPSE becoming the target of numerous therapeutic programs, yet no drug has passed clinical trials to date. Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a heterogeneous, FDA-approved drug for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and a known HPSE inhibitor. However, due to its heterogeneity, characterization of its mechanism of HPSE inhibition is challenging. Here, we show that inhibition of HPSE by PPS is complex, involving multiple overlapping binding events, each influenced by factors such as oligosaccharide length and inhibitor-induced changes in the protein secondary structure. The present work advances our molecular understanding of the inhibition of HPSE and will aid in the development of therapeutics for the treatment of a broad range of pathologies associated with enzyme dysfunction, including cancer, inflammatory disease, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yen Vo
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Caryn Hepburn
- Waters Australia Pty Ltd, 38-46 South Street, Rydalmere, New South Wales 2116, Australia
| | - F Hafna Ahmed
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hideki Onagi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Keats Nelms
- Beta Therapeutics Pty. Ltd. Level 6, 121 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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26
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Zaka Khosravi S, Molaei Ramshe S, Allahbakhshian Farsani M, Moonesi M, Marofi F, Hagh MF. An overview of the molecular and clinical significance of the angiopoietin system in leukemia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37186553 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2204983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The angiogenesis efficacy in solid tumors and hematological malignancies has been identified for more than twenty years. Although the exact role of angiogenesis in leukemia as a common hematological malignancy has not yet been extensively studied, its effect is demonstrated on the initiation and maintenance of a favorable microenvironment for leukemia cell proliferation. The angiopoietin family is a defined molecular mediator for angiogenesis, which contributes to vascular permeability and angiogenesis initiation. They participate in the angiogenesis process by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (Tie) on endothelial cells. Considering the role of angiogenesis in leukemia development and the crucial effects of the Ang-Tie system in angiogenesis regulation, many studies have focused on the correlation between the Ang-Tie system and leukemia diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. In this study, we reviewed the Ang-Tie system's potential diagnostic and therapeutic effects in different types of leukemia in the gene expression level analysis approach. The angiopoietin family context-dependent manner prevents us from defining its actual function in leukemia, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zaka Khosravi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Molaei Ramshe
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Moonesi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Farshdousti Hagh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Suzuki H, Kitamura K, Goto N, Ishikawa K, Ouchida T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. A Novel Anti-CD44 Variant 3 Monoclonal Antibody C 44Mab-6 Was Established for Multiple Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8411. [PMID: 37176118 PMCID: PMC10179237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) promotes tumor progression through the recruitment of growth factors and the acquisition of stemness, invasiveness, and drug resistance. CD44 has multiple isoforms including CD44 standard (CD44s) and CD44 variants (CD44v), which have common and unique functions in tumor development. Therefore, elucidating the function of each CD44 isoform in a tumor is essential for the establishment of CD44-targeting tumor therapy. We have established various anti-CD44s and anti-CD44v monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through the immunization of CD44v3-10-overexpressed cells. In this study, we established C44Mab-6 (IgG1, kappa), which recognized the CD44 variant 3-encoded region (CD44v3), as determined via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C44Mab-6 reacted with CD44v3-10-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells (CHO/CD44v3-10) or some cancer cell lines (COLO205 and HSC-3) via flow cytometry. The apparent KD of C44Mab-6 for CHO/CD44v3-10, COLO205, and HSC-3 was 1.5 × 10-9 M, 6.3 × 10-9 M, and 1.9 × 10-9 M, respectively. C44Mab-6 could detect the CD44v3-10 in Western blotting and stained the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor sections in immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that C44Mab-6 is useful for detecting CD44v3 in various experiments and is expected for the application of tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kaishi Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Nohara Goto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Kenichiro Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.K.); (N.G.); (K.I.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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28
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Goutam RS, Kumar V, Lee U, Kim J. Exploring the Structural and Functional Diversity among FGF Signals: A Comparative Study of Human, Mouse, and Xenopus FGF Ligands in Embryonic Development and Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087556. [PMID: 37108717 PMCID: PMC10146080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) encode a large family of growth factor proteins that activate several intracellular signaling pathways to control diverse physiological functions. The human genome encodes 22 FGFs that share a high sequence and structural homology with those of other vertebrates. FGFs orchestrate diverse biological functions by regulating cellular differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Dysregulated FGF signaling may contribute to several pathological conditions, including cancer. Notably, FGFs exhibit wide functional diversity among different vertebrates spatiotemporally. A comparative study of FGF receptor ligands and their diverse roles in vertebrates ranging from embryonic development to pathological conditions may expand our understanding of FGF. Moreover, targeting diverse FGF signals requires knowledge regarding their structural and functional heterogeneity among vertebrates. This study summarizes the current understanding of human FGF signals and correlates them with those in mouse and Xenopus models, thereby facilitating the identification of therapeutic targets for various human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- iPS Bio, Inc., 3F, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13522, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yeh CJ, Sattler KM, Lepper C. Molecular regulation of satellite cells via intercellular signaling. Gene 2023; 858:147172. [PMID: 36621659 PMCID: PMC9928918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are tissue-specific reserve cells tasked to sustain tissue homeostasis in adulthood and/or effect tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. The stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue are the satellite cells, which were originally described and named after their localization beneath the muscle fiber lamina and attached to the multi-nucleated muscle fibers. During adult homeostasis, satellite cells are maintained in quiescence, a state of reversible cell cycle arrest. Yet, upon injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, becoming highly mitotically active to generate large numbers of myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate the injured muscle fibers. A subset self-renews to replenish the pool of muscle stem cells.Complex intrinsic gene regulatory networks maintain the quiescent state of satellite cells, or upon injury, direct their activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Molecular cues from the satellite cells' environment provide the essential information as to when and where satellite cells are to stay quiescent or break quiescence and effect regenerative myogenesis. Predominantly, these cues are secreted, diffusible or membrane-bound ligands that bind to and activate their specific cognate receptors on the satellite cell to activate downstream signaling cascades and elicit context-specific cell behavior. This review aims to offer a concise overview of major intercellular signaling pathways regulating satellite cells during quiescence and in injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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30
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Mirzaeian L, Eivazkhani F, Saber M, Moini A, Esfandiari F, Valojerdi MR, Fathi R. In-vivo oogenesis of oogonial and mesenchymal stem cells seeded in transplanted ovarian extracellular matrix. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:56. [PMID: 36941728 PMCID: PMC10029222 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (S) One way to overcome the recurrence of cancer cells following ovarian tissue transplantation is to use decellularized tissues as a scaffold that does not have any cellular components. These cell-free scaffolds can be seeded with different type of stem cells for ovarian restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS OSCs, PMSCs and BMSCs (oogonial, peritoneal and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, respectively) were seeded into human decellularized ovarian tissue as 4 groups: Scaffold + OSCs (SO), Scaffold + OSC + PMSCs (SOP), Scaffold + OSC + BMSCs (SOB) and Scaffold + OSC + PMSCs + BMSCs (SOPB). The produced grafts were transplanted into the sub-peritoneal space of ovariectomized NMRI mice as artificial ovary (AO). The expression of Vegf, CD34, Gdf9, Zp3, Ddx4, Amh and Lhr genes in AOs were measured by qRT-PCR. Also, histotechniques were considered to detect the anti GFP, PCNA, VEGF, GDF9, ZP3 and AMH proteins. RESULTS H & E staining showed follicle-like structures in all groups; the number of these structures, in the SOP and SOB groups, were the highest. In SO group, differentiation ability to oocyte and granulosa cells was observed. Endothelial, oocyte, germ, and granulosa cell-like cells were specially seen in SOP and angiogenesis capability was more in SOB group. However, angiogenesis ability and differentiation to theca cell-like cells were more often in SOPB group. While none of the groups showed a significant difference in AMH level, estradiol levels were significantly higher in SOPB group. CONCLUSION Integration of OSCs + PMSCs and those OSCs + BMSCs were more conducive to oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Farideh Eivazkhani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Maryam Saber
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Surgery, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
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Ray AT, Soriano P. FGF signaling regulates salivary gland branching morphogenesis by modulating cell adhesion. Development 2023; 150:dev201293. [PMID: 36861436 PMCID: PMC10112918 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of FGF signaling leads to defects in salivary gland branching, but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain largely unknown. We disrupted expression of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in salivary gland epithelial cells and found that both receptors function coordinately in regulating branching. Strikingly, branching morphogenesis in double knockouts is restored by Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 (Fgfr1/2) knock-in alleles incapable of engaging canonical RTK signaling, suggesting that additional FGF-dependent mechanisms play a role in salivary gland branching. Fgfr1/2 conditional null mutants showed defective cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, both of which have been shown to play instructive roles in salivary gland branching. Loss of FGF signaling led to disordered cell-basement membrane interactions in vivo as well as in organ culture. This was partially restored upon introducing Fgfr1/2 wild-type or signaling alleles that are incapable of eliciting canonical intracellular signaling. Together, our results identify non-canonical FGF signaling mechanisms that regulate branching morphogenesis through cell-adhesion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan T. Ray
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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32
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Du P, Diao L, Lu Y, Liu C, Li J, Chen Y, Chen J, Lv G, Chen X. Heparin-based sericin hydrogel-encapsulated basic fibroblast growth factor for in vitro and in vivo skin repair. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13554. [PMID: 36851964 PMCID: PMC9958445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of full-thickness cutaneous wounds remains a significant challenge in clinical therapeutics. Exogenous growth factor (GF) has been applied in clinics to promote wound healing. However, the retention of GF on the wound bed after its direct application to the wound surface is difficult. Moreover, growth factors (GFs) are always inactivated in the complex wound healing microenvironment due to various factors, which significantly decrease the therapeutic effect. Sericin hydrogel (S) can be used as an effective carrier for GFs owing to its low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and good healing-promoting ability. Here, we designed a heparin-based sericin hydrogel (HS) -encapsulated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF-HS) to facilitate wound healing and skin regeneration. The hydrogel exhibited a three-dimensional (3D) microporous structure, excellent biodegradability, good adhesiveness, and low cytotoxicity. In vitro release of bFGF from bFGF-HS coacervates revealed that bFGF-HS might control the release of bFGF within 25 days through heparin regulation. bFGF-HS significantly promoted vascularization and re-epithelialization and improved collagen deposition, ultimately accelerating wound healing in vivo in mice. bFGF-HS treated wounds were also found to have more hair follicles and milder inflammatory reactions. Overall, this study provides a new therapeutic approach for full-thickness skin defect wounds using bFGF-HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Du
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ling Diao
- The Affifiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yichi Lu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- The Affifiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Jin Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guozhong Lv
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- The Affifiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Radoszkiewicz K, Hribljan V, Isakovic J, Mitrecic D, Sarnowska A. Critical points for optimizing long-term culture and neural differentiation capacity of rodent and human neural stem cells to facilitate translation into clinical settings. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114353. [PMID: 36841464 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of research on the nature and functional properties of neural stem cells, which brought great advances in regenerative medicine, there is still a plethora of ambiguous protocols and interpretations linked to their applications. Here, we present a whole spectrum of protocol elements that should be standardized in order to obtain viable cell cultures and facilitate their translation into clinical settings. Additionally, this review also presents outstanding limitations and possible problems to be encountered when dealing with protocol optimization. Most importantly, we also outline the critical points that should be considered before starting any experiments utilizing neural stem cells or interpreting their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Isakovic
- Omnion Research International Ltd, Heinzelova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrecic
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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34
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Fibroblast growth factor-2 bound to specific dermal fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles is protected from degradation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22131. [PMID: 36550142 PMCID: PMC9780220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) has multiple roles in cutaneous wound healing but its natural low stability prevents the development of its use in skin repair therapies. Here we show that FGF2 binds the outer surface of dermal fibroblast (DF)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and this association protects FGF2 from fast degradation. EVs isolated from DF cultured in the presence of FGF2 harbor FGF2 on their surface and FGF2 can bind purified EVs in absence of cells. Remarkably, FGF2 binding to EVs is restricted to a specific subpopulation of EVs, which do not express CD63 and CD81 markers. Treatment of DF with FGF2-EVs activated ERK and STAT signaling pathways and increased cell proliferation and migration. Local injection of FGF2-EVs improved wound healing in mice. We further demonstrated that binding to EVs protects FGF2 from both thermal and proteolytic degradation, thus maintaining FGF2 function. This suggests that EVs protect soluble factors from degradation and increase their stability and half-life. These results reveal a novel aspect of EV function and suggest EVs as a potential tool for delivering FGF2 in skin healing therapies.
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Saad M, El-Menyar A, Kunji K, Ullah E, Al Suwaidi J, Kullo IJ. Validation of Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease in a Middle Eastern Cohort Using Whole Genome Sequencing. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2022; 15:e003712. [PMID: 36252120 PMCID: PMC9770120 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enthusiasm for using polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in clinical practice is tempered by concerns about their portability to diverse ancestry groups, thus motivating genome-wide association studies in non-European ancestry cohorts. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study for coronary heart disease in a Middle Eastern cohort using whole genome sequencing and assessed the performance of 6 PRSs developed with methods including LDpred (PGS000296), metaGRS (PGS000018), Pruning and Thresholding (PGS000337), and an EnsemblePRS we developed. Additionally, we evaluated the burden of rare variants in lipid genes in cases and controls. Whole genome sequencing at 30× coverage was performed in 1067 coronary heart disease cases (mean age=59 years; 70.3% males) and 6170 controls (mean age=40 years; 43.5% males). RESULTS The majority of PRSs performed well; odds ratio (OR) per 1 SD increase (OR1sd) was highest for PGS000337 (OR1sd=1.81, 95% CI [1.66-1.98], P=3.07×10-41). EnsemblePRS performed better than individual PRSs (OR1sd=1.8, 95% CI [1.66-1.96], P=5.89×10-44). The OR for the 10th decile versus the remaining deciles was >3.2 for PGS000337, PGS000296, PGS000018, and reached 4.58 for EnsemblePRS. Of 400 known genome-wide significant loci, 33 replicated at P<10-4. However, the 9p21 locus did not replicate. Six suggestive (P<10-5) new loci/genes with plausible biological function were identified (eg, CORO7, RBM47, PDE4D). The burden of rare functional variants in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, and ANGPTL4 was greater in cases than controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrate that PRSs derived from European ancestry genome-wide association studies performed well in a Middle Eastern cohort, suggesting these could be used in the clinical setting while ancestry-specific PRSs are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Saad
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar (M.S., K.K., E.U.)
| | | | - Khalid Kunji
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar (M.S., K.K., E.U.)
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar (M.S., K.K., E.U.)
| | | | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K.)
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36
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Pretorius D, Richter RP, Anand T, Cardenas JC, Richter JR. Alterations in heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis and sulfation and the impact on vascular endothelial function. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100121. [PMID: 36160687 PMCID: PMC9494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx attached to the apical surface of vascular endothelial cells is a rich network of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins with instrumental roles in vascular homeostasis. Given their molecular complexity and ability to interact with the intra- and extracellular environment, heparan sulfate proteoglycans uniquely contribute to the glycocalyx's role in regulating endothelial permeability, mechanosignaling, and ligand recognition by cognate cell surface receptors. Much attention has recently been devoted to the enzymatic shedding of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from the endothelial glycocalyx and its impact on vascular function. However, other molecular modifications to heparan sulfate proteoglycans are possible and may have equal or complementary clinical significance. In this narrative review, we focus on putative mechanisms driving non-proteolytic changes in heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression and alterations in the sulfation of heparan sulfate side chains within the endothelial glycocalyx. We then discuss how these specific changes to the endothelial glycocalyx impact endothelial cell function and highlight therapeutic strategies to target or potentially reverse these pathologic changes.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- CLP, cecal ligation and puncture
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- EXT, Exostosin
- EXTL, Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase
- FFP, Fresh frozen plasma
- FGF, Fibroblast growth factor
- FGFR1, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
- GAG, Glycosaminoglycan
- GPC, Glypican
- Gal, Galactose
- GlcA, Glucuronic acid
- GlcNAc, N-actetyl glucosamine
- Glycocalyx
- HLMVEC, Human lung microvascular endothelial cell
- HS, Heparan sulfate
- HS2ST, Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase
- HS3ST, Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase
- HS6ST, Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase
- HSPG, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- HUVEC, Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NDST, N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SDC, Syndecan
- Sulf, Endosulfatase
- Sulfation
- Synthesis
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- UA, Hexuronic acid
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascular endothelium
- XYLT, Xylosyltransferase
- Xyl, Xylose
- eGCX, Endothelial glycocalyx
- eNOS, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pretorius
- Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert P. Richter
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Tanya Anand
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn & Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jessica C. Cardenas
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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38
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Shahi S, Sharifi S, Khalilov R, Dizaj SM, Abdolahinia ED. Gelatin-hydroxyapatite Fibrous Nanocomposite for Regenerative Dentistry and bone Tissue Engineering. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2208200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
This study aimed to prepare and physicochemically evaluate as well as assess the cytotoxicity and stimulation of early osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells of gelatin-hydroxyapatite (Gel-HA) fibrous nanocomposite scaffold.
Background:
Recently, the electrospinning approach in nanotechnology has been considered due to its application in the preparation of biomimetic nanofibers for tissue engineering.
Objective:
The main objective of this study was to evaluate Gel-HA fibrous nanocomposite for regenerative dentistry and bone tissue engineering material.
Methods:
The nano-scaffold was prepared via the electrospinning method. Then, the physicochemical properties (particle size, surface charge, morphology, hydrophilicity, specific surface area, crystalline state and the characterization of functional groups) and the proliferative effects of nano-scaffolds on dental pulp stem cells were assessed. The alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed for evaluation of early osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.
Results:
The prepared nano-scaffolds had a negative surface charge (-30 mv±1.3), mono-dispersed nano-scale diameter (98 nm±1.2), crystalline state and fibrous uniform morphology without any bead (structural defects). The nanofibrous scaffold showed increased hydrophobicity compared to gelatin nanofibers. Based on Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of Gel-HA nanofibers decreased compared to gelatin nanofibers. The Gel-HA nano-fibers showed the proliferative effect and increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of cells significantly (P<0.05).
Conclusion:
The prepared Gel-HA nanofibers can be considered potential candidates for application in bone tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry.
Other:
Gel-HA nanofibers could be a potential material for bone regeneration and regenerative dentistry in the near future.
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Pathogenic Roles of Heparan Sulfate and Its Use as a Biomarker in Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911724. [PMID: 36233030 PMCID: PMC9570396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycosaminoglycan (GAG) as a component of proteoglycans, which are present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. HS-containing proteoglycans not only function as structural constituents of the basal lamina but also play versatile roles in various physiological processes, including cell signaling and organ development. Thus, inherited mutations of genes associated with the biosynthesis or degradation of HS can cause various diseases, particularly those involving the bones and central nervous system (CNS). Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders involving GAG accumulation throughout the body caused by a deficiency of GAG-degrading enzymes. GAGs are stored differently in different types of MPSs. Particularly, HS deposition is observed in patients with MPS types I, II, III, and VII, all which involve progressive neuropathy with multiple CNS system symptoms. While therapies are available for certain symptoms in some types of MPSs, significant unmet medical needs remain, such as neurocognitive impairment. This review presents recent knowledge on the pathophysiological roles of HS focusing on the pathogenesis of MPSs. We also discuss the possible use and significance of HS as a biomarker for disease severity and therapeutic response in MPSs.
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40
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Ionescu C, Oprea B, Ciobanu G, Georgescu M, Bică R, Mateescu GO, Huseynova F, Barragan-Montero V. The Angiogenic Balance and Its Implications in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070903. [PMID: 35888622 PMCID: PMC9316440 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of developing new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. This review summarizes the main features of physiological and pathological angiogenesis and those of angiogenesis activation and inhibition. In healthy adults, angiogenesis is absent apart from its involvement in female reproductive functions and tissue regeneration. Angiogenesis is a complex process regulated by the action of specific activators and inhibitors. In certain diseases, modulating the angiogenic balance can be a therapeutic route, either by inhibiting angiogenesis (for example in the case of tumor angiogenesis), or by trying to activate the process of new blood vessels formation, which is the goal in case of cardiac or peripheral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Ionescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea București, 200144 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (B.O.)
| | - Bogdan Oprea
- Histology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (B.O.)
| | - Georgeta Ciobanu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea București, 200144 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Milena Georgescu
- Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns, County Emergency Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ramona Bică
- General Hospital—“Victor Babes”, 281 Mihai Bravu St., Sector III, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Garofiţa-Olivia Mateescu
- Histology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Fidan Huseynova
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34193 Montpellier, France; (F.H.); (V.B.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaïjan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), AZ1073 Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Azerbaijan Medical University, AZ1078 Baku, Azerbaijan
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41
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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42
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Hiller BE, Yin Y, Perng YC, de Araujo Castro Í, Fox LE, Locke MC, Monte KJ, López CB, Ornitz DM, Lenschow DJ. Fibroblast growth factor-9 expression in airway epithelial cells amplifies the type I interferon response and alters influenza A virus pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010228. [PMID: 35675358 PMCID: PMC9212157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) preferentially infects conducting airway and alveolar epithelial cells in the lung. The outcome of these infections is impacted by the host response, including the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9) is required for lung development, can display antiviral activity in vitro, and is upregulated in asymptomatic patients during early IAV infection. We therefore hypothesized that FGF9 would protect the lungs from respiratory virus infection and evaluated IAV pathogenesis in mice that overexpress FGF9 in club cells in the conducting airway epithelium (FGF9-OE mice). However, we found that FGF9-OE mice were highly susceptible to IAV and Sendai virus infection compared to control mice. FGF9-OE mice displayed elevated and persistent viral loads, increased expression of cytokines and chemokines, and increased numbers of infiltrating immune cells as early as 1 day post-infection (dpi). Gene expression analysis showed an elevated type I interferon (IFN) signature in the conducting airway epithelium and analysis of IAV tropism uncovered a dramatic shift in infection from the conducting airway epithelium to the alveolar epithelium in FGF9-OE lungs. These results demonstrate that FGF9 signaling primes the conducting airway epithelium to rapidly induce a localized IFN and proinflammatory cytokine response during viral infection. Although this response protects the airway epithelial cells from IAV infection, it allows for early and enhanced infection of the alveolar epithelium, ultimately leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Our study illuminates a novel role for FGF9 in regulating respiratory virus infection and pathogenesis. Influenza viruses are respiratory viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the lungs, influenza A virus primarily infects epithelial cells that line the conducting airways and alveoli. Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9) is a growth factor that has been shown to have antiviral activity and is upregulated during early IAV infection in asymptomatic patients, leading us to hypothesize that FGF9 would protect the lung epithelium from IAV infection. However, mice that express and secrete FGF9 from club cells in the conducting airway had more severe respiratory virus infection and a hyperactive inflammatory immune response as early as 1 day post-infection. Analysis of the FGF9-expressing airway epithelial cells found an elevated antiviral and inflammatory interferon signature, which protected these cells from severe IAV infection. However, heightened infection of alveolar cells resulted in excessive inflammation in the alveoli, resulting in more severe disease and death. Our study identifies a novel antiviral and inflammatory role for FGFs in the lung airway epithelium and confirms that early and robust IAV infection of alveolar cells results in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Hiller
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yongjun Yin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - Yi-Chieh Perng
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ítalo de Araujo Castro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - Lindsey E Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marissa C Locke
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kristen J Monte
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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43
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Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity of the FGF2 118-126 fragment dependent on the loop structure. Biochem J 2022; 479:1285-1302. [PMID: 35638868 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor /FGF Receptor 1 (FGF2/FGFR1) system regulates the growth and metastasis of different cancers. Inhibition of this signaling pathway is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here, we aimed to reproduce the 118-126 fragment of FGF2 to interfere with the FGF2-FGFR1 interaction. To determine whether the loop structure affects the function of this fragment, we compared cyclic (disulfide-bonded) and linear peptide variants. The cyclic peptide (referred to as BGF1) effectively inhibited the FGF2-induced proliferation of HUVECs, 4T1 mammary carcinoma, U87 glioblastoma, and SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells. It led to apoptosis induction in HUVECs, whereas the linear peptide (referred to as BGF2) was ineffective. In a murine 4T1 tumor model, BGF1 inhibited tumor growth more effectively than Avastin and increased animals' survival without causing weight loss, but the linear peptide BGF2 had no significant anti-tumor effects. According to immunohistochemical studies, the anti-tumor properties of BGF1 were associated with suppression of tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67 expression), angiogenesis (CD31 expression), and apoptosis induction (as was shown by increased p53 expression and TUNEL staining and decreased Bcl-2 expression). The potential of BGF1 to suppress tumor invasion was indicated by quantitative analysis of the metastasis-related proteins, including FGFR1, pFGFR1, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, MMP-9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, and supported by small animal positron emission tomography (PET) used 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). These results demonstrate that the functional properties of the 118-126 region of FGF2 depend on the loop structure and the peptide derived from this fragment encourages further preclinical investigations.
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Sasikumar S, Boden A, Chameettachal S, Cipolla L, Cromer B, Kingshott P, Pati F. Galactose Tethered Decellularized Liver Matrix: Toward a Biomimetic and Biofunctional Matrix for Liver Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3023-3037. [PMID: 35548974 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major challenge in liver tissue engineering is the replication of the microenvironment and microarchitecture of the liver tissue at the nanoscale. Decellularized liver matrix (DLM) provides an ideal material for scaffold preparation, as it retains the relevant structural and biochemical composition. However, the loss of bioactive factors during decellularization needs to be taken into account when using DLM and should be supplemented accordingly for an expected outcome. This study reports on the modification of DLM by the addition of galactose residues using a two-step thiol-ene-mediated photoclick chemistry for the coupling of galactose moieties to the DLM. Modification with galactose enhanced the function of hepatocytes and provides many advantages over currently used DLM and DLM-based materials. The galactose modified DLM enhanced the initial HepG2 cell adhesion to the substrate with changes in dynamics over time such as spheroid formation and further migration on the matrix. Our observation is that the galactose ligand decoration can also enhance the liver-specific metabolism of HepG2 compared to unmodified DLM. Galactosylated DLM also showed a better establishment of cellular polarity which also contributes to the function of HepG2 cells. Together our results demonstrate the advantages of adding galactose residues to currently available biomaterials, which makes this approach an attractive method for ECM-based liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sasikumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Andrew Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Brett Cromer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,ARC Training Centre Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284 Telangana, India
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Miura T, Kawano M, Takahashi K, Yuasa N, Habu M, Kimura F, Imamura T, Nakayama F. High-Sulfated Hyaluronic Acid Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Damage Without Blood Anticoagulation. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:100900. [PMID: 35295873 PMCID: PMC8918722 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), are useful for the treatment or prevention of radiation damage after radiation therapy. Although heparin can be supplemented to increase the therapeutic effects of FGFs, it possesses strong anticoagulant effects, which limit its potential for clinical use. Therefore, chemically sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed as a safe alternative to heparin. This study examined the involvement of sulfated HA in radioprotective and anticoagulant effects. Methods and Materials FGF1 was administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c mice with sulfated HA 24 hours before or after total body irradiation with γ-rays. Several radioprotective effects were examined in the jejunum. The blood coagulation time in the presence of sulfated HA was measured using murine whole blood. Results FGF1 with high-sulfated HA (HA-HS) exhibited almost the same level of in vitro mitogenic activity as heparin, whereas FGF1 with HA or low-sulfated HA exhibited almost no mitogenic activity. Furthermore, HA-HS had high binding capability with FGF1. FGF1 with HA-HS significantly promoted crypt survival to the same level as heparin after total body irradiation and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis in crypt cells. Moreover, pretreatment of HA-HS without FGF1 also increased crypt survival and reduced apoptosis. Crypt survival with FGF1 in the presence of HA depended on the extent of sulfation of HA. Moreover, the blood anticoagulant effects of sulfated HA were weaker than those of heparin. As sulfated HA did not promote the reactivity of antithrombin III to thrombin, it did not increase anticoagulative effects to the same extent as heparin. Conclusions This study suggested that HA-HS promotes the radioprotective effects of FGF1 without anticoagulant effects. HA-HS has great potential for practical use to promote tissue regeneration after radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Miura
- Regenerative Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kawano
- Regenerative Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Regenerative Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Masato Habu
- Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd (TCI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumie Kimura
- Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd (TCI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Imamura
- Regenerative Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nakayama
- Regenerative Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author: Fumiaki Nakayama, MD, PhD
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46
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Hayashida K, Aquino RS, Park PW. Coreceptor Functions of Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C896-C912. [PMID: 35319900 PMCID: PMC9109798 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00050.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-ligand interactions play an important role in many biological processes by triggering specific cellular responses. These interactions are frequently regulated by coreceptors that facilitate, alter, or inhibit signaling. Coreceptors work in parallel with other specific and accessory molecules to coordinate receptor-ligand interactions. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) function as unique coreceptors because they can bind to many ligands and receptors through their HS and core protein motifs. Cell surface HSPGs are typically expressed in abundance of the signaling receptors and, thus, are capable of mediating the initial binding of ligands to the cell surface. HSPG coreceptors do not possess kinase domains or intrinsic enzyme activities and, for the most part, binding to cell surface HSPGs does not directly stimulate intracellular signaling. Because of these features, cell surface HSPGs primarily function as coreceptors for many receptor-ligand interactions. Given that cell surface HSPGs are widely conserved, they likely serve fundamental functions to preserve basic physiological processes. Indeed, cell surface HSPGs can support specific cellular interactions with growth factors, morphogens, chemokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and microbial pathogens and their secreted virulence factors. Through these interactions, HSPG coreceptors regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation, and impact the onset, progression, and outcome of pathophysiological processes, such as development, tissue repair, inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis. This review seeks to provide an overview of the various mechanisms of how cell surface HSPGs function as coreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hayashida
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael S Aquino
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Liebman B, Schwaegler C, Foote AT, Rao KS, Marquis T, Aronshtam A, Bell SP, Gogo P, LaChapelle RR, Spees JL. Human Growth Factor/Immunoglobulin Complexes for Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:749787. [PMID: 35295649 PMCID: PMC8918831 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.749787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) are receptor tyrosine kinase agonists that promote cell survival after tissue injury and angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration during tissue repair and regeneration. Both ligands have potential as systemic treatments for ischemia-reperfusion injury, however clinical use of HGF and FGF2 has been limited by poor pharmacokinetic profiles, i.e., their susceptibility to serum proteases, rapid clearance and short half-lives. Previously, we reported vaso- and cardioprotective protein complexes formed between HGF and polyclonal, non-specific immunoglobulin (IgG) with therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (MI/R). Here, using a pre-clinical porcine MI/R model, we demonstrate human HGF/IgG complexes provide significant myocardial salvage, reduce infarct size, and are detectable in myocardial tissue 24 h after intracoronary injection. Furthermore, we show that multiple daily infusions of HGF/IgG complexes after MI do not lead to production of HGF-specific auto-antibodies, an important concern for administered biologic drugs. In experiments to identify other growth factors that non-covalently interact with IgG, we found that human FGF2 associates with IgG. Similar to human HGF/IgG complexes, FGF2/IgG complexes protected primary human cardiac endothelial cells under simulated ischemia (1% oxygen and nutrient deprivation) for 48–72 h. Molecular modeling studies suggested that FGF2 and HGF both interact with the Fc domain of IgG. Also, we tested whether an Fc-fusion protein would bind FGF2 to form complexes. By native gel electrophoretic assays and biochemical pulldowns, we found that Jagged1, a Notch1 ligand that controls stem cell self-renewal and tissue regeneration, bound FGF2 when presented as a Jagged1- Fc fusion protein. Our results suggest that human growth factor/IgG and FGF2/Fc- fusion complexes have potential to provide a biologics platform to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and other forms of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Liebman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Claire Schwaegler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Andrea T. Foote
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Krithika S. Rao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Alexander Aronshtam
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Stephen P. Bell
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Prospero Gogo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Richard R. LaChapelle
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Spees
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey L. Spees,
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48
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Sasikumar S, Chameettachal S, Kingshott P, Cromer B, Pati F. Influence of Liver Extracellular Matrix in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury: An Alternate Paradigm. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:834-846. [PMID: 34978414 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro drug-induced liver injury (DILI) models are promising tools for drug development to predict adverse events during clinical usage. However, the currently available DILI models are not specific or not able to predict the injury accurately. This is believed to be mainly because of failure to conserve the hepatocyte phenotype, lack of longevity, and difficulty in maintaining the tissue-specific microenvironment. In this study, we have assessed the potential of decellularized liver extracellular matrix (DLM) in retaining the hepatic cellular phenotype and functionality in the presence of a tissue-specific microenvironment along with its role in influencing the effect of the drug on hepatic cells. We show that DLM helps maintain the phenotype of the hepatic cell line HepG2, a well-known cell line for secretion of human proteins that is easily available. Also, the DLM enhanced the expression of a metabolic marker carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1), a regulator of urea cycle, and bile salt export pump (BSEP), a marker of hepatocyte polarity. We further validated the DLM for its influence on the sensitivity of cells toward different classes of drugs. Interestingly, the coculture model, in the presence of endothelial cells and stellate cells, exhibited a higher sensitivity for both acetaminophen and trovafloxacin, a toxic compound that does not show any toxicity on preclinical screening. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that a multicellular combination along with DLM can be a potential and reliable DILI model to screen multiple drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sasikumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,ARC Training Centre Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Brett Cromer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
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49
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Bono BS, Koziel Ly NK, Miller PA, Williams-Ikhenoba J, Dumiaty Y, Chee MJ. Spatial distribution of beta-klotho mRNA in the mouse hypothalamus, hippocampal region, subiculum, and amygdala. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1634-1657. [PMID: 35143049 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Beta-klotho (KLB) is a co-receptor required for endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 and FGF21 signaling in the brain. Klb is prominent within the hypothalamus, which is consistent with its metabolic functions, but diverse roles for Klb are now emerging. Central Klb expression is low but discrete and may govern FGF-targeted sites. However, given its low expression, it is unclear if Klb mRNA is more widespread. We performed in situ hybridization to label Klb mRNA to generate spatial maps capturing the distribution and level of Klb within the mouse hypothalamus, hippocampal region, subiculum, and amygdala. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that Klb-labeled cells may express low, medium, or high levels of Klb mRNA. Hypothalamic Klb hybridization was heterogeneous and varied rostrocaudally within the same region. Most Klb-labeled cells were found in the lateral hypothalamic zone, but the periventricular hypothalamic region, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, contained the greatest proportion of cells expressing medium or high Klb levels. We also found heterogeneous Klb hybridization in the amygdala and subiculum, where Klb was especially distinct within the central amygdalar nucleus and ventral subiculum, respectively. By contrast, Klb-labeled cells in the hippocampal region only expressed low levels of Klb and were typically found in the pyramidal layer of Ammon's horn or dentate gyrus. The Klb-labeled regions identified in this study are consistent with reported roles of Klb in metabolism, taste preference, and neuroprotection. However, additional identified sites, including within the hypothalamus and amygdala, may suggest novel roles for FGF15/19 or FGF21 signaling. The central expression of beta-klotho (Klb) is essential for the physiological actions of endocrine fibroblast growth factors. Klb mRNA was widely expressed throughout the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. However, the level of Klb expression varied between cells and contributed to a distinctive pattern of distribution within each brain structure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S Bono
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nikita K Koziel Ly
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Persephone A Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | | | - Yasmina Dumiaty
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Melissa J Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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50
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Strategies to enhance immunomodulatory properties and reduce heterogeneity in mesenchymal stromal cells during ex vivo expansion. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:456-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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